Agilent Technologies N9010A User Manual

Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzer

This manual provides documentation for the following X-Series Analyzer:

EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A

N9010A EXA Specifications Guide

(Comprehensive Reference Data)

Notices

in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

N9010-90025

Supersedes: February 2013

Print Date

June 2013

Printed in USA Agilent Technologies, Inc.

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Restricted Rights Legend

If software is for use in the performance of a U.S. Government prime contract or subcontract, Software is delivered and

licensed as “Commercial computer software” as defined in DF AR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a “commercial item” as defined in F AR 2.101(a) or as “Restricted computer software” as defined in FAR

52.227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause. Use, duplication or disclosure of Software is subject to Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial license terms, and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR

52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52.22714 (June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

CAUTION

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Warranty

This Agilent technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent T echnologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Te chnologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However , Bu yer shall pay all shipping char ges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware upgrades, application information, and product information, see the following URLs:

http://www.agilent.com/find/exa

To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Agilent Email Updates:

http://www.agilent.com/find/emailupdates

Information on preventing analyzer damage can be found at:

http://www.agilent.com/find/tips

Contents

1. Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Frequency and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Standard Frequency Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Precision Frequency Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Frequency Readout Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Frequency Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Frequency Span. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sweep Time and Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Gated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Number of Frequency Sweep Points (buckets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Nominal Measurement Time vs. Span [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Preselector Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Video Bandwidth (VBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Amplitude Accuracy and Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Maximum Safe Input Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Display Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Marker Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

RF Input VSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Reference Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Display Scale Fidelity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Available Detectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Gain Compression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Displayed Average Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Spurious Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Second Harmonic Distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Third Order Intermodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW for Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz for Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Nominal Dynamic Range Bands 1-4 for Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Phase Noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations for Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Contents

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations for Freq Option > 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Nominal Phase Noise of Different Center Frequencies for Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Nominal Phase Noise of Different Center Frequencies for Freq Option >526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Power Suite Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Adjacent Channel Power (ACP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Fast ACPR Test [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Burst Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

TOI (Third Order Intermodulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

2. I/Q Analyzer

Specifications Affected by I/Q Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Data Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Time Record Length (IQ pairs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

3. VXA Vector Signal and WLAN Modulation Analysis Application

Vector Signal Analysis Performance (N9064A-1FP/1TP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Center Frequency Tuning Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Frequency Span, Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

FFT Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Frequency Points per Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

FFT Window Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

ADC overload. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Amplitude Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Amplitude Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

IF Flatness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Contents

Third Order Intermodulation distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Noise Density at 1 GHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Residual Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Image Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

LO Related Spurious. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Other Spurious. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Analog Modulation Analysis (N9064A-1FP/1TP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

AM Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

PM Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

FM Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis (N9064A-2FP/2TP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Residual EVM for Video Modulation Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

WLAN Modulation Analysis (N9064A-3FP/3TP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

IEEE 802.11a/g OFDM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

IEEE 802.11b/g DSSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

4. Option B25 - 25 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

IF Spurious Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Time Record Length (IQ pairs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

5. Option B40 - 40 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Capture Time [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

6. Option CR3 - Connector Rear, 2nd IF Output

Specifications Affected by Connector Rear, 2nd IF Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Other Connector Rear, 2nd IF Output Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Aux IF Out Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Second IF Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7. Option CRP - Connector Rear, Arbitrary IF Output

Specifications Affected by Connector Rear, Arbitrary IF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Other Connector Rear, Arbitrary IF Output Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Aux IF Out Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Contents

Arbitrary IF Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

8. Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuat or, 3.6 GHz

Specifications Affected by Electronic Attenuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Range (Frequency and Attenuation). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Distortions and Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Electronic Attenuator Switching Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

9. Option EMC - Precompliance EMI Features

Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

EMI Resolution Bandwidths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Amplitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

EMI Average Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Quasi-Peak Detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

RMS Average Detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

10. Option ESC - External Source Control

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Power Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Measurement Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Supported External Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

11. Option EXM - External Mixing

Specifications Affected by External mixing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Other External Mixing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Connection Port EXT MIXER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Mixer Bias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

IF Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

LO Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

12. Option MPB - Microwave Preselector Bypass

Specifications Affected by Microwave Preselector Bypass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Other Microwave Preselector Bypass Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Additional Spurious Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

13. Option P03, P07, P13, P26, P32 and P44 - Preamplifier

Specifications Affected by Preamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Other Preamp Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Noise figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

1 dB Gain Compression Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Contents

Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)Preamp On. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Frequency Response − Preamp On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

RF Input VSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Nominal VSWR − Preamp On, Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz, Preamp On, Freq Option ≤ 526 [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

14. Option PFR - Precision Frequency Reference

Specifications Affected by Precision Frequency Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

15. Option YAS - Y-Axis Screen Video Output

Specifications Affected by Y-Axis Screen Video Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Other Y-Axis Screen Video Output Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

General Port Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Screen Video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Continuity and Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

16. Analog Demodulation Measurement Application

Pre-Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Demodulation Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Capture Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Post-Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Maximum Audio Frequency Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Frequency Modulation - Level and Carrier Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

FM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

FM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Carrier Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Carrier Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Frequency Modulation - Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Residual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Absolute Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

AM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Residual FM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Amplitude Modulation - Level and Carrier Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

AM Depth Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

AM Rate Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Carrier Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Amplitude Modulation - Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Absolute Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

FM Rejection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Residual AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Phase Modulation - Level and Carrier Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

PM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Contents

PM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Carrier Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Carrier Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Phase Modulation - Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Absolute Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

AM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

FM Stereo/Radio Data System (RDS) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

FM Stereo Modulation Analysis Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

17. Noise Figure Measurement Application

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Noise Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Nominal Instrument Noise Figure, Freq Option ≤ 526. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Nominal Instrument Input VSWR, DC Coupled, Freq Op tion ≤ 526 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

18. Phase Noise Measurement Application

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Maximum Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Measurement Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Offset Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Amplitude Repeatability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

19. 1xEV- DO M easurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Spectrum Emission Mask and Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

QPSK EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Code Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Alternative Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

20. 802.16 OFDMA Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Contents

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Spurious Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Modulation Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

In-Band Frequency Range for Warranted Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

21. Bluetooth Measurement Application

Basic Rate Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Output Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Modulation Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Carrier Frequency Drift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Low Energy Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Output Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Modulation Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Carrier Frequency Drift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

LE In-band Emission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

EDR Relative Transmit Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

EDR Modulation Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

EDR Carrier Frequency Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

EDR In-band Spurious Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Bluetooth Basic Rate and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Bluetooth Low Energy System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

22. cdma2000 Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Code Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

QPSK EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

23. CMMB Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Contents

Modulation Analysis Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Modulation Analysis Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

CMMB Modulation Analysis Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

24. Digital Cable TV Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

DVB-C 64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

25. DTMB Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

16QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

26. DVB-T/H with T2 Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Spurious Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

DVB-T 64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

DVB-T2 256QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

27. GSM/EDGE Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

EDGE Error Vector Magnitude

(EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Power vs. Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

EDGE Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Power Ramp Relative Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Phase and Frequency Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Output RF Spectrum (ORFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

In-Band Frequency Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

28. iDEN/WiDEN/MotoTalk Measurement Application

Frequency and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Amplitude Accuracy and Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Contents

Application Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Parameter Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

iDEN Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

iDEN Signal Demod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

MotoTalk Signal Demod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

29. ISDB-T Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Modulation Analysis Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Modulation Analysis Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

ISDB-T Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

ISDB-Tmm Modulation Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

30. LTE Measurement Application

Supported Air Interface Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Transmit On/Off Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Spurious Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Modulation Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Operating Band, FDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Operating Band, TDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

31. Multi-Standard Radio Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Spurious Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Conformance EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

32. TD-SCDMA Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Transmit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Single Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Contents

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Code Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

33. W-CDMA Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Code Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

QPSK EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Power Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

34. Single Acquisition Combined Fixed WiMAX Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Transmit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Tx Output Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

In-Band Frequency Range for Warranted Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

35. WLAN Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Power vs. Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

CCK 11Mbps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

List Sequence Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Transmit Output Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

CCK 11Mbps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

In-Band Frequency Range for Warranted Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Contents

1 Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

This chapter contains the specifications for the core signal analyzer. The specifications and characteristics for the measurement applications and options are covered in the chapters that follow.

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements

This book contains signal analyzer specifications and supplemental information. The distinctio n amon g specifications, typical performance, and nominal values are described as follows.

Definitions

• Specifications describe the performance of parameters covered by the product warranty (temperature

= 0 to 55°C

• 95th percentile values indicate the breadth of the population (≈2σ) of performance tolerances expected to be met in 95% of the cases with a 95% confidence, for any ambient temperature in the range of 20 to 30°C. In addition to the statistical observations of a sample of instruments, these values include the effects of the uncertainties of external calibration references. These values are not warranted. These values are updated occasionally if a significant change in the statistically observed behavior of production instruments is observed.

• Typical describes additional product performance information that is not covered by the product warranty. It is performance beyond specification that 80% of the units exhibit with a 95% confidence level over the temperature range 20 to 30°C. Typical performance does not include measurement uncertainty.

• Nominal values indicate expected performance, or describe product performance that is useful in the application of the product, but is not covered by the product warranty.

also referred to as "Full temperature range" or "Full range", unless otherwise noted).

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications

The following conditions must be met for the analyzer to meet its specifications.

• The analyzer is within its calibration cycle. See the General section of this chapter.

• Under auto couple control, except that Auto Sweep Time Rules = Accy.

• For signal frequencies < 10 MHz, DC coupling applied.

• Any analyzer that has been stored at a temperature range inside the allowed storage range but outside the allowed operating range must be stored at an ambient temperature within the allowed operating range for at least two hours before being turned on.

• The analyzer has been turned on at least 30 minutes with Auto Align set to Normal, or if Auto Align is set to Off or Partial, alignments must have been run recently enough to prevent an Alert message. If the Alert condition is changed from “Time and Temperature” to one of the disabled duration choices, the analyzer may fail to meet specifications without informing the user.

Certification

Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologi es further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

1. For earlier instruments (S/N prefix <MY/SG/US5052), the operating temperture ranges from 5 to 50°C

20 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Range

Maximum Frequency

Option 503 3.6 GHz Option 507 7 GHz Option 513 13.6 GHz Option 526 26.5 GHz Option 532 32 GHz Option 544 44 GHz

Preamp Option P03 3.6 GHz Preamp Option P07 7 GHz Preamp Option P13 13.6 GHz Preamp Option P26 26.5 GHz Preamp Option P32 32 GHz Preamp Option P44 44 GHz

Minimum Frequency

Preamp AC Coupled

DC Coupled

Off 10 MHz 10 Hz On 10 MHz 100 kHz

Band

Harmonic Mixing Mode LO Multiple (Nb)

Band Overlaps

0 (10 Hz to 3.6 GHz) 1− 1 Options 503, 507, 513, 526, 532,

544

1 (3.5 GHz to 7 GHz) 1− 1 Option 507 1 (3.5 GHz to 8.4 GHz) 1− 1 Options 513, 526, 532, 544 2 (8.3 GHz to 13.6 GHz) 1− 2 Options 513, 526, 532, 544 3 (13.5 to 17.1 GHz) 2− 2 Options 526, 532, 544 4 (17.0 to 26.5 GHz) 2− 4 Options 526, 532, 544 5 (26.4 GHz to 32 GHz) 2− 4 Option 532 5 (26.4 GHz to 34.5 GHz) 2− 4 Option 544 6 (34.4 GHz to 44 GHz) 4− 8 Option 544

a. AC Coupled only applicable to Freq Options 503, 507, 513, and 526. b. N is the LO multiplication factor. For negative mixing modes (as indicated by the “−” in the “Har-

monic Mixing Mode” column), the desired 1st LO harmonic is higher than the tuned frequency by the 1st IF (5.1225 GHz for band 0, 322.5 MHz for all other bands).

Chapter 1 21

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

c. In the band overlap regions, for example, 3.5 to 3.6 GHz, the analyzer may use either band for mea-

surements, in this example Band 0 or Band 1. The analyzer gives preference to the band with the better overall specifications (which is the lower numbered band for all frequencies below 26 GHz), but will choose the other band if doing so is necessary to achieve a sweep having minimum band crossings. For example, with CF = 3.58 GHz, with a span of 40 MHz or less, the analyzer uses Band 0, because the stop frequency is 3.6 GHz or less, allowing a span without band crossings in the preferred band. If the span is between 40 and 160 MHz, the analyzer uses Band 1, because the start frequency is above

3.5 GHz, allowing the sweep to be done without a band crossing in Band 1, though the stop frequency is above 3.6 GHz, preventing a Band 0 sweep without band crossing. With a span greater than 160 MHz, a band crossing will be required: the analyzer sweeps up to 3.6 GHz in Band 0; then executes a band crossing and continues the sweep in Band 1.

Specifications are given separately for each band in the band overlap regions. One of these specifications is for the preferred band, and one for the alternate band. Continuing with the example from the previous paragraph (3.58 GHz), the preferred band is band 0 (indicated as frequencies under 3.6 GHz) and the alternate band is band 1 (3.5 to 8.4 GHz). The specifications for the preferred band are warranted. The specifications for the alternate band are not warranted in the band overlap region, but performance is nominally the same as those warranted specifications in the rest of the band. Again, in this example, consider a signal at 3.58 GHz. If the sweep has been configured so that the signal at

3.58 GHz is measured in Band 1, the analysis behavior is nominally as stated in the Band 1 specification line (3.5 to 8.4 GHz) but is not warranted. If warranted performance is necessary for this signal, the sweep should be reconfigured so that analysis occurs in Band 0. Another way to express this situation in this example Band 0/Band 1 crossing is this: The specifications given in the “Specifications” column which are described as “3.5 to 7.0 GHz” represent nominal performance from 3.5 to 3.6 GHz, and warranted performance from 3.6 to 7.0 GHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Standard Frequency Reference

Accuracy ±[(time since last adjustment ×

aging rate) + temperature stability + calibration accuracy

]

Temperature Stability

20 to 30°C ±2 × 10

Full temperature range ±2 × 10 Aging Rate ±1 × 10−6/year Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy ±1.4 × 10 Settability ±2 × 10 Residual FM

(Center Frequency = 1 GHz

−6

−8

≤10 Hz × Nc p-p in 20 ms (nominal)

10 Hz RBW, 10 Hz VBW)

a. Calibration accuracy depends on how accurately the frequency standard was adjusted to 10 MHz. If the

adjustment procedure is followed, the calibration accuracy is given by the specification “Achievable

Initial Calibration Accuracy.” b. For periods of one year or more. c. N is the LO multiplication factor.

22 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Precision Frequency Reference

(Option PFR)

Accuracy ±[(time since last adjustment

× aging rate) + temperature

stability + calibration accuracy

a]b

Temperature Stability

−8

Nominally linear

−10

/day (nominal)

20 to 30°C ±1.5 × 10

Full temperature range ±5 × 10 Aging Rate ±5 × 10 Total Aging

1 Year ±1 × 10

2 Years ±1.5 × 10 Settability ±2 × 10 Warm-up and Retrace

300 s after turn on ±1 × 10

900 s after turn on ±1 × 10

−7

−9

−7

Nominal

−7

of final frequency

−8

of final frequency

Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy

±4 × 10

−8

Standby power to reference oscillator Not supplied Residual FM

(Center Frequency = 1 GHz

≤0.25 Hz × N (nominal)

p-p in 20 ms

10 Hz RBW, 10 Hz VBW)

a. Calibration accuracy depends on how accurately the frequency standard was adjusted to 10 MHz. If the

adjustment procedure is followed, the calibration accuracy is given by the specification “Achievable

Initial Calibration Accuracy.” b. The specification applies after the analyzer has been powered on for four hours. c. Narrow temperature range performance is nominally linear with temperature. For example, for

25±3º C, the stability would be only three-fifths as large as the warranted 25±5º C, thus ±0.9 × 10 d. Standby mode does not apply power to the oscillator. Therefore warm-up applies every time the power

is turned on. The warm-up reference is one hour after turning the power on. Retracing also occurs

every time warm-up occurs. The effect of retracing is included within the “Achievable Initial Calibra-

tion Accuracy” term of the Accuracy equation. e. The achievable calibration accuracy at the beginning of the calibration cycle includes these effects:

1) Temperature difference between the calibration environment and the use environment

2) Orientation relative to the gravitation field changing between the calibration environment and the

use environment

3) Retrace effects in both the calibration environment and the use environment due to turning the

instrument power off.

4) Settability

f. N is the LO multiplication factor.

−8

Chapter 1 23

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Frequency Readout Accuracy ±(mar ker freq × freq ref accy. + 0.25%

× span + 5% × RBW

horizontal resolution

Example for EMC

a. The warranted performance is only the sum of all errors under autocoupled conditions. Under

non-autocoupled conditions, the frequency readout accuracy will nominally meet the specification equation, except for conditions in which the RBW term dominates, as explained in examples below. The nominal RBW contribution to frequency readout accuracy is 2% of RBW for RBWs from 1 Hz to 390 kHz, 4% of RBW from 430 kHz through 3 MHz (the widest autocoupled RBW), and 30% of RBW for the (manually selected) 4, 5, 6 and 8 MHz RBWs. First example: a 120 MHz span, with autocoupled RBW. The autocoupled ratio of span to RBW is 106:1, so the RBW selected is 1.1 MHz. The 5% × RBW term contributes only 55 kHz to the total frequency readout accuracy, compared to 300 kHz for the 0.0.25% × span term, for a total of 355 kHz. In this example, if an instrument had an unusually high RBW centering error of 7% of RBW (77 kHz) and a span error of 0.20% of span (240 kHz), the total actual error (317 kHz) would still meet the computed specification (355 kHz). Second example: a 20 MHz span, with a 4 MHz RBW. The specification equation does not apply because the Span: RBW ratio is not autocoupled. If the equation did apply, it would allow 50 kHz of error (0.25%) due to the span and 200 kHz error (5%) due to the RBW. For this non-autocoupled RBW, the RBW error is nominally 30%, or 1200 kHz.

b. Horizontal resolution is due to the marker reading out one of the sweep points. The points are spaced

by span/(Npts –1), where Npts is the number of sweep points. For example, with the factory preset value of 1001 sweep points, the horizontal resolution is span/1000. However, there is an exception: When both the detector mode is “normal” and the span > 0.25 × (Npts –1) × RBW, peaks can occur only in even-numbered points, so the effective horizontal resolution becomes doubled, or span/500 for the factory preset case. When the RBW is autocoupled and there are 1001 sweep points, that exception occurs only for spans > 750 MHz.

c. Specifications apply to traces in most cases, but there are exceptions. Specifications always apply to the

peak detector. Specifications apply when only one detector is in use and all active traces are s et to Clear Write. Specifications also apply when only one detector is in use in all active traces and the "Restart" key has been pressed since any change from the use of multiple detectors to a single detector. In other cases, such as when multiple simultaneous detectors are in use, additional errors of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 sweep points will occur in some detectors, depending on the combination of detectors in use.

d. In most cases, the frequency readout accuracy of the analyzer can be exceptionally good. As an exam-

ple, Agilent has characterized the accuracy of a span commonly used for Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing using a source frequency locked to the analyzer. Ideally, this sweep would include EMC bands C and D and thus sweep from 30 to 1000 MHz. Ideally, the analysis bandwidth would be 120 kHz at −6 dB, and the spacing of the points would be half of this (60 kHz). With a start frequency of 30 MHz and a stop frequency of 1000.2 MHz and a total of 16168 points, the spacing of points is ideal. The detector used was the Peak detector. The accuracy of frequency readout of all the points tested in this span was with have an accuracy of ±0.0031% of span. Thus, even with this large number of display points, the errors in excess of the bucket quantization limitation were negligible.

±0.0032% of the span. A perfect analyzer with this many points would

+ 2 Hz + 0.5 ×

)

Single detector only

±0.0032% (nominal)

24 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Frequency Counter

See note

Count Accuracy ±(marker freq × freq ref accy. + 0.100 Hz) Delta Count Accuracy ±(delta freq. × freq ref accy. + 0.141 Hz) Resolution 0.001 Hz

a. Instrument conditions: RBW = 1 kHz, gate time = auto (100 ms), S/N ≥ 50 dB, frequency = 1 GHz b. If the signal being measured is locked to the same frequency reference as the analyzer, the specified

count accuracy is ±0.100 Hz under the test conditions of footnote a. This error is a noisiness of the

result. It will increase with noisy sources, wider RBWs, lower S/N ratios, and source frequencies >

1 GHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Frequency Span

Range

Option 503 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 3.6 GHz Option 507 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 7 GHz Option 513 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 13.6 GHz Option 526 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 26.5 GHz Option 532 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 32 GHz Option 544 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 44 GHz

Resolution 2 Hz Span Accuracy

Swept ±(0.25% × span + horizontal resolution FFT ±(0.1% × span + horizontal resolution

a. Horizontal resolution is due to the marker reading out one of the sweep points. The points are spaced

by span/(Npts − 1), where Npts is the number of sweep points. For example, with the factory preset

value of 1001 sweep points, the horizontal resolution is span/1000. However, there is an exception:

When both the detector mode is “normal” and the span > 0.25 × (Npts − 1) × RBW, peaks can occur

only in even-numbered points, so the effective horizontal resolution becomes doubled, or span/500 for

the factory preset case. When the RBW is auto coupled and there are 1001 sweep points, that exception

occurs only for spans > 750 MHz.

)

Chapter 1 25

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Sweep Time and Trigger

Sweep Time Range Span = 0 Hz Span ≥ 10 Hz

Sweep Time Accuracy Span ≥ 10 Hz, swept Span ≥ 10 Hz, FFT Span = 0 Hz

1 μs to 6000 s 1 ms to 4000 s

±0.01% (nominal) ±40% (nominal) ±0.01% (nominal)

Sweep Trigger Free Run, Line, Video,

External 1, External 2, RF Burst, Periodic Timer

Delayed Trigger

Range

Span ≥ 10 Hz, swept 0 to 500 ms Span = 0 Hz or FFT −150 ms to +500 ms

Resolution 0.1 μs

a. Delayed trigger is available wi th lin e, video, RF burst and external triggers.

26 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Triggers Additional information on some of the

triggers and gate sources

Video

Independent of Display Scaling and

Reference Level Minimum settable level −170 dBm Useful range limited by noise Maximum usable level Highest allowed mixer level

+ 2 dB

(nominal) Detector and Sweep Type

relationships

Sweep Type = Swept

Detector = Normal, Peak, Sample or Negative Peak

Triggers on the signal before detection,

which is similar to the displayed signal

Detector = A verage Triggers on the signal before detection, but

with a single-pole filter added to give

similar smoothing to that of the average

detector

Sweep Type = FFT Triggers on the signal envelope in a

bandwidth wider than the FFT width RF Burst Level Range −50 to −10 dBm plus attenuation

(nominal)

Level Accuracy ±2 dB + Absolute Amplitude Accuracy

(nominal) Bandwidth (−10 dB) 16 MHz (nominal) Frequency Limitations If the start or center frequency is too close

to zero, LO feedthrough can degrade or

prevent triggering. How close is too close

depends on the bandwidth listed above.

Chapter 1 27

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

External Triggers See “Trigger Inputs” on page 72 TV Triggers

Triggers on the leading edge of the selected sync pulse of standardized TV signals.

Amplitude Requirements –65 dBm minimum video carrier power at

the input mixer, nominal

Compatible Standards NTSC-M,

NTSC-Japan, NTSC-4.43, PAL-M, PAL-N, P AL-N Combination, PAL-B/-D/-G/-H/-I. PAL-60, SECAM-L

Field Selection Entire Frame, Field

One, Field Two

Line Selection 1 to 525, or 1 to 625,

standard dependent

a. The highest allowed mixer level depends on the IF Gain. It is nominally –10 dBm for Preamp Off and

IF Gain = Low.

b. Noise will limit trigger level range at high frequencies, such as above 15 GHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Gated Sweep

Gate Methods Gated LO

Gated Video

Gated FFT Span Range Any span Gate Delay Range 0 to 100.0 s Gate Delay Settability 4 digits, ≥100 ns Gate Delay Jitter 33.3 ns p-p (nominal) Gate Length Range

(Except Method = FFT)

Gated Frequency and Amplitude Errors

100 ns to 5.0 s Gate length for the FFT method is fixed at

1.83/RBW, with nominally 2% tolerance. Nominally no additional error for gated

measurements when the Gate Delay is greater than the MIN FAST setting

Gate Sources External 1

Pos or neg edge triggered External 2 Line RF Burst Periodic

28 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Number of Frequency Sweep Points (buckets)

Factory preset 1001 Range 1 to 40,001 Zero and non-zero spans

Nominal Measurement Time vs. Span [Plot]

Chapter 1 29

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)

Range (−3.01 dB bandwidth) 1 Hz to 8 MHz

Bandwidths above 3 MHz are 4, 5, 6, and 8 MHz. Bandwidths 1 Hz to 3 MHz are spaced at 10% spacing using the E24 series (24 per decade): 1.0, 1.1,

1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4,

2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6, 3.9, 4.3, 4.7, 5.1,

5.6, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2, 9.1 in each decade.

Power bandwidth accuracy

RBW Range CF Range

1 Hz to 750 kHz All ±1.0% (0.044 dB) 820 kHz to 1.2 MHz <3.6 GHz ±2.0% (0.088 dB)

1.3 to 2.0 MHz <3.6 GHz ±0.07 dB (nominal)

2.2 to 3 MHz <3.6 GHz ±0.15 dB (nominal) 4 to 8 MHz <3.6 GHz ±0.25 dB (nominal)

Noise BW to RBW ratio

Accuracy (−3.01 dB bandwidth)

1.056 ±2% (nominal)

1 Hz to 1.3 MHz RBW ±2% (nominal)

1.5 MHz to 3 MHz RBW CF ≤ 3.6 GHz CF > 3.6 GHz

4 MHz to 8 MHz RBW

CF ≤ 3.6 GHz CF > 3.6 GHz

±7% (nominal) ±8% (nominal)

±15% (nominal) ±20% (nominal)

Selectivity (−60 dB/−3 dB) 4.1:1 (nominal)

a. The noise marker, band power marker, channel power and ACP all compute their results using the

power bandwidth of the RBW used for the measurement. Power bandwidth accuracy is the power uncertainty in the results of these measurements due only to bandwidth-related errors. (The analyzer knows this power bandwidth for each RBW with greater accuracy than the RBW width itself, and can therefore achieve lower errors.) The warranted specifications shown apply to the Gaussian RBW filters used in swept and zero span analysis. There are four different kinds of filters used in the spectrum analyzer: Swept Gaussian, Swept Flattop, FFT Gaussian and FFT Flattop. While the warranted performance only applies to the swept Gaussian filters, because only they are kept under statistical process control, the other filters nominally have the same performance.

b. The ratio of the noise bandwidth (also known as the power bandwidth) to the RBW has the nominal

value and tolerance shown. The RBW can also be annotated by its noise bandwidth instead of this 3 dB bandwidth. The accuracy of this annotated value is similar to that shown in the power bandwidth accuracy specification.

30 Chapter 1

+ 298 hidden pages

Agilent Technologies N9010A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements

Definitions

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications

Certification

Frequency and Time

Frequency Range

Band

Standard Frequency Reference

Precision Frequency Reference

Frequency Readout Accuracy ±(mar ker freq × freq ref accy. + 0.25%

Frequency Counter

Frequency Span

Sweep Time and Trigger

Triggers Additional information on some of the

Gated Sweep

Number of Frequency Sweep Points (buckets)

Nominal Measurement Time vs. Span [Plot]

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)