Apple 500 User Manual

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PowerBook

User’s Guide

Includes setup and important health-related information for PowerBook 500 series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, LaserWriter, Macintosh, PowerBook, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Apple Desktop Bus, Balloon Help, and Finder are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated,

registered in the United States. Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Exposure is a registered trademark of Preferred Publishers, Inc. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc. SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation. Tektronix is a registered trademark and Phaser is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

Con tents

Communications regulation information vi

1Getting Started 1

Plugging in the computer 1 Opening the display 3 Turni ng on the computer 4

Problems turning on your computer? 5 What’s next? 6 Learning the basics 7 Revi ewing the bas ics 9 Turni n g the computer off 10 Putting the computer to sleep 11

Automatic sleep 11 Restarting a computer that’s already on 12 Where to find answers 13

2Getting Help 15

Getting answers to your questions 16

Getting answers with the Topics button 17

Getting answers with the Index button 19

iii

Getting answers with the Look For button 21

Tips for using Macintosh Guide 23 Identifying objects on the screen 24 Learning useful shortcuts 25

3Connecting Additional Equipment 27

Connecting a printer 28 Connecting a modem 28 Connecting SCSI devices 30

Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk 31 Connecting an external monitor 35

Trouble? 37

Working with an external monitor 38

Disconnecting an external monitor 38 Connecting sound input and output devices 39 Connecting other devices 40 Adding memory to your computer 40

4Installing and Using Application Programs 41

Installing application programs 41 Working with several programs at a time 42

Findi ng out which programs are open 42

Switching programs 42

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop 43 Backing up your files 43

5Power Management 45

Power sources 45 Responding to low-power messages 46

What you should do 46

What you should know 46

Contents

Recharging the batteries 47 Removing or replacing the batteries 48 Maximizing the life of batteries 50 Maximizing work time 50

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 51

Health-related information about computer use 51

Musculoskeletal discomfort 52 Eye fatigue 53 Arranging your work area and equipment 53 Avoiding fatigue 56

What about electromagnetic emissions? 56 Important care and safety instructions 57 Caring for batteries 59 Handling floppy disks 60 Traveling with the PowerBook 61 Storing the PowerBook 62 Service and support 62

Appe n dix B Using Your Keyboard 63

Index 65

Contents

Communications regulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

Interference

Communications Regulation Information

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des Communications.

VCCI statement

Communications Regulation Information

vii

Microphone

Brightness control

Contrast control

Power On key

Battery

Floppy disk drive

Trackpad

Trackpad button

Elevation feet

Power adapter port

SCSI port (HDI-30)

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

Sound output port

[ W

External modem/Printer port

™

Video port

Ethernet port

⁄

Security slot

Internal modem port (optional)

Sleep indicator

Sound input port

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

Getting Started

The illustration on the facing page provides an overview of your PowerBook computer. To set up your PowerBook for the first time, you need the power adapter and the power cord that came with your computer.

When setting up your computer, place your computer on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded electrical outlet. Before following the setup instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Work Area and Equipment” in Appendix A for tips on adjusting your work furniture and computer so that you’re comfortable when using the computer.

Pluggin g in the computer

Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s batteries. You should plug in the power adapter in case the battery has drained during shipping or storage.

WARNING

Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook.

When you are ready to begin:

Power adapter port

1Plug one end of the power cord into the power adapter and the other end into a three-

hole grounded outlet or power strip.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your PowerBook is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding plug!

2Plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port (marked with the icon

the back panel of the computer.

) on

Chapter 1

Opening the display

Press the latch to release the lid.

1Press the latch and lift up the display.

2Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle.

You can adjust the angle of the display at any time by tilting it towards or away from you.

Getting Started

Turning on the computer

Power On key

To tu r n on the computer for the first time:

Press the Power On key (marked with the icon

keyboard to turn the computer on.

) at the upper-right corner of the

You should hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up.

When you see something like this on your screen, the computer is ready to us e:

Note: Your screen should look very similar to this picture but it might not look exactly the same.

Chapter 1

Problems turning on your computer?

The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen.

Adjust the brightness control (marked with the icon ¤) and contrast control (O) until an image appears and the screen is easy to read.

Nothing happened when you pressed the Power On key.

Make sure the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source. If the power adapter is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is plugged in and turned on. Th en try pressing the key again.

If the computer still doesn’t turn on, see the

PowerBook Troubleshooting

Guide you received with your computer for help.

You see a picture of a disk with a blinking question mark on the screen.

This picture means that you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to s tart itself up. You received a set of system software disks in the accessory kit that came with your computer. For instructions on installing system software, see the

PowerBook Troubleshootin g Guide you received

with your computer.

Getting Started

What’s next?

Yo u’ve now finished setting up your PowerBook. Continue with one of the following steps:

m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the

Basics.”

m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh.

m If you have additional equipment to connect to your computer, see

Chapter 3, “Connecting Additional Equipment,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before connecting additional equipment.)

m If you have application programs that you want to install on your computer,

see Chapter 4, “Installing and Using Application Programs,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before installing application programs.)

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, read the instructions in “Turning the Computer Off” later in this chapter to learn the correct procedure for turning off your PowerBook.

Chapter 1

Learning the basics

Trackpad

Trackpad button

If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse p r ogram called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps:

1Move your finger on the trackpad to move the arrow pointer (

) on the screen.

Place your index finger on the trackpad and your thumb on the trackpad button. Don’t press the trackpad button yet.

Move your finger across the trackpad, watching the arrow on the screen. Notice that the arrow on the screen moves in the same direction that you move your finger on the trackpad.

The trackpad is sensitive not only to the direction you move your finger, but also to how fast you move your finger. If you want the pointer to move a short distance across the screen, you move your finger slowly across the trackpad. The faster you move your finger, the farther the pointer moves on the screen.

Getting Started

Tips for using the trackpad

For best results when using the trackpad:

m Use your index finger (left or right hand). Use only one finger. m Use only your finger on the trackpad. Do not use a pen or any

other object.

m Extend your PowerBook’s elevation feet when it is placed on a

desktop. This gives your fingers better access to the keyboard and makes it easier to use the tip of your finger on the surface of the trackpad.

m Sometimes humidity or condensation may cause moisture to gather

on the trackpad. If this happens, gently wipe the trackpad with a clean cloth b efore you use it.

2Move your finger on the trackpad so that the tip of the arrow (

mark in the upper-right portion of the screen.

3With the tip of the arrow (8) on the question mark, press and hold down the trackpad

button.

) points to the question

A list of choices (called a menu) appears. This is the Guide menu, which is

the place to go when you have a question about how to use your computer.

4While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow (

Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the trackpad button.

)until the words “Macintosh

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set aside this book for now and follow the instructions you see on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book.

Chapter 1

Reviewing the basics

The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.

The strip across the

top of the screen is

called the menu bar.

The symbols and

words in it represent

menus of commands.

Icons are small pictures

that represent disks,

folders, programs, and

documents. To open

an icon, click the

icon twice quickly.

Windows are boxes

that display text,

graphics, or icons. To

bring a partially

covered window to the

front, click anywhere

in the window.

You can have several application programs open at once. To see which

To find an answer to

To move a window,

drag it by the title bar.

To close a window,

click the close box.

The Control Strip gives you a quick and easy way to monitor and update your PowerBook’s power management options. For instructions on using the Control Strip, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (

a question, look in the

Guide (

To bring hidden portions of a window’s contents into view, click the scroll arrows.

) menu.

)menu.

program is active or to switch from one program to another, use this menu (called the Application menu).

This icon represents your computer’s internal hard disk.

To change the size or shape of a window, drag the size box.

To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Getting Started

Turning the computer off

To tur n the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. Detailed instructions follow.

1If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it.

For information on the sleep feature of your PowerBook, see “Putting the Computer to Sleep” on the next page.

2Move the tip of the arrow to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen.

If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Click anywhere on the desktop.

3With the tip of the arrow on the word Special, press and hold down the trackpad button. 4While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow until the words “Shut Down”

are highlighted, then release the button.

Chapter 1

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from choosing Shut Down—f or example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you can turn off the computer by holding down the Control, Option, Command (

x), and Power On (P) keys at the same time. You will lose any unsaved work. Use this method only if you cannot choose Shut Down or Restart from the Special menu.

Putting the computer to sleep

Sleep is a power conservation feature of PowerBook computers, reducing the amount of power the computer draws when it’s not b eing used. When the PowerBook is in sleep, it has a darkened screen and appears to be off. A green light flashes on the top of the display case when your computer is in sleep.

To put the computer to sleep:

Choose the Sleep command from the Special menu. (The computer must be on in order for you to put it to sleep.)

For information on other ways of putting the computer to sleep, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Automatic slee p

If you don’t use the computer for several minutes, it goes to sleep automatically. This conserves battery power.

To wake t he computer, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). The screen will reappear as it was before the computer went to sleep.

You can control the automatic sleep feature. For more information on sleep and automatic sleep, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide i n Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Getting Started

Restarting a computer that’s already on

You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again—when you want to make certain changes to settings, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer using a different disk.

You also need to restart if you see a “system error” message on the screen (indicating a temporary software problem). In this case, use the trackpad to click the Restart button that appears.

To restart your computer:

Choose Restart from the Special menu.

If the Special menu does not appear in the menu bar, you’re working in the wrong program. Click anywhere on the desktop.

When you choose Restart, the computer prompts you to save your work, closes all open programs, and restarts itself.

Choosing Restart does not affect your RAM disk (if you created one) or its contents.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from choosing Restart—for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you can restart the computer by holding down the Control, Command (x), and Power On (P) keys at the same time. This turns the power off and on again, and you will lose any unsaved work. Use this method only if you cannot choose Restart or Shut Down from the Special menu.

Chapter 1

Whe re to find answers

PowerBookPow

rBoo

TroubleshootingTroubleshooting

GuideGuide

User’s GuideUser’s Guide

PowerBookPowerBook

When you have questions about using your PowerBook, there are several places you can look for answers:

In this book

Use this book to set up and learn about your computer.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with thehsymbol) is your main source

of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, refer to Chapter 2 of this book.

In the

PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide

The

PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide

is a portable manual that provides useful tips and suggestions if you have problems while

using your computer.

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or application programs you have purchased, see the manuals that came with them.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support information that came with your computer.)

Getting Started

Use the instructions in this

chapter to learn about the help

available to you in the Guide menu.

Getting Help

TheGuide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark ( upper-right corner of the screen.

h) in the

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.

1Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose

Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.

2Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its title ba r (the gray bar across the top of the window).

Chapter 2

3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase

that you type. In the following sections you will practice using each method. If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics may look different.)

Getting Help

2Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

Chapter 2

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

Slider

Scroll bar

2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or

by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Chapter 2

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

To activate the text

box, click here.

Type a word or phrase

in the text box…

…and then click here.

2Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

Getting answers with the Look For button

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or double-

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to display the next step.

close Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:

m Mac intosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.

m Fo llow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a step correctly.

m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its original size.

m If you need more information about an instruction or a term, click the

button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

m Wh en you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corner of the window.

Close box

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Title bar

Zoom box

Right arrow

Getting Help

Identifying objects on the screen

Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help.

Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

2Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and so on.

3When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.

Chapter 2

Learning useful shortcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Foll ow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

Getting Help

2Click one of the category buttons.

If you want to

close the window,

click here.

Click here to return to

the main Macintosh

Shortcuts window for

more categories.

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in

Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.

Click here to see the next window (if there is one).

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).

the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Chapter 2

Read this chapter for information on

SCSI port (HDI-30)

Sound input port

Sound output port

Power adapter port

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

™

Video port

Ethernet port

Security slot

Internal modem port (optional)

[ W

External modem/Printer port

expanding your computer system

with additional hardware.

Connecting Additional Equipment

The illustration below shows where equipment should be connected to your PowerBook. In most cases, you should refer to the manuals that came with your equipment for instructions on connecting it.

Additional information is provided in this chapter for adding the following devices to your computer system:

m printers m external modems m SCSI devices m external monitors m sound input and output devices m additional memory

Connectin g a printer

The modem/printer port on your computer can accept either a direct connection (to a printer such as a StyleWriter) or a network connection (to a printer such as a LaserWriter). If you are connecting a printer to the port, make sure that the modem selection in the PowerBook Setup control panel is set to Normal. See the next section, “Connecting a Modem,” for details.

Some printers, including the Personal LaserWriter SC, are connected to the SCSI port (marked with the icon g). You can also connect your PowerBook to a printer with an Ethernet port.

Connectin g a modem

Chapter 3

Apple offers optional low-power fax/data modems for your PowerBook. If your computer has an inter nal modem, see the documentation that came with your modem for more information.

You can also connect an external modem to the modem/printer port on the back pa n el of the computer.

To connect an external modem, follow these steps.

1Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2Connect the modem to a power source and to the phone line.

See the documentation that came with the modem.

3Make sure the modem is turned off. 4Connect the modem cable to the port marked with this icon:

5 Turn on the modem. 6Wake or restart the computer.

If your computer does not have an internal modem, the external modem is ready to use.

If your computer does have an internal modem, continue with step 7.

7Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

control panel.

8Click the Normal button to activate the external modem.

9Close the control panel.

) menu and open the PowerBook Setup

The external modem is ready to use.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connectin g SCSI de vices

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

Terminator

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

A SCSI device is any product—including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, and printers—that communicates with your computer by means of a standard electronic interface. (SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface.) You can attach up to 6 SCSI devices to your computer by linking them together in a chain that starts at your computer’s SCSI port.

To connect a SCSI device to your PowerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SCSI Syste m Cable or equivalent. This cable is light gray (the same color as desktop Macintosh computers), is about 19 inches long, and has 29 pins (one “missing” pin).

Refer to the manuals that came with your SCSI devices for instructions on installing any necessary software, setting SCSI ID numbers, and connecting SCSI cables and SCSI terminators. Refer to the illustrations below for the proper positioning of SCSI termi nators.

WARNING

When connecting SCSI equipment, always turn off power to

all devices in the chain, including your computer. If you don’t, you

could lose information and damage your equipment.

Wher e to add cable terminators when connecting a single SCSI device:

Chapter 3

Where to add cable terminators when connecting two or more SCSI devices:

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

SCSI peripheral interface cables

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk

You can purchase a cable called the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter which lets you connect your PowerBook to another computer as a hard disk. The PowerBook appears on the desktop of the other computer as a hard disk icon, and you can transfer information between the computers by dragging files. This feature is called SCSI disk mode.

The Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable is dark gray (the same color as your PowerBook computers), is about 10 inches long, and has 30 pins.

WARNING

Foll ow the steps for connecting and disconnecting SCSI devices carefully to avoid loss of information and damage to your equipment.

Connecting your compu ter as a SCSI disk

Before making any connections, you need to assign a unique SCSI ID number to the PowerBook. (The unique ID number allows the computer to communicate with several connected devices.)

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 2 Open the PowerBook Setup control panel.

) menu of your PowerBook computer.

Connecting Additional Equipment

3In the SCSI Disk Mode section of the control panel, click the ID number you want

to assign.

If you are connecting the PowerBook to an existing SCSI chain, make sure to give it an ID number different from those of the other devices. (Many devices include an ID number indicator on the back panel.)

4Close the PowerBook Setup control panel. 5 Turn off the PowerBook by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu. 6Shut down the computer you are connecting to, and turn off any other devices in the

SCSI chain.

7Connect the small connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter to the SCSI port on

your PowerBook.

8If you are connecting the PowerBook directly to the other computer (rather than to an

external device in the SCSI chain), attach a SCSI system cable to the other computer.

9Connect the large connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable to a SCSI

cable attached to the SCSI port on the last device in the SCSI chain, or to the SCSI system cable on the other computer.

Chapter 3

Remove the terminator from the last device before connecting the PowerBook. (If the last device has an internal terminator, disconnect the device and connect the PowerBook to the end of the SCSI chain. An Appleauthorized service provider can remove the terminator.)

WARNING

Always shut down the PowerBook before connecting or disconnecting the SCSI disk adapter cable. Connecting the adapter cable while the computer is turned on can damage the computer.

10 Turn on the PowerBook by pressing the Power On key.

After a few seconds a SCSI icon appears on the screen, showing the ID

Connect and disconnect your computer here.

These cables can stay attached to your other computer or its SCSI chain.

HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

number you assigned in step 3.

WARNING

If you do not see the SCSI icon, and the computer starts normally or displays an error message, choose Shut Down (if you can) and then immediately disconnect your computer from the SCSI chain. (If you can’t choose Shut Down, try pressing the Power On, Command, Option, and Control keys simultaneously. If you cannot shut down your PowerBook, you should disconnect the cable anyway, or you may lose information.) Then go back and repeat steps 6 through 10, making sure to us e the proper cables.

11 Turn on the other SCSI devices in the chain, if any. 12 Turn on the other computer.

The PowerBook appears as a hard disk icon on the screen of the computer you connected it to. You can now transfer and use files as if the PowerBook were an external disk drive.

Simplifying the connection process

If you regularly plan to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk with the same computer, you can leave the SCSI disk adapter cable attached to the other computer or its SCSI chain. (Make sure a terminator is attached between the cable a nd the adapter.) When you want to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk, simply shut down all devices and connect the adapter cable to the SCSI port on your PowerBook.

Connecting Additional Equipment

WARNING

Always disconnect your PowerBook from the adapter cable when you are not using it as a SCSI disk. Your PowerBook will not work correctly if the adapter cable remains attached.

Drawing b attery power in SCSI disk mode

Your PowerBook continues to draw battery power when you use it as a SCSI disk. Low battery power is indicated by a blinking low-power warning on the PowerBook’s screen.

If you see this warning while using your computer as a SCSI disk, either plug in the power adapter or quit SCSI disk mode, as described in the next section, so you can remove the battery for recharging.

Quitting SCSI disk mode

1Shut down the computer your PowerBook is connected to. 2Tap the Power On (P) key once to turn the PowerBook off.

Chapter 3

3 Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4Disconnect the PowerBook from the adapter cable.

If you regularly plan to connect your PowerBook to the same computer, you can leave the adapter cable attached to the SCSI chain or the other computer.

IMPORTANT

Do not leave the adapter cable attached to the PowerBook. If you do, the computer will behave as though it is still in SCSI disk mode when you try to restart.

5If necessary, disconnect the adapter cable from the other computer or its SCSI chain.

Your equipment is now ready for normal use. Make sure that the SCSI chain is properly terminated.

Connecting an external monitor

8 inches minimum

Floppy drive

An external monitor connected to your computer can function as an extension of your PowerBook’s built-i n screen—that is, you can drag objects from one screen to another and do your work on either one. Or you can show the same image on both screens.

Your PowerBook has a video port to which you can connect most Apple monitors. Contact your Apple-authorized dealer for information on which monitors are compatible with your PowerBook. To connect an external monitor, you need a PowerBook video adapter cable. If your PowerBook configuration did not include a video adapter cable, you need to purchase one from your Apple-authorized dealer.

Your PowerBook also supports most VGA and SVGA monitors. To connect a VGA or SVGA monitor, you need an additional adapter cable, which should come from the same source as the monitor.

To connect an external monitor, follow these steps. Also consult the documentation that came with the monitor

1Choose Shut Down or Sleep from the Special menu.

If you connect a monitor with your computer turned on, the computer will not recognize the monitor.

2Place the monitor where you will be using it.

Keep the computer and the monitor at least 8 inches apart. Interference between the monitor and your computer’s floppy disk drive can cause errors on your floppy disks.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Arrange th e monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below eye level while

Video port

Video adapter

Video cable

you work. Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from lights and windows.

3Make sure the monitor’s power cord is attached to the monitor, then plug the other end

into a grounded outlet or power strip.

If your monitor’s power cord is designed to plug into the power receptacle on the ba ck of a computer, rather than into an electrical outlet, you can obtain a cord with the correct plug from your Apple-authorized dealer.

If you are using a power strip, make sure it is turned on.

4Make sure the video cable is attached to the monitor, then attach the other end of the

video cable to the PowerBook’s video adapter. (If your PowerBook configuration did not include a video adapter cable, you need to purchase one from your Apple-authorized dealer. )

Chapter 3

5Attach the video adapter to the video port (marked with the icon

back panel.

6 Turn on the external monitor. 7Press the Power On (P) key to turn on your computer.

™

) on the computer’s

8Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu, and open the Monitors control panel.

Yo u’ll see two rectangles representing your two monitors.

9Click the rectangle 1 (representing your external monitor).

10 Close the Monitors control panel.

Trouble?

Nothing happened when you tried to turn on the PowerBook.

Make sure that all your equipment is connected properly, then try pressing the Power On (P) key again.

Make sure that the power adapter is plugged into both the computer and an electrical outlet. If you are using a power strip, make sure it is turned on.

The computer is on, but the external monitor is dark.

Make sure that the monitor’s power cord is connected, and that its power switch is on. Try adjusting the monitor’s brightness and contrast settings. If this doesn’t work, try restarting your computer.

For more suggestions, see the

PowerBook Troubleshootin g Guide.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Wo rking with an external monitor

Press here to remove.

For information on displaying the menu bar on the external monitor or using an external monitor for presentations, see the “Monitors” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Note: The backlight dimming feature in the PowerBook control panel turns the screen brightness down to a low level when you haven’t used the computer for a few minutes. (You can think of dimming as “screen sleep.”) Dimming also affects the external monitor. When you move your finger on the trackpad or press a key on the keyboard, the brightness is restored on both screens. For more information on backlight dimming, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Disconnecting an external monitor

1Make sure your computer is shut down or in sleep. 2Make sure your monitor is switched off. 3Disconnect the video adapter from the video port on the computer’s back panel. The

video port is marked with this icon: ™.

Press the small buttons on both sides of the connector to remove the video adapter from the port.

Chapter 3

Connecting sound input and output devices

Microphone

Your computer has a built-in microphone just below the display. For information on using the microphone to record sounds, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (

h) menu.

Your PowerBook also has a stereo sound input port (marked with the icon √) for connecting external sound input devices that provide line-level output. You cannot use the internal microphone and an external sound input device at the same time. For instructions on selecting a sound device in the Sound control panel, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

WARNING

Do not plug a sound output device (such as a pair of headphones) into the sound input port. Doing so may damage your audio equipment.

The PowerBook also has a stereo sound output port (marked with the icon -) to which you can connect speakers, an amplifier, headphones, or other audio output devices. The sound output port accepts a standard stereo miniplug, like that used to attach headphones to a portable tape player.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting other devices

For instructions on connecting a device not discussed in this chapter—for example, an external input device or networking hardware—refer to the manuals that came with the device.

Adding me mory to your computer

Your PowerBook computer comes with at least 4 MB of RAM. By adding memory upgrade cards, you can increase your computer’s memory. You can find out how much memory your computer has by choosing About This Macintosh from the Apple (

You can purchase memory upgrades from Apple-authorized dealers.

K) menu in the Finder.

WARNING

To avoid damage to your PowerBook, Apple recommends that only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the service and support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or service provider for additional information about this or any other warranty question.

Your PowerBook computer also supports virtual memory, a feature that makes use of hard disk space to provide additional RAM. (When the power adapter is not plugged in, using virtual memory will reduce your battery life, however.) For information on using virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 3

Insert metal end first, label side up.

Read this chapter for information on

installing and using application

programs on your computer.

Installing and U sing Application Programs

Installing application pro grams

Your computer comes with several application programs already on the hard disk. You’ll find these programs in either the Applications folder or the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk.

A program called Software Highlights gives you easy access to the programs in the Applications folder. To launch these programs and get tips on using them, double-click the Software Highlights icon.

Yo u’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. Refer to the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them.

In most cases, you install application programs onto your internal hard drive from floppy disks that you receive as part of an application program package. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive.

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon Commands to hide or

display open windows

A checkmark indicates

the active program

Open programs

Finding out which programs are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the Application menu.

Switching programs

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs to an op en program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a document that was created with the program).

Chapter 4

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.

Backing up your files

Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals.

m You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them onto

floppy disks.

m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk,

or to a hard disk.

m You can use a commercial backup program to copy new and changed files

from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of floppy disks.

m If your computer is on a network, you can back up files by copying them to

a shared disk on the network.

m You can back up files by copying them from one computer to the other

usingSCSIdisk mode. (See “Using Your PowerBook as a SCSI Disk” in Chapter 3 for more information on SCSI disk mode.)

Installing and Using Application Programs

Read this chapter for information

about your PowerBook’s battery.

Power sou rces

Power Managemen t

Your computer can draw its operating power from two different sources.

Main batteries

(NiMH) batteries (depending on the model you have). Two batteries provide power for up to 7 hours of work time (depending on the PowerBook model and type of battery you have and battery conservation features you choose).

Your PowerBook has space for two batteries. You can keep one or two batteries in the computer at a time. If you need maximum work time, you’ll want to keep both batteries in the computer. If you want your PowerBook to weigh less, you can keep one battery in the computer. (If you have a two-battery model, you need to purchase a cover for the second battery compartment.)

AC power

plugging in the power adapter.

Your computer came with one or two nickel-metal-hydride

You can run your computer from a grounded electrical outlet by

The power adapter includes two power supplies. It can run your computer and charge your batteries at the same time.

These power sources are described in more detail in the following sections.

Responding to low-power messages

When the batteries run low, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. If you are using two batteries in your PowerBook, the low-power messages appear when both batteries are low.

The work time remaining after you see the first message varies depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly.

What you should do

When you see a low-power message, you should do any of the following:

Plug in the power adapter,

Save your work and put the computer to sleep,

Replace the empty batteries with charged ones.

What you should know

When the first low-power message appears, the screen dims automatically to save power.

If you continue to work without plugging in the power adapter or changing the batteries, the computer displays a second low-power message.

The second message is followed by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. Within a few seconds, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. All activities are interrupted. It’s a good idea to save your work when you see the fir st two low-power messages to make sure you don’t lose information.

If you continue working until the computer goes to sleep automatically, you can wake it again as soon as you plug in the power adapter or replace one or both batteries with charged batteries. If you take both batteries out of the computer, make sure the power adapter is plugged in or you may lose any unsaved work.

If you can’t plug in the power adapter, the contents of RAM are retained in sleep for about a day (as long as you don’t remove the batteries).

Chapter 5

IMPORTANT

Power adapter port

batteries in the computer for longer than 2 weeks (especially in a hot location, such as th e t runk of a car) may damage the batteries so that they can’t be recharged. If this happens, you need to replace the batteries.

Recharging th e batteries

To recharge the batteries in your computer, plug in the power adapter. (Do not use a recharger designed for another PowerBook model. PowerBook 500 Series batteries must be charged inside the computer.)

Recharge depleted batteries as soon as possible. Leaving depleted

A lightning bolt icon appears in the battery monitor module in the Control Strip when the power adapter is plugged in and a battery is recharging.

The batteries are recharged regardless of whether you are using the computer, or the computer is off or in sleep. Wh en the computer is shut down or in sleep, both batteries are charged at the same time, in 2–3 hours. When you’re using the computer, one battery is charged at a time, and it takes 4–6 hours to charge both.

Power Management

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

Removing or re pl acing t he batt eries

To remove or replace the batteries, follow these steps.

1Save your work, and then choose Shut Down or Sleep from the Special menu, or plug in

the power adapter. 2Close the display. 3 Open the door of the battery you want to remove by sliding the button on the door in the

direction indicated by the arrow.

The door is physically attached to the battery.

4 Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment. 5Move the protective slider to cover the battery contacts.

The battery contacts should not be exposed when the battery is out of the

computer.

Chapter 5

6If you are inserting another battery, move the slider to expose the contacts, then slide it

into the battery compartment.

You cannot insert a battery when the protective slider is covering the battery contacts.

7If you are not inserting another battery, attach the battery compartment cover to prevent

dust or debris from accumulating in the empty compartment.

8If you just inserted new batteries, it’s a good idea to plug in the power adapter in case

the batteries are not fully charged.

IMPORTANT

Nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries contain metals which are hazardous when released in the environment. It is inappropriate, and in some cases unlawful, to throw batteries away with your household or business trash. Instead of throwing away your spent batteries, dispose of them as described here.

In the United States

Return spent batteries to your Apple-authorized service provider, who will make sure they are included in Apple’s battery recycling program.

Elsewhere

Many locations have government or Apple-sponsored collection and/or recycling programs for spent batteries. Dispose of spent batteries in accordance with the mandatory or voluntary battery collection programs in your location. Contact your Apple-authorized service provider for information about the recommended disposal procedures in your area.

WARNING

Damaged nickel-metal-hydride batteries may leak small amounts of potassium hydroxide. This substance can cause severe burns to the sk in and eyes. If you touch a damaged battery, immediately wash your hands and any other affected areas with water for at least five minutes. Do not use soap.

Power Management

Maximizing t he life of ba tterie s

If your PowerBook has one battery

If your PowerBook uses one battery, you can maximize the life of your battery by discharging and then recharging it completely once every 90 days. Just use the computer as you normally would, but ignore the lowpower messages that appear on the screen. (Make sure to save your work, however.) Wh en the computer goes to sleep automatically after the final warning, recharge the battery completely before using it again.

If your PowerBook has two batteries

If you are using two batteries, swap the left and right batteries once a month.

Your batteries will last longer if you recharge them at or slightly below room temperature.

With prop er care you can expect your batteries to last for at least a year. If you notice that the batteries no longer hold a charge for as long as they should, you may need to replace them.

Maximizing work time

Your PowerBook’s batteries can provide up to 3.5 hours of work time each before you need to recharge. The actual work time available depends on which model of PowerBook you have, what equipment you’re using with your computer, and what steps you take to conserve power while you work.

For battery conservation tips, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 5

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Health-related information about co mputer u se

Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage in nonwork activities that involve repetitive stress on the wrist—such as bicycling—and also use your computer’s keyboard improperly, you may increase your likelihood of developing wrist problems. Some individuals are at greater risk of developing these problems because of their health, physiology, lifestyle, and general exposure to stress. Work organization and conditions, such as workstation setup and lighting, also play a part in your overall health and comfort. Preventing health problems is a multifaceted task that requires careful attention to the way you use your body every hour of every day.

Refer to this appendix for important

health-related information

and safety tips.

The most common health effects associated with using a computer are musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of concern below.

Musculoskeletal discomfor t

As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.

Another type of musculoskeletal concern is repetitive stress injuries (RSIs), also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). These problems can occur when a certai n muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not totally understood, but in addition to awkward posture, such factors as the amount of repetition, the force used in the activity, the individual’s physiology, workplace stress level, and lifestyle may affect the likelihood of experiencing an RSI.

RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder results from excessive pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the wrist to the hand.

This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems, proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element of a healthy lifestyle.

No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you follow the mo st expert advice on using computer equipment. You should always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye problems occur.

Appendix A

Eye fa ti g ue

Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s n o evidence that it leads to permanent damage.

Whenever you’re engaged in an activity that involves close-up work—such as reading a magazine, doing craft work, or using a computer—be sure to have sufficient glare-free lighting and give your eyes frequent rest breaks by looking up and focusing on distant objects. Remember to have your eyes examined regularly.

To prevent discomfort and eye fatigue:

m Ar range your work space so that the furniture is properly adjusted for you

and doesn’t contribute to an awkward working posture.

m Ta ke frequent short breaks to give your muscles and eyes a chance to rest.

Arran ging your work area and equipment

The suggestions in this section can help you work more comfortably with your computer.

Chair

m An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust

the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on the floor.

The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region). Foll ow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your body properly.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Keyboard and trackpad

This Not this

Not thisThis

m Wh en you use the keyboard and trackpad, your shoulders should be

relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.

m You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the

proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface.

m Use a light touch when typing or using the trackpad and keep your hands

and fingers relaxed. When using the trackpad, avoid rolling your thumbs under your palms.

Appendix A

Some com puter users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.

m Cha nge hand positions often to avoid fatigue. m If you prefer, you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by lowering the legs

until they snap into position.

The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the legs are in use. Otherwise, the keyboard is level.

Mouse

m If you use an external mouse, position the mouse at the same height as

your keyboard. Allow adequate space to use the mouse comfortably.

Built-in display

m Adjust th e angle of the display to minimize glare and reflections from

overhead lights and windows.

m You may need to adjust the brightness and contrast of the screen when you

take the computer from one work location to another, or if the lighting in your work area changes.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

External monitor

If you use an external monitor, this suggestion may be helpful. m If possible, arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below

your eye level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28 inches (45 to 70 cm).

Av oiding fatigue

m Cha nge your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel

tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.

m Allow adequate work space so that you can work comfortably. Place papers

or other items so you can view them easily while using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more comfortable.

m Eye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally

focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.

m Clean your screen regularly. Keeping the screen clean helps reduce

unwanted reflections.

What abou t el ectromagnetic emissions?

There has been recent public discussion of the possible health effects of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiring, and some household appliances—as well as computer monitors.

Apple has reviewed scientific reports and sought the counsel of government regulatory agencies and respected health organizations. Based on the prevailing evidence and opinions, Apple believes that the electric and magnetic fields produced by computer monitors do not pose a health risk. In response to those customers who wish to reduce their exposure to electromagnetic fields, Apple has lowered the emission levels of its products.

Appendix A

Important care and safety instructions

For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.

Warning

m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this

product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical product and do not permit them to handle any cables.

m Do not use the computer in or near water. m Do not use cables that are frayed or otherwise damaged. Hold a cable by its

connector (the plug, not the cord) when connecting or disconnecting it.

m Always handle batteries carefully. m Do not drop, puncture, mutilate, or burn the computer or battery. m Recha r ge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated

areas.

m Tra nsport batteries either inside the computer or with the protective slider

covering the battery contacts.

m Do not short-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not allow a metal

object such as a paper clip or key chain to touch the terminals). Doing so may cause an explosion or a fire.

Cauti on

m If you have a problem with your computer and nothing in the computer

manuals solves the problem, take the computer to your Apple-authorized dealer or service provider. Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the limited warranty.

m Do not move the computer when you can hear its hard disk spinning.

When you put the computer to sleep, wait until the screen is blank before moving the computer.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

m Never force a connector into a port. Make sure that the connector matches

the port and that it’s right side up. If the connector and port do not join easily, they do not match.

m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. m Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard,

and the trackpad. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer, shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much got into the computer, you may have to bring the computer to an Apple-authorized service provider for cleaning.

m Do not touch the screen with any sharp or pointed objects. m Use only the battery supplied with your computer, or an identical model.

Batteries designed for other portable computers may look similar, but they may not work with your computer and may damage it.

m Use only the power adapter supplied with your computer, or an identical

model. Adapters designed for other electronic devices may not work with your equipment and may damage it.

m Do not leave batteries in hot locations (such as the trunk of a car).

Important

m Use the computer only in environments where the temperature range is

between 50°F/10°C and 104°F/40°C.

m Do not expose the computer to very low (less than –13° F/–25°C) or very

high (more than 140°F/60°C) temperatures.

m If the computer has been in a cold place for several hours, let it warm up to

room temperature before you use it.

m Clean the computer’s outside surfaces with a damp (not wet) cloth. Clean

the screen with soft, lint-free paper or cloth and a mild glass cleaner. Do not spray the glass cleaner directly onto the screen.

Appendix A

Caring for batteries

m Always handle batteries carefully. m Do not short-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not touch both

m Do not drop, puncture, disassemble, mutilate, or incinerate the battery. m Recha r ge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated

m Do not leave batteries in hot locations (such as the trunk of a car). m Do not leave a battery in your computer for longer than a week without

m Do not leave a battery in storage for longer than 6 months without

m Ta ke dead batteries to an Apple-authorized service provider for recycling or

terminals with a metal object). Doing so may cause an explosion or a fire.

areas.

plugging in the power adapter.

recharging it.

proper disposal. The batteries contain hazardous chemicals and should not be thrown out with household or office trash.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Handling floppy disks

125° F (52° C)

50° F (10° C)

Keep disks dry.

Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label.

Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F.

Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter.

Keep disks away from magnets.

Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.

Appendix A

Traveling wit h the PowerBook

The safety instructions earlier in this appendix also apply when you are traveling. In addition, note these precautions:

m Do not transport your PowerBook while it is turned on. Put your computer

to sl eep or shut it down before you move it.

m Tra nsport batteries either inside the computer or with the protective slider

covering the battery contacts. Do not transport unprotected batteries.

m Do not check your computer as baggage. Carry it with you. m Have security officials manually inspect your computer and disks if you do

not want to pass them through X-ray machines.

m Ta ke the system software disks that came with your computer with you in

case you need to reinstall system software.

m Be prepared to show security officials that your computer is working. Have

a charged battery or a power adapter ready to use.

m So me airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Check

ahead to find out what restrictions, if any, apply.

m Ta ke th e n ecessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. (You may

need to use them with the power adapter.) You do not need a voltage transformer. The power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC (48 Hz to 62 Hz).

Check the diagrams below to determine which plug adapters you’ll need, or ask your travel agent.

Outlet Type Locations

United States, Canada, parts of Latin America, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan

Former Soviet Union, most of Europe, parts of Latin America, the Middle East, parts of Africa, Hong Kong, India, most of South Asia

Mexico, United Kingdom, Ireland, Malaysia, Singapore, parts of Africa

China, Australia, New Zealand

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Storing the PowerBook

1Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. 2Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3Close the display. 4 Recharge the battery or batteries.

Be sure your batteries are fully charged if you are taking the computer places where you cannot plug it in.

5 Store the computer in a cool, dry place.

Storage temperatures should remain between 10°C and 40°C (between 50°F and 104°F). Avoid leaving the computer where temperatures may be extreme or unpredictable—in the trunk of a car, for example.

Service and support

If your computer is malfunctioning but does not appear to be physically damaged, shut it down (and leave the power adapter plugged in, if possible) until you can get help.

If you know or suspect that your computer is physically damaged, disconnect the power adapter, remove the battery, and do not use the computer until it can be repaired.

See the service and support information that came with your computer for information about customer assistance.

Appendix A

Refer to this appendix for

information on using the

PowerBook 500 Series keyboard

Appendix B Using Your Keyboard

The PowerBook 500 Series keyboard works in much the same was as the keyboards on other computers and on electric typewriters. However, there are a few special keys you should know about.

The illustration on the following page explains the function of all the special keys on the PowerBook 500 Series keyboard.

Special keys on the PowerBook 500 Series keyboard

1!2@3#4$5%6 7&8

9(0

)

+ =

delete

YUI OPQWE RT

tab

lock

caps

shift

ctrl option

shift

return

enter

SDFGHJKLA

ZXCVBNM

;

[{]

}

F9 F10 F11 F12

esc

F2 F3 F4

F6 F7 F8F5

Tab key

Caps lock key

Control key

Option key

Shift key

Enter key

(Command) key

Arrow keys

Delete key

Escape key

Power on key

Return key

Function keys

Arrow keys Move the insertion point, as an alternative to using the pointing device.

In some programs, the arrow keys have other functions.

Caps Lock key A locking Shift key for letters only (numbers and symbols aren’t affected).

(Command) key Works in combination with other keys as an alternative to choosing a menu

command.

Appendix B

Control key In combination with other keys, provides shortcuts or modifies actions. Delete key Deletes selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point. Enter key In a dialog box, pressing Enter is the same as clicking the outlined button.

In some programs, confirms information you have provided.

Escape key The function of this key depends on the program you’re using. Function keys Some programs allow you to use function keys to give commands. You

can assign commands or action sequences to function keys with utility programs.

Option key In combination with other keys, produces special characters or modifies

actions.

Power On key Turns on the computer. Return key Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next line. In a dialog box,

pressing Return is the same as clicking the outlined button.

Shift key Produces capital letters (or the upper character on the key). Tab key Moves the insertion point to the next stopping place (such as a tab stop or

data field).

Index

If you can’t find what you’re looking for

in this index, look in Macintosh Guide—

available in the Guide (h) menu

on your computer.

About this Macintosh (Apple menu) 40 activating the Finder 16, 23 active program 16, 42 amplifier, connecting 39 Apple-authorized service providers

disposing of dead batteries 52, 59 installing additional RAM 40

repairing the computer 57 Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port 27 Apple Extras folder 41 Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

31, 32, 33 Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable 30 Apple menu, About this Macintosh 40 Application menu

Finder 16, 23 Hide Others command 43 open programs displayed 9, 42 Show All command 43

application programs

activating 16 installing 41

working with 42–43 Applications folder 41 arrow keys 64 arrow pointer, moving 7–8 audio output devices, connecting 39 automatic sleep 11, 46

backing up files 43 backlight dimming 38 Balloon Help 24 batteries

avoiding damage to 46 care of 57, 58, 59 damaged 49 disposing of dead batteries 49, 59 low-power messages 46–47 low-power warning, in SCSI disk

mode 34 maximizing the life of 50 recharging 1, 47–48 removing or replacing 48–49 transporting 57, 61

battery power

conserving 11, 50 SCSI disk mode and 34

blinking question mark on screen,

troubleshooting 5

brightness on screen, adjusting

on an external monitor 37, 38 on the built-in display 5, 55

burns to skin and eyes from damaged

batteries 49

cables

Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

31, 32, 33 Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable 30 PowerBook video adapter cable 35 safety instructions for 57 SCSI system cable 32

cable terminators, for connecting

SCSI devices adding 30–31 removing 32

care of equipment. See safety instructions

carpal tunnel syndrome 52 chair, adjusting for computer use 53, 54 charging batteries 1, 47–48 cleaning the computer 58 clicking icons 25 close box 9 closing the Macintosh Guide window 23 commands, shortcuts for 25–26 computer equipment, care of.

See safety instructions

connecting

additional equipment, overview

27–28 external input devices 40 external modem 28–29 external monitor 35–37 networking hardware 40 PowerBook as a SCSI disk 31–34 printer 28 SCSI devices 30–31 sound input and output devices 39

conserving battery power 11, 34, 50

contrast on screen, adjusting

on an external monitor 38 on the built-in display 5, 55

control panels

Monitors 37

PowerBook Setup 28, 29, 31 Control Strip 9 copying files 43 cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 52 customer support 13, 62

damaged batteries 49 damage to computer, avoiding 1, 40, 46 dead batteries, disposing of 49, 59 Delete key 64 desk accessories, opening and

switching 42

desktop, hiding and showing

windows on 43 dimmed icons 42 disconnecting

an external monitor 38 PowerBook in SCSI disk mode 34

display. See also external

monitor; screen

adjusting 3, 55 opening 3

double-clicking icons 25

Index

electromagnetic emissions from

computer monitors 56 Empty Trash command (Special menu) 9 equipment, adjusting and arranging

for optimal use 53–56 Ethernet port 27, 28 expanding the Macintosh

Guide window 23 external input devices, connecting 40 external modem, connecting 28–29 external modem/printer port 27, 28 external monitor

adjusting brightness and contrast

37, 38

adjusting for optimal use 36, 56 backlight dimming and 38 connecting 35–37 disconnecting 38 troubleshooting 37

external sound input devices,

connecting 39 eye fatigue related to computer use

51, 53, 56

files, backing up 43 Finder

activating 16, 23 icon 42 shortcuts in 25–26

floppy disks

backing up 43 care and handling 60 inserting 41

Guide menu

Hide Balloons command 24 how to use 15–16 Macintosh Guide command 16 Macintosh Tutorial 8 overview 9, 13 Shortcuts command 25 Show Balloons command 24

handling computer equipment.

See safety instructions hard disk, backing up files on 43 hard disk icon 9 hard disk space, using as RAM 40 headphones, connecting 39 health-related information about

computer use 51–56 Help. See Balloon Help; Guide menu;

Macintosh Guide; PowerBook

Troubleshooting Guide;

troubleshooting Hide Balloons command

(Guide menu) 24 Hide Others command

(Application menu) 43 hiding windows on the desktop 43 Huh? button (Macintosh

Guide window) 23

Index

I, J

icons

battery recharging 47 blinking question mark 5 defined 9 dimmed 42 double-clicking 25 Finder 42 Guide menu 15 hard disk 9 modem/printer port 29 opening 25 ports 27 PowerBook Setup 29, 31 SCSI disk mode 33–34 SCSI port 28 sound in and out ports 39

video port 36, 38 identifying objects on the screen 24 ID number. See SCSI disk mode Index button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17, 19–20 installing memory 40 internal modem 28, 29 internal modem port 27

keyboard

adjusting angle of 55 care of 58 correct posture for using 54–55 shortcuts for using 25–26 special keys 64

liquid spills on the computer 58 Look For button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17, 21–22 low-power messages 46–47 low-power warning, in SCSI

disk mode 34

Macintosh Guide command

(Guide menu) 16 Macintosh Guide

closing 22, 23 displaying 16 finding information 17–22 Huh? button 23 Index button 17, 19–20 Look For button 17, 21–22 moving 16, 23 returning to 18, 23 shrinking and expanding 23 tips for using 23

Topics button 17–18 Macintosh Shortcuts 25–26 Macintosh Tutorial 7–8 memory 40, 46 memory upgrade cards 40 menu, defined 8 menu bar, defined 9 microphone 39 modem, connecting 28–29 modem/printer port 27, 28 monitor 3, 35–38, 55–56. See also screen Monitors control panel 37 mouse

correct position of 55

shortcuts for using 25–26 moving

batteries and computer 57, 61

the Macintosh Guide window 23 musculoskeletal discomfort related

to computer use 51–52, 56

Index

network, backing up files on 43 networking hardware, connecting 40 nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) battery.

See batteries

on-screen help. See Balloon Help;

Guide menu; Macintosh Guide

opening

applications and desk accessories 42 the display 3 icons 25

open programs, displaying 42

Power On key 4, 10, 12, 36

troubleshooting 5, 37 power sources 45 printer, connecting 28 printer port 28 problems. See troubleshooting programs. See application programs

question mark on screen,

troubleshooting 5

questions. See Balloon Help;

Guide menu; Macintosh Guide; PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide; troubleshooting

plug adapters for overseas travel 61 plugging in the computer 1–2 pointer, moving 7–8 ports, illustration of 27 power adapter 1, 2, 5, 58

recharging batteries and 47–48 power adapter cable 2 power adapter port 2, 27 PowerBook Setup control panel

28, 29, 31

PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide

5, 13, 37 PowerBook video adapter cable 35 power conservation 11, 34, 50 power cord 1

RAM

installing 40 protecting contents of 46

RAM disk, restarting the

computer and 12 recharging batteries 1, 47–48 removing or replacing batteries 48–49 repairing the computer 57 repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 52 Restart command (Special menu) 12 restarting the computer 12

Index

safety instructions

connecting SCSI equipment

30, 31, 32, 33, 34 damaged batteries 49 depleted batteries 47 floppy disks 60 general instructions for computer

equipment 57–60 grounding plug 2 installing additional RAM 40 power adapter 1 recharging batteries 48 storing the computer 62 transporting the computer 57, 61

screen. See also display; external monitor

adjusting brightness and

contrast 5, 55 backlight dimming and 38 identifying objects on 24 troubleshooting 5

scroll arrows 9 SCSI cable terminators

adding 30–31 removing 32

SCSI chain 30, 32–33 SCSI devices, connecting 30–31 SCSI disk, using your

PowerBook as 31–34

SCSI ID number, assigning to

the PowerBook 31–32

SCSI port 27, 28 SCSI system cable 32 searching for information, Macintosh

Guide window 17–22

security slot 27 setting up the computer 1–3 shortcuts, keyboard and mouse 25–26 Shortcuts command (Guide menu) 25

Show All command

(Application menu) 43

Show Balloons command

(Guide menu) 24 showing windows on the desktop 43 shrinking the Macintosh

Guide window 23 Shut Down command (Special menu)

10, 33, 48, 62 shutting down the computer,

troubleshooting 10, 33 size box 9 sleep, putting the computer to sleep

11, 46 Sleep command (Special menu) 11, 48 Small Computer System Interface.

See SCSI Software Highlights program 41 sound in and out ports 27, 39 sound input/output devices,

connecting 39 speakers, connecting 39 Special menu

Empty Trash command 9 Restart command 12 Shut Down command 10, 33, 48, 62

Sleep command 11, 48 spills, cleaning up 57 starting up the computer 4, 5 storing the computer 62 support, obtaining customer assistance

13, 62 SVGA monitors 35 switching to another program or desk

accessory 42 “system error” message 12 system software 5

Index

Tab key 64 tape drive, copying files to 43 temperature ranges

for the computer 58

for floppy disks 60 terminators. See cable terminators three-wire grounding plug 2 title bar 9 Topics button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17–18

Topics button (Macintosh

Shortcuts window) 26

trackpad

care of 58

correct posture for using 54–55

how to use 7–8 transferring information between

computers 31

transporting batteries and computer

57, 61 Trash 9 traveling with the computer 57, 61;

PowerBook Troubleshooting

Guide

troubleshooting. See also Guide menu

blinking question mark on screen 5 external modem problems 29 external monitor connections 37 nothing appears on the screen 5 Power On key 5, 37 restarting the computer 12 shutting down the computer 10, 33 “system error” message 12 turning on the computer 5 where to find answers 13

turning off the computer 10

quitting SCSI disk mode and 34

turning on the computer 4

SCSI disk mode and 33 troubleshooting 5

typing, correct posture for 54

upgrading memory 40

VGA monitors 35 video adapter 36, 38 video cable 36 video port 27, 35, 36, 38 virtual memory 40

W, X, Y, Z

waking the computer 10, 11 warranty on your computer 40, 57 windows

defined 9 displaying in applications 42 hiding and showing on desktop 43

working with several programs

at a time 42

work space and equipment, optimal

arrangement of 52, 53–56

Index

The Apple Publishing System

This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and on QMS and Tektronix color printers. Final pages were output directly to separated film on a PostScript

Text type is Times

™

-driven imagesetter.

, display type is Helvetica®Narrow, and cover type is Apple Garamond, Apple’s corporate font. Ornaments are custom symbols designed for Apple Computer. Some elements, such as computer voice, are set in Apple Courier, a fixed-width font.

PostScript, the LaserWriter page-description language, was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated.

™

Apple 500 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual