GPS 1600
Operator’s Manual
PN 2006346 Rev A
COPYRIGHT © 2013
AG LEADER TECHNOLOGY
Ames, Iowa
All Rights Reserved
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Table of Contents
T
ABLE
Introduction
Key Features ............................................................................................................1
Parts List...................................................................................................................1
Product Support........................................................................................................1
Installation
Ports and Connections .............................................................................................2
Communication.........................................................................................................2
Radar-Simulated Pulse Output ...........................................................................2
Mounting the Receiver..............................................................................................2
Selecting the Proper Antenna Location...............................................................2
Routing and Securing the Cables .......................................................................3
Mounting Options ................................................................................................3
Magnetic Mount .............................................................................................3
Surface Mount ...............................................................................................3
Pole Mount.....................................................................................................4
Powering the Receiver .............................................................................................4
Power Considerations.........................................................................................4
Connecting to a Power Source ...........................................................................4
Connecting to External Devices ...............................................................................4
Default Parameters...................................................................................................5
OF
C
ONTENTS
GPS Overview
GPS Operation .........................................................................................................6
Automatic Tracking .............................................................................................6
Receiver Performance ........................................................................................6
Differential Operation................................................................................................6
Automatic SBAS Tracking...................................................................................6
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Table A-1 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................7
Appendix B: Technical Specifications
Table B-1 GPS Sensor Specifications......................................................................8
Table B-2: Horizontal Accuracy ................................................................................8
Table B-3: Communication Specifications................................................................9
Table B-4: Power Specifications...............................................................................9
Table B-5: Environmental Specifications..................................................................9
Table B-6: Mechanical Specifications.....................................................................10
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1600 RECEIVER
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INTRODUCTION
The GPS 1600 allows you to focus on the job at hand with fast startup and reacquisition times as well as
an easy-to-see LED status indicator for power and GPS. A durable enclosure houses the antenna as
well as the receiver. It can be powered through various sources making it ideal for a variety of
applications. Dual-serial, CAN, and pulse output options make this GPS receiver compatible with almost
any interface. Mount the receiver on a variety of roving machines and vehicles for kinematic positioning
and navigation applications.
KEY FEATURES
• Centimeter-level accuracy using Crescent technology in a rugged, all-in-one enclosure
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NTRODUCTION
• Supports CAN, NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000*, binary for communication with external devices
Wide operating voltage range of 7-32 VDC, providing high transient protection for any power source
• 1 PPS timing output
The receiver supports a variety of protocols for communicating with navigation systems, data loggers,
CAN systems, and other devices. See
communication protocols supported by the receiver as well other technical specifications.
“Table B-3: Communication Specifications” on page 9 for a list of
PARTS LIST
Table provides a description, quantity, and part number for each part in your kit
Part Quantity Part Number
GPS 1600 1 4003733
Magnetic mount 1 720-0033-00A
The following accessory is available for purchase separately from your receiver.
Power/data cable (single port)
18 in.
1 4002673-18
PRODUCT SUPPORT
If you have questions regarding the setup, configuration, or operation of the receiver, contact your local
dealer.
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INSTALLATION
PORTS AND CONNECTIONS
(A) Mounting Hole - Pole or tripod mount, marine 1”
standard, adaptable to 5/8” (adapter included)
(B) Power, data port (12-pin) - External power/data
cable; allows you to supply power as well as
communicate with external devices via CAN, NMEA
0183 serial, and binary
(C) LED Display - provides system information based on
the color and pulse of the LED as follows:
Red LED = power on
Amber LED = GPS lock
Green LED = DGPS position
All connections and ports are located on the bottom of
the unit, as shown.
COMMUNICATION
The receiver supports radar-simulated pulse output and various NMEA 2000 messages.
RADAR-SIMULATED PULSE OUTPUT
The radar-simulated pulse output provides accurate ground speed. The receiver uses pin 12 for the
speed out pin. Pin 12 will output a square wave with a 50% duty cycle and the frequency of the square
wave varies directly with speed. 94 Hz represents a speed of 1 m/sec (or 28.65 pulse/foot traveled).
NOTE
Pin 12 does not have any form of isolation or surge protection. It is strongly
recommended that you incorporate some form of isolation circuitry into your
supporting hardware if you want to utilize the Speed Radar Pulse output.
MOUNTING THE RECEIVER
SELECTING THE PROPER ANTENNA LOCATION
Proper antenna placement is critical to positioning accuracy.
To select the proper antenna location:
• Place the antenna with an unobstructed view of the sky. An obstructed view of the sky may impair system
performance. The GPS engine computes a position based on measurements from each satellite to the
internal GPS receiver.
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• Mount the antenna on, or as close as possible to, the center of your point of measurement. For example,
ideal antenna placement on a vehicle is the center of the cab roof, assuming there is a clear view of the
sky.
• Position the antenna as high as possible.
ECEIVER
ROUTING AND SECURING THE CABLES
Consider the following when routing cables:
• Power/data cable must reach an appropriate power source
• Do not run cables in areas of excessive heat
• Do not expose cables to corrosive chemicals
• Do not crimp or excessively bend cables
• Do not place tension on cables
• Coil up excess cable in the cab of the vehicle
• Secure along the cable route using plastic tie wraps as necessary
• Do not run cables near high voltage or strong RF noise and transmitter sources
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NSTALLATION
CAUTION
Improperly installed cables near machinery may cause injury or death.
MOUNTING OPTIONS
Magnetic Mount
The magnetic mount can be screwed into the bottom of the receiver and mounts to metal surfaces. A
metal disc and foam adhesive are included with each magnetic mount. Use the foam adhesive to bond
the metal disc to the desired mounting location if there are no metal surfaces.
To mount the receiver using the magnetic mount:
1. Clean and dry the surface where you will attach the metal disc.
2. Remove the backing from one side of the foam adhesive and press the adhesive onto the mounting
surface.
3. Remove the backing from the other side of the foam adhesive and press the metal disc onto the
mounting surface, applying firm pressure to ensure good adhesion.
4. Place the magnetic mount on top of the metal disc.
Surface Mount
You can surface mount the receiver with four machine screws (no. 8-32) - not included.
To surface mount the receiver:
1. Determine the desired location for the receiver.
2. Photocopy the bottom of the receiver for use as a template to plan the mounting hole locations. Use
the outer four holes per your installation.
If using a photocopy make sure it is scaled one-to-one with the mounting holes on the bottom of the
receiver.
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3. Mark the mounting hole centers on the mounting surface.
4. Place the receiver over the marks to ensure the planned hole centers align with the true hole centers
(adjusting as necessary).
5. Use a center punch to mark the hole centers.
6. Drill the mounting holes with a 9 mm bit appropriate for the surface.
7. Place the receiver over the mounting holes and insert the mounting screws through the bottom of the
mounting surface into the receiver.
IMPORTANT
Hand tighten only. Damage resulting from over-tightening is not covered by the warranty.
Pole Mount
The center thread on the bottom of the receiver is 1”. The mounting assembly included with the receiver
includes an 5/8” adapter compatible with common survey poles. Simply thread the riser/pole into the
antenna until snug.
IMPORTANT
Hand tighten only. Damage resulting from over-tightening is not covered by the warranty.
POWERING THE RECEIVER
POWER CONSIDERATIONS
The receiver accepts an input voltage of 7-32 VDC. For best performance use a clean and continuous
power supply. See
“Table B-4: Power Specifications” on page 9 for complete power specifications.
CONNECTING TO A POWER SOURCE
The receiver uses a single cable for power and data input/output.
The antenna end of the cable is terminated with an environmentally sealed 12-pin connection and the
opposite end is DB9.
IMPORTANT
Do not apply a voltage higher than 32 VDC. This will damage the receiver and void the
warranty.
The receiver features reverse polarity protection to prevent excessive damage if the power leads are
accidentally reversed. With the application of power, the receiver automatically proceeds through an
internal startup sequence; however, it is ready to communicate immediately.
CONNECTING TO EXTERNAL DEVICES
Power/data port pinouts
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1. Manual mark in
2. Port B Tx
3. Port B Rx
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4. CAN high
5. Signal ground
6. Port A Tx
7. 1 PPS
8. Port A Rx
9. CAN low
10. Power in (12 V)
11. Power ground
12. Speed out
Note: For successful communication, the baud rate of the receiver serial ports
(Port A and Port B) must be set to match that of the devices to which they are
connected.
DEFAULT PARAMETERS
VERVIEW
NOTE
Default parameters
Setting Description
•
Baud rate: 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
•
Data bits: 8
Serial ports A and B
GPS messages
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•
Parity: None
•
Stop bit: 1
•
Interface level: RS-232
• Type:, NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000
• Update rate: 1 Hz to 10 Hz
• Elevation mask: 5°
GPS OVERVIEW
For your convenience, both the GPS and differential correction of the receiver are pre-configured. The
receiver will work out of the box, and for most applications, little user setup is necessary. When powered
for the first time, the receiver will perform a ‘cold start’ that involves acquiring the available GPS satellites
in view and the SBAS differential service.
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GPS OPERATION
The GPS receiver is always operating, regardless of the DGPS mode of operation. The following
sections describe the general operation of the receiver’s internal GPS receiver.
AUTOMATIC TRACKING
The receiver’s internal GPS receiver automatically searches for GPS satellites, acquires the signals, and
manages the navigation information required for positioning and tracking.
RECEIVER PERFORMANCE
The receiver works by finding four or more GPS satellites in the visible sky uses information from the
satellites to compute a position within 2.5 m. Since there is some error in the GPS data calculations, the
receiver also tracks a differential correction. The receiver uses these corrections to improve its position
accuracy to better than 0.6 m.
The two main aspects of GPS receiver performance are 1) satellite acquisition, and 2) positioning and
heading calculation.
When the receiver is properly positioned, the satellites transmit coded information to the antenna on a
specific frequency. This allows the receiver to calculate a range to each satellite. GPS is essentially a
timing system. The ranges are calculated by timing how long it takes for the signal to reach the GPS
antenna. The GPS receiver uses a complex algorithm incorporating satellite locations and ranges to
each satellite to calculate the geographic location and heading. Reception of any four or more GPS
signals allows the receiver to compute three-dimensional coordinates.
DIFFERENTIAL OPERATION
The purpose of differential GPS (DGPS) is to remove the effects of atmospheric errors, timing errors,
and satellite orbit errors, while enhancing system integrity. Autonomous positioning capabilities of the
receiver will result in positioning accuracies of 2.5 m 95% of the time. In order to improve positioning
quality to better than 0.6 m 95%, the receiver is able to use differential corrections received through the
internal SBAS demodulator.
AUTOMATIC SBAS TRACKING
The receiver automatically scans and tracks SBAS signals without the need to tune the receiver. The
receiver features three-channel tracking that provides an enhanced ability to maintain a lock on an
SBAS satellite when more than one satellite is in view. This redundant tracking approach results in more
consistent tracking of an SBAS signal in areas where signal blockage of a satellite is possible.
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APPENDIX A: TROUBLESHOOTING
Table A-1 provides a list of issues with possible solutions to help you troubleshoot anomalous receiver
operation.
TABLE A-1 TROUBLESHOOTING
A
PPENDIX
A: T
Issue Possible Solution
Receiver fails to power
No data from the receiver
No communication
No valid data
No GPS lock
ROUBLESHOOTING
• Verify polarity of power leads
• Check 1.0 A in-line power cable fuse connection (only if the cable has
a built in fuse)
• Check integrity of power cable connections
• Check power input voltage (7 - 32 VDC)
• Check current restrictions imposed by power source (maximum is 350
mA)
• Check receiver power status
• Verify it is locked to a valid DGPS signal
• Verify that it is locked to 4 or more GPS satellites
• Check integrity and connectivity of power and data cable connections
• Verify the baud rate settings match
• Check integrity of antenna cable
• Verify antenna’s view of the sky
• Verify the lock status and signal to noise ratio of GPS satellites (this can
often be done on the receiving device or by using PocketMax)
No SBAS
• Check antenna cable integrity
• Verify the antenna’s view of the sky, especially toward SBAS satellites,
south in the northern hemisphere
• Ensure there is SBAS coverage in your area
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APPENDIX B: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table B-1 through Table B-6 provide the GPS sensor, horizontal accuracy, L-band sensor,
communication, power, environmental, and mechanical specifications for the receiver.
TABLE B-1 GPS SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
Receiver type
Channels
GPS sensitivity
SBAS tracking
Update rate
Timing (1PPS) accuracy:
Cold start
Warm start • < 30 s typical (almanac and RTC)
Hot start
Maximum speed
Maximum altitude
•
L1 GPS
• 12 L1CA GPS
•
12 L1P GPS
•
3 SBAS or 3 additional L1CA GPS
•
-142 dBm
•
3-channel, parallel tracking
•
10 Hz standard,
•
20 ns
•
< 60 s typical (no almanac or RTC)
•
< 10 s typical (almanac, RTC, and position)
•
1,850 kph (999 kts)
•
18,288 m (60,000 ft)
TABLE B-2: HORIZONTAL ACCURACY
Item Specification
RMS (67%) 2DRMS (95%)
SBAS (WAAS)1 0.3 m 0.6 m
Autonomous, no SA1 1.2 m 2.5 m
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TABLE B-3: COMMUNICATION SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
A
PPENDIX
Serial 2 full-duplex RS-232, CAN
Baud rates 4800 - 115200
NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000*, Hemisphere GPS binary
Data I/O protocol
Timing output 1 PPS CMOS, active high, rising edge sync, 10 kW, 10 pF load
Event marker input CMOS, active low, falling edge sync, 10 kW, 10 pF load
*To use the receiver in a NMEA 2000 network requires NMEA
certification and a NMEA2000 adapter cable
TABLE B-4: POWER SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
Input voltage
Power consumption
Current consumption
Power isolation
•
7- 32 VDC with reverse polarity operation
•
< 3 W @ 12 VDC typical
•
134 mA @ 12 VDC typical
•
No
B: T
ECHNICAL
S
PECIFICATIONS
•
Reverse polarity protection
Antenna voltage
Yes
•
Internal antenna
TABLE B-5: ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
Operating temperature • -40° C to +70° C (-40° F to +158° F)
Storage temperature • -40° C to +85° C (-40° F to +185° F)
Humidity • 95% non-condensing
Shock and Vibration
EMC
Enclosure • IP67
• Mechanical Shock: EP455 Section 5.14.1 Operational Vibration:
EP455 Section 5.15.1 Random
• CE (ISO 14982 Emissions and Immunity), FCC Part 15, Subpart B,
CISPR 22
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TABLE B-6: MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
Dimensions 104.0 H x 145.0 D (mm) 4.09 H x 5.71 D (in)
Weight <558 g (<19.7 oz)
Status indicators (LED) Power, GPS lock
Power/data connector 12-pin male (metal)
Antenna mounting 1-14 UNS-2A female, 5/8-11 UNC-2B adapter, and mag-mount
1 Depends on multipath environment, number of satellites in view, satellite geometry and ionospheric
activity
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Index
Numerics
1 PPS timing accuracy 5
maximum altitude specification 8
maximum speed specification 8
mounting
magnetic 3
pole 4
surface 3
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NDEX
A
antenna placement 2
automatic SBAS tracking 6
automatic tracking 6
autonomous accuracy specification 8
C
cables, routing 3
CAN 1, 2, 5, 9
connecting
to a power source 4
to external devices 4
connections 2
current consumption specification 9
D
data port 2
default parameters 5
DGPS position LED 2
differential operation 6
dimensions specification 10
E
external devices, connecting to 4
G
GPS lock LED 2
GPS operation 6
H
hot start specification 8
I
input voltage specification 9
L
LED
DGPS position 2
GPS lock 2
power on 2
status indicators specification 10
M
magnetic mount 3
O
operating temperature specification 9
P
pole mount 4
ports 2
data 2
power 2
power
connecting to a power source 4
considerations 4
power consumption
specification 9
power on LED 2
R
receiver performance 6
receiver specifications 8
autonomous accuracy 8
current consumption 9
dimensions 10
hot start 8
input voltage 9
maximum altitude 8
maximum speed 8
operating temperature 9
power consumption 9
SBAS accuracy 8
serial port 9
storage temperature 9
warm start 8
weight 10
routing cables 3
S
SBAS accuracy specification 8
serial port specification 9
specifications, see receiver specifications 8
storage temperature specification 9
surface mount 3
W
warm start specification 8
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weight specification 10
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