Asus X2024SX User Manual

Management Guide

24-Port Stackable Intelligent Workgroup Switch

Management Guide

24-Port Stackable Managed Switch

Contents

1 Chapter: Introduction ....................................................................................................1-1

Key Features.................................................................................................................1-1

Description of Software Features..................................................................................1-2

System Defaults............................................................................................................1-5

2 Chapter: Initial Configuration ........................................................................................2-1

Connecting to the Switch..............................................................................................2-1

Configuration Options............................................................................................2-1

Required Connections ...........................................................................................2-2

Remote Connections .............................................................................................2-3

Basic Configuration.......................................................................................................2-3

Console Connection ..............................................................................................2-3

Setting Passwords.................................................................................................2-4

Setting an IP Address............................................................................................2-4

Enabling SNMP Management Access...................................................................2-6

Saving Configuration Settings................................................................................2-7

3 Chapter : Configuring the Switch ..................................................................................3-1

Using the Web Interface ...............................................................................................3-1

Navigating the Web Browser Interface..........................................................................3-2

Home Page............................................................................................................3-2

Configuration Options............................................................................................3-3

Panel Display.........................................................................................................3-3

Main Menu....................................................................................................................3-4

Basic Configuration.......................................................................................................3-9

Displaying System Information ..............................................................................3-9

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions..................................................3-10

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities.............................................................3-12

Setting the Switch’s IP Address...........................................................................3-13

Managing Firmware............................................................................................. 3-15

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings.........................................................3-18

Console Port Settings..........................................................................................3-20

Telnet Settings.....................................................................................................3-22

Configuring Event Logging...................................................................................3-24

Resetting the System...........................................................................................3-28

Setting the System Clock.....................................................................................3-29

Simple Network Management Protocol.......................................................................3-31

Setting Community Access Strings......................................................................3-31

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types.........................................................3-32

User Authentication.....................................................................................................3-34

Configuring User Accounts..................................................................................3-34

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication.................................................3-35

Configuring HTTPS..............................................................................................3-38

Configuring the Secure Shell...............................................................................3-40

Configuring Port Security.....................................................................................3-45

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication ...............................................................3-47

Filtering Addresses for Management Access.......................................................3-53

Access Control Lists ...................................................................................................3-56

Configuring Access Control Lists.........................................................................3-56

Binding a Port to an Access Control List..............................................................3-61

Port Configuration.......................................................................................................3-63

Displaying Connection Status..............................................................................3-63

Address Table Settings...............................................................................................3-88

iii

Setting Static Addresses......................................................................................3-88

Displaying the Address Table..............................................................................3-89

Changing the Aging Time ....................................................................................3-90

Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration......................................................................3-92

Displaying Global Settings...................................................................................3-93

Configuring Global Settings.................................................................................3-95

Displaying Interface Settings ...............................................................................3-98

Configuring Interface Settings............................................................................3-101

VLAN Configuration..................................................................................................3-104

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs..........................................................................................3-104

Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting)....................................................3-107

Displaying Basic VLAN Information...................................................................3-107

Displaying Current VLANs.................................................................................3-108

Creating VLANs.................................................................................................3-110

Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index)............................................... 3-111

Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index)..................................................3-113

Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces.........................................................3-113

Private VLANs ...................................................................................................3-116

Displaying Current Private VLANs.....................................................................3-116

Configuring Private VLANs................................................................................3-117

Associating Community VLANs.........................................................................3-118

Displaying Private VLAN Interface Information.................................................. 3-119

Configuring Private VLAN Interfaces .................................................................3-120

Class of Service Configuration ..................................................................................3-122

Layer 2 Queue Settings.....................................................................................3-122

Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces...........................................................3-122

Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues ...........................................................3-123

Selecting the Queue Mode ................................................................................ 3-125

Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes...................................................3-126

Layer 3/4 Priority Settings..................................................................................3-127

Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values ......................................................3-127

Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority ............................................................3-128

Mapping IP Precedence ....................................................................................3-128

Mapping DSCP Priority......................................................................................3-130

Mapping IP Port Priority.....................................................................................3-132

Mapping CoS Values to ACLs ...........................................................................3-134

Multicast Filtering......................................................................................................3-136

Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) ................................................................3-136

4 Chapter 4: Command Line Interface.............................................................................4-1

Using the Command Line Interface...............................................................................4-1

Accessing the CLI..................................................................................................4-1

Console Connection ..............................................................................................4-1

Telnet Connection..................................................................................................4-2

Entering Commands.....................................................................................................4-3

Keywords and Arguments......................................................................................4-3

Minimum Abbreviation ...........................................................................................4-3

Command Completion...........................................................................................4-3

Getting Help on Commands...................................................................................4-3

Showing Commands..............................................................................................4-5

Partial Keyword Lookup.........................................................................................4-6

Negating the Effect of Commands.........................................................................4-6

Using Command History........................................................................................4-6

Understanding Command Modes ..........................................................................4-6

Exec Commands ...................................................................................................4-7

Configuration Commands......................................................................................4-7

Command Line Processing....................................................................................4-9

Command Groups.......................................................................................................4-10

Line Commands..........................................................................................................4-11

line.......................................................................................................................4-12

login.....................................................................................................................4-13

password .............................................................................................................4-14

timeout login response.........................................................................................4-14

exec-timeout........................................................................................................4-15

password-thresh..................................................................................................4-16

silent-time ............................................................................................................4-16

databits................................................................................................................4-17

parity....................................................................................................................4-17

speed...................................................................................................................4-18

stopbits ................................................................................................................4-18

disconnect............................................................................................................4-19

show line..............................................................................................................4-19

General Commands....................................................................................................4-21

disable .................................................................................................................4-22

configure..............................................................................................................4-22

show history.........................................................................................................4-23

reload...................................................................................................................4-23

end.......................................................................................................................4-24

exit.......................................................................................................................4-24

quit.......................................................................................................................4-24

System Management Commands...............................................................................4-26

Device Designation Commands...........................................................................4-26

User Access Commands .....................................................................................4-27

IP Filter Commands.............................................................................................4-30

Web Server Commands.......................................................................................4-32

Telnet Server Commands....................................................................................4-35

Secure Shell Commands.....................................................................................4-36

Event Logging Commands...................................................................................4-45

SMTP Alert Commands.......................................................................................4-51

Time Commands .................................................................................................4-55

System Status Commands ..................................................................................4-59

Frame Size Commands.......................................................................................4-66

Flash/File Commands.................................................................................................4-67

Authentication Commands..........................................................................................4-73

Access Control List Commands..................................................................................4-90

IP ACLs................................................................................................................4-91

MAC ACLs...........................................................................................................4-98

ACL Information.................................................................................................4-102

SNMP Commands....................................................................................................4-103

Interface Commands.................................................................................................4-108

interface.............................................................................................................4-108

description .........................................................................................................4-109

speed-duplex.....................................................................................................4-109

negotiation.........................................................................................................4-110

capabilities......................................................................................................... 4-111

flowcontrol..........................................................................................................4-112

shutdown ........................................................................................................... 4-113

switchport broadcast packet-rate....................................................................... 4-113

clear counters....................................................................................................4-114

show interfaces status .......................................................................................4-114

show interfaces counters...................................................................................4-116

show interfaces switchport................................................................................. 4-117

Mirror Port Commands..............................................................................................4-119

port monitor........................................................................................................4-119

show port monitor..............................................................................................4-120

Rate Limit Commands ..............................................................................................4-121

rate-limit.............................................................................................................4-121

rate-limit granularity ...........................................................................................4-122

show rate-limit....................................................................................................4-122

Link Aggregation Commands....................................................................................4-123

channel-group....................................................................................................4-124

lacp....................................................................................................................4-125

lacp system-priority............................................................................................4-126

lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface)...................................................................4-127

lacp admin-key (Port Channel) ..........................................................................4-127

lacp port-priority.................................................................................................4-129

show lacp...........................................................................................................4-129

Address Table Commands .......................................................................................4-135

mac-address-table static....................................................................................4-135

clear mac-address-table dynamic......................................................................4-137

show mac-address-table....................................................................................4-137

mac-address-table aging-time ...........................................................................4-138

show mac-address-table aging-time..................................................................4-138

Spanning Tree Commands.......................................................................................4-139

spanning-tree.....................................................................................................4-139

spanning-tree mode...........................................................................................4-140

spanning-tree forward-time................................................................................4-141

spanning-tree hello-time .................................................................................... 4-141

spanning-tree max-age......................................................................................4-142

spanning-tree priority.........................................................................................4-143

spanning-tree pathcost method .........................................................................4-143

spanning-tree transmission-limit........................................................................4-144

spanning-tree cost.............................................................................................4-144

spanning-tree port-priority..................................................................................4-145

spanning-tree edge-port ....................................................................................4-145

spanning-tree portfast........................................................................................4-147

spanning-tree link-type ......................................................................................4-147

show spanning-tree ...........................................................................................4-149

VLAN Commands.....................................................................................................4-151

Editing VLAN Groups.........................................................................................4-151

Configuring VLAN Interfaces .............................................................................4-153

Displaying VLAN Information.............................................................................4-159

Configuring Private VLANs................................................................................4-160

GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands .................................................................4-165

bridge-ext gvrp...................................................................................................4-165

show bridge-ext .................................................................................................4-166

switchport gvrp...................................................................................................4-166

show gvrp configuration.....................................................................................4-167

garp timer...........................................................................................................4-167

show garp timer.................................................................................................4-168

Priority Commands ...................................................................................................4-169

Priority Commands (Layer 2).............................................................................4-169

Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4)...................................................................4-175

Multicast Filtering Commands...................................................................................4-182

IGMP Snooping Commands..............................................................................4-182

IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2)....................................................................4-186

Static Multicast Routing Commands.................................................................. 4-189

IP Interface Commands............................................................................................4-191

Basic IP Configuration .......................................................................................4-191

5 Appendix A: Software Specifications ............................................................................5-1

Software Features.........................................................................................................5-1

Management Features..................................................................................................5-2

Standards .....................................................................................................................5-2

Management Information Bases...................................................................................5-3

6 Appendix B: Troubleshooting........................................................................................6-1

Problems Accessing the Management Interface...........................................................6-1

Using System Logs.......................................................................................................6-3

vii

1 Chapter: Introduction

This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.

Key Features

1-1

Description of Software Features

The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features. Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from engulfing the network. Port-based and protocol-based VLANs, plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering provides support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are briefly described below.

Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings.

Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+). Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1x protocol. This protocol uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request user credentials from the 802.1x client, and then verifies the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server.

Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, IP address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access, and MAC address filtering for port access.

Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can be used to improve performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.

Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed, duplex mode, and flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever possible to double the throughput of switch connections. Flow control should also be enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow control based on the IEEE 802.3x standard.

Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a

1-2

network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.

Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch supports up to 4 trunks.

Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.

Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.

IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 8K addresses.

Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.

To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 8 MB for frame buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested networks.

Spanning Tree Protocol – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol adds a level of fault tolerance by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments,

1-3

this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate path will be activated to maintain the connection.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to about 10% of that required by the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.

Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs. This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:

• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.

• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection.

• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN.

• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.

Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using four priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can be used to provide independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.

This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.

Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query to manage multicast group

1-4

registration.

System Defaults

The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-21). The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.

1-5

1-6

1-7

1-8

2 Chapter: Initial Configuration

Connecting to th

e Switch

Configuration Options

The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a Web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command

ote: The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default. To change this

address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4. The switch’s HTTP Web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor

port connections, a

etscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher.

N The switch’s Web management interface can be accessed from any c

ttached to the network.

a The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial

console por The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP

Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to b any system in the network usin OpenView.

The switch’s Web interface, CLI con you to perform the following management functions:

• Set user names and passwords for up to 16 users

• Set an IP interface for a management VLAN

• Configure SNMP parameters

• Enable/disable any port

• Set the speed/duplex mode fo

• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates

• Configure port access

• Filter packets using Access Control Lists(ACLs)

• Configure

• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration

t on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.

up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

nd display statistics using a standard Web browser such as

line interface (CLI).

omputer

(Simple Network

e managed from

g network management software such as HP

figuration program, and SNMP agent allow

r any port

through IEEE 802.1x security or static address filtering

2-1

• Configure IGMP multicast filtering

• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP

• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP

• Configure Spanning Tree pa

rameters

• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing

• Configure up to 4 static or LACP trunks

• Enable port mirroring

• Set broadcast storm control on any port

• Display system information and statistics

Required Connections

he switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or

T terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-mode

rovided with the switch.

p Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation

program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide.

o connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:

1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running terminal emulation software, and tighten the ca

ptive retaining screws on the DB-9

connector.

2. Connect the other end of th

3. Make sure the terminal emulat

e cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.

ion software is set as follows:

• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).

• Set the baud rate to 9600bp

• Set the data format to 8 dat

a bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.

• Set flow control to none.

• Set the emulation mode to VT100.

• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys. Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows® 2000, make

sure that you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in

yperTerminal’s VT10H

0 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information on

Windows 2000 service packs.

2. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-10 for a complete description of console configuration options.

3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed. For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface”

m console cable is

2-2

on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-9.

Remote Connections

Prior to accessing the switc first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.

The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic addre

etting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

“S Note: This After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard

configuration program from anywh configuration program can be accessed to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Na from a network computer using SNMP network management software.

Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To access the SNMP-based network management software.

switch supports four concurrent Telnet sessions.

full range of SNMP management functions, you must use

h’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must

ss assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see

ere within the attached network. The onboard

using Telnet from any computer attached

vigator 6.2 or above), or

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure the switch param Privileged Exec level.

Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform

hese steps: t

1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. T Verification” procedure starts.

eters, you must access the CLI at the

he “User Access

2-3

2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”

3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not isplayed on the console screen.)

4. The session is opened a

you have access at the Privileged

etting Passwords

Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new

passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, rec them and put them in a safe place.

Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:

1. Open the console interface with the

access the Privileged Exec level.

2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level,

where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level,

where password is your new password. Press <Enter>. Note: ‘0’ specifies the password in plain text, ‘7’ specifies the password in encrypted form.

nd the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating

Exec level.

ord

default user name and password “admin” to

Setting an IP Address

You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management access throu

Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subn will also need to specify the default gateway router.

Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network.

2-4

gh the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:

switch, yomask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the

Manual Configuration

You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. A

nything outside this format will

not be accepted by the CLI program. Note: The IP address for this switch is unassigned by default.

Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator:

IP address for the switch

•

• Default gateway for the network

• Network mask for this network

To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileg

ed Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type

“interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP

address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.

3. Type “exit” to return . To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch

4 belongs, type “ip default

to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.

-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of

the default gateway. Press <Enter>.

Dynamic Configuration

If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been rec

p dhcp restart” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will

“i be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration info and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and

eived. You therefore need to use the

rmation. (BOOTP

default

gateway.) If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is

saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the

switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on. To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP

address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:

1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access

the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2-5

2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following

commands:

To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.

•

• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp”

and press <Enter>.

3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “ip dhcp restart” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.

5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the

“show ip interface” command. P

ress <Enter>.

6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config

startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.

Enabling SNMP Management Access

The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps.

When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a par the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.

Community Strings

Community strings are used well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users or user groups, and set the access level.

The default strings are:

• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able

to retrieve MIB objects.

• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to

ameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets

to control management access to SNMP stations, as

2-6

both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Note: If you do not intend to utilize SNMP, we recommend that you delete both of the default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access to the sw

itch is disabled.

To prevent unauthorized access to the switch via SNMP, it is recommended that you change the default community strings.

o configure a community string, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type

“snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <

e default mode is read only.)

Enter>. (Note that

2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,”

where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.

Trap Receivers

You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch. To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type

“snmp-server host host-address community-string,” where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver and “community-string” is the string associated with that host. Press <Enter>.

2. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at

least one snmp-server enable traps command. Type “snmp-server enable traps

type,” where “type” is either authentication or link-up-down. Press <Enter>.

Saving Configuration Settings

Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command.

To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:

1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config

startup-config” and press <Enter>.

2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.

2-7

Managing System Files

The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, Web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file. The three types of files are:

Configuration — This file stores system configuration information and is

•

created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains a

ettings and cannot be deleted from the system. See “Saving or Restoring

ll the system default

Configuration Settings” on page 3-19 for more information.

• Operation Code — System s

oftware that is executed after boot-up, also known as run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and Web management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-16 for more information.

• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as POST (Power On Self-Test).

Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However,

you can have as many diagnostic code files and

configuration files as available flash memory space allows. In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file.

During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.

Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config, the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the running-config to a permanent file.

2-8

3 Chapter : Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Int

This switch provides an embedded HTTP can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).

Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a seri

sing the CLI, refer to Chapter 4: “Command Line Interface.”

u Prior to accessing the swi r, be sure you have first

performedthe following tasks:

1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.)

2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access to the Web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Setting Passwords” on page 2-4.)

3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system configuration program. Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated.

2. If you log into the Web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.

3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings” on page 3-101

al connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on

erface

Web agent. Using a Web browser you

tch from a Web browse

3-1

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin

Home Page

When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics.

.”

Figure 3-1. Home Page

3-2

Configuration Options

Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes configuration buttons.

Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”

2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.

the web page

Panel Display

The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex (i.e., half or full duplex, or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-66.

Figure 3-2. Ports Panel Display

3-3

Main Menu

Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.

3-4

3-5

+ 340 hidden pages