ANALOG DEVICES UG-208 Service Manual
Evaluation Board User Guide
UG-208
One Technology Way • P. O . Box 9106 • Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. • Tel : 781.329.4700 • Fax : 781.461.3113 • www.analog.com
1 GSPS Quadrature Digital Upconverter with 14-Bit DAC Evaluation Board
FEATURES
1 GSPS internal clock speed (up to 400 MHz analog output)
Integrated 1 GSPS 14-bit DAC
250 MHz I/Q data throughput rate
Phase noise ≤ −125 dBc/Hz (400 MHz carrier @ 1 kHz offset)
Excellent dynamic performance >80 dB narrow-band SFDR
8 programmable profiles for shift keying
Sin(x)/(x) correction (inverse sinc filter)
Reference clock multiplier
Internal oscillator for a single crystal operation
Software and hardware controlled power-down
Integrated RAM
Phase modulation capability
Multichip synchronization
Easy interface to Blackfin SPORT
Interpolation factors from 4× to 252×
Interpolation DAC mode
Gain control DAC
Internal divider allows references up to 2 GHz
1.8 V and 3.3 V power supplies
100-lead TQFP_EP package
PACKAGE CONTENTS
AD9957 evaluation board
AD9957/PCB installation software
USB cable
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This user guide serves as a guide to setup and use the AD9957
evaluation board. The AD9957 is a 1 GSPS quadrature digital
upconverter with a 14-bit DAC.
The evaluation board software provides a graphical user interface
for easy communication with the device along with many userfriendly features such as the mouse-over effect, which clarifies
elements by hovering the mouse over the element.
Use this user guide in conjunction with the AD9957 data sheet.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
BASEBAND
MODULATION
DATA
TO PC
EVAL-AD9957
USB
INTERFACE
FIFO
SPI
DC POWER
HEADER
Figure 1.
I/Q DATA
MULTICHIP
AD9957
REFERENCE
CLOCK
SYNC
DAC OUT
07801-001
PLEASE SEE THE LAST PAGE FOR AN IMPORTANT
WARNING AND LEGAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
Rev. A | Page 1 of 32
UG-208 Evaluation Board User Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Package Contents .............................................................................. 1
General Description ......................................................................... 1
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Evaluation Board Hardware ............................................................ 3
Requirements ................................................................................ 3
Setting Up the Evaluation Board ................................................ 3
Evaluation Board Software .............................................................. 5
Installing the Software ................................................................. 5
Installing the Driver ..................................................................... 5
Launching the Program ............................................................... 5
Feature Windows .............................................................................. 7
Control ........................................................................................... 7
Profiles.............................................................................................. 10
Profiles Windows ........................................................................ 10
View Windows ............................................................................ 14
QDUC RAM Control ................................................................. 14
FIFO Control .............................................................................. 15
MultiChip Sync Control ............................................................ 15
GPIO ............................................................................................ 16
Debug Window ........................................................................... 16
Register Map (Software Buffer) Values Window ................... 17
DUT I/O ...................................................................................... 17
Modulation Vector Generator....................................................... 18
QAM ............................................................................................. 18
GMSK/EDGE .............................................................................. 19
SDPSK .......................................................................................... 19
Simulator ......................................................................................... 20
Simulator Tool ................................................................................. 21
Overview ..................................................................................... 21
Simulator Activation .................................................................. 21
Simulator Description ............................................................... 21
Single-Tone Mode Simulation .................................................. 23
QDUC Parallel Data Mode Simulation ................................... 24
QDUC BlackFin (Serial Data) Mode Simulation ................... 24
Interpolating DAC Mode Simulation ...................................... 25
Virtual Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer ........................ 25
User Data File(s) ......................................................................... 25
Auxiliary Control File ................................................................ 26
Keywords ......................................................................................... 27
Debug ........................................................................................... 27
Showclip ....................................................................................... 27
Samples ........................................................................................ 27
DDSCORE ................................................................................... 27
RSET ............................................................................................. 27
DACXFR ...................................................................................... 27
FFTWINDOWTYPE ................................................................. 27
Virtual Oscillope and Spectrum Analyzer Instruments
Keywords ..................................................................................... 28
DAC Output Signal Keywords .................................................. 29
REVISION HISTORY
11/10—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Document Title Changed from EVAL-AD9957 to
UG-208 ................................................................................. Universal
Changes to Device Clock Oscillator Options Section ................. 3
Deleted Ordering Guide ................................................................ 32
7/09—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. A | Page 2 of 32
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-208
EVALUATION BOARD HARDWARE
REQUIREMENTS
To use the evaluation board and run the software, the requirements
listed in Tabl e 1 must be met.
Table 1. EVAL-AD9957 Requirements
Item Requirement
Operating System Windows® 98/ME/2000/XP
Processor Pentium® I or better
Memory 128 MB or better
Ports One USB port
Clocking
Power Supplies
Measurement
Cables
Signal generator capable of generating
sinusoidal waves of at least 0 dBm power,
up to at least 10 MHz
Capability to generate at least two
independent dc voltages (1.8 V/3.3 V)
Appropriate measurement device, such as a
spectrum analyzer or a high bandwidth
oscilloscope
USB 1.1/2.0 cable, and SMA-to-x cables (x =
SMA or BNC, depending on the connector
of the device interfacing with the board)
SETTING UP THE EVALUATION BOARD
DC Power Supply
The AD9957 evaluation board has two power supply connectors
(four pins each): TB1 and TB2. TB1 powers the USB interface
circuitry, the digital I/O interface, and the digital core. TB2
powers the DAC and the clock input circuitry.
Tabl e 2 shows the necessary connections and the appropriate
biasing voltage for TB1 and TB2.
Table 2. Connections and Biasing Voltage
Connector Pin No. Label Voltage (V)
TB1 1 VCC 3.3
TB1 2 GND 0
TB1 3 DVDD_IO 3.3
TB1 4 DVDD 1.8
TB2 1, 3 GND 0
TB2 2 DAC_VDD 3.3
TB2 4 CLK_VDD 1.8
Device Clock Oscillator Options
The AD9957 architecture provides the user with three options
when providing an input signal to the part. The first option allows
the user to provide a high frequency input signal, connected to J1.
The second option allows the user to connect the part using a
lower input reference frequency, enabling the clock multiplier,
connected through J1. The third option allows the user to
connect a crystal resonator on the backside of the board.
Note that the AD9957 evaluation board does not populate the
PLL loop filter components. Therefore, to use the internal PLL
of the AD9957, the user must solder down these components or
the PLL will not be stable. The AD9957 data sheet has helpful
formulas to calculate the appropriate values. In addition, an
excel file to help choose the loop filter component values is
available on the AD9957 product page. Once on the AD9957
product page, go to the Evaluation Boards & Development Kits >
Evaluation Boards/Tools and click PLL Loop Filter Tool.
To enable the crystal mode, switch the jumper, W7, to the XTAL
mode. Remove C51 and C52. Place 0 resistors at R4 and R11
on the backside of the board. The crystal oscillates at 25 MHz.
Refer to the AD9957 data sheet for details on the maximum
input speeds and input sensitivities of these two inputs.
Device Communication Requirements
Two interface standards are available on the evaluation board:
• USB 1.1/2.0
• A header row (U5 and U9), which places the part under
the control of an external controller (such as a microprocessor,
FPGA, or DSP).
Analog Devices provides a GUI for the PC but does not provide
control software for external controllers.
Use the jumper settings listed in Table 3 to enable different
modes of communication.
Table 3. Jumper Settings for Communication Modes
Mode Settings
PC Control, USB Port
External Control
Set Jumper W1 and Jumper W2 to enable.
Set Jumper W4 to EN.
Place a jumper on W5, W6, and W3.
Set Jumper W1 and Jumper W2 to disable.
Set Jumper W4 to DIS.
Remove the jumper on W5, W6, and W3.
Jumper W1, Jumper W2, and Jumper W4 enable the USB circuitry
to control the AD9957. Jumper W3 controls the EEPROM and
is used in starting up the USB circuitry. Jumper W5 and Jumper
W6 control the signals SDO and SDIO to and from the AD9957.
Rev. A | Page 3 of 32
UG-208 Evaluation Board User Guide
REFERENCE CLOCK INPUT
DAC OUTPUT
MANUAL I/O
CONTROL HEADERS
Figure 2. Evaluation Board Layout
Manual I/O Control Headers
Header connectors (U5, U6, and U9) provide the communication
interface for the AD9957 when the part is under the command of
an external controller (see Table 3 for the correct jumper settings).
Multidevice Synchronous Control
J2, J5, J6, and J7 connections are used to set up the AD9957 for
multidevice synchronous operation.
DAC Output
The J4 connection is the filtered output of the DAC and J3
represents the unfiltered (default) DAC output. To enable the
filtered path, R19 on the PCB must be installed.
Clock Mode Select
Clock mode select controls whether the reference clock source
is a 20 MHz to 30 MHz crystal or an external signal generator.
A 25 MHz crystal is provided on underside of the AD9957
evaluation board.
POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS
07801-002
Reference Clock Input
The reference clock input is the input for the external reference
clock signal.
Power Supply Connections
These two connectors, TB1 and TB2, provide all the necessary
supply voltages needed by the AD9957 and the evaluation board
(see Tabl e 2).
USB Port
When the part is under PC control (default mode), the evaluation
board communicates with the AD9957 via the USB port.
Rev. A | Page 4 of 32
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-208
EVALUATION BOARD SOFTWARE
INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE
Use the following steps to install the AD9957 evaluation software:
1. Log into your PC system with administrative privileges.
2. Uninstall any previous versions of the AD9957 evaluation
software from your PC system.
3. Insert the AD9957 evaluation software CD. Do not connect
the AD9957 evaluation board to the computer until the
AD9957 evaluation software has been installed.
4. Open the Readme.txt file located in the Software folder
before proceeding with the installation of the AD9957
evaluation software.
5. Run the setup.exe file located in the Software folder and
follow the on-screen installation instructions.
INSTALLING THE DRIVER
Once the software has been installed onto your PC, interface the
AD9957 evaluation software to the AD9957 evaluation board
via the USB port (see Figure 2).
In order for the evaluation board and software to communicate
properly, drivers must be loaded onto your PC system. Use the
instructions in the following sections to install these drivers on
your PC system.
Windows 98/ME/2000 Users
1. Power up the AD9957 evaluation board (see Tab le 2).
2. Connect the evaluation board to the computer using a
USB cable via the USB port; the VBUS LED (CR1 on the
AD9957 evaluation board) illuminates.
3. When the USB cable is connected, the Found New
Hardware window appears.
4. Click Finish in the Found New Hardware Wizard when
the install is complete.
After the window has disappeared, the USB status LED (CR2 on
the AD9957 evaluation board) flashes, which indicates that the
evaluation board is connected properly.
Windows XP Users
1. Power up the AD9957 evaluation board (see Tab le 2).
2. Connect the evaluation board to the computer using a USB
cable via the USB port. Then, the VBUS LED (CR1 on the
AD9957 evaluation board) illuminates.
3. When the USB cable is connected, the Found New Hardware
Wizard appears. Click Next to continue. The AD9957
Firmware Loader appears.
4. Click Continue Anyway when the Hardware Installation
warning window appears.
5. Click Finish in the Found New Hardware Wizard when
the install is complete.
6. Click Next when the next Found New Hardware Wizard
appears.
7. Click Continue Anyway when the Hardware Installation
warning window appears.
8. Click Finish in the Found New Hardware Wizard when
the install is complete.
Once this screen has disappeared, the USB status LED (CR2 on
AD9957 evaluation board) should be flashing, indicating that the
evaluation board is properly connected. If the LED does not flash,
verify that all power and USB connections are properly connected.
Installing the Simulator
1. Run Setup.exe in the software MLRT73 installer directory
on the CD.
2. Follow the on screen instructions for installing the simulator.
3. The simulator can be accessed from the AD9957 evaluation
board software. See the Simulator Activation section for
further information.
LAUNCHING THE PROGRAM
Follow these steps to load the AD9957 evaluation software:
1. Before starting the software, make sure that the AD9957
evaluation board is powered up, connected to the computer,
and that the USB status LED is flashing.
2. Click the Start button.
3. Select Programs > AD9957 Eval Software folder, >
AD9957 Eval Software to load the software.
A status message appears. See the Status Messages upon
Loading Software section for more information.
Status Messages upon Loading Software
Once the AD9957 evaluation software has been loaded, a green
splash screen appears. The status box within the splash screen
gives the status of the AD9957 evaluation software. Green writing
in the status box indicates that the software has loaded (see
Figure 3). The status box disappears following a successful load.
A splash screen with red writing in the status box indicates that
the software did not load and that an error occurred. Click
within this box to create a cursor. Scrolling up through the
status box with the cursor indicates why the software did not
load correctly.
Most status message errors are resolved by checking jumper
settings, making sure that the evaluation board is powered up
correctly, and inspecting the USB port and cable connections.
In addition, check that the clock input source is connected and
properly configured.
Rev. A | Page 5 of 32
UG-208 Evaluation Board User Guide
07801-003
Figure 3. Successful Load
Rev. A | Page 6 of 32
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-208
FEATURE WINDOWS
Figure 4. Chip Level Control Window
CONTROL
The Control window provides control of the clock input, clock
multiplier, DAC gain settings, internal I/O update, and power down
functions of the AD9957. The following sections describe the
chip level control window portions as they appear in Figure 4.
Load
The LOAD button is used to send data to the AD9957 device.
All LOAD buttons found in the evaluation software have the
same functionality.
When new data is detected, LOAD flashes orange, indicating
that you need to click LOAD to send the updates to the serial
I/O buffer where they are stored until an I/O update is issued.
The I/O update sends the contents of the serial I/O buffer to
active registers.
07801-004
I/O updates can be sent manually (Manual I/O Update) or
automatically (Auto I/O Update) (see Figure 3). By default, the
AD9957 evaluation software is set to Auto I/O Update. When
LOAD is clicked, an I/O update signal is automatically sent to
the device. If synchronization across channels is desired, use the
Manual I/O Update button. To send an I/O update, uncheck
the Auto I/O Update box at the top of the screen and press the
I/O Update button.
The Show Warnings check box in Figure 4 can be selected
to show when you have entered data that exceeds the specifications of the AD9957.
Rev. A | Page 7 of 32
UG-208 Evaluation Board User Guide
Clock
The Clock section allows you to configure the reference clock
path in the AD9957.
External Clock inputs the operating frequency of the external
reference clock or crystal. The maximum reference clock frequency of the AD9957 is 1 GHz. A red outline indicates that
the value entered is out of range.
The ÷2 Divider Disable checkbox disables the input divider for
the clock path. The maximum frequency of this divider is 2 GHz.
The Enable Multiplier section selects the PLL multiplication
factor (12× to 127×) which is used to scale the input frequency.
The default setting of this box is disabled, indicating that the
reference clock multiplier circuitry is bypassed and the reference clock/crystal input is piped directly to the DDS core.
CP Current selects the charge pump current output of the
PLL in the reference clock multiplier circuitry. Selecting a
higher current output results in the loop locking faster,
but there is a trade-off. Increasing this current output also
increases phase noise.
The VCO Range menu allows you to select the range of operation
for the VCO on the AD9957. The AD9957 evaluation software
automatically determines which range the AD9957 should
operate in. However, if you to run a given frequency in a band
other than the one selected by the software, a warning box
prompts you to confirm this. Note that using a VCO frequency
outside of its specified range may result in undesired operation,
including nonfunctionality. See the AD9957 data sheet for more
information regarding the different VCO bands.
The XTAL Out drop-down menu selects the output drive
strength of the XTAL reference output. There are three drive
strengths: low, middle, and high.
PLL Lock indicates when the PLL is in a valid lock state. If the
PLL loses lock, the indicator light display lights up or turns green.
System Clock displays the operating frequency the DDS core
(system). The value shown here is derived from the values
entered in the External Clock and Multiplier boxes.
Refer to the AD9957 data sheet for more information regarding
clock modes and operation.
AUX DAC Control
The DAC Gain Ctrl drop-down menu controls the auxiliary
DAC setting to select the full-scale output current of the DAC.
See the AD9957 data sheet for more information about DAC
gain setting.
The DAC Iou t box displays the full-scale output current of the DAC.
This number is based on a DAC_RSET resistor value of 10 kΩ.
Rev. A | Page 8 of 32
Operating Mode
The Operating Mode selector allows you to select between
the three operating modes of the AD9957. Quadrature
Modulation is the default setting. This puts the AD9957 into
quadrature digital up-converter (QDUC) mode. QDUC mode
takes digital baseband data and upconverts it to a specified IF
output. Single tone allows you to get a single tone output from
the AD9957. Single tone mode allows you to select a single
output frequency. Interpolating DAC keeps baseband data at
baseband but can change the sample rate of the data. See the
AD9957 data sheet for more information about the different
modes of operation.
Internal I/O Update
The Use Internal IO Update check box sets the I/O update pin
to an output. This output generates an active high pulse when
the internal I/O update occurs. The rate of the internal I/O
update can be programmed through the serial port. See the
AD9957 data sheet for more information.
Modulation Options
The Data Format selection allows you to select the formatting
method of the input data either from Two’s C om pl em en t or
Offset Binary.
The Invert TX Enable check box allows you to invert the polarity
of the TxENABLE signal.
The Enable PDCLK check box allows you to control the PDCLK
functionality.
The Invert PDCLK box allows you to invert the polarity of the
PDCLK signal.
The PDClk = ½ Input Data Rate box allows you to set the
PDCLK signal to ½ of the input data rate.
The Data Assembler Holds Last Value box allows you to choose
between the data assembler, which outputs all zeros or the last
value received when TxENABLE is low.
Activate BFI
Using the Active BFI control allows you to make the AD9957 data
compatible with an Analog Devices, Inc., Blackfin® DSP.
The Bit Order section allows you to specify the input format of
LSB or MSB first.
The Early Frame Sync Enable box changes the BFI compatibility
to late frame or early frame.
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-208
Power Down
The Digital, DAC, Clock Input, and Aux. DAC power-down
controls allow you to power down each of the specific circuit
blocks individually.
Setting the Enable Auto PD box enables the condition when
the TxENABLE pin is Logic 0, the baseband signal processing
chain is flushed of residual data, and the clocks are automatically
stopped. Clocks restart when the TxENABLE pin is a Logic 1.
The enable auto PD bit does nothing when it is cleared.
The External PD Mode section allows you to control which
power-down mode is used in conjunction with the external
power-down pin. The Fast Recovery mode sets the AD9957
into a power-down state that keeps clocks running and bias
circuits active but does not allow the part to output data. This
mode uses significantly more power than Full Power Down
mode. Full Power Down mode stops clocks and powers down
bias circuits. It takes significantly longer to power back up from
power-down state.
The External Power Down Pin button allows you to control the
external power-down pin without having to alter the evaluation
board. See the AD9957 data sheet for more information about
full power-down conditions.
Sync Sample Error
The Sync Sample Error section allows you to enable/disable the
sync sample error detection using the bit provided. If a sync error is
detected, the external flag is set.
Other Controls
The Enable I/O Sync Clock Output Pin box allows you to
enable/disable the output driver for the I/O sync clock output.
The Enable Matched Latency box allows you to align the
application of the frequency tuning word, phase offset word,
and amplitude scale factor at the same time. If this bit is cleared,
then those words are applied at different times.
The Auto Clear Phase Accumulator box sets the DDS phase
accumulator to a reset state when the I/O_UPDATE pin is set
high or when a profile changes.
The Clear Phase Accumulator box holds the DDS phase
accumulator in a reset state as long as the clear phase accumulator
bit is set.
Rev. A | Page 9 of 32
UG-208 Evaluation Board User Guide
PROFILES
Figure 5. Profiles Control Window for QDUC Modulation Mode
PROFILES WINDOWS
The Profiles window allows you to change the different profile
settings easily. Figure 5 to Figure 7 show the profile control
windows for the three operating modes of the AD9957: QDUC
modulation mode, single-tone mode, and interpolating DAC mode.
QDUC Modulation Mode
Output Freq is used to set the frequency generated by the DDS.
This is the IF carrier to which the unconverted modulation data
is applied.
Phase Offset controls the phase of the DDS output. This can be
changed from 0° to 360° with 16-bit resolution.
Output Scale Factor digitally controls the amplitude of the
carrier from the DDS. This scalar has 8-bits of resolution.
07801-005
Note that this can be used in conjunction with DAC Gai n Ctrl
(see Figure 4) to increase the flexibility of the output amplitude.
CCI Interpolation Rate is the upconversion rate through the
cascaded comb integrator (CCI) filters on the AD9957. This can
vary from 1 to 63 using a 6-bit control word. Note that this is
not the only source of interpolation. See the AD9957 data sheet
for more information on interpolation.
Inverse CCI Bypass allows you to enable or disable the inverse
CCI filter. This filter predistorts the data coming into the CCI
section to compensate for a slight attenuation gradient caused
by the CCI filter.
Spectral Inversion allows you to change the orientation of the
modulated signal with respect to the carrier.
Rev. A | Page 10 of 32
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