Analog Devices AD7854CB, AD7854ARS, AD7854AR, AD7854AQ, AD7854SQ Datasheet

3 V to 5 V Single Supply, 200 kSPS

a

FEATURES
Specified for V
Read-Only Operation
AD7854–200 kSPS; AD7854L–100 kSPS
System and Self-Calibration
Low Power

Normal Operation

AD7854: 15 mW (V
AD7854L: 5.5 mW (V

Automatic Power-Down After Conversion (25 ␮W)

AD7854: 1.3 mW 10 kSPS
AD7854L: 650 ␮W 10 kSPS

Flexible Parallel Interface

12-Bit Parallel/8-Bit Parallel (AD7854)

28-Lead DIP, SOIC and SSOP Packages (AD7854)

APPLICATIONS
Battery-Powered Systems (Personal Digital Assistants,

Medical Instruments, Mobile Communications)
Pen Computers
Instrumentation and Control Systems
High Speed Modems

of 3 V to 5.5 V

DD

= 3 V)

DD

DD

= 3 V)

AIN(+)

AIN(–)

REFIN/

REF

C

C

OUT

REF1

REF2

12-Bit Sampling ADCs

AD7854/AD7854L*

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

AV

DD

T/H

2.5V

REFERENCE

BUF

CHARGE

REDISTRIBUTION

DAC

CALIBRATION

MEMORY

AND CONTROLLER

PARALLEL INTERFACE/ CONTROL REGISTER

DB11–DB0

AGND

AD7854/AD7854L

COMP

CS

RD

SAR + ADC

CONTROL

HBEN

WR

DV

DD

DGND

CLKIN

CONVST

BUSY

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD7854/AD7854L is a high speed, low power, 12-bit ADC
that operates from a single 3 V or 5 V power supply, the
AD7854 being optimized for speed and the AD7854L for low
power. The ADC powers up with a set of default conditions at
which time it can be operated as a read-only ADC. The ADC
contains self-calibration and system calibration options to en­sure accurate operation over time and temperature and has a
number of power-down options for low power applications.

The AD7854 is capable of 200 kHz throughput rate while the
AD7854L is capable of 100 kHz throughput rate. The input
track-and-hold acquires a signal in 500 ns and features a pseudo­differential sampling scheme. The AD7854 and AD7854L input
voltage range is 0 to V
centered at V

/2 (bipolar). The coding is straight binary in

REF

(unipolar) and –V

REF

/2 to +V

REF

REF

/2,

unipolar mode and twos complement in bipolar mode. Input
signal range is to the supply and the part is capable of convert­ing full-power signals to 100 kHz.

CMOS construction ensures low power dissipation of typically

5.4 mW for normal operation and 3.6 µW in power-down mode.
The part is available in 28-lead, 0.6 inch wide dual-in-line pack­age (DIP), 28-lead small outline (SOIC) and 28-lead small
shrink outline (SSOP) packages.

*Patent pending.

See Page 27 for data sheet index.

PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS

1. Operation with either 3 V or 5 V power supplies.

2. Flexible power management options including automatic
power-down after conversion. By using the power manage­ment options a superior power performance at slower
throughput rates can be achieved:

AD7854: 1 mW typ @ 10 kSPS
AD7854L: 1 mW typ @ 20 kSPS

3. Operates with reference voltages from 1.2 V to AV

4. Analog input ranges from 0 V to AV

DD

.

DD

.

5. Self-calibration and system calibration.

6. Versatile parallel I/O port.

7. Lower power version AD7854L.

REV. B

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: [phone] World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com
Fax: [phone] © Analog Devices, Inc., 2000

1, 2

AD7854/AD7854L–SPECIFICATIONS

External Reference, f
(AD7854L); TA = T

Parameter A Version1B Version1S Version1Units Test Conditions/Comments

DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE

Signal to Noise + Distortion Ratio370 71 70 dB min Typically SNR is 72 dB
(SNR) VIN = 10 kHz Sine Wave, f

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) –78 –78 –78 dB max VIN = 10 kHz Sine Wave, f

Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise –78 –78 –78 dB max VIN = 10 kHz Sine Wave, f

Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)

Second Order Terms –78 –78 –78 dB typ fa = 9.983 kHz, fb = 10.05 kHz, f

Third Order Terms –78 –78 –78 dB typ fa = 9.983 kHz, fb = 10.05 kHz, f

DC ACCURACY

Resolution 12 12 12 Bits
Integral Nonlinearity ±1 ±0.5 ±1 LSB max 5 V Reference V
Differential Nonlinearity ±1 ±1 ±1 LSB max Guaranteed No Missed Codes to 12 Bits
Unipolar Offset Error ± 3 ±3 ± 4 LSB max

Unipolar Gain Error ±4 ± 4 ±4 LSB max

Bipolar Positive Full-Scale Error ± 4 ±4 ±5 LSB max

Negative Full-Scale Error ±4 ± 4 ±5 LSB max

Bipolar Zero Error ±4 ± 4 ±5 LSB max

ANALOG INPUT

Input Voltage Ranges 0 to V

Leakage Current ±1 ± 1 ±1 µA max
Input Capacitance 20 20 20 pF typ

REFERENCE INPUT/OUTPUT

REFIN Input Voltage Range 2.3/V
Input Impedance 150 150 150 kΩ typ
REF

Output Voltage 2.3/2.75 2.3/2.7 2.3/2.7 V min/max

OUT

REF

Tempco 20 20 20 ppm/°C typ

OUT

LOGIC INPUTS

Input High Voltage, V

Input Low Voltage, V

Input Current, I
Input Capacitance, C

LOGIC OUTPUTS

Output High Voltage, V

= 4 MHz (for L Version: 1.8 MHz (0ⴗC to +70ⴗC) and 1 MHz (–40ⴗC to +85ⴗC)); f

CLKIN

to T

MIN

, unless otherwise noted.) Specifications in () apply to the AD7854L.

MAX

±2 ± 2 ±2 LSB typ

±2 ± 2 ±2 LSB typ

±2 ± 2 ±2 LSB typ

±2 ± 2 ±2 LSB typ

INH

0 to V

REF

2.3/V

REF

/2 ± V

DD

±V

REF

REF

/2 ± V

DD

3 3 3 V min AV

0 to V

REF

2.3/V

DD

2.1 2.1 2.1 V min AV

INL

0.4 0.4 0.4 V max AV

0.6 0.6 0.6 V max AV

IN

4

IN

OH

±10 ± 10 ±10 µA max Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or V
10 10 10 pF max

4 4 4 V min AVDD = DVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V

2.4 2.4 2.4 V min AVDD = DVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V

(AVDD = DVDD = +3.0 V to +5.5 V, REFIN/REF

= 200 kHz (AD7854), 100 kHz

SAMPLE

(L Version: f

(L Version: f

(L Version: f

(L Version: f

(L Version: f

Volts i.e., AIN(+) – AIN(–) = 0 to V

REF

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

DD

biased up but AIN(+) cannot go below AIN(–).

/2 Volts i.e., AIN(+) – AIN(–) = –V

should be biased to +V
AIN(–) but cannot go below 0 V.

V min/max Functional from 1.2 V

= DVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V

DD

= DVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V

DD

= DVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V

DD

= DVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V

DD

I

= 200 µA

SOURCE

SAMPLE

= 100 kHz @ f

SAMPLE

= 100 kHz @ f

SAMPLE

= 100 kHz @ f

= 100 kHz @ f

= 100 kHz @ f

= 5 V

/2 and AIN(+) can go below

REF

REF

/2 to +V

REF

= 200 kHz

= 200 kHz

= 200 kHz

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

DD

= 2.5 V

OUT

= 2 MHz)

CLKIN

= 2 MHz)

CLKIN

= 2 MHz)

CLKIN

= 200 kHz

= 2 MHz)

CLKIN

= 200 kHz

= 2 MHz)

CLKIN

, AIN(–) can be

/2, AIN(–)

REF

Output Low Voltage, V

OL

0.4 0.4 0.4 V max I

= 0.8 mA

SINK

Floating-State Leakage Current ± 10 ±10 ± 10 µA max
Floating-State Output Capacitance410 10 10 pF max
Output Coding Straight (Natural) Binary Unipolar Input Range

Twos Complement Bipolar Input Range

CONVERSION RATE t

CLKIN

× 18
Conversion Time 4.6 (10) 4.6 (9) 4.6 (9) µs max (L Versions Only, 0°C to +70°C, 1.8 MHz CLKIN)
Track/Hold Acquisition Time 0.5 (1) 0.5 (1) 0.5 (1) µs min (L Versions Only, –40°C to +85°C, 1 MHz CLKIN)

–2–

REV. B

AD7854/AD7854L

Parameter A Version1B Version1S Version1Units Test Conditions/Comments

POWER REQUIREMENTS

AV

DD, DVDD

I

DD

Normal Mode

Sleep Mode

5

6

With External Clock On 10 10 10 µA typ Full power-down. Power management bits in control

With External Clock Off 5 5 5 µA max Typically 1 µA. Full power-down. Power management

Normal Mode Power Dissipation 30 (10) 30 (10) 30 (10) mW max V

Sleep Mode Power Dissipation

With External Clock On 55 55 55 µW typ V

With External Clock Off 27.5 27.5 27.5 µW max V

SYSTEM CALIBRATION

Offset Calibration Span
Gain Calibration Span

NOTES

1

Temperature ranges as follows: A, B Versions, –40°C to +85°C; S Version, –55°C to +125°C.

2

Specifications apply after calibration.

3

Not production tested. Guaranteed by characterization at initial product release.

4

Sample tested @ +25°C to ensure compliance.

5

All digital inputs @ DGND except for CONVST @ DVDD. No load on the digital outputs. Analog inputs @ AGND.

6

CLKIN @ DGND when external clock off. All digital inputs @ DGND except for CONVST @ DVDD. No load on the digital outputs. Analog inputs @ AGND.

7

The offset and gain calibration spans are defined as the range of offset and gain errors that the AD7854/AD7854L can calibrate. Note also that these are voltage spans

7

7

and are not absolute voltages (i.e., the allowable system offset voltage presented at AIN(+) for the system offset error to be adjusted out will be AIN(–) ±0.05 × V
and the allowable system full-scale voltage applied between AIN(+) and AIN(–) for the system full-scale voltage error to be adjusted out will be V
(unipolar mode) and V

/2 ± 0.025 × V

REF

Specifications subject to change without notice.

+3.0/+5.5 +3.0/+5.5 +3.0/+5.5 V min/max

5.5 (1.8) 5.5 (1.8) 6 (1.8) mA max AV

= DVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V. Typically 4.5 mA

DD

(1.5 mA);

5.5 (1.8) 5.5 (1.8) 6 (1.8) mA max AV

= DVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V. Typically 4.0 mA

DD

(1.5 mA).

register set as PMGT1 = 1, PMGT0 = 0.

400 400 400 µA typ Partial power-down. Power management bits in

control register set as PMGT1 = 1, PMGT0 = 1.

bits in control register set as PMGT1 = 1,
PMGT0 = 0.

200 200 200 µA typ Partial power-down. Power management bits in

control register set as PMGT1 = 1, PMGT0 = 1.

= 5.5 V: Typically 25 mW (8)

20 (6.5) 20 (6.5) 20 (6.5) mW max V

36 36 36 µW typ V

DD

= 3.6 V: Typically 15 mW (5.4)

DD

= 5.5 V

DD

= 3.6 V

DD

= 5.5 V: Typically 5.5 µW

DD

18 18 18 µW max VDD = 3.6 V: Typically 3.6 µW

+0.05 × V
+0.025 × V

(bipolar mode)). This is explained in more detail in the calibration section of the data sheet.

REF

/–0.05 × V

REF

/–0.025 × V

REF

REF

REF

V max/min Allowable Offset Voltage Span for Calibration
V max/min Allowable Full-Scale Voltage Span for Calibration

± 0.025 × V

REF

REF

REF

,

REV. B

–3–

AD7854/AD7854L

(AV

= DVDD = +3.0 V to +5.5 V; f

DD

1

TIMING SPECIFICATIONS

Limit at T

MIN

, T

TA = T

MAX

MIN

to T

, unless otherwise noted)

MAX

(A, B, S Versions)

Parameter 5 V 3 V Units Description

2

f

CLKIN

500 500 kHz min Master Clock Frequency
4 4 MHz max

3

t

1

t

2

t

CONVERT

1.8 1.8 MHz max L Version
100 100 ns min CONVST Pulsewidth
50 90 ns max CONVST to BUSY ↑ Propagation Delay

4.5 4.5 µs max Conversion Time = 18 t
10 10 µs max L Version 1.8 MHz CLKIN. Conversion Time = 18 t

t

3

t

4

t

5

t

6

t

7

4

t

8

5

t

9

15 15 ns min HBEN to RD Setup Time
5 5 ns min HBEN to RD Hold Time
0 0 ns min CS to RD to Setup Time
0 0 ns min CS to RD Hold Time
55 70 ns min RD Pulsewidth
50 50 ns max Data Access Time After RD
5 5 ns min Bus Relinquish Time After RD
40 40 ns max

t

10

t

11

t

12

t

13

t

14

t

15

t

16

t

17

4

t

18

t

19

t

20

t

21

t

22

t

23

6

t

CAL

6

t

CAL1

6

t

CAL2

NOTES

1

Sample tested at +25°C to ensure compliance. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of VDD) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V.

2

Mark/Space ratio for the master clock input is 40/60 to 60/40.

3

The CONVST pulsewidth here only applies for normal operation. When the part is in power-down mode, a different CONVST pulsewidth applies (see Power-Down
section).

4

Measured with the load circuit of Figure 1 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8 V or 2.4 V.

5

t9 is derived form the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit of Figure 1. The measured number is then extrapolated
back to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the time, t
time of the part and is independent of the bus loading.

6

The typical time specified for the calibration times is for a master clock of 4 MHz. For the L version the calibration times will be longer than those quoted here due to
the 1.8 MHz master clock.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

60 70 ns min Minimum Time Between Reads
0 0 ns min HBEN to WR Setup Time
5 5 ns max HBEN to WR Hold Time
0 0 ns min CS to WR Setup Time
0 0 ns max CS to WR Hold Time
55 70 ns min WR Pulsewidth
10 10 ns min Data Setup Time Before WR
5 5 ns min Data Hold Time After WR
1/2 t

CLKIN

1/2 t

CLKIN

ns min New Data Valid Before Falling Edge of BUSY
50 70 ns min HBEN High Pulse Duration
50 70 ns min HBEN Low Pulse Duration
40 60 ns min Propagation Delay from HBEN Rising Edge to Data Valid
40 60 ns min Propagation Delay from HBEN Falling Edge to Data Valid

2.5 t

CLKIN

2.5 t

CLKIN

ns max CS↑ to BUSY ↑ in Calibration Sequence

31.25 31.25 ms typ Full Self-Calibration Time, Master Clock Dependent (125013

27.78 27.78 ms typ Internal DAC Plus System Full-Scale Cal Time, Master Clock

3.47 3.47 ms typ System Offset Calibration Time, Master Clock Dependent

= 4 MHz for AD7854 and 1.8 MHz for AD7854L;

CLKIN

CLKIN

t

)

CLKIN

Dependent (111124 t

(13889 t

)

CLKIN

, quoted in the timing characteristics is the true bus relinquish

9

CLKIN

)

CLKIN

–4–

REV. B

AD7854/AD7854L

200µA

I

OL

+2.1V

I

OH

TO

OUTPUT

PIN

50pF

1.6mA

C

L

Figure 1. Load Circuit for Digital Output Timing
Specifications

PIN CONFIGURATION

FOR DIP, SOIC AND SSOP

REF

CONVST

/REF

IN

AGND

C

C

AIN(+)

AIN(–)

HBEN

AV

REF1

REF2

WR

RD

CS

OUT

DD

DB0

DB1

1

2

3

4

5

AD7854

6

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

BUSY

CLKIN

DB11

DB10

DB9

DGND

DV

DD

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB3

DB2

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

1

(TA = +25°C unless otherwise noted)

AVDD to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V

DV

to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V

DD

to DVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +0.3 V

AV

DD

Analog Input Voltage to AGND . . . . –0.3 V to AV

Digital Input Voltage to DGND . . . . –0.3 V to DV

Digital Output Voltage to DGND . . . –0.3 V to DV
REF

/REF

IN

Input Current to Any Pin Except Supplies

to AGND . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V

OUT

2

. . . . . . . . . ± 10 mA

+ 0.3 V

DD

+ 0.3 V

DD

+ 0.3 V

DD

Operating Temperature Range

Commercial (A, B Versions) . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C

Commercial (S Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C

Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C

Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C

Cerdip Package, Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 mW

Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75°C/W

θ

JA

Lead Temperature, (Soldering, 10 secs) . . . . . . . . . +300°C

SOIC, SSOP Package, Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . 450 mW

Thermal Impedance . . . 75°C/W (SOIC) 115°C/W (SSOP)

θ

JA

θ

Thermal Impedance . . . 25°C/W (SOIC) 35°C/W (SSOP)

JC

Lead Temperature, Soldering

Vapor Phase (60 secs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +215°C

Infrared (15 secs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +220°C

NOTES

1

Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-

nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

2

Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latchup.

ORDERING GUIDE

Linearity Power

Temperature Error Dissipation Package

Model Range

1

(LSB) (mW) Option

2

AD7854AQ –40°C to +85°C 1 15 Q-28
AD7854SQ –55°C to +125°C 1 15 Q-28
AD7854AR –40°C to +85°C 1 15 R-28
AD7854BR –40°C to +85°C 1/2 15 R-28
AD7854ARS –40°C to +85°C 1 15 RS-28
AD7854LAQ
AD7854LAR
AD7854LARS
EVAL-AD7854CB
EVAL-CONTROL BOARD

NOTES

1

Linearity error refers to the integral linearity error.

2

Q = Cerdip; R = SOIC; RS = SSOP.

3

L signifies the low power version.

4

This can be used as a stand-alone evaluation board or in conjunction with the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD for
evaluation/demonstration purposes.

5

This board is a complete unit allowing a PC to control and communicate with all Analog Devices evaluation boards
ending in the CB designator. For more information on Analog Devices products and evaluation boards visit our
World Wide Web home page at http://www.analog.com.

3

3

3

4

–40°C to +85°C 1 5.5 Q-28
–40°C to +85°C 1 5.5 R-28
–40°C to +85°C 1 5.5 RS-28

5

REV. B

–5–

AD7854/AD7854L

PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

Pin Mnemonic Description

1 CONVST Convert Start. Logic input. A low to high transition on this input puts the track/hold into its hold

mode and starts conversion. When this input is not used, it should be tied to DV

2 WR Write Input. Active low logic input. Used in conjunction with CS and HBEN to write to internal registers.
3 RD Read Input. Active low logic input. Used in conjunction with CS and HBEN to read from internal

registers.

4 CS Chip Select Input. Active low logic input. The device is selected when this input is active.

5 REF

/ Reference Input/Output. This pin is connected to the internal reference through a series resistor and is the

IN

REF

OUT

reference source for the analog-to-digital converter. The nominal reference voltage is 2.5 V and this appears
at the pin. This pin can be overdriven by an external reference and can be taken as high as AV

6AV

DD

this pin is tied to AV

Analog Positive Supply Voltage, +3.0 V to +5.5 V.

, then the C

DD

pin should also be tied to AVDD.

REF1

7 AGND Analog Ground. Ground reference for track/hold, reference and DAC.

8C

REF1

Reference Capacitor (0.1 µF multilayer ceramic). This external capacitor is used as a charge source for the
internal DAC. The capacitor should be tied between the pin and AGND.

9C

REF2

Reference Capacitor (0.01 µF ceramic disc). This external capacitor is used in conjunction with the on-chip
reference. The capacitor should be tied between the pin and AGND.

10 AIN(+) Analog Input. Positive input of the pseudo-differential analog input. Cannot go below AGND or above

AV

at any time, and cannot go below AIN(–) when the unipolar input range is selected.

DD

11 AIN(–) Analog Input. Negative input of the pseudo-differential analog input. Cannot go below AGND or above

at any time.

AV

DD

12 HBEN High Byte Enable Input. The AD7854 operates in byte mode only but outputs 12 bits of data during a read

cycle with HBEN low. When HBEN is high, then the high byte of data that is written to or read from the
part is on DB0 to DB7. When HBEN is low, then the lowest byte of data being written to the part is on
DB0 to DB7. If reading from the part with HBEN low, then the lowest 12 bits of data appear on pins DB0
to DB11. This allows a single read from the ADC or from the control register in a 16-bit bus system.
However, two reads are needed to access the calibration registers. Also, two writes are necessary to write to
any of the registers.

DD

.

. When

DD

13–21 DB0–DB8 Data Bits 0 to 8. Three state data I/O pins that are controlled by CS, RD, WR and HBEN. Data output is

straight binary (unipolar mode) or twos complement (bipolar mode).

22 DV

DD

Digital Supply Voltage, +3.0 V to +5.5 V.

23 DGND Digital Ground. Ground reference point for digital circuitry.
24–26 DB9–DB11 Data Bits 9 to 11. Three state data output pins that are controlled by CS, RD and HBEN. Data output is

straight binary (unipolar mode) or twos complement (bipolar mode). These output pins should be tied to

via 100 kΩ resistors when the AD7854/AD7854L is being interfaced to an 8-bit data bus.

DV

DD

27 CLKIN Master Clock Signal for the device (4 MHz for AD7854, 1.8 MHz for AD7854L). Sets the conversion and

calibration times.

28 BUSY Busy Output. The busy output is triggered high by the falling edge of CONVST and remains high until

conversion is completed. BUSY is also used to indicate when the AD7854/AD7854L has completed its on­chip calibration sequence.

–6–

REV. B

AD7854/AD7854L

TERMINOLOGY
Integral Nonlinearity

This is the maximum deviation from a straight line passing
through the endpoints of the ADC transfer function. The end­points of the transfer function are zero scale, a point 1/2 LSB
below the first code transition, and full scale, a point 1/2 LSB
above the last code transition.

Differential Nonlinearity

This is the difference between the measured and the ideal 1 LSB
change between any two adjacent codes in the ADC.

Unipolar Offset Error

This is the deviation of the first code transition (00 . . . 000 to
00 . . . 001) from the ideal AIN(+) voltage (AIN(–) + 1/2 LSB)
when operating in the unipolar mode.

Unipolar Gain Error

This is the deviation of the last code transition (111 . . . 110 to
111 . . . 111) from the ideal, i.e., AIN(–) +V

/2 – 1.5 LSB,

REF

after the unipolar offset error has been adjusted out.

Bipolar Positive Full-Scale Error

This applies to the bipolar modes only and is the deviation of the
last code transition from the ideal AIN(+) voltage. For bipolar
mode, the ideal AIN(+) voltage is (AIN(–) +V

/2 – 1.5 LSB).

REF

Negative Full-Scale Error

This applies to the bipolar mode only and is the deviation of the
first code transition (10 . . . 000 to 10 . . . 001) from the ideal
AIN(+) voltage (AIN(–) – V

/2 + 0.5 LSB).

REF

Bipolar Zero Error

This is the deviation of the midscale transition (all 0s to all 1s)
from the ideal AIN(+) voltage (AIN(–) – 1/2 LSB).

Track/Hold Acquisition Time

The track/hold amplifier returns into track mode and the end of
conversion. Track/Hold acquisition time is the time required for
the output of the track/hold amplifier to reach its final value,
within ±1/2 LSB, after the end of conversion.

Signal to (Noise + Distortion) Ratio

This is the measured ratio of signal to (noise + distortion) at the
output of the A/D converter. The signal is the rms amplitude of
the fundamental. Noise is the sum of all nonfundamental sig­nals up to half the sampling frequency (f

/2), excluding dc. The

S

ratio is dependent on the number of quantization levels in the
digitization process; the more levels, the smaller the quantiza­tion noise. The theoretical signal to (noise + distortion) ratio for
an ideal N-bit converter with a sine wave input is given by:

Signal to (Noise + Distortion) = (6.02 N + 1.76) dB

Thus for a 12-bit converter, this is 74 dB.

Total Harmonic Distortion

Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the rms sum of
harmonics to the fundamental. For the AD7854/AD7854L, it is
defined as:

2

2

2

2

2

+V

5

)

6

THD (dB ) = 20log

(V

+V

+V

2

3

+V

4

V

1

where V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and V2, V3,

, V5 and V6 are the rms amplitudes of the second through the

V

4

sixth harmonics.

Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise

Peak harmonic or spurious noise is defined as the ratio of the
rms value of the next largest component in the ADC output
spectrum (up to f

/2 and excluding dc) to the rms value of the

S

fundamental. Normally, the value of this specification is deter­mined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum, but for ADCs
where the harmonics are buried in the noise floor, it will be a
noise peak.

Intermodulation Distortion

With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and
fb, any active device with nonlinearities will create distortion
products at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb where
m, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. Intermodulation distortion terms are
those for which neither m nor n are equal to zero. For example,
the second order terms include (fa + fb) and (fa – fb), while the
third order terms include (2fa + fb), (2fa – fb), (fa + 2fb) and
(fa – 2fb).

Testing is performed using the CCIF standard where two input
frequencies near the top end of the input bandwidth are used. In
this case, the second order terms are usually distanced in fre­quency from the original sine waves while the third order terms
are usually at a frequency close to the input frequencies. As a
result, the second and third order terms are specified separately.
The calculation of the intermodulation distortion is as per the
THD specification where it is the ratio of the rms sum of the
individual distortion products to the rms amplitude of the sum
of the fundamentals expressed in dBs.

REV. B

–7–

AD7854/AD7854L

AD7854/AD7854L ON-CHIP REGISTERS

The AD7854/AD7854L powers up with a set of default conditions, and the user need not ever write to the device. In this case the
AD7854/AD7854L will operate as a read-only ADC. The WR pin should be tied to DV
read-only ADC.

Extra features and flexibility such as performing different power-down options, different types of calibrations including system cali­bration, and software conversion start can be selected by writing to the part.

The AD7854/AD7854L contains a control register, ADC output data register, status register, test register and 10 calibra-
tion registers. The control register is write-only, the ADC output data register and the status register are read-only, and the test and
calibration registers are both read/write registers. The test register is used for testing the part and should not be written to.

Addressing the On-Chip Registers

Writing

To write to the AD7854/AD7854L, a 16-bit word of data must be transferred. This transfer consists of two 8-bit writes. The first
8 bits of data that are written must consist of the 8 LSBs of the 16-bit word and the second 8 bits that are written must consist of the
8 MSBs of the 16-bit word. For each of these 8-bit writes, the data is placed on Pins DB0 to DB7, Pin DB0 being the LSB of each
transfer and Pin DB7 being the MSB of each transfer. The two MSBs of the 16-bit word, ADDR1 and ADDR0, are decoded to
determine which register is addressed, and the 14 LSBs are written to the addressed register. Table I shows the decoding of the
address bits, while Figure 2 shows the overall write register hierarchy.

Table I. Write Register Addressing

ADDR1 ADDR0 Comment

0 0 This combination does not address any register.
0 1 This combination addresses the TEST REGISTER. The 14 LSBs of data are written to the test register.
1 0 This combination addresses the CALIBRATION REGISTER. The 14 least significant data bits are writ-

ten to the selected calibration register.

1 1 This combination addresses the CONTROL REGISTER. The 14 least significant data bits are written to

the control register.

for operating the AD7854/AD7854L as a

DD

Reading

To read from the various registers the user must first write to Bits 6 and 7 in the Control Register, RDSLT0 and RDSLT1. These
bits are decoded to determine which register is addressed during a read operation. Table II shows the decoding of the read address
bits while Figure 3 shows the overall read register hierarchy. The power-up status of these bits is 00 so that the default read will be
from the ADC output data register. Note: when reading from the calibration registers, the low byte must always be read first.

Once the read selection bits are set in the control register all subsequent read operations that follow are from the selected register
until the read selection bits are changed in the control register.

Table II. Read Register Addressing

RDSLT1 RDSLT0 Comment

0 0 All successive read operations are from the ADC OUTPUT DATA REGISTER. This is the default power-

up setting. There is always four leading zeros when reading from the ADC output data register.
0 1 All successive read operations are from the TEST REGISTER.
1 0 All successive read operations are from the CALIBRATION REGISTERS.
1 1 All successive read operations are from the STATUS REGISTER.

ADDR1, ADDR0

DECODE

01 10 11

TEST

REGISTER

GAIN(1)

OFFSET(1)

DAC(8)

CALIBRATION

REGISTERS

GAIN(1)

OFFSET(1)

OFFSET(1) GAIN(1)

CONTROL

REGISTER

00

ADC OUTPUT

DATA REGISTER

01 10 11

TEST

REGISTER

GAIN(1)

OFFSET(1)

DAC(8)

RDSLT1, RDSLT0

DECODE

CALIBRATION

REGISTERS

GAIN(1)

OFFSET(1)

CONTROL
REGISTER

OFFSET(1) GAIN(1)

CALSLT1, CALSLT0

DECODE

00 01 10 11

Figure 2. Write Register Hierarchy/Address Decoding

CALSLT1, CALSLT0

DECODE

00 01 10 11

Figure 3. Read Register Hierarchy/Address Decoding

–8–

REV. B

AD7854/AD7854L

CONTROL REGISTER

The arrangement of the control register is shown below. The control register is a write only register and contains 14 bits of data. The
control register is selected by putting two 1s in ADDR1 and ADDR0. The function of the bits in the control register is described
below. The power-up status of all bits is 0.

MSB

ZERO ZERO ZERO ZERO PMGT1 PMGT0 RDSLT1

RDSLT0 AMODE CONVST CALMD CALSLT1 CALSLT0 STCAL

LSB

Control Register Bit Function Description

Bit Mnemonic Comment

13 ZERO These four bits must be set to 0 when writing to the control register.
12 ZERO
11 ZERO
10 ZERO

9 PMGT1 Power Management Bits. These two bits are used for putting the part into various power-down modes
8 PMGT0 (See Power-Down section for more details).

7 RDSLT1 Theses two bits determine which register is addressed for the read operations. See Table II.
6 RDSLT0

5 AMODE Analog Mode Bit. This pin allows two different analog input ranges to be selected. A logic 0 in this bit

position selects range 0 to V
below AIN(–) and AIN(–) cannot go below AGND and data coding is straight binary. A logic 1 in this
bit position selects range –V
cannot go below AGND, so for this range, AIN(–) needs to be biased to at least +V
AIN(+) to go as low as AIN(–) –V

4 CONVST Conversion Start Bit. A logic one in this bit position starts a single conversion, and this bit is automati-

cally reset to 0 at the end of conversion. This bit may also used in conjunction with system calibration
(see Calibration section).

3 CALMD Calibration Mode Bit. A 0 here selects self-calibration and a 1 selects a system calibration (see Table III).

2 CALSLT1 Calibration Selection Bits and Start Calibration Bit. These bits have two functions.
1 CALSLT0 With the STCAL bit set to 1, the CALSLT1 and CALSLT0 bits determine the type of calibration per­0 STCAL formed by the part (see Table III). The STCAL bit is automatically reset to 0 at the end of calibration.

With the STCAL bit set to 0, the CALSLT1 and CALSLT0 bits are decoded to address the calibration
register for read/write of calibration coefficients (see section on the calibration registers for more details).

(i.e., AIN(+) – AIN(–) = 0 to V

REF

/2 to +V

REF

REF

/2 (i.e., AIN(+) – AIN(–) = –V

REF

/2 V. Data coding is twos complement for this range.

). In this range AIN(+) cannot go

REF

REF

/2 to +V

/2). AIN(+)

REF

/2 to allow

REF

Table III. Calibration Selection

CALMD CALSLT1 CALSLT0 Calibration Type

00 0 A full internal calibration is initiated. First the internal DAC is calibrated, then the

internal gain error and finally the internal offset error are removed. This is the default setting.

0 0 1 First the internal gain error is removed, then the internal offset error is removed.

0 1 0 The internal offset error only is calibrated out.

0 1 1 The internal gain error only is calibrated out.

10 0 A full system calibration is initiated. First the internal DAC is calibrated, followed by the

system gain error calibration, and finally the system offset error calibration.

1 0 1 First the system gain error is calibrated out followed by the system offset error.

1 1 0 The system offset error only is removed.

1 1 1 The system gain error only is removed.

REV. B

–9–