! Note: All spesifications are subject to change without notice or obligation.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONDR-135
1) Receiver System
The receiver system is a double superheterodyne system with a 21.7MHz first IF and a 450kHz second IF.
1. Front End
The received signal at any frequency in the 136.000MHz to 173.995MHz r ange
is passed through the low-pass filter (L116, L115, L114, L113, C204, C203,
C202, C216 and C215) and tuning circuit (L105, L104 and D105, D104), and
amplified by the RF amplifier (Q107). The signal from Q107 is then passed
through the tuning circuit (L103, L102, and varicaps D103 and D102) and converted into 21.7MHz by the mixer (Q106). The tuning circuit, which consists of
L105, L104, varicaps D105 and D104, L103, L102, varicaps D103 and D102,
is controlled by the tracking voltage form the VCO. The local signal from the
VCO is passed through the buffer (IC112), and supplied to the source of the
mixer (Q106). The radio uses the lower side of the superheterodyne system.
2. IF Circuit
The mixer mixes the received signal with the local signal to obtain the sum of
and difference between them. The crystal filter (XF102, XF101) selects 21.7MHz
frequency from the results and eliminates the signals of the unwanted frequencies. The first IF amplifier (Q105) then amplifies the signal of the selected frequency.
3. Demodulator Circuit
4. Audio Circuit
After the signal is amplified by the first IF amplifier (Q105), it is input to pin 24 of
the demodulator IC (IC108). The second local signal of 21.25MHz (shared with
PLL IC reference oscillation), which is oscillated by the internal oscillation circuit in IC116 and crystal (X103), is input through pin 1 of IC108. Then, these
two signals are mixed b y the internal mixer in IC108 and the result is conv erted
into the second IF signal with a frequency of 450kHz. The second IF signal is
output from pin 3 of IC108 to the ceramic filter (FL101 or FL102), where the
unwanted frequency band of that signal is eliminated, and the resulting signal
is sent back to the IC108 through pins 5.
The second IF signal input via pin 5 is demodulated by the internal limiter
amplifier and quadrature detection circuit in IC108, and output as an audio
signal through pin 12.
The audio signal from pin 12 of IC108 is amplified by the audio amplifier
(IC104:A),and switched by the signal s witch IC (IC111) and then input it to the
de-emphasis circuit.
and is compensated to the audio frequency characteristics in the de-emphasis
circuit (R203, R207, R213, R209, C191, C218, C217) and amplified by the AF
amplifier (IC104:D). The signal is then input to volume (VR1) . The adjusted
signal is sent to the audio power amplifier (IC117) through pin 1 to drive the
speaker.
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5. Squelch Circuit
The detected output which is outputted from the pin 12 of IC108 is inputted to
pin 19 of IC108 after it was been amplified by IC104:A and it is outputted from
pin 20 after the noise component was been eliminated from the composed
band pass filter in the built in amplifier of the IC, then the signal is rectified b y
D106 to convert into DC component. The adjusted voltage level at VR101 is
delivered to the comparator of the CPU .
The voltage is led to pin 2 of CPU and compared with the setting voltage . The
squelch will open if the input voltage is low er than the setting v oltage.
During open squelch, pin 30 (SQC) of the CPU becomes “L” le vel, AF control
signal is being controlled and sounds is outputted from the speaker .)
6. AIR Band Reception (T only)
When the frequency is within 118 ~ 135.995MHz, Q110 automatically turns
ON, pin 14 of IC108 becomes “L” le v el and the condition becomes in AM detection mode.
The receiver signal passed through the duplexer is let to the antenna switch
(D107, D101). After passing through the band-pass filter, the signal is amplified
by RF amplifier Q112. Secondly the signal is mix ed with the signal from the first
local oscillator in the first-mixer Q106, then conver ted into the first IF. Its unwanted signal is let to IC106, pin24. Then converted into the second IF. and is
demodulated by AM decoder of IC106,and is output from pin13 as the AF
signal.
7. WIDE/NARRO W switching circuit
The 2nd IF 450 kHz signal which passes through filter FL101 (wide) and FL102
(narrow) during narrow, changes its width using the width control switching
IC103 and IC102.
2) Transmitter System
1. Modulator Circuit
The audio signal is converted to an electric signal by the microphone, and input
it to the microphone amplifier (Q6). Amplified signal which passes through
mic-mute control IC109 is adjusted to an appropriate mic-volume b y means of
mic-gain adjust VR106.
IC114:A and B consists of two operational amplifiers; one amplifier (pins 1, 2,
and 3) is composed of pre-emphasis and IDC circuits and the other (pins 5, 6,
and 7) is composed of a splatter filter. The maximum frequency deviation is
obtained by VR107. and input to the signal switch (IC113) (9600 bps packet
signal input switch) and input to the cathode of the varicap of the VCO, to
change the electric capacity in the oscillation circuit. This produces the frequency modulation.
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2. Po wer Amplifier Cir cuit
The transmitted signal is oscillated by the VCO , amplified by the drive amplifier
(IC112) and younger amplifier (Q115), and input to the final power module
(IC110). The signal is then amplified by the final po wer module (IC110) and led
to the antenna switch (D110) and low-pass filter (L113, L114, L115, L116,
C215, C216, C202, C203 and C204), where unwanted high harmonic wav es
are reduced as needed, and the resulting signal is supplied to the antenna.
3. APC Circuit
Part of the transmission power from the lo w-pass filter is detected by D111 and
D112, converted to DC. The detection voltage is passed through the APC circuit (Q118, Q117, Q116), then it controls the APC voltage supplied to the younger
amplifier Q115 and the final power module IC110 to fix the transmission pow er.
3) PLL Synthesizer Circuit
1. PLL
The dividing ratio is obtained by sending data from the CPU (IC1) to pin 2 and
sending clock pulses to pin 3 of the PLL IC (IC116). The oscillated signal from
the VCO is amplified by the buffer (Q134 and Q135) and input to pin 15 of
IC116. Each programmab le divider in IC116 divides the frequency of the input
signal by N according to the frequency data, to generate a comparison frequency of 5 or 6.25kHz.
2. Reference Frequency Circuit
The reference frequency appropriate for the channel steps is obtained by dividing the 21.25MHz reference oscillation (X103) by 4250 or 3400, according to
the data from the CPU (IC1). When the resulting frequency is 5kHz, channel
steps of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 50kHz are used. When it is 6.25kHz, the
12.5kHz channel step is used.
3. Phase Comparator Circuit
The PLL (IC116) uses the reference frequency, 5 or 6.25kHz. The phase comparator in the IC116 compares the phase of the frequency from the VCO with
that of the comparison frequency , 5 or 6.25kHz, which is obtained b y the internal divider in IC116.
4. PLL Loop Filter Circuit
If a phase difference is f ound in the phase comparison between the ref erence
frequency and VCO output frequency , the charge pump output (pin 13) of IC116
generates a pulse signal, which is converted to DC voltage by the PLL loop
filter and input to the varicap of the VCO unit for oscillation frequency control.
5. VCO Circuit
A Colpitts oscillation circuit driven by Q131 directly oscillates the desired frequency. The frequency control voltage determined in the CPU (IC1) and PLL
circuit is input to the varicaps (D122 and D123). This change the oscillation
frequency, which is amplified by the VCO buffer (Q134) and output from the
VCO area.
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6. VCO Shift Circuit
During transmission or the AIR band Reception (118 ~ 136 MHz), the VCO
shift circuit turns ON Q138, change control the capacitance of L123 and safely
oscillates the VCO by means of H signal from pin 16 of IC116.)
4) CPU and Peripheral Circuits
1. LCD Display Circuit
The CPU turns ON the LCD via segment and common terminals with 1/4 the
duty and 1/3 the bias, at the frame frequency is 64Hz.
2. Dimmer Circuit
The dimmer circuit makes the output of pin 13 of CPU (IC1) into “H” le v el at set
mode, so that Q9 and Q3 will turn ON to make the lamp control resistor R84
short and make its illumination bright. But on the other hand, if the dimmer
circuit makes pin 13 into “L” level, Q9 and Q3 will turn OFF, R84’s illumination
will become dimmer as its hang on voltage f alls down in the working LED (D11,
D2, D5, D3 and D6).
3. Reset and Backup
When the power f orm the DC cable increases from Circuits 0 V to 2.5 or more,
“H” level reset signal is output form the reset IC (IC4) to pin 33 of the CPU
(IC1), causing the CPU to reset. The reset signal, however, waits at 100, and
does not enter the CPU until the CPU clock (X1) has stabilized.
4. S(Signal) Meter Circuit
5. DTMF Encoder
6. Tone Encoder
7. DCS Encoder
The DC potential of pin 16 of IC106 is input to pin 1 of the CPU (IC1), converted
from an analog to a digital signal, and displayed as the S-meter signal on the
LCD.
The CPU (IC1) is equipped with an internal DTMF encoder. The DTMF signal
is output from pin 10, through R35, R34 and R261 (for level adjustment), and
then through the microphone amplifier (IC114:A), and is sent to the varicap of
the VCO f or modulation. At the same time, the monitoring tone passes through
the AF circuit and is output form the speaker .
The CPU (IC1) is equipped with an internal tone encoder.The tone signal (67.0
to 250.3Hz) is output from pin 9 of the CPU to the varicap (D122 and D123) of
the VCO for modulation.
The CPU (IC1) is equipped with an internal DCS code encoder. The code (023
to 754) is output from pin 9 of the CPU to the varicap (D124) of the PLL reference oscillator. When DCS is ON, DCS MUTE circuit (Q126-ON, Q133-ON,
Q132-OFF) works. The modulation activates in X103 side only.
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8. CTCSS, DCS Decoder
The voice band of the AF output signal from pin 1 of IC104:A is cut by sharp
active filter IC104:B and C (VCVS) and amplified, then led to pin 4 of CPU . The
input signal is compared with the programmed tone frequency code in the
CPU. The squelch will open when they match. During DCS, Q108 is ON, C156
is working and cut off frequency is lowered.
5) Power Supply Circuit
When power supply is ON, there is a “L” signal being inputted to pin 39 (PSW) of CPU which enables the CPU to work.
Then, “H” signal is outputted from the pin 41 (C5C) of CPU and drives ON the power supply switch control Q8 and Q7
which turns the 5VS ON.
5VS turns ON the PLL IC116, main power supply switch Q127 and Q122, AF PO WER IC117 and the 8 V of AVR (IC115).
During reception, pin 29 (R5) of CPU outputs “H” level, Q124 is ON, and the reception circuits supplied by 8 V.
While during transmission, pin 28 (T5) of CPU outputs “L” level which is re verse by Q11 so that the output in Q128 will be
“H” level, Q123 is ON, and the transmission circuit is supplied by 8 V.
Or, in the case when the condition of PLL is UNLOCK, “H” level is outputted from pin 14 of IC106, UNLOCK switch Q129
is ON, transmission switch Q128 is OFF which makes the transmission to stop.
1. ACC External Power Supply Terminal
When optional power supply cord DEC-37 etc. is connected to the external
power supply terminal JK101, with ACC power supply ON, switch Q101 will
turn ON, 5 V of AVR IC101 pin 2 (STB) becomes “L” which mak es C5V to turn
ON. With this, it can turn the power supply of the radio ON.
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6) M3826M8L***GP (XA0795)
CPU
Terminal Connection
(TOP VIEW)
8
No.Pin Name Function I/O PULogicDescript ion
1P67/AN7SMTI-A/DS-meter input
2P66/AN6SQLI-A/DNoise level input f or squelch
3P65/AN5BATI-A/DBattery voltage input
4P64/AN4TINI-A/DCTCSS tone input/DSC code input
5 P63/SCLK22/AN3BP1I-A/DBand plan 1
6 P62/SCLK21/AN2BP2I-A/DBand plan 2
7P61/SOUT2/AN1DCSWO-Activ highDCS signal mute
8P60/SIN2/AN0RE2I-Activ lowRotary encoder input
9P57/ADT/DA2T OUTO-D/ACTCSS tone output/DCS tone output
10P56/DA1DOUTO-D/ADTMF output
11P55/CNTR1SCLO-PulseSerial clock for EEPROM
12P54/CNTR0TBSTO-PulseTone burst output
13P53/RTP1BP4I--Band plan 4
14P52/RTP0MUTEI/O-Activ lowMicrophone mute/Security alarm SW
15P51/PWM3CLKO-PulseSerial clock output for PLL,scr amble
16P50/PWMDATAI/O-Pulse
17P47/SR OY1TSTBI/O-Activ low/Pulse
Serial data output for PLL scramble/PLL unlock signal input
Trunking board detection / Strobe signal to trunking board
18P46/SCLK1STBO-PulseStrobe for PLL IC
19P45/TXDUTXO-PulseUART data transmission output
20P44/RXDRTXI-PulseUART data reception output
21P43/
/TOUTBEEPI/O-Pulse/Activ low Beep tone/Band plan 3
22P42I/NT2SECI-Activ highSecurity voltage input
23P41/INT1RE1I-Activ lowRotary encoder input
24P40DSQI-Activ highDigital squelch input
25P77PTTI-Activ lowPTT input
26P7SSTBO-Pulse/Activ low Strobe signal to scramble IC/Security mode
27P75W/NO-Activ lowWide Narrow SW
28P74T5O-Activ lowTX power ON/OFF output
29P73R5O-Activ highRX power ON/OFF output
30P72SQCO-Activ lowSQL ON/OFF
31P71C/SO-Activ lowDigital scramble ON/OFF
32P70/INTOBUI-Activ lowBackup signal detection input
33RESETRESETI-Activ lowReset input
34XcinXcin---35XcoutXcout---36XinXin---Main clock input
37XoutXout---Main clock output
38VssGND---CPU GND
39P27PSWI-Avtiv lowPower switch input
40P26SDAO-PulseSerial data for EEPROM
41P25C5CO-Activ highC5V power ON/OFF output
42P24AIRO-Activ highAir band SW / Tx middle power
43P23LOWO-Activ highTx low power
44P22EXPO-Activ highTrunking data SW
45P21SW6IActiv lo wKey sw6 (SQL)
46P20SW5IActiv lo wKey sw5 (CALL)
47P17SW4IActiv lowKey sw4 (TSQ)
48P16SW3IActiv lowKey sw3 (MHz)
49P15/SEG39SW2IActiv lowKey sw2 (V/M)
50P14/SEG38SW1IActiv lowKey sw1 (FUNC)
51P13/SEG37DOWNIActiv lowMic down input
52P12/SEG36DUDI--Digital unit detect
53P11/SEG35SCRIActive lowScramble IC ready signal/Packet PTT
54P10/SEG34UPIActive lowMic down input
55P07/SEG33S33O--LCD segment signal
Parameter Symbol Ratings Unit
Supply voltage Vcc max 10.0 V
Power dissipation Pd 400 mV
Storage temperature Tstg -55~+150
Operating temperature Top -30~+75
Operating voltage Vop 2.5~8.5 V
Operating frequency fop ~60 MHz
ParameterSymbol
Ratings
MinTypicalMax
UnitCondition
Ta=25 Vcc=3V
Supply Current 1lcc1 6.8 8.9 mA No signal, AM ON
Supply Current 2lcc2 3.9 5.3 mA No signal, AM OFF
Mixer Coversion GainMg 20 dB
Mixer Input ImpedanceMz 3.6 K
DC Test
FM
Limiting Sensitivity Limit 2.0 8.0
V -3.0dB
Output Voltage Vo1 85 150 230 mVrms 10mVin +/-3kHz DEV
Distortion THD1 1.0 2.0 % 10mVin +/-3kHz DEV
Output Impedance Zo 800
10mVin
Filter Gain Gf 30 38 dB Fin=30kHz, Vo=100mV
Scan Control Hi Voltage SH 2.3 V Squelch input=2.5V
Scan Control Low Voltage SL 0.3 V Squelch input=0V
Squelch Hysteresis Hys 30 mV
S meter Output Voltage S0 0.05 0.5 V Vin=0mV, RS=68k
S meter Output Voltage S1 0.05 0.5 0.9 V Vin=0.01mV, RS=68k
S meter Output Voltage S2 0.7 1.2 1.7 V Vin=0.1mV, RS=68k
S meter Output Voltage S3 1.2 1.8 2.5 V Vin=1mV, RS=68k
S meter Output Voltage S4 1.6 2.3 2.9 V Vin=10mV, RS=68k
S meter Output Voltage S5 1.8 2.4 2.9 V Vin=100mV, RS=68k
AM
Sensitivity US 20 15
required input level to get
V
20mV rms output
Output Voltage Vo2 60 120 160 mVrms 1kHz, 30%, Vin=1mV
Distortion-1 THD2 1.0 2.0 % 1kHz, 30%, Vin=1mV
Distortion-2 THD3 2.0 4.0 % 1kHz, 30%, Vin=1mV
S/N S/N 40 48 dB 1kHz, 30%, Vin=1mV
AM OFF Vo -0.3 0.3 %
AF OUTPUT (FM)
8.2K
0.01
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