Agilent Technologies E1441A User Manual

Download

Agilent 75000 Series C

Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator

User/Service and SCPI Programming Manual

Where to Find it - Online and Printed Information:

System installation (hardware/software) ............VXIbus Configuration Guide*

Agilen t V IC (V XI installation so ft w are)*

Module co n figurat io n an d wi ri ng ...... ... ..............This Manual

SCPI programming.............................................This Manual

SCPI example programs .....................................This Manual, Driver Disk

SCPI command reference ..................................This Manual

VXIplug&play programming ............................VXIplug&play Online Help

VXIplug&play example programs .....................VXIplug&play Online Help

VXIplug&play function reference......................VXIplug&play Onl in e Help

Soft Fro nt Pane l in fo rmatio n ..... ... .. ......... .. ... ......VXIplug&play Online Help

VISA lang u ag e inf or mation . ......... .. ... .................Ag ile n t V IS A User ' s G ui d e

Agilen t V EE pr o gr amming informatio n.............A g ile n t V EE U se r' s Man ua l

*Supplied with Agilent Command Modules, Embedded Cont rollers, and VXLink.

*E1441-90003*

Manual Pa rt Number: E1441-90003

Printed in Malaysia E0406

Contents

Agilent E1441 A Funct ion /Arb itr ary W av efor m Gene ra to r User’s Manua l

Edition 3

AGILE N T W A R R A N T Y S T A T E M E N T ........... .. .. ....... .. .. ..................... .. .. .............. .. . 7

Safety Symbols ............................................................................................................. 8

WARNINGS ................................................................................................................. 8

Decla r at i on o f Co n f o rmity.......... .. .. ..................... .. .. .................... ... .. .................... .. ... ... 9

User N o te s... ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. .............. .. .. ..................... .. .. ...................10-12

Chapter 1

Agilent E1441A Function/Arbit rary Waveform Generator Module Setup ...........13

General Information....................................................................................................13

Setting the Module Address Switch.. ........... ........... ........... ........... .......... ........... .........14

Interrupt Priority ......................................................................................................... 15

Installing into the Mainframe ..................................................................................... 15

Faceplate Indic ators and Connectors..........................................................................16

Initial O p e rat i o n ...... .. ............. ... .. .................... .. ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. ............. 17

Example Programs .............................................................................................. 18

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information . ........................... .................. ...................19

Functional Capabil ities .............................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ................... ..19

Output Configuration .......................................................................................... 19

Amplitude Modulation (AM) ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... .......... ...........28

Frequency Modulation (FM) ...................... .......... ........... .................... ........... .....30

FM Carrier Waveform Shape .............................................................................. 31

Burst Modulation .................... ........... .......... ........... ........... ........... ........... .......... ..33

Frequ e n cy -Shift K ey i n g (F SK ) M od u l at i o n ...... ... .................... .. .. ..................... . 40

Frequency Sweep ................................................................................................ 43

Arbitrary Wa v eforms ..... ....... .. ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. ..................... .. .. ...... 46

Built-In Arbitrary Waveforms ............................................................................. 48

Phase-Lock Capabili ties (Opt 001) ........ ........... ........... ................... .. ........... .......49

Triggering the Function Generator ...................................................................... 52

System-Related Operations......................................................................................... 55

Error Conditions .................................................... ........................... .................. . 55

Self-Test .............................................................................................................. 55

Memory Locat i o n s ..... .. .. ..................... .. .. .............. .. .. .................... ... .. ................. 56

Firmware Revision Query ................................................................................... 56

SCPI Language Version Query .......................................................................... . 56

Power-On and Reset State ................................................................................... 57

Application Program Examples .................................................................................. 58

C Language Programs ........................................... .................. ........................... . 58

Comp ili n g and L in k i n g a C Pr og ram .... .. .............. .. .. .............. .. .. .................... ... . 5 8

Example Programs .............................................................................................. 58

Contents 3

Chapter 3

Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference ....... .................... ........... .................... ...65

CALibration................................................................................................................ 73

DATA ......................................................................................................................... 77

FORMat ...................................................................................................................... 84

MEMory...................................................................................................................... 85

OUTPut....................................................................................................................... 87

PHASe ........................................................................................................................ 90

[SOURce:] .................................................................................................................. 92

APPLy Commands ..................................................................................................... 96

FM COMMANDS ....................................................................................................104

Frequ e n cy -Shift K ey i n g (F SK ) Co mman d s . ............. ... .. ............. ... .. .................... .. .. 1 0 8

Selecting an Arbitrary Waveform............................................................................. 110

STATus..................................................................................................................... 117

SYSTem.................................................................................................................... 120

TRIGger .................................................................................................................... 121

IEEE 488.2Common CommandReference....... .......... ........... ........... .................... ...124

Agilent E1441A Power-On and Reset State.............................................................130

SCPI Command Quick Reference ............................................................................ 131

Appendix A

Agilent E1441A Specifications ........................................................ ..........................135

Appendix B

Agilent E1441A Error Messages ............................ .................... ........... ...................141

Execu t i o n Er ro rs ........... ... .. ............. ... .. .................... .. ... .................... .. .. .................... 1 4 1

Self-Test Errors......................................................................................................... 147

Calibration Errors ..................................................................................................... 147

Arbitrary Wa v eform E rro r s ...... ...... ... .. .................... .. ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. .. 1 4 9

Option 001 Phase-Lock Errors ............. ........... ........... .......... ........... .................... .....151

Appendix C

Agilent E1441A Function Generator Tutor ial ........... ........... ........... .................... ...153

Direct D ig i t al Sy nt h es i s ..... .. .............. .. .. .................... ... .. .................... .. ... ............. .. .. 153

Signal Imperfections ................................................................................................. 155

Output Amplitude Control ........................................................................................ 156

Floati n g Si g n a l Ge n er at o r s .... ... ...... ... .. .................... .. ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. .. 157

Attrib u t es of A C S i g n al s........ ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. ..................... .. .. ............. 15 7

Modulation............................................................................................... .................158

Appendix D

Service Proc edures .................. ... .. .................... .. ... .................... .. .. .............. .. .. ........... 16 3

Closed - C a s e E lectron ic Calibration......... ... .. ....... .. .. .................... ... .. .................... .. .. 164

Agilent Technologies Calibration Services ..............................................................164

Calibration Interval ................................................................................................... 164

Time Required for Calibration.................................................................................. 164

Autom at e d V er i fi cation an d Calibration P ro cedur es........ .. ... ............. .. ... ................. 164

Recommend e d T es t Eq u i pm e n t ......... .. .. .................... ... .. ............. ... .. .................... .. .. 1 6 5

4 Contents

Test Considerations................................................................................................... 165

Performance Verification Tests ................................................................................ 166

Self-Test ............................................................................................................ 166

Quick Performance Check ................................................................................ 167

Performance Verification Tests ......................................................................... 167

Frequency Verification ............................................................................................. 167

Function Gain and Linearity Verification................................................................. 168

DC Func t i o n Off set Ver ifi c a t ion .. .. ... ............. .. ... .................... .. .. ..................... .. .. .... 16 8

AC Amplitude Verification ......................................................................................169

Amplitude Flatness Verif ication............... .......... ........... .................... ........... ........... .171

AM Modulation Depth Verification ......................................................................... 172

Optional Performance Verification Tests ................................................................. 172

Squar e W av e D ut y Cy c l e V er i fi cation ........... .. .............. .. .. .................... ... .. ...... 17 2

Distor t i o n Ve rifica t ion ... ... .................... .. .. .............. .. .. ..................... .. .. ............. 17 3

Calibration Security Code......................................................................................... 174

Unsec u ri n g th e Fu n c t i o n Ge n erator (Lost Se c urity Co d e) .............................. .. 17 5

Calibration Count...................................................................................................... 176

Calibration Message ................................................................................................. 176

General Calibration/Adjustment Procedure..............................................................177

Abort in g a Ca l i br a t i on in Pr o g r e s s .... .. ....... .. .. .................... ... .. ............. ... .. ............... 1 7 8

Frequency and Burst Rate Adjustment ..................................................................... 178

Function Gain and Linearity Adjustment ................................................................. 179

AC Amplitude Adjustment (High-Z).................... .................... ........... ........... ..........180

Modulation Adjustment.................................................................................... ........ 181

AC Amplitude Adjustment (50 Ohms)........ ........... ........... .................... .......... .........182

DC Outp u t Adj u s t m en t ................... ... .. ............. ... .. .................... .. ... .................... .. .. .. 1 8 4

Duty Cy c le Adju stment ... .. ............. ... .. .................... .. ... .................... .. .. .............. .. .. .. 185

AC Amplitude Flatness Adjustment.........................................................................185

Error Messag e s .. .............. .. .. .................... ... .. .................... .. ... ............. .. ... ................. 18 8

Performance Test Record.......................................................................................... 190

Test Limits ......................................................................................................... 190

Measurement Uncertainty ................................................................................. 190

Test Accurac y Ratio (T A R ) ....... .. .. ....... .. .. .............. .. .. ..................... .. .. ............. 1 9 0

Index ..............................................................................................................................199

Contents 5

6 Contents

Certification

Agilent Technologies, Inc. certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technol ogies further certifies that its calibration measurements ar e traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), to the extent allowed by that organization's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilit ies of other International Standards O rganization members.

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES WARRANTY STATEMENT

PRODUCT: E1441A DURATION OF WARRANTY: 1 year

1. Agilent warrants Agilent hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified above. If Ag lent receives notice of such defects during the war ranty period, Agilent wi ll, at its opti on, either repair or replace products which prov e to be defective. Replacement products may be either new or like-new.

2. Agile nt warrants that Agilent software will not fail to execute its programming in structions, for the p eriod specified above, due to defect s in material and workmanship when properly instal led and used. If Agilent receives notice of such defec ts during the warranty period , Ag ilent will replace software media w hich does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects.

3. Agile nt does not warran t that th e opera tion of A gilent pr oducts w ill be i nterrup ted or e rror fre e. If Agi lent is unable , with in a rea sonabl e time, to rep ai r or repla ce an y pro duct to a cond iti on as warr anted , cu st omer will be en ti tled to a r efund of the purc hase pr ic e upo n prompt return of the product.

4. Agilen t products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new i n performance or may have been subject to incidental use.

5. The war ranty per iod be gin s on the dat e of de li very o r on the dat e of inst al lati on if ins tall ed by Agile nt . If c ust omer sc hedule s or de la ys Agilent installation more than 30 days after delivery, wa rranty begins on the 31st da y from delivery.

6. Warran ty does not apply t o defec ts resul ting fr om (a) imp roper or inad equate ma intenan ce or ca librat ion, (b) s oftwar e, inte rfacing, pa rts or suppl ies not suppli ed by Agilent Technologies , (c) unauthor ized modification or misuse, (d) op eration outside of the published enviro nm ental specifications for the produ ct, or (e) improper site preparation or m aintenance.

7. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER WARRANTY OR CONDITION, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND AGILENT SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

8. Agil ent will b e liabl e for da mage to tangibl e prope rty per i ncident u p to th e grea ter of $30 0,000 o r the act ual amou nt paid for t he pro duct that is the subject of the claim, and for damages for bodily inj ury or death, t o the extent tha t all such damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to hav e been directly caused by a de fective Agilent produc t.

9. TO THE EXTE NT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY ST ATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXLUSIVE REMEDIES. EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT WILL AGILENT OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SPE CIAL, I NCIDENTAL, CONSEQUE NTIAL (INCL UDING LOST PROFI T OR DATA), OR OTHER DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.

FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUS TRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: THE WARRANTY T ERMS CONTAINED I N THIS STATEMENT, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED, DO NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND ARE IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU.

U.S. Government Restricted Rights

The Software and Docume ntation have been developed entirely at private expense. They are del ivered and licensed as " com mercial computer software" as defined in D FA R S 252.227- 7013 (Oct 1988), DFARS 252. 211-7015 (May 1991) or DFARS 252.227-7014 (Jun

1995), as a "commercial item" as defined in FAR 2.101(a ), or as "Restricted compute r software" as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (Jun

1987)(o r any equivalent agency re gulation or contract clause), which ever is applicable. You have only those rights provided for such Software and Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS cl ause or the Agilent standard software agre em ent for the product involved.

This is a mea surement Category II produ ct designed for measurements at voltages up to 300V fr om earth, including measurements of voltages at typical mains socket outlets. The product should not be used to make voltage measurements on a fixed electrical installation includ ing building wi ring, circuit breakers, or service panels.

E1441A Function/Arbit rary Waveform Generator User / Service and SCPI Programming Manual

IEC Measurement Category II Overvoltage Protection

Edition 3 Rev 2

Documentation History

All Ed itions and Upd ates of this manual and their creatio n date are lis ted below. The first Edition of the man u al is Edition 1. The Edition number increments by 1 whenever the manual is revi sed. Updates, which are issued between Editions , contain replacement pa ges to correc t or add additional information to the cu rrent Edition of the manual. Whenever a new Ed ition is created, it will contain all of the Update in formatio n for the previous Edi tion. Eac h new Editi on or Update al so incl udes a revi sed copy of this docum entati on histor y page.

Edition 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 1997

Edition 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1997

Edition 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 1999

Edition 3 Rev 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 2006

Trademarks

Microsoft® is a U .S . regist er ed tra demar k of Micro so ft Corpo ration Windows NT® is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Windows® and MS Windows® are U.S. registered tradem arks of Microsoft Corporat ion

Safety Symbols

Instruction manual symbol affix ed to

Instruction manual symbol affix ed to product . Ind ica te s t hat t he u ser must r efer t o

product . Ind ica te s t hat t he u ser must r efer t o the manu a l fo r sp ec ific WAR N IN G or

the manu a l fo r sp ec ific WAR N IN G or CAUTION information to avoid personal

CAUTION information to avoid personal injury or dam age to the product.

injury or dam age to the product.

Indicates the field wi ring terminal t hat must be connect ed to earth ground before operating the equipment—protects against electrical shock in case of fault.

WARNING

Alternating current (AC)

Direct current (DC).

Indicates hazardous voltages.

Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that could cause bodily injury or death.

Frame or c hassis grou nd termina l—typicall y connect s to the equipm ent's metal frame.

CAUTION

Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that could po ssibly c ause damage to equipment or permanent loss of data.

WARNINGS

The follo w ing general safety precautions mus t be observed during all phases of operation, service, and re pair of this product. F a ilu re to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product. Agilent Technologies, Inc. assumes no liab ility for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements.

Ground the equipm ent: For Safety Class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal), an uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the mains pow er source to the product input wiring term inals or suppl ied power cable.

DO NOT operate the produc t in an explosive atmosphere or in the pr esence of flammable gase s or fumes. For cont inued protection against fire, replace the li ne fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the same voltage and current rating and type. DO NOT

use repaired fuse s or short-circuited fuse holders. Keep away from live circuits: Ope rating personnel mus t not remove equipment covers or shields . Procedures involving the removal of

covers or shields are for use by serv ice-trained personn el only. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exi st even with the equipmen t sw itch ed off. To a void d ang er ous elect r ical sho ck, DO NOT per form proc edu re s invo lv ing co ver or shie ld rem oval u nl ess you are qualified to do so.

DO NOT operat e damaged equipment: Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features built into this product have been impaired, either through physical damage, e x cessive moisture, or any other reason, REMOVE POWER an d do not use the product until safe operat i on ca n be veri fi ed by servi ce- trai ne d person nel . If ne ces sa ry, re tu rn the pr odu ct to an Agi lent Tech nologi es Sales and Servi ce Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are ma intained.

DO NOT serv ice or adj ust al one : Do not at t empt in te rnal ser vi ce or adj us tmen t u nl ess an oth er per son , cap abl e o f rend er in g fi rst ai d an d resuscitation, is present.

DO NOT substitut e parts or modify e quipm ent: Be cause of the da nger of intr od ucing a ddi tion al hazar ds, do not in st all s ubsti t ute pa rt s or perform any unauthori zed modification to the product. Return the product to an Agilent Tec hnologies Sales and Service Office fo r service and repair to ensure that safety features are mai ntained.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014

Manufacturer’s Name:

Agilent Technologies, Incorporated

Manufacturer’s Address: Measurement Product Generation Unit

815 14th ST. S.W. Loveland, CO 80537 USA

Declares, that the product

Product Name: Model Number:

Arbitrary Waveform Generator E1441A

Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).

Conforms with the following European Directives:

The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and carries the CE Marking accordingly

Conforms with the following product standards: EMC Standard

IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 CISPR 11:1997 +A1:1997 / EN 55011:1998 IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995 IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994

Limit

Group 1 Class A 4kV CD, 8kV AD 3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz

0.5kV signal lines, 1kV power lines

0.5 kV line-line, 1 kV line-ground 3V, 0.15-80 MHz I cycle, 100%

[1]

Canada: ICES-001:1998 Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS 2064.1

Safety

IEC 61010-1:1990+A1:1992+A2:1995 / EN 61010-1:1993+A2:1995 Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1:1992 UL 3111-1:1994

Supplemental Information:

[1]

The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems.

September 5, 2000

Date Name

Quality Manager

Title

Authorized EU-representative: Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Herrenberger Straβe 130, D 71034 Böblingen, Germany

For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor.

Notes:

Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator

General Information

This chapter provides ge neral modul e informati on followed by the t asks you must perform to set up your module and verify your installation was successful. Chapter cont ents are:

Chapter 1

Agilent E1441A

Module Setup

• Setting the Module Address Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 14

• Interrupt Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 15

• Installing into the Mainframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 15

• Faceplate Indicators and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 16

• Initial Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 17

• The Agilent E1441A Function Generator and Arbitrary Waveform

Generator (FUNC/ARB WAVEFORM GEN) is a VXIbus C-size message-based sla ve device.

• Programming the Agilent E1441A can either be through a command

module using an GPIB interface or an embedded controller. In either case you can use the Standard Commands fo r Programmable Instruments (SCPI; See “Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Ref erence”

on page 65.) with the Standard Instrument Control Language (SICL).

• A VXIplug&play driver is supplied on a CD Rom with the Agilent

E1441A. All documentation for the use of this driver is contained on-line.

• Option 001 provides a ±1 ppm timebase which gives 10 times the

frequency stabil ity of the standard timebase. It also provides you the ability to control phas e offset.

Chapter 1

Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Module Setup 13

Setting the Module Address Switch

The logical addre ss switch factory setting is 80. Valid addre sses are from 1 to 254 for static configura tion (the address you set on the switch) and address 255 for dynamic configuration. The Agilent E1441A supports dynamic configuration of the addr ess. This means the address is set program- matically by the resource manager when it encounters a module with address 255 that supports dyna mic configuration.

If you install more than one Function Generator, each module must have a different logic al address. If you use a VXIbus command module, the logical address must be a multiple of eight (e.g., 80, 88, 96, etc.) Each instrument must have a unique secondary addres s which is the logic al address divided by eight.

Note When using an Agilent E1405A/B or E1406A as the VXIbus resource

manager with SCPI commands, the F unction Generator's address switch value must be a multiple of 8.

Figure 1-1. Setting the Logical Address

14 Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Module Setup

Chapter 1

Interrupt Priority

The Agilent E1441A Function Generat or / Arbitrary Waveform Generator is a VXIbus interrupter. However, ther e is no interrupt priority level se ttin g to be made on the module. Interrupt priority level, setup and activation are configured on the resource manager . Fo r example, you configure the interrupt priority on the Agilent E1405B and E1406A Command Modules using the DIAGnostic:INTer rupt command subsystem. Refer to your resource manager's docume ntation for infor mation on setti ng your system's interrupt priority.

Installing into the Mainframe

The Agilent E1441A should always be installed to the right of an existing VXIbus module with no e mpty slots betwe en them. The sof t black gasket on the Agilent E1441A’s left panel must conta ct an adjacent mo dule in order to provide the module’s speci fied Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC).

WARNING To prevent electical shock in the case of equipment or field

wiring failure, tighten the faceplate (module retaining) screws.

Chapter 1

Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Module Setup 15

Faceplate Indicators and Connec tors

Faceplate Indicators

"Failed" turns on momentarily during the function generator's power-on self-test. If the function generator successfully establishes internal communication, the indicator turns off. If the function generator fails to establish inter nal communication, the indicat or remai ns on.

"Access" turns on only when the res ource manager is communicating with the function generator.

"Errors" turns on only when an error is present in the function generator's error queue. The error can result from improperly exe cuting a command or the function generato r being unable to pass a part of self-test or calibration. Use the SYST:ERR? command repeatedly to cl ear the error que ue. A response of +0,"No error" indicate s the error queue is empty. See Appendix B, Agilent E1441A Function Generator Error Messages, for a list of all errors.

"Overload" tu rns on whe n the func tion gener ator sense s a si gnal appl ied to t he output terminal that exce eds the present output level. The output terminal is disconnected while the "Overloa d" light is on.

Option 00 1 Phase-Lo ck 10 MH z Reference Terminal s

These connectors allow sync hronization between multiple Agilent E1441As or to an external 10 MHz clock signa l. Additi onally, opti on 001 allows p hase offset control.

Standard Input/Output Terminals

The function generator 's faceplate contains the foll owing terminals:

1. External Trigger/FSK/Burst modulation input terminal

2. Sync signal output terminal for all standard output functi ons

3. AM Modulation input terminal

4. Output terminal

Note The outer shell of the "Ext T rig/FSK/Burst" BNC connect or is

connected to chassis. All other BNC connectors are floating.

Figure 1-2. F unction Gene ra tor Terminals

16 Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Module Setup

Chapter 1

Initial Operation

Note This discussion applies only to SCPI (Standard Commands for

To program the Function Generator using SCPI, you must select the interface address and SCPI commands to be used. Guidelines to sele ct SCPI commands for the Functi on Genera tor f ollow. See the Agilent 7 5000 S eries C Installation and Getting Started Guide for interface addressing.

Programmable Instr uments) programming. The program is written using Agilent VISA function calls. Agilent VISA allows you to execute on VXIplug&play system frameworks tha t have the VISA I/O layer installed (visa.h includ e fi le).

Programming the

Function Generator

#include <stdio.h>

#include <visa.h>

/*** FUNCTION PROTOTYPE ***/

void err_handler (ViSession vi, ViStatus x);

#define DEVICE_ADDRESS "GPIB0::9::10::INSTR"

void main(void)

{

char buf[512] = {0};

Example: Perform a Fun ction Generator Self -Test and Read the Result.

Programming the F unction Generator using Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumen ts (SCPI) requires that you select the contr oller language (e.g., C, C++, Basic, etc.), inte rface address and SCPI commands to be used. See the "C-Size Installa tion and Getting Started Guide" (or equivalent) for int erfacing, addressing and controller information.

The following C program verifies c ommunication between the controller, mainframe and Func tion Generator . It res ets the module ( *RST), queri es the identity of the module (*IDN?) and initiates a self-test of the Function Generator. See the program 1441init.c on the Instrument Drivers CD.

Chapter 1

#if defined(_BORLANDC_) && !defined(_WIN32_)

_InitEasyWin();

#endif

ViStatus err;

ViSession defaultRM, funcgen;

/* Open resource manager and Function Generator sessions*/

viOpenDefaultRM (&defaultRM);

viOpen(defaultRM, DEVICE_ADDRESS,VI_NULL, VI_NULL, &funcgen);

/* Set the timeout value to 10 seconds. */

viSetAttribute(funcgen, VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, 10000);

Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Module Setup 17

/* Reset the module, and clear status regs. */

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "*RST;*CLS\n");

if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Query the module identification. */

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "*IDN?\n");

if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viScanf(funcgen, "%t", &buf);

if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

printf("Module ID = %s\n\n", buf);

/* Perform a module self-test. */

err=viQueryf(funcgen, "*TST?\n", "%t", &buf);

if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

printf("Self-test response (0 passed) = %s\n\n", buf);

/* Check for system errors. */

err=viQueryf(funcgen, "syst:err?\n", "%t", buf);

if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

printf("System error response = %s\n\n", buf);

/* Close Instrument Session */

err=viClose(funcgen);

if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

} /* end of main */

/*** Error handling function ***/

void err_handler(ViSession funcgen, ViStatus err)

{

char buf[1024] = {0};

viStatusDesc(funcgen, err, buf);

printf("ERROR = %s\n", buf);

return;

}

Example Pro grams Several exampl e progr ams, including a performance verification program

and an adjustment program, can be found on the Agilent Universal Instrument Drivers CD. The directory path is <drive>:\examples\hpe1441.

18 Agilent E1441A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Module Setup

Chapter 1

Agilent E1441A Application Information

This chapter provides information for using the Agilent E1441A Function / Arbitrary Waveform Generator in se ven parts:

• Functional Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 19

• Phase-Lock Capabilities (Opt 001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 49

• Triggering the Function Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 52

• System-Related Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 55

• Power-On and Reset State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 57

• Application Program Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 58

Functional Capabilities

This section provides detailed information about the functional capabili ties of the function generator. This section is divided into the following topic s:

Chapter 2

• “ Output Configuration” on page 19

• “Amplitude Modulation (AM)” on page 28

• “ F requency Modulation (FM)” on page 30

• “Burst Modulation” on page 33

• “Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation” on page 40

• “ F requency Sweep” on page 43

• “ Arbitrary Wa veforms” on page 46

See also“Command Index by Function” on page 65. Chapter 3, Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference, lists the syntax for

the

SCPI commands available to program the funct ion generator.

Throughout this manual, the following conventions are used for

SCPI command syntax for remote interfac e programming.

Square brackets ( [ ] ) indicate optional keywords or parameters. Triangle brackets ( < > ) indicate that you must substitute a value for the

enclosed parameter. A vertical bar ( | ) separates multiple paramete r choices.

Chapter 2

Output

Configuration

This section contains information to help you configure the function generator for o utputting wave forms. You may never have to change some of the parameters discusse d here , but the y are provided to give you the flexibilit y you might need. Topics covered on output configuration are:

Agilent E1441A Application Information 19

• Output Function

• Output Frequency

• Output Amplitude

• DC Offset Voltage

• Output Units

• Duty Cycle

• Output Termination

• SYNC Signal

• Instrument Storage State

Note The Agilent E1441A functions do not all have the same maxi mum limit for

frequency and amplitude. Therefore, when c hanging functions, you can generate a "Settings conflict" error when the new function's frequency or amplitude has a maximum value less than the current output setting. The function generato r automatically adjusts to the maximum value of the function you specify and generates the new output signa l.

Output Function The function generator can output five standard waveforms including sine,

square, tria ngle, ramp, and n oise. You can also se lect on e o f five predefine d arbitrary waveforms or download your own custom waveforms. You can internally modulate any of the standard waveforms (including arbitrary) using

AM, FM, FSK, or burst modulation. Linear or logarit hmic frequency

sweeping is available for any of the standard wavef orms (excep t noise) and arbitrary wav ef o rms. The default function is sine wave.

Possible Conflict wit h Output Frequency: The output frequency is automatically adj usted if you select a function whose maximum frequency is less than that of the currently active function. For example, if you output a 1 MHz sine wave and then change the function to triangle wave, the function generato r will adjust the output to 100 kHz (the upper limit for triangle waves). See Table 2-1. A -221, “Settings conflict” error is generated and the frequency is adjusted.

Possible Conflict wit h Output Amplitude: The output amplitude is automatically adj usted if you select a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the currently active function. This confli ct may arise when the output units a re Vrms or dBm due t o th e dif fer enc es i n cr est f act or for t he output functions . For example, if you outpu t a 5 Vrms squar e wave (into 50 ohms) and then change the f unction to s ine wave, t he function generator wil l adjust the output a mplitude to 3. 535 Vrms (the upper li mit for sine wave s in Vrms). See Table 2-4. A -221, “Settings conflict” e rror is gene rated and the amplitude is adjusted.

Valid Function/ Modulation Modes

The following matrix shows whic h output functions are allowed with each modulation mode. Each “ a function that is not allowed with the selected modulati on, the modulation mode is turned off

X” indicates a valid combina tion. I f you change to

20 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Table 2-1.

Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise Arb

AM Carrier X X X X X

AM Modulating Wave X X X X X X

FM Carrier X X X X X

FM Modulating Wave X X X X X X

FSK Modulation X X X X X

Burst Modulation X X X X X

Frequency Sweep X X X X X

Use the following command to select the output function:

FUNCtion:SHAPe SIN|SQU|TRI|RAMP|NOIS|USER|DC

You can also use the APPLy command to select the function, frequency, amplitude, and offset with a single command. Because the APPLy command also changes duty cycle, modulation type, trigger source, and trigger slope, you must place the APPLy command fir st in any sequence of configur ation commands.

Output Frequency As shown below, the output frequency range depends on the function

currently selecte d. The table shows functions in decending order of the maximum frequency. The default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions.

Table 2-2.

Parameter

Name

frequency numeric Sine 100 µHz 15 MHz Hz

Parameter

Type Function

Square 100 µHz 15 MHz Hz Built-In Arbs 100 µHz 5 MHz Hz Ramp 100 µHz 100 kHz Hz Triangle 100 µHz 100 kHz Hz

Minimum

Frequency

Maximum

Frequency

Default

Units

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 21

For arbitrary waveforms that you create and download to memory, the maximum frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform. As shown below, the maximum output frequency decreases as you specify more points in the waveform. The five built-in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz.

Table 2-3.

Number of Arb Poi nts Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency

8 to 8,192 (8k) 100 mHz 5 MHz

8,193 to 12, 287 (12k) 100 mHz 2.5 MHz

12,288 to 16,000 100 mHz 200 kHz

Possible Conflict wit h Function Change: The output frequency is automatically adj usted if you select a function whose maximum frequency is less than that of the currently active function. For example, if you output a 1 MHz sine wave and then change the function to triangle wave, the function generato r will adjust the output to 100 kHz (the upper limit for triangle waves). A -221, “Sett ings conflict” error is generated and the frequency is adjusted.

Possible Conflict wit h Duty Cycle (square wave only): For output frequencies above 5 MHz, the duty cycle is limited to values between 40% and 60% (below 5 MHz, the range is 20% to 80%). The duty cycle is automatically adj usted if you select a frequency that is not valid wit h the present duty c ycle. For example, if you set the duty cycle to 70% and then change the frequency to 8 MHz, the function gener ator will automatically adjust the duty cycle to 60% (the upper limit for this frequency). A -221,

“Settings conflict” error is generated and the duty cycle is adjusted. Use the following command to set the output frequenc y:

FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

Output Amplitude As shown below, the output amplitude range depends on the function

currently selecte d and the output termination. The default amplitude is 100 mVpp (into 50 ohms) for all functions.

22 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Table 2-4.

Parameter

Name

amplitude numeric Sine 50Ω 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Vpp

amplitude numeric Sine Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Vpp

Parameter

Type Function

Square 50Ω 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Triangle 50Ω 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Ramp 50Ω 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Noise 50Ω 50 mVpp 10 Vpp Built-In

Arbs

Square Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Triangl e Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Ramp Open Circui t 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Noise Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp Built-In

Arbs

Output

Termination

50Ω 50 mVpp 10 Vpp

Open Circuit 100 mVpp 20 Vpp

Minimum

Amplitude

Maximum

Amplitude

Default

Units

For arbitrary waveforms, the maximum amplitude will be limited if the data points do not span the full range of the outpu t Converter). For example, the bui lt-in “ range of values between

±1 and therefore its maximum amplitude is 6.084

SINC” waveform does not u se the full

DAC (Digital- to-Analog

Vpp (into 50 ohms).

Chapter 2

Possible Conflict wit h Function Change: The output amplitude is automatically adj usted if you select a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the currently active function. This confli ct may arise when the output units a re Vrms or dBm due t o th e dif fer en ces i n cr est f act or for t he output functions . For example, if you outpu t a 5 Vrms squar e wave (into 50 ohms) and then change the f unction to s ine wave, t he function generator wil l adjust the output a mplitude to 3. 535 Vrms (the upper li mit for sine wave s in Vrms). A -221, “Settings conflict” error is generated and the amplitude is adjusted.

Output Amplitude and Output Termination: The output amplitude is automatically adj usted (and no error is generated) if you change the output termination. For example, if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the terminatio n from 50 ohms to “high impedance”, the displayed amplitude will double to 20 Vpp. If you change from “high impedance” to 50 ohms, the displayed amplitude will drop in half. See “Output

Termination” on page 25. for more information.

Offset Voltage Restrictions: The output amplitude (in Vpp) and the

dc offset voltage must obey the foll owing restrictions. If the specified amplitude is not va lid, the function generator will automatically adjust it to

Agilent E1441A Application Information 23

the max im u m v alu e al l ow ed wi t h t h e pr ese n t of fs et v ol t ag e. ( Vmax is either

10 volts for a high impedance terminat ion or 5 volts for a 50 ohm termination; Vpp is the output amplitude in volts peak-to-peak.)

--------

offset

+ V

≤ and V

max

offset

≤

A -221, “Settings conflict” error is generated and the amplitude is adjusted. A momentary glitch occurs in the output waveform at certain voltages due

to output attenuator switching. This positive-going glitch occurs when the output voltage crosses t he break-point voltage either from a lower vo ltage or a higher volta ge. The voltages are shown below (inVpp) for a 0 volt dc offset: .252, .399, .502, .796, 1, 1.59, 2.0, 3.17, 3.99, 6.32, 7.96

The output voltage will momentarily drop to 0 volts at certain voltages due to output relay switchin g. This oc curs when the output voltage crosses the break-point voltage either from a lower voltage or a higher voltage. The voltages are shown below (in Vpp) for a 0 volt dc offset: .317, .632, 1.26, 2.52, 5.02

You can set the units for output amplitu de to Vpp, Vrms, or dBm. See

“Output Units” on page 25. for more information.

For dc volts, the output level is actually controlled by setting the offset voltage. You can set the dc voltage to any value bet ween 50 ohms or

±10 Vdc into an open circuit. See “DC Offset Voltage” on

±5 Vdc into

page 24. for more information.

Use the following command to set the output amplitude:

VOLTage <amplitude>|MINimum|MAXimum

DC Offset Voltage At power-on, the dc offse t is set to 0 volts. You can set the offset to a positive

or negative number with the r estriction s shown below. If the specified offset voltage is not val id, the func tion ge nerato r will automati call y adjust it to the maximum dc volta ge allowed with the pr esent amplitu de. (Vmax is e ither 10 volts for a high impedance termination or 5 volts for a 50 ohm termination; Vpp is the output amplitude in volts peak-t o-peak.)

offset

A -221, “Settings conflict ” error is generated and the o ffset is adjus t ed. DC Offset and Output Termination: The offset voltage is automatically

adjusted (and no error is generated) if you change the output terminatio n. For example, if you set the offset to 100 mVdc and then change the

--------

+ V

≤ and V

max

offset

≤

24 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

terminatio n fro m 50 o h ms to “h ig h imp edance”, the displ ay ed o ffs et will double to 200 mVdc. If you chang e from “hi gh impedanc e” t o 50 ohms, the displayed off set will drop in h alf. See “Output T erminati on” on page 25. for

more information.

For dc volts, the output level is actually controlled by setting the offset voltage. You can set the dc voltage to any value bet ween 50 ohms or

±10 Vdc into an open circuit.

±5 Vdc into

Use the following command to set the dc offset:

VOLTage:OFFSet <offset>|MINimum|MAXimum

You can also use the APPLy command to select the function, frequency, amplitude, and offset with a single command. Because the APPLy command also changes duty cycle, modulation type, trigger source, and trigger slope , you m ust place the APPLy command fi rst in any sequence of configuration commands.

Output Units Applies only to output amplitude (does not affect offset). At power-on,

the units for output amplitude are volts peak-to-peak. Output units:

Vpp, Vrms, or dB m . The default is Vpp.

The unit set ting is stor ed in volatile memory; the units are set to “Vpp” when power has been off or after a remote interface reset.

Use the following command to select the units of the output signal:

VOLTage:UNIT VPP|VRMS|DBM|DEFault

Output Termination Applies only to output amplitude and offset voltage. The function generator

has a fixed output i mpedance of 50 ohms on the OUTPUT terminal. You can specify whether you ar e terminating the output into a 50 ohm load or an open circuit. Incorrect impedance matching between the funct ion generator and your load will result in an amplitude or off set which does not match the specified signal le vel.

Output terminat ion: 50

2-4 for a list of amplitude limits for all functions.

The output termi nation setting is stored in volatile memory; 50 when power has been off or after a remote interface reset.

The amplitude (or dc offset) is automatically adjusted (and no error is generated) if you c hange the out put termin ation. For example , if you set th e amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change t he terminati on from 50 ohms to “high impedance”, the ampl itude will double t o 20 Vpp. If you change from “high impedance” to 50 ohms, the amplitude will drop in half.

Ω or High impedanc e. The default is 50Ω. See Table

Ω is selected

Chapter 2

If you specify a 50 ohm termination but are actually terminati ng into an open circuit, the output will be twice the value specified. For example, if you se t the offset to 100 mVdc (and specify a 50 ohm termination) but do not connect a 50 Ω load, the actual offset will be 200 mVdc.

Agilent E1441A Application Information 25

Use the following command to set the output termination:

OUTPut:LOAD 50|INFinity|MINimum|MAXimum

Duty Cycle Applies only to square waves. Duty cycle is specified as a percen t age an d

represents the amount of time per cycle tha t the square wave is high.

Figure 2-1.

Duty cycle: 20% to 80%, in 1% increments (frequency ≤5 MHz).

40% to 60%, in 1% increments (frequency > 5 MHz). The default is 50%.

The duty cycle is stored in volatile memory; the duty cycle is set to 50% when power has been off or after a remote interface reset. The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to 50% for square waves.

Before attempting to set the duty cycle , you must enable the square wave function. No error is generated, but the specif ied duty cycl e is remembered when you change to the square wave function.

The duty cycle setting is remember ed when you change from square wave to another function. When you return to the square wave function, the previous duty cycle is use d.

Possible Conflict wit h Output Frequency: The duty cycle is automati cally adjusted if you select a frequency that is not valid with the present duty cycle. For example, if you set the duty cycle to 70% and then change the frequency to 8 MHz, the function generator will automatically adjust the duty cycle to 60% (the upper limit for this frequency).

Use the following command to set the duty cycle:

PULSe:DCYCle <percent>|MINimum|MAXimum

The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to 50% for square waves.

Sync Signal A sync signal output is provided on the front- panel Sync terminal.

All of the standard output functions ( except dc and noise) have an associated sync signal. For certain applications where you may not want to output the

26 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

sync signal, you can disable the Sync terminal. By default, the sync signal is routed to the Sync terminal (enab le d). When the sync signal is disabled, the output level on the Sync terminal is

indeterminate (it mi ght be a

TTL “high” or a TTL “low”).

For sine, square, triangle, and ramp waveforms, the sync signal is a

TTL

“high” when the waveform's output is posit ive, relativ e to zero volts (or the dc offset value). The signal is a

TTL “low” when the output is negative,

relative to zero volts ( or the dc offset value). For arbitrary waveforms, a momentary

TTL “high” pul se (> 200 ns) is output

which corresponds to the fir st downloaded point in the waveform. For AM and FM, the sync signal is referenced to the modulating signa l (not

the carrier). A momentary

TTL “high” pulse (> 200 ns) is output a t each

zero-crossing point of the modulating signal. For the counted burst mode, a

TTL “low” signal is output while the specif ied

number of cyc les i s ou tput ( for the du ration of the burst ). Af ter the specif ied number of cycles ha s been out put, the sync si gna l goes “high ” u ntil the next burst.

For the external gated burst mode , the sync signal is a

TTL “high” when the

output is positi ve, relative to zero volts (or the dc offset value). The signal is a

TTL “low” when the output is negative, relative to zero volts (or the dc

offset value). For FSK, a momentary

TTL “high” pulse (> 200 ns) is output on the

transition to the “hop” fre quency. For frequency sweeps, the sync signa l is a

(when the start frequenc y is output) and is a

TTL “low” at the start of the sweep

TTL “high” at the end of the

sweep (when the stop frequency is output). Use the following command to set the SYNC signal mode:

OUTPut:SYNC OFF|ON

Setting is s tored in volatile memory.

Instrument State Storage You can store up to four different instrument states in non-volatil e memory.

This enables you to recall the entire instrument configuration using the

*RCL common command.

Four memory locations (numbered 0, 1, 2, and 3) are available to store instrument configurations. The state storage feature “remembers” the function (includi ng arbitrary waveforms), frequenc y, a mplitude, dc offset, duty cycle, as well as any modulation parameters. To recall a stored state, you must use the same memory location used previously to store the state. The instrument state in memory loca tion 0 can become the "*RST" or power-up state by setting MEMory:STATe:RECall:AUTO ON. See reference for this command on page 85

You cannot recall the instr ument stat e from a memory locati on that was not

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 27

previously specifie d as a storage location. For example, an error is gener ated if you attempt to recall from memory loc ation “2” but have never stored to that location.

A +810, “State has not been stored” error is generated if nothing is stored in the specified memory location.

Amplitude

Modulation (AM)

Any arbitrary waveforms downl oaded to “ remembered. However, if an arbi tr ary waveform is being output from non-volatile memory when the state is stor ed, the wavefor m data is stored. The stored waveform is output when the instrument state is recalled.

If you delete an ar bitrary waveform after stor ing the state, the wave form data is lost and the function gene rator will output the “ of the deleted waveform when the state is recalled.

Use the following commands to save and recall state s:

*SAV 0|1|2|3 *RCL 0|1|2|3

You can delete individual stored sta tes and clear the memory location. If nothing is stored in the specif ied memory location, a +810, “State has not been stored” error is generated. Do not delete state 0 or an error +772 will be generated. See “772” on page 148.

MEMory:STATe:DELete 0|1|2|3

A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform. In

the modulating waveform. The function generator will accept an inter nal modulating signal, an external modulating signal, or both. Topics c overed on amplitude modulation are:

AM, the amplitude of the carrie r is varied by the amplitude of

VOLATILE” memo ry are not

SINC” waveform in place

• AM Carrier Waveform Shape

• AM Carrier Frequency

• Amplitude Modulating Waveform Shape

• Amplitude Modulating Waveform Frequency

• Amplitude Modulation Depth

• Amplitude Modulating Source

Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time. When you e nable the previous modulation mode is tur ned off.

Use the following command to select AM modulation: To ensure proper operation, you s hould ena ble parameters.

AM:STATe OFF|ON

AM Carrier Waveform

Shape

28 Agilent E1441A Application Information

AM carrier shape: Sine , Square, Triangle, Ramp, or Arbitrary waveform.

The default is Sine.

AM,

AM after you have set up t he othe r modul ation

Chapter 2

You cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the AM carrier waveform. Use the following command to select the shape of the output function:

AM Carrier Frequency Carrier frequency: 100 µHz to 15 MHz (100 kHz for triangle and ramp).

The default is 1 kHz.

For arbitrary waveforms, the maximum carrier frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform. The five built-in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz.

Use the following command to set the carrie r fre quency:

FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

Amplitude Modulating

Waveform Shape

Amplitude Modulating

Waveform Frequency

The function gener ator will accept an inter nal modulating signal, a n external modulating signal, or both.

Modulating waveform shape (internal source): Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp, Noise, or Arbitrary wavefor m. The defau lt is Sine.

You can use the noise function as the modulating wavefor m. However, you

cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the carrier waveform. Use the following command to set the modulat ing waveform shape:

The function generator will accept an internal modulating signa l, an external modulating signal, or both.

Modulating fr equency (i nte rnal sour ce): 10 mHz to 20 kHz. The default is

100 Hz.

The sync signal for carrier). A momentary

AM is referenced to the modulating signa l (not the

TTL “high” pulse (> 200 ns) is output at each

zero-crossing point of the modulating signal. The signal is output from the front-panel SYNC terminal.

Use the following command to set the modulat ing waveform frequency:

Amplitude Modulation

Chapter 2

Depth

AM:INTernal:FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

The modulat ion depth is expres sed as a percentage and repr esents the extent of the amplitude variati on. At 0% modulation, the output amplitude is half of the selected value. At 100% modulation, the output amplit ude equals the selected val ue.

Agilent E1441A Application Information 29

Modulation depth: 0% to 120%. The default is 100%. Use the following command to set the modulat ion depth:

AM:DEPTh <depth in percent>|MINimum|MAXimum

Amplitude Modulating

Source

The function generator will accept an internal modulating signa l, an external modulating signal, or both.

Modulating s ource: Internal- External (both) or External only. The default

is Both (inte rnal-external).

The External modulating sourc e is always enabled. When both sources are enabled (internal-external), the function generator

adds the internal and externa l modulating signals (the carrier waveform is actually modulated with two waveforms).

When the internal source is disabled (external only), the carrier waveform is expecting a modulating sig nal on the AM Modulation terminal.

You apply the external modulating waveform to the AM Modulation terminal. The modulation depth is controlled by the signal level present (5 volts

peak corresponds to 100% modulation).

Figure 2-2 . AM M odulation In put Signal

Use the following command to set the modulat ing source:

AM:SOURce BOTH|EXTernal

Frequency

Modulation (FM)

A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform. In

the modulating waveform. The function generator will accept only an internal covered on frequency modulation are:

FM modulating signal (no external source is available). Topics

• FM Carrier Waveform Shape

30 Agilent E1441A Application Information

FM, the frequency of the carrier is varied by the amplitude of

Chapter 2

• FM Carrier Frequency

• Frequency Modulating Waveform Shape

• Frequency Modulating Waveform Frequency

• Peak Frequency Deviation

FM Carrier

Waveform Shape

Only one modulation mo de can be enabled at a time. When you enable the previous modulation mode is tur ned off.

Use the following command to enable FM modulation: To ensure proper operation, you should ena ble parameters.

FM:STATe OFF|ON

FM carrier shape: Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp, or Arbitrary waveform.

The default is Sine. You cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the FM carrier waveform. Use the following command to set the shape of the carrier waveform:

FUNCtion:SHAPe SINusoid|SQUare|TRIangle|RAMP|USER

FM after you have set up the other modulation

FM,

FM Carrier Frequency Carrier fre que n cy : 10 mHz to 15 MH z (1 00 kH z for trian gle and ramp).

The default is 1 kHz.

Chapter 2

For arbitrary waveforms, the maximum carrier frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform. The five built-in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz.

The carrier frequenc y must always be greater than or equal to the peak frequency deviation. If you attempt to set the carrier frequ ency to a value less than the deviation, the function generator will auto-matic ally adjust the carrier freque ncy to equal th e present deviati on. A -221, “Set tings conflic t” error is generated and the carrier frequency is adjusted.

The sum of the carrier frequency and peak frequency deviation must be le ss than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function

100 kHz

and 5.1 MHz for arbitrary waveforms). If you attempt to set the carrier frequency to a value that is not valid, the function generator will automatically adj ust the carri er frequency to equa l the presen t deviation. A

-221, “Settings conflict” error is generated and the deviation is adjusted. Use the following command to set the carrie r fre quency:

FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

(15.1 MHz for sine and square, 200 kHz for triangle and ramp,

Agilent E1441A Application Information 31

plus

FM Waveform Shape The function generator will accept only an internal modulating signal. You

cannot modulate with an externa l source. Modulating waveform shape (internal source): Sine, Square, Triangle,

Ramp, Noise, or Arbitrary wavefor m. The defau lt is Sine. You can use the noise function as the modulating wavefor m. However, you

cannot use the noise function or dc volts as the carrier waveform. Use the following command to set the modulat ing waveform shape:

FM Wav efo rm Freq uen cy The function generator will accept only an internal modulating signa l. You

cannot modulate with an externa l source. Modulating frequency: 10 mHz to 10 kHz. The default is 10 Hz.

FM Peak Frequen cy

Deviation

The sync signal for carrier). A momentary

FM is referenced to the modulating signa l (not the

TTL “high” pulse (> 200 ns) is output at each

zero-crossing point of the modulating signal. The signal is output from the front-panel SYNC terminal.

Use the following command to set the modulat ing waveform frequency:

FM:INTernal:FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

The peak frequency deviation represents the variation in frequency of the modulating waveform from the carrier frequency.

Peak frequency deviati on: 10 mHz to 7.5 MHz. The default is 100 Hz. The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the peak

frequency deviation. If you attempt to set the deviation to a value greater than the carrier frequency (with

FM enabled), the function gen erator will

automatically adjust the deviation to equal the present carrier frequency. A

-221, “Settings conflict” error is generate d and the deviation is adjusted. The sum of the carrier f req u en cy and peak frequency deviation must be less

than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function

(15.1 MHz for sine and square, 200 kHz for triangle and ramp, and 5.1

kHz

plus 100

MHz for arbitrary wa veforms). I f you at tempt to se t the de viation t o a value that is not valid, the function generator will automatically adjust the deviation to the maximum value allowed wit h the present c arrier fr equency. A -221, “Settings conflict” error is generated and the dev iation is adjusted.

Use the following command to set the peak frequency deviation:

FM:DEViation <peak deviation in Hz>|MINimum|MAXimum

32 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Burst Modulation You can configure the function genera tor to output a burst of waveform

cycles. The function generator can produce a burst using sine, square, triangle, ramp, and arbit rary waveforms. Topics covered on burst

modulation are:

• “Burst Modes” on page 33

-- “ Counted Burst Mode” on page 33

-- “ Gated Burst Mode” on page 35

• “ B urst Trigger Source” on page 35

-- “For Counted Burst Mode” on page 35

-- “For Gated Burst Mode” on page 36

• “ B urst Carrier Frequency” on page 36

• “ B urst Count” on page 38

• “ B urst Rate” on page 39

• “ B urst Phase” on page 39

Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time. When you enable the burst mode, the previously enabled modulation mode is turned off.

Use the following command to enable burst modulation: To ensure proper operation, you should enable the burst mode after you have set up the other modulation parameters.

BM:STATe OFF|ON

Burst Modes There are two major modes of burst modul ation; the "counted" burst , and the

"gated" burst modes. In count ed mode, the length of the burst is controlled by cycle count (BM:NCYCles). In gated mode, the duration of the burst is controlled by an external "gate" signal. The BM:SOURce command selects between the two modes:

BM:SOURce INTernal BM:SOURce EXTernal

Counted Burst Mode

A counted burst is started by a trigger signal from either an internal trigger timer (TRIG :SO U R IN Tern a l) , or an ext ern al sig nal (TRIG:SOUR EXTernal|TTLTRG<n>|BUS). The duration of the burst is set by specifying the number of wavefo rm cycle s (BM:NC YCles) .

Figure 2-3 shows the opera tion of the counted burst mode with internal

this select s the "counted" mode this selects the "gated" mode

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 33

trigger source.

CountedB urst Modu lation Output

Burst ModulationT rigger Signal

(INT ernaltimershown)

Figure 2-3. Counted Burst Mo de wi th INTernal Trigger

The command sequence to configure this mode is:

burststa rtson

rising edge

1/(Burst Rate)

burst ends when

count reached

APPLY:<shape> <freq>,<ampl>,<offset> BM:STATE ON BM:SOURce INTernal TRIG:SOURce INTernal

BM:NCYCles <cycle_count> BM:INTernal:RATE <frequency>

Figure 2-3 shows the opera tion of the counted burst mode with external

trigger source.

Counted Burst Modulation Output

Burst Modulation TriggerSignal

(TRIG:SOUR EXT,:SLOPE POS)

Figure 2-4. C ou nt ed Burst Mode wi th E XTernal Trigger

set up wave form enable burst modul ation this select s the "counted" mode trigger from internal trigger timer set the bur st count set the b urst re p rate

burst ends when

count reached

burst starts on edge set by TRIG:SLOPE

The command sequence to configure this mode is:

APPLY:<shape> <freq>,<ampl>,<offset> BM:STATE ON BM:SOURce INTernal TRIG:SOURce EXTernal|TTLTRG<0-7>|BUS BM:NCYCles <cycle_count> set the bur st count

34 Agilent E1441A Application Information

set up wave form enable burst modul ation this select s the "counted" mode use external trigger

Chapter 2

Gated Burst Mode

There is only one form of the ga ted burst mode. The burst i s controlle d by a gating signa l that i s supplied from an external tr igger so urce. The bur st starts when the trigger signal is set to a TTL "high" level. The burst ends when the gating signal returns to a TTL "low" level.

Gated Burst Modulation Output

Burst Modulation Gating Signal

(selected by TRIG:SOUR

either EXT or TTLTRG<0-7>)

NOTE: TTLTpolarity is always

the oppositeofthe of EXT TRIG

The command sequence to configure this mode is:

APPLy:<shape> <freq>,<ampl>,<offset> BM:SOURce EXTernal TRIG:SOURce EXTernal|TTLTRG<0-7> BM:STATE ON

T able 2-5 shows an overview of the allowable burst mode configu rations

Table 2-5. Burst Mode Configurations

Burst Source

(BM:SOUR)

off period (gate = 0)

on period

(gate = 1)

Figure 2-5. Gated Burst Mode

Trigger Source

TRIG:SOUR

Burst Count

(BM:NCYC)

set up wave form this selects the "gated" mode trigger from exter nal signal AFTER all modulation AND trigger selec tion, enable BMod

Burst Rate

(BM:INT:RATE)

Burst Phase

(BM:PHAS)

Counted Burst Modes INTernal INTernal Available Available Available

EXTernal, BUS, or TTLTRG<n>

Gated Burst Mode External EXTernal or

TTLTRG<n.>

Burst Trigger Source For Counted Burst Mode

When the burst mode is set to "counted" (BM:SOUR INTernal), a trigger

Chapter 2

Available Not Used Available

Not Used Not Used Not Used

Agilent E1441A Application Information 35

signal is required to start the waveform burst. The TRIGger:SOURce choices are:

IMMediate Not available in Burst Modulation; specifying IMM

actually select s EXTernal

INTernal (the power-on/*RST default) This selects the internal

trigger timer. The timer’s repetition r ate is then set by the BM:INTernal:RATE command.

BUS Burst can be triggered by a Group Execute Trigger

(GET) IEEE-488.1 command or the *TRG IEEE- 488.2 common command.

EXTernal This selects the "Ext Trig/FSK/Burst" connector as the

source of the trigger signal.

TTLTRG<n> Selects one of the 8 (TTLTRG0 through

TTLTRG7)VXIbus TTL trigger lines as the trigger source.

For Gated Burst Mode

When the burs t mode is "g ated " (BM :SO U R EXTernal), the wa vefo rm burst is controlled (gated) by an an ex te rnal trigg er. The ch oi ces for TRIG:SOUR are:

EXTernal Selects the "EXT Trig/FSK/Burst" connector as the

source of the burst gating signal. Driven to a TTL "high", the waveform is output. When at a TTL "low", the output is at the DC offset voltage.

TTLTrg<n> Selects one of the 8 (TTLTRG0 through

TTLTRG7)VXIbus TTL trigger lines as the burst gating signal. When the TTLTRG line is true, the waveform is outpu t. When the line is false, t he output i s at the DC offset volt ag e.

Bus, IMM, and INT These are not valid choices for gated burst mode.

Specifying any of these selects EXTernal.

Use the following c ommand to select a trigger source for burst modulation:

TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal|BUS|TTLTrg<0 - 7>

See “Tri ggering th e Functi on Generator” on page 52. for more information

Burst Carrier Frequency The carrier frequency defines the repetition ra te of the burst waveform in the

triggered and external gated modes. In the triggered mode, the number of cycles specified by the burst count are output at the frequency of th e carrier signal. In the external gated mode, the carrier frequency is output when the external gate signal is tr ue (

TTL high).

36 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Keep in mind that the carrier frequen cy is diffe rent than the “burst rate” which specifies the interval between bursts (triggered mode only).

Burst Carrier freque ncy: 10 mHz to 5 MHz (100 kHz for triangle and ramp). The default is 1 kHz. You can use sine, square, ramp, triangle, or arbitrary wav ef o rms fo r the ca rri er w aves hap e .

Be sure to note the re strictions for carrier frequency and bur st count shown on the following pages.

For arbitrary waveforms used as the carrier wavef orm, the maximum frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform. The five built-in arbi trary wavefor ms can b e output at a max imum of 5 MHz (be

sure to note the restrictions below).

Table 2-6.

Number of Arb Poi nts Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency

8 to 8,192 (8k) 100 mHz 5 MHz

8,193 to 12, 287 (12k) 100 mHz 2.5 MHz

12,288 to 16,000 100 mHz 200 kHz

For sine, square, and arbitrary waveforms (does not apply to ramp and triangle waveforms), the relati onship betwee n the carrier freque ncy and the minimum burst count is shown below.

Table 2-7.

Carrier Frequency Minimum

Burst Count

10 mHz to 1 MHz 1 >1 MHz to 2 MHz 2 >2 MHz to 3 MHz 3 >3 MHz to 4 MHz 4 >4 MHz to 5 MHz 5

If you attempt to set the carrier fr equency to a value that is not valid, the function generator will automatically adjus t the freque ncy to the maximum value allowe d with the present burst count. A -221, “Settings conflict” error is gen erated and the carrier frequency is adjusted.

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 37

For all waveforms used with burst, if t he carrier f reque ncy is s et le ss than or

Burst Count

equal to 100 Hz, the following relationship applies.

-------------------------------------------------- -

Carrier Frequency

500 ond

sec≤

for Carrier ≤ 100 Ηz

If you attempt to set the carrier fr equency to a value that is not valid, the function generato r will automatically adjust the fre quency to the minimum value allowed with the present burst co unt. A -221, “Settings conflict ” error is generated and the frequency is adjusted.

For the counted burst mode, the sync signal is a

TTL “low” while the

specified number of cycl es is output (for the durat ion of the burst). After the specified number of cyc les has been output, the sync signal goe s “high” until the next burst. The sync signal is out put from the front-panel SYNC terminal.

For the external gated burst mode, the sync signal is a

TTL “high” when the

output is positi ve, relative to zero volts (or the dc offset value). The signal is a

TTL “low” when the output is negative, relative to zero volts (or the dc

offset value) . The sync si gnal i s out put fr om the f ront-pa nel SYNC terminal. Use the following command to set the freque ncy:

FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

You can also use the APPLy command to select the function, frequency, amplitude, and offset of the carrier with a single command. Because the APPLy command also changes duty cyc le, modula tion type, trigger source, and trigger s lope, you must pla ce the APPLy comman d first in any sequence of configuration commands.

Burst Count The burst count defines the number of cycl es to be output per burst. Used

only in the "counted" burst mode (internal or external trigger).

Certain combinations of burst co unt and carrier freque ncy are not allowed. If you attempt to specify a burst count that is not valid, the function generator will automat ically adjust the count to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency.

Make sure you note the restrictions in “Burst Carrier Frequency” before setting the burst count.

Burst count: an infinite burst count. The default is 1 cycle.

When the internal trigger timer is selected (TRIG:SOUR INT), the specified number of cycles is out put ea ch time the tim ed tr igger occur s. the repetit ion rate of the trigger timer is set by BM:INTernal:RATE <freq>.

When an external trigger source is selected (TRIG:SOUR EXT|TTLTRG<n>), the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst rate is ignored. The specified number of cycles is output each time a trigger signa l is applied to the selected trigge r source. The

1 to 50,000 cycl es, i n 1 cycle in crements. You can a ls o selec t

38 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

function generato r is triggered on the rising edge of the trigger source. When the "gated" burst mode is selected, the burst count, burst rate, and

burst phase are ignored (the se parameters are used for the counted burst mode only).

Use the following command to set the burst count:

BM:NCYCles <# cycles>|INFinity|MINimum|MAXimum

Burst Rate The bu rst rate defines the freque ncy at whic h internally triggered bursts are

generated. The burst rate fre quency defines the interval betwe en bursts.

Used only in the counted burst mode (with TRIG:SOUR INTernal).

Keep in mind that the burst rate is different than the “carrier frequency” which specifies the frequency of the bur st signal.

Burst rate: 10 mHz to 50 kHz. The default is 100 Hz. When in "coun ted" burst mode, but with an external trigger source selected

(TRIG:SOUR EXT|TTLTRG<n>), the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst rate is ignored.

When the "gated" burst mode is selected, the burst count, burst rate, and burst phase are ignored (the se parameters are used for the counted burst mode only).

It is possible to specify a burst r ate which is too fast for the function generator to output with the specified carrier frequency and burst count. If the burst rate is too high, the function generator will internally adjust it as needed to allow repeated triggering the burst. The adjustment is han dled internally by the funct ion generator (the burst queried will be the same as specified).

Use the following command to set the burst rat e:

BM:INTernal:RATE <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

Burst Phase The burst phase defi nes the starting phase of the burst.

Burst phase: -360 degrees to +360 degrees, in 0.001 degr ee inc rements.

The default is 0 degrees.

For sine, square, triangle, and ramp waveforms, 0 degrees is the point at which the waveform crosses zero volts (or the dc offset value), in a positive-going direction.

For arbitrary waveforms, 0 degrees is the first data point downloaded to memory.

When the "gated" burst mode is selected, the burst count, burst rate, and burst phase a re ignored (these parameters are used for the "counted" burst mode only).

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 39

Use the following command to set the burst phas e:

BM:PHASe <degrees>|MINimum|MAXimum

Frequency-Shift

Keying (FSK)

Modulation

You can configure the function gen era tor to “shift” its output frequency between two preset values using output shifts be tween the two freque ncies (called the “carrier frequency” and the “hop frequency”) is determined by the internal rate generator or the signal level on the"Ext Trig/FSK/Burst terminal". The function generator

can produce an FSK waveform using sine, square , triangle, ramp, and arbitrary wavefor ms. Topics covered on frequency-shif t keying modulation

are:

FSK modulation. The rate at which the

• “ F SK Carrier Frequency” on page 40

• “FSK “Hop” Frequency” on page 41

• “FSK Rate” on page 41

• “FSK "Hop" Source” on page 42

-- “Internal Hop Source” on page 42

-- “ External Hop Source” on page 42

Only one modulation m ode can be e nabled at a time. When you enable the previous modulation mode is tur ned off.

Use the following command to enable freque nc y-shift keying:To ensure proper operation, you should enable modulation parameters.

FSKey:STATe OFF|ON

FSK after you have set up the other

FSK,

FSK Carrier Frequency FSK Carrier frequency: 10 mHz to 15 MHz (100 kHz for triangle

and ramp). The de fault is 1 k Hz. You can us e sine , squa re, r amp, tr iangle, or arbitrary wav ef o rms fo r the ca rri er w aveform.

For arbitrary waveforms, the maximum carrier frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform. The five built-in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz.

Table 2-8.

Number of Arb Poi nts Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency

8 to 8,192 (8k) 100 mHz 5 MHz

8,193 to 12, 287 (12k) 100 mHz 2.5 MHz

12,288 to 16,000 100 mHz 200 kHz

For an external ly -co nt ro lle d when a "low" command. The hop frequency is output when a “high”

For

FSK, the sync signal is referenced to the FSK “hop” signal (not the

carrier). A momentary to the “hop” frequency. The signal is output from the front- panel Sync terminal.

TTL level is applie d to the source selec ted by the TRIG:SOUR

FSK waveform, the carrier frequency is output

TTL level is applied.

TTL “high” pulse (> 200 ns) is output on the transition

40 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Use the following command to set the freque ncy:

FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

FSK “Hop” Frequency Hop frequency: 10 mHz to 15 MHz (100 kHz for triangle and r amp). The

default is 100 Hz. You can use sine , square, ramp, triangle, or arbitrary

waveforms for the hop frequency waveshape. For arbitrary waveforms, the maximum hop frequency depends on the

number of points specified in the waveform. The five built-in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz.

Table 2-9.

Number of Arb Poi nts Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency

8 to 8,192 (8k) 100 mHz 5 MHz

8,193 to 12, 287 (12k) 100 mHz 2.5 MHz

12,288 to 16,000 100 mHz 200 kHz

For an external ly -co nt ro lle d when a “low”

TTL level is applie d to the FSK terminal. The hop frequency

is output when a “high” For

FSK, the sync signal is referenced to the FSK “hop” signal (not the

carrier). A momentary

FSK waveform, the carrier frequency is output

TTL level is applied.

TTL “high” pulse (> 200 ns) is output on the transition

to the “hop” frequency. The signal is output from the front- panel SYNC terminal.

Use the following command to set the FSK frequency:

FSKey:FREQuency <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

FSK Rate The FSK rate is the r ate at which the output frequency “ shifts” between the

carrier frequen cy and the hop freque ncy when you select the internal source (FSK :SO U R INTe rn al).

FSK rate (internal source ): 10 mHz to 50 kHz. The default is 10 Hz.

FSK

Chapter 2

The

FSK rate is ignored when the external source is selected.

Use the following command to set the FSK rate:

FSKey:INTernal:RATE <rate in Hz>|MINimum|MAXimum

Agilent E1441A Application Information 41

FSK "Hop" Source FSK source: Internal or External. The default is Internal.

Internal Hop Source

When FSK:SOUR is INTernal, the rate at which the output frequency “shifts” between the car rier frequency and hop frequency is deter mined by the FSK rate specified. Figure 2-6 shows FSK operati on with INTernal hop control

FSK Output (sine)

Carrier period

INTernal Hop Signal

1/(FSK Rate)

Hop period

Figure 2-6. Frequency Shift Keying with INTernal Hop Signal

External Hop Source

When FSK:SOUR is EXTernal, the output frequency is determined by the signal level of the source selected by the TRIG:SOUR command. When a “low”

TTL level is present on the Ext Trig BNC, the carrier frequency is

output. When a “high”

TTL level is present on the Ext Trig BNC, the hop

frequency is output. This logic sense is inverted for the TTLTRG lines.

Figure 2-7 shows FSK operation with external hop control

FSK Output (sine)

External Hop Signal

(selected by TRIG:SOUR

either EXT or TTLTRG<0-7>)

NOTE: TTLT polarity is alway s

the opposite of the of EXT TRIG

Figure 2-7. Frequency Shift Keying with EXTernal Hop Signal

Use the following command to select the external FSK source:

42 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Carrier period

Hop period

Chapter 2

FSKey:SOURce EXTernal TRIGger:SOURce EXT | TTLT<0-7>

select ext FSK source now select which ext source

Frequency Sweep In the frequency sweep mode, th e function generator “steps” from the start

frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate whic h you specify. You can

sweep up or down in frequency, and with either linear or logarithm ic spacing. You can also configure the function generator to output a single sweep (one pass from start frequency to stop frequency) by applying a n external trigger. The function generator can produce a freq uency sweep for sine, square, triangle , ramp, or arbitrary waveforms. Topi cs covere d on frequency sweep are:

• “ S weep Start and Stop Frequencies” on page 43

• “ S weep Time” on page 43

• “Sweep Mode” on page 44

• “ S weep Trigger Source” on page 44

Only one modulation mode can be enabled at a time. When you enable the sweep mode, the previous modulation mode is turned off.

Use the following command to enable the frequency sweep:To ensure proper operation, you should enable the sweep mode after you have set up the other modulation parameters.

Sweep Start and Stop

Frequencies

SWEep:STATe OFF|ON

The start frequency and stop frequency set the upper and lower frequen cy bounds for the sweep. The function generator begins at the start frequenc y, sweeps to the stop frequency, and then rese ts back to the start frequency.

Start and Stop fre quencies: 10 mHz to 15 MHz (100 kHz for triangle and ramp). The sweep is phase continuous over the full frequency range. The default start frequency is 100 Hz. The default stop frequency is 1 kHz. The *RST command sets the start frequency to 10 mHz (minimum) an d t he s top frequency to 15 MHz (maximum).

For arbitrary waveforms, the maximum start or stop frequency depends on the number of points specifi ed in the waveform. The five built-in arbitrary waveforms can be output at a maximum of 5 MHz. To sweep To sweep

The sync signal is a frequency is output) and is a stop frequency is output) . The signal is output from the front-panel SYNC terminal.

Use the following command set the start and stop frequencies:

up in frequency, set the start frequency < stop f r eque n c y . down in frequency, set the start frequency > stop frequency.

TTL “low” at the start of the sweep (when the start

TTL “high” at the end of the sweep (when the

Chapter 2

FREQuency:STARt <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum FREQuency:STOP <frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum

Sweep Time The sweep time spe cif ies the number of seconds re quire d to sweep from th e

Agilent E1441A Application Information 43

start frequency to the stop frequency. The numbe r of frequency points in the sweep depends on the swee p time y ou se lect and is a utomaticall y c alcula ted by the function generator .

Sweep time: 1 ms to 500 seconds. The default is 1 second. The function ge nerator computes between 2,048 and 4,096 freque ncy points

from the start frequency to the stop frequency. Use the following command to set the sweep time:

SWEep:TIME <seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum

Sweep Mode You can sweep with either linear or logarithmic spacing. The output

frequency of a linear sweep changes linearly during the duration of the sweep. For logarithmic spacing, the ou tput frequency changes expon entially during the duration of the sweep.

Sweep mode:

Linear or Logarithmic. The default is Linear.

Use the following command to set the sweep mode:

SWEep:SPACing LINear|LOGarithmic

Sweep Trigger Source External Sources

In the triggered sweep mode (TRIG:SOUR other than IMMediate), the function generato r outputs a single sweep each time a trigger is received. After one swee p from the sta rt frequency to the sto p fr equency, the func ti on generator waits for the next trigger while outputting the start frequency.Figure 2-8 shows the frequency sweep operation with "external" trigger (IMMediate , EXTernal, TTLTRG<n> , or BUS). The defaul t is IMM.

Frequency Sweep Output

sweep start frequency

begin sweep begin sweep

sweep stop frequency

idle at start

frequency

Sweep Trigger Signal

(TRIG:SOUR is EXT|

BUS|TTLTRG<N>)

Figure 2-8. Frequency Sweep with "EXT ernal" Trigger

Internal Source

When the internal trigger source is selected (TRIG:SOUR IMMediate), the function generato r repea tedly outputs a frequency sweep at a rate

44 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

determined by the sweep rate specified. Figure 2-9 shows the frequency sweep operation with internal trigger source.

Frequency Sweep Output

Sweep Trigger Signal

(TRIG:SOUR INT shown)

Figure 2-9. Fr e qu e ncy Sweep wit h In te rnal Trigger

Use the following command to set the sweep trigger source:

TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate|EXTernal|TTLTRG<0-7>|BUS

See “Tri ggering the Function Generator” on page 52. for more information.

sweep start frequency

sweep time

sweep stop frequency

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 45

Arbitrary

Waveforms

There are five built-in arbitrary waveforms stored in non-volatile memory. You can also download up to four user-def ined arbitrary waveforms into non-volatile memory. Each waveform can contain between 8 and 16,000 data points. Topics covered on arbitrary waveforms are:

• Creating Arbitrary Waveforms

• Creating and Storing an Arbitrary Waveform

• Built-In Arbitrary Waveforms

Creating Arbitrary

Waveforms

For most applications, it is not necessary to create a waveform of any specific length sinc e the fun ction generator will automatically sample the available data to produc e an output signa l. In fact, it is generally best to create arbitrar y waveforms which use all available data (16,00 0 points long and the full range from 0 to 4,095 do not have to change the length of the waveform to change its output frequency. All you have to do is create a waveform of any length and then adjust the functi on generator's output fre quency. Remember, if you create an arbitrary waveform that includes three cycles of the same waveshape , the output frequency will actua lly be three times the value you set with the frequency comman d.

When creating arbitrary waveforms, you have control of both th e amplitude quantization and phase truncation errors. For example, pha se truncation harmonics will be generate d when a waveform is crea ted using the full amplitude range of the waveform data points. In this case , the amplitude quantiza tion errors will be near the noise f loor while the time quantiz ation error will produ ce harmonics near the -60 dBc level. Similarly, amplitude quantization harmonics will be generated when you create a waveform using less than the full amplitude resolution of the func tion generator. For example, if you use only one-fifth of the available amplit ude res olution, amplitude quantization will produce harmonics below the -60 dBc level.

When importing da ta from instruments such a s oscilloscopes, the data will generally range between 1,024 and 4,096 time points and between 64 and 256 amplitude points.

DAC (12 bits) but is created using only 1,000

DAC codes). For the Agilent E1441A, you

When creating arbitrar y waveforms, the function generator will always attempt to replicate the finite-length time record to produce a periodic version of the data in waveform memory. As shown on the next page, it is possible that the sha pe and phase of a signal may be such that a tra nsient is introduced at the e nd point. When the waveshape is rep eated for all time, this end-point transient will introduce leakage error in the frequency domain because many spectral ter ms are requir ed to describe the discontinuity.

Leakage erro r is caus ed wh en the w av eform record does not inclu de an integer number of cycles of the funda menta l frequency. Power from the fundamental frequency, and its harmonics, is transferred to spectral components of the rectangular sampling function. Instead of the expecte d narrow spectral line s, le akage can cause significant spre ading around the desired spectral pe aks. You can reduce leakage errors by adjusting the window length to include an int eger number of cyc les or by includi ng more cycles within the window to reduce the residual end-point transient size. Some signals are composed of discrete, non-harmonically relate d

46 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

frequencies. Since these signals are non-repetitive, all frequency components cannot be harmonically related to the window length. You should be careful in these sit uat ions to minimize end-point discontinuities and spectral leakage.

Creating and Storing an

Arbitrary Waveform

The following is an overview of the steps required to download and output an arbitrary waveform. The commands used for arbitrary waveforms are listed on page

Chapter 2, “Application Programs”, contains an example program which shows the use of arbitrary waveforms. You may find i t useful to refer to the program after reading the following section in this chapter.

1. Select the waveform frequency, amplitude, and offset. Use the

APPLy command or the equivalent FREQ, VOLT, and VOLT:OFFS

commands to select the frequency, amplitude, and offset of the arbitrary waveform. Because the APPLy command also changes duty cycle, modulation type, trigger source, and trigger slope, you must place the APPLy command first in any sequence of configu ration commands.

2. Download the data points into volatile memory. You can download between 8 and 16,000 points per wavefor m.

The waveform can be downloa ded as floating-point values or binary i nteger values. Use the values between -1 and +1. Use the

DATA VOLATILE command to download floating-point

DATA:DAC VOLATILE command to

download binary integer values between -2047 and +2047. To ensure that binary data is downloaded properly, you must select the order

in which the bytes are downloaded using the

FORM:BORD command.

3. Copy the arbitrary waveform to non-volatile memory. You can output the arbitrary waveform directly from volatile memory (as

described i n step 2) or you can copy the waveform t o non-volatile memory. Use the

DATA:COPY command to copy the waveform to non-volatile

memory.

4. Select the arbitrary waveform to output. You can select one of the five built-in a rbitrary waveforms, one of four

user-defined waveforms, or the waveform current ly downloaded to volatile memory. Use the

FUNC:USER command to se lect the w avef or m.

5. Output the currently selected arbitrary waveform. Use the

selected with the

FUNC:SHAP USER command to output the waveform previousl y

FUNC:USER command.

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 47

Built-In Arbitrary

Waveforms

The five built-in arbi trary waveforms are shown below.

48 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Figure 2-10.

Chapter 2

Phase-Lock Capabilities

(Opt 001)

This section gives a n overview of the basic tec hniques used to program the Phase-Lock option ( option 001). This section is only an overview and does not give all of the details you will nee d to write your own application programs. Refer to “Application Program Examples,” later in this chapter for more details and examples. Also refer to the programming reference manual that came with your computer for details on outputting command strings and entering dat a.

To Phase Lock to an

External Clock Signal

(requires Option 001)

The front-panel 10 MHz Ref In terminal allows you to synchronize one or more function generator s with an external 10 MHz signal. The following statements show how to configure a single instrument for synchronization with an external signal:

APPL:SIN 10E+6, 5.0 Select sine function at 10 MHz PHAS:ADJ -90 DEG Set phase offse t to -90 degrees PHAS:REF

Set phase refe re nce to zero

Chapter 2

Figure 2-11.

Agilent E1441A Application Information 49

To Phase Lock Multiple

Function Generators

(requires Option 001)

The front-panel 10 MHz Ref Out and 10 MHz Ref In termina ls allow you to synchronize multiple function generators. The following statements show you how to synchronize two function gene rators at 10 kHz (send the commands to both function generators):

APPL:SIN 10E+3, 5.0 PHAS:ADJ -90 DEG PHAS:REF

Select sine function at 10 kHz Set phase offse t to -90 degrees Set phase refe re nce to zero

50 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Figure 2-12.

Chapter 2

To Phase Lock Using the

Counted Burst Mode

(requires Option 001)

In the counte d burs t mode , you c an syn chronize p hase- lock signals using an external trigg er fro m the facep lat e Ext Trig terminal or VXIbus TTLTRG lines. The following statements show you how to synchronize two function generators in the counted burst mode using the Ext Trig termin al (se n d the commands to both function generators):

Send these co mm a nd s to both func ti on generators:

APPL:SIN 10E+3, 5.0 BM:NCYC INF TRIG:SOUR EXT BM:STAT ON Enable the BMod LAST

Set both to the same frequency Set burst count to “ Set trigger s ource to external

INFINITY"

Send this com ma nd on ly to the "left" function g ene ra to r:

OUTP:TRIG:IMM source trig ger signal from "left"

instrument to rught instrument

Chapter 2

Figure 2-13.

To use TTLTRG lines send these commands to both generators:

APPL:SIN 10E+3, 5.0 BM:NCYC INF OUTP:TTLT4 ON TRIG:SOUR TTLT4 BM:STAT ON

Set both to the same frequency Set burst count to “ Enable TTLT4 line to source Set trigger s ource toTTLT4 line Enable the burst mode LAST

INFINITY"

Send this com ma nd on ly to the "left" function g ene ra to r:

OUTP:TRIG:IMM

source trig ger si gnal from "left"

You don’t have to connect between the Ext Trig terminals when using the TTLTRG lines.

Agilent E1441A Application Information 51

T r iggering the

Function Generator

Note TRIG:SL OPE se lect s the slop e o f the trigger source only. Where the

Applies only to counted bursts and frequency sweep, not gated modes such as Gated Bursts, or FSK modulation. You can issue triggers for bursts and sweeps using internal triggering or external triggering. Topics covered on triggering are:

• “Trigger Source Choices” on page 52

• “Ext Trig / FSK / Burst Input Terminal” on page 54

Trigger Slope

The Agilent E1441A includes a choice of trigger polarity when the source in an external or one of the 8 VXIbus TTLTRG lines. The command to select the trigger polarity is:

TRIGger:SLOPe POSitive | NEGative

external trigge r sources ("Ext Trig" and TTLTRG lines) are being used as a gating signal for Burst and FSK, the setting of TRIG:SLOPE is ignored

POS: (*RST state) For TRIG:SOUR EXT (Ext Trig/FSK/Burst terminal);

triggers on positive going TTL signal. For TRIG:SOUR TTLT<0-7>; triggers on negative going signal on VXIbus TTLTRG line (ground true logic)

NEG: For TRIG:SOUR EXT (Ext Trig/FSK/Burst terminal);

triggers on negative going TTL signal. For TRIG:SOUR TTLT<0-7>; triggers on positive going signal on VXIbus TTLTRG line (+ true logic)

Trigger Source Choices

Again, the applies only to counted burst and sweep. You must specify the source from which the function generator will accept a trigger.

The function generator will accept a software (bus) trigger, a hardware trigger from the Ext Trig terminal or VXIbus TTLTRG lines, or an immediate internal trigger.

The trigger source sett ing is stored in volatile memory; the source is se t to immediate when power has been off or after resetting the module.

To select the trigger sour ce, use the following command.

TRIGger:SOURce BUS|EXTernal|IMMediate|TTLTrg<0-7>

The APPLy command automatically sets the trigger source to IMMediate

52 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Internal Triggering

Internal triggering is enabled when you turn on the function generator. In this mode, the function generator uses a repetitive trigger signal that internally tr iggers waveform bursts or frequency sweeps. The rate at which the internal t imer genera tes trigge rs is de pendant on t he b urst rat e, or sweep time set (See “ Burst Rate” on page 39. and See “Sweep T i me” on page 43.).

To select the internal tr igger source for counted bursts, use the following commands:

SOUR:BM:STATe ON SOUR:BM:SOURCE INTernal TRIGGER:SOURCE INTernal

To select the internal tr igger source for freque ncy sweeps, use the following commands:

SOUR:SWEEP:STATE ON TRIGGER:SOURCE IMMediate

The *RST and APPLy commands automatically sets the tr igger source to IMMediate.

External Triggering (Including TTLTRG lines)

In this trigger mode, the function generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the Ext Trig termina l, or one of the VXIbus TTLTRG lines. The function genera tor outp uts one bur st or init iates one sweep each time one of these trigger inputs r eceives the proper polarity of signal e dge (set by TRIG:SLOPE). NOTE that the default logical sense of the TTLTRG lines, as defined by the VXIbus standard, is negative true. See also“Ext

Trig / FSK / Burst Input Terminal” on page 54.

Use the following command to set the trigg er source to external:

TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal

Use the following command to set the trigg er source to one of the VXIbus TTLTRG lines:

TRIGger:SOURce TTLTrg<

0-7

Software (BUS) Trigge ring

When TRIG:SOUR is BUS, the function generator can be triggered by sending an GPIB bus trigger command. The function generator outputs one burst or initiates one sweep each tim e the trigger command is received.

To select the bus trigger source, se nd the following command.

TRIGGER:SOURCE BUS

Chapter 2

To trigger the function gene rator send the *TRG (trigger) command. You can also trigger the function ge nera tor from the

Agilent E1441A Application Information 53

GPIB interface via the

command module by sending the IEEE-488 Group Execute Trigger (GET) message.

Ext Trig / FSK / Burst

Input Terminal

The input requirement f or an external trigger, FSK input or Burst input is a TTL positive-going (when TRIG:SLOPE is POS) or negative-going (when TRIG:SLOPE is NEG) pulse that must be >2 microsecond in duration.

The Ext/FSK/Burst Input ter minal is used in the following modes:

Figure 2-14.

Triggered Sweep Mode:Execute

TRIG:SOUR EXT or TTLT<0-7> to

enable the triggered sweep mode (sweeps must be enabled). When the edge (polarity set by TRIG:SLOPE) of a TTL pulse is received on the Ext Trig terminal or VXI bus TTLTRG line, the function generator outputs a single sweep.

Externally-Modulated FSK Mode: To enable the externally-modulated mode, execute is present, the present, the

Counted Burst Mode: Execute

FSK:SOUR EXT when FSK is enabl ed. W hen a low TTL level

FSK carrier frequency is output. When a high TTL level is

FSK “hop” frequency is output.

TRIG:SOUR EXT to enable the counted

burst mode (burst must be enabled). When t he rising edge o f a TTL pul se is received, the f unction genera tor outputs a burst wavefor m with the sp ecified number of cycles.

External Gated Burst Mode: To enable the external gated mode, execute

BM:SOUR EXT when bu r st i s en ab l ed. W hen a high TTL level is present, the

function generator outputs the carrier waveform. When a low

TTL level is

present, the output is disabled.

54 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

System-Related Operations

This section gives information on topics such as error conditions and self-test. Thi s inf ormation is not directly rela ted to waveform generation but is an importa nt part of oper ating the function generator. Topics covered on system-related ope rations are:

• Error Conditions

• Self-Test

• Memory State

• Firmware Revision Query

• SCPI Language Version Query

Error Conditions When the fa cep lat e Errors LED turns on, one or more command syntax or

hardware errors ha ve been detected. A record of up to 20 errors can be stored in the function ge nerator's error queue. See Appendix B, “Error Messages,”

for a complete listing of the errors.

Errors are retrieved in first-in-first-out ( is the first error that was stored. When you have read all errors from the queue, the

If more than 20 err ors hav e o ccurred, the last erro r store d in the que ue (the most recent error) is replaced with -350, “Too many errors”. No additional errors are stored until you r emove errors from the queue. If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue, the function generator responds with +0, “No error”.

The error queue is cleared when power ha s been off or after a *CLS (clear status) command has been executed. The *RST (reset) command does not clear the error queue.

Use the following command to check for system errors:

SYSTem:ERRor?

Errors have the following format (the error string may contain up to 80 characters):

Errors LED turns off.

-113,"Undefined header"

FIFO) order. The first error returned

Reads one error from the error queue

Self-Test A pow er-on self-test occurs automatically when you turn on the function

generator. This limited test assures you that the function generator is operational.

Chapter 2

A complete self-te st ru ns a series of tests and takes approximately 10 seconds to exec ute. If all test s pass, you can have a high confidence that the function generator is fully operational.

If the self-tes t fails, the be returned to Agilent Technol ogie s for service.

Errors LED turns on the function generator should

Agilent E1441A Application Information 55

Use the following command to perform a self-test:

*TST?

Returns “0” if the self-test passes or “1” if it fails. If the self-test fails, an error message is also generated with additional information on why the test failed. Use the SYSTem:ERRor? command to read the error queue.

Memory Locations Four memory locations (numbered 0, 1, 2 and 3) are available to store

instrument configur ation states. See the *SAV, *RCL and MEMory commands for mo re i nfo rm at ion.

Firmware Revision

Query

SCPI Language

Version Query

The function generator has two microprocessors for control of vario us internal systems. You can query the function generator to dete rmine which revision of f irmware is installed for each microprocessor.

The function generator returns two numbers. The first number is the firmware revision number for the main generator processor and the second is for the input/output processor.

Use the following command to query the firmw are version:

*IDN?

Returns “GPIB,E1441A,0,A.01.00-A.01.09” Be sure to dimension a string variable with at least 41 characters.

You can determine the SCPI version with which the function generator is in compliance by sending a query from the remote interface.

Use the following command to query the SCPI version:

SYSTem:VERSion?

Returns a string in the form “YYYY.V” where the “Y's” represe nt the year of the version, and the “V” represent s a version number for that year (for example, 1993.0).

56 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Power-On and

Reset State

Feature Power-On and Reset State

Output Configuration

Function Sine wave Frequency 1 kHz Amplitude (into 50 ohms) 100 mV peak-to-peak Offset 0.00 Vdc Output Units Volts peak-to-peak Output Termination 50 ohms

Modulation

AM Carrier Waveform 1 kHz Sine wave AM Modu lating Waveform 100 Hz Sine wave AM Depth 100% FM Carrier Waveform 1 kHz Sine wave FM Modulating Waveform 10 Hz Sine wave FM Peak Frequency Deviation 100 Hz Burst Carrier Frequency 1 kHz Sine wave Burst Count 1 cycle Burst Rate 100 Hz Burst Starting Phase 0 degrees FSK Carrier Frequency 1 kHz Sine wave FSK"Hop" Frequency 100 Hz Sine wave FSK Rate 1 0 Hz Modulation State Off Sweep Start / Stop Frequency 100 Hz / 1 kHz Sweep Time 1 second Sweep Mo de Linea r

Triggering Operations

Trigger Source Internal

Calibration

Calibration State Doesn’t cha nge with *RST or

power-down. See page 74

Chapter 2

Note The power-on state will state will be different if you have enabled the

auto-recall mode. See “MEMory:STATe:RECall:AUTO OFF | ON | 0 | 1”

on page 85.

Agilent E1441A Application Information 57

Application Program Examples

This section provide s progra ms that d emonstrate several ap plica tions of th e Agilent E1441A. You can use these examples to help you learn the capabilitie s of the Agilent E1441A and then to help you develop programs for your specific application.

C Language

Programs

Compiling an d

Linking a C

Program

Example Pro grams

/* 1441brst.C - This program sets up a 10,000 cycle sine wave burst with */ /* a 270 degree starting phase. An offset voltage is added to the burst */ /* to cr e at e a h av e rs in e . * /

#include <stdio.h> #include <visa.h>

/*** FUNCTION PROTOTYPE ***/ void err_handler (ViSession vi, ViStatus x);

#define DEVICE_ADDRESS "GPIB-VXI0::80::INSTR"

All of the C Language example programs in this section are written for the Agilent 82341A GPIB Interface Card using the Agilent VISA I/ O Library.

You can find S pecific instructions for compiling C language programs for the PC in the Agilent VISA User’s Guide. See the section "Compiling and Linking an Agile nt VISA Program.

Burst Modulation Program

void main(void) { char buf[512] = {0};

ViStatus err; ViSession defaultRM, funcgen;

/* Open resource manager and Function Generator sessions*/ err=viOpenDefaultRM(&defaultRM); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err); else printf("default RM opened OK\n");

err=viOpen(defaultRM, DEVICE_ADDRESS, VI_NULL,VI_NULL, &funcgen); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err); else printf("instrument session opened OK\n");

/* Set the timeout value to 10 seconds. */ viSetAttribute(funcgen, VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, 10000);

/* Reset the module. */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "*RST\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

58 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

/* Set the output amplitude to be set for 50 ohm load. */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "OUTPut:LOAD 50\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* configure the E1441A to output a 5 Vp-p, 5 kHz sine wave */ /* with a 2.5V offset */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:APPLy:SIN 5000, 2, 2.5\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* set the burst modulation source, set 10,000 burst cycles, */ /* a 270 degree starting phase, a 1 Hz burst rate, enable */ /* the burst state, and output the burst when a negative */ /* going trigger is received on "EXT TRIG" BNC connector */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:BM:SOURce INTernal\n"); /* counted burst mode */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:BM:NCYCles 10000\n"); /* 10000 cycle bursts */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:BM:PHASe 270\n"); /* 270 degree phase */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal\n"); /* "EXT" trig BNC */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "TRIGger:SLOPe NEG\n"); /* "trigger on negative edge */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:BM:STATe ON\n"); /* enable burst mode */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Now short "EXT TRIG" BNC connector to start 2 second burst */

/* Check for system errors. */ err=viQueryf(funcgen, "syst:err?\n", "%t", buf); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err); printf("System error response = %s\n\n", buf);

/* close the device session */ viClose(funcgen); } /* end of main */

/*** Error handling function ***/ void err_handler(ViSession funcgen, ViStatus err) { char buf[1024] = {0}; viStatusDesc(funcgen, err, buf); printf("ERROR = %s\n", buf); return; }

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 59

AM Modulation and Instrument State Storage

/* 1441_AM.C - This program sets up the E1441A to output an AM waveform. */ /* The program also stores the configuration in memory for subsequent */ /* rec a l l. */

#include <stdio.h> #include <visa.h>

/*** FUNCTION PROTOTYPE ***/ void err_handler (ViSession vi, ViStatus x);

#define DEVICE_ADDRESS "GPIB-VXI0::80::INSTR"

void main(void) { char buf[512] = {0};

ViStatus err; ViSession defaultRM, funcgen;

/* Open resource manager and Function Generator sessions*/ err=viOpenDefaultRM(&defaultRM); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viOpen(defaultRM, DEVICE_ADDRESS, VI_NULL,VI_NULL, &funcgen); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Set the timeout value to 10 seconds. */ viSetAttribute(funcgen, VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, 10000);

/* Reset the module. */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "*RST\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Set the output amplitude to be set for 50 ohm load. */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "OUTPut:LOAD 50\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* configure the E1441A to output a 5 Vp-p, 5 kHz sine wave */ /* with a 2.5V offset. APPly command is first since it */ /* presets some functions that follow */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:APPLy:SIN 5000, 2, 2.5\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* set the amplitude modulation source, set a modulation depth */ /* of 80%, the modulation waveshape to sine, the modulating */ /* frequency to 200 Hz, and enable AM modulation */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:AM:SOURce BOTH\n"); /* AM from internal */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:AM:DEPTh 80\n"); /* mod depth 80% */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:AM:INTernal:FUNCtion SIN\n"); /* AM shape SIN */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:AM:INTernal:FREQuency 200\n"); /* AM freq 200 Hz */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

60 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:AM:STATe ON\n"); /* enable AM mode */ if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* save this configuration in E1441A memory location 1, use a */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "*SAV 1\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Check for system errors. */ err=viQueryf(funcgen, "syst:err?\n", "%t", buf); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err); printf("System error response = %s\n\n", buf);

/* close the device session */ viClose(funcgen); } /* end of main */

/*** Error handling function ***/ void err_handler(ViSession funcgen, ViStatus err) { char buf[1024] = {0}; viStatusDesc(funcgen, err, buf); printf("ERROR = %s\n", buf); return; }

Arbitrar y Wave fo r m Example

/* 1441_arb.C - This program sets up the E1441A to output an AM waveform. */ /* The program also stores the configuration in memory for subsequent */ /* rec a l l. */

#include <stdio.h> #include <visa.h> #include <math.h>

/*** FUNCTION PROTOTYPE ***/ void err_handler (ViSession vi, ViStatus x);

#define DEVICE_ADDRESS "GPIB-VXI0::80::INSTR"

void main(void) { char buf[512] = {0};

ViStatus err; ViSession defaultRM, funcgen;

/* program variables */ ViInt16 i; ViReal64 j; ViReal64 sinxwave[4096];

ViReal64 pi; ViReal64 max_v; ViInt16 idx;

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 61

/* define pi for sin(x)/x calculation, initalize other variables */ pi = 3.141592654; max_v = 0; idx = 0;

/* do this for Borland EasyWin programs */ #if defined(__BORLANDC__) && !defined (__WIN32__) _InitEasyWin(); #endif

/* Open resource manager and Function Generator sessions*/ err=viOpenDefaultRM(&defaultRM); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

err=viOpen(defaultRM, DEVICE_ADDRESS, VI_NULL, VI_NULL, &funcgen); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Set the timeout value to 10 seconds. */ viSetAttribute(funcgen, VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, 10000);

/* compute sin(x)/x waveform */ for (i=-2047; i<2048; i++) { j = (ViReal64)i; if(i==0) j=1.E-38; sinxwave[i+2048] = ((sin(2*pi*0.53125*j/256))/(0.53125*j/256)*0.159154943092); } /* download the computed waveform into E1441A volatile memory */ err = viPrintf(funcgen,"DATA VOLATILE");

for ( i=0; i < 4096; i++ ) { err = viPrintf( funcgen, ",%f", sinxwave[i] ); }

err = viPrintf(funcgen,"\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* copy the arbitrary waveform data from volatile memory to a */ /* named non-volatile memory location */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "DATA:COPY MYSINE\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* select the user defined arbitrary waveform by name */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:FUNCtion:USER MYSINE\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* configure the E1441A to output a 5 Vp-p, 5 kHz arb wave */ /* APPly command is first since it sets some functions that */ /* follow */ err=viPrintf(funcgen, "SOURce:APPLy:USER 5000, 5, 0\n"); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err);

/* Check for system errors. */ err=viQueryf(funcgen, "syst:err?\n", "%t", buf); if(err != VI_SUCCESS) err_handler(funcgen, err); printf("System error response = %s\n\n", buf);

62 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

/* close the device session */ viClose(funcgen); } /* end of main */

/*** Error handling function ***/ void err_handler(ViSession funcgen, ViStatus err) { char buf[1024] = {0}; viStatusDesc(funcgen, err, buf); printf("ERROR = %s\n", buf); return; }

Chapter 2

Agilent E1441A Application Information 63

64 Agilent E1441A Application Information

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference

This chapter describe s the Sta ndard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) and IEEE 488.2 common (*) commands applicable to the Agilent E1441A Function / Arbitrary Wavefor m Generator.

• Command Index by Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 65

• Command Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 70

• SCPI Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 72

• IEEE 488.2Common CommandReference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 124

• SCPI Command Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 131

Command Index by Function

The APPLy commands

[SOURce:]APPLy:SINusoid [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 100

[SOURce:]APPLy:SQUare [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 101

[SOURce:]APPLy:TRIangle [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 101

[SOURce:]APPLy:RAMP [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 100

[SOURce:]APPLy:NOISe [<frequency|DEF>[,<amplitude|DEF>[, <offset>]]]. . . . . . . page 100

[SOURce:]APPLy:DC[<frequency|DEF>[,<amplitude|DEF>[ , <offset>]]] . . . . . . . . . . page 100

[SOURce:]APPLy:USER [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 101

[SOURce:]APPLy?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 101

Chapter 3

Output Configuration Commands

[SOU Rc e :]FUNCtion: S H A P e SIN | S Q U | T R I |RAMP |N O I S | D C | U SE R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pag e 111

[SOURce:]FUNCtion:SHAPe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 112

[SOURce:]FREQuency <frequency>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 106

[SOURce:]FREQuency? [MIN|MAX]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 107

[SOURce:]PULSe:DCYCle <percent>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 112

[SOURce:]PULSe:DCYCle? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 113

[SOURce:]VOLTage <amplitude>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 114

[SOURce:]VOLTage? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 115

[SOU Rc e :]VOLTa g e: O F F Se t < o ff s et> |M I N | M A X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 115

[SOURce:]VOLTage:OFFSet? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 116

[SOURce:]VOLTage:UNIT VPP|VRMS|DBM|DEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 116

[SOURce:]VOLTage:UNIT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 116

OUTPut:LOAD 50|INFinity|MIN| MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 87

OUTPut:LOAD? [MIN|MAX]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 87

Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference 65

OUTPut:SYNC OFF|ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 88

OUTPut:SYNC?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 88

MEMory:STATe:DELete 0|1|2|3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 85

*SAV 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 128

*RCL 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 127

Modulation Commands

[SOURce:]AM:DEPTh <depth in percent>|MIN|MAX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 93

[SOURce:]AM:DEPTh? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 94

[SOURce:]AM:INTernal:FUNCtion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 94

[SOURce:]AM:INTernal:FREQuency<frequency>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 94

[SOURce:]AM:INTernal:FREQuency? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 94

[SOURce:]AM:SOURce BOTH|EXTernal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 94

[SOURce:]AM:SOURce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 95

[SOURce:]AM:STATe OFF|ON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 95

[SOURce:]AM:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 95

[SOURce:]FM:DEViation <peak deviation in Hz>|MIN|MAX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 105

[SOURce:]FM:DEViation? [MIN|MAX]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 105

[SOURce:]FM:INTernal:FUNCtion?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 106

[SOURce:]FM:INTernal:FREQuency <frequency>|MIN |MAX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 105

[SOURce:]FM:INTernal:FREQuency? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 106

[SOURce:]FM:STATe OFF|ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 106

[SOURce:]FM:STATe?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 106

[SOURce:]BM:NCYCles <# cycles>|INFinity|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 102

[SOURce:]BM:NCYCles? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 102

[SOURce:]BM:PHASe <degrees>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 103

[SOURce:]BM:PHASe? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 103

[SOURce:]BM:INTernal:RA TE <frequency>|MIN|MAX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 103

[SOURce:]BM:INTernal:RA TE? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 104

[SOURce:]BM:SOURce INTernal|EXTernal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 104

[SOURce:]BM:SOURce?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 104

[SOURce:]BM:STATe OFF|ON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 104

[SOURce:]BM:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 104

[SOURce:]FSKey:FREQuency <frequency>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 109

[SOURce:]FSKey:FREQuency? [MIN|MAX]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 109

[SOU Rc e :]FSK ey : IN Ternal: R ATE <rate in H z>| M I N|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 109

[SOURce:]FSKey:INTernal:RATE? [MIN|MAX]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 109

[SOURce:]FSKey:SOURce INTernal|EXTernal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 109

[SOURce:]FSKey:SOURce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 110

[SOURce:]FSKey:STATe OFF|ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 110

[SOURce:]FSKey:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 110

TRIGger:SOURce BUS|EXTernal|IMMediate|TTLTrg<n> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 121

TRIGger:SOURce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 123

66 Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference

Chapter 3

Sweep Commands

[SOURce:]FREQuency:STARt <frequency>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 107

[SOURce:]FREQuency:STARt? [MIN|MAX]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 108

[SOURce:]FREQuency:STOP <frequency>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 108

[SOURce:]FREQuency:STOP? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 108

[SOURce:]SWEep:SPACing LINear|LOGarithmic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 113

[SOURce:]SWEep:SPACing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 113

[SOURce:]SWEep:TIME <time>|MIN|MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 113

[SOURce:]SWEep:TIME? [MIN|MAX] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 113

[SOURce:]SWEep:STATe OFF|ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 114

[SOURce:]SWEep:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 114

TRIGger:SOURce BUS|EXTernal|IMMediate|TTLTrg<n> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 121

TRIGger:SOURce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 123

Arbitrary Wavefor m Commands

[SOURce:]FUNCtion:USER <arb name>|VOLA TILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 110

[SOURce:]FUNCtion:USER? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 111

[SOU Rc e :]FUNCtion: S H A P e SIN | S Q U | T R I |RAMP |N O I S | D C | U SE R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pag e 111

[SOURce:]FUNCtion:SHAPe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 112

DATA VOLATILE, <value>, <value>,. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 77

DATA:DAC VOLATILE, <binary block>|(<value>, <value>, . . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 78

DATA:ATTRibute:AVERage? [<arb name>]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 79

DATA:ATTRibute:CFACtor? [<arb name>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 79

DATA:ATTRibute:POINts? [<arb name>]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 80

DATA:ATTRibute:PTPeak? [<arb name>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 80

DATA:CATalog?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 81

DATA:COPY <destination arb name> [,VOLA TILE]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 81

DATA:DELete <arb name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 82

DATA:DELete:ALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 83

DAT A:NVOLatile:CAT alog? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 83

DAT A:NVOLatile:FREE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 83

FORMat:BORDer NORMal|SWAPped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 84

FORMat:BORDer?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 84

Chapter 3

Trigger Commands

TRIGger:SLOPe Positive | NEGative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 121

TRIGger:SLOPe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 121

TRIGger:SOURce BUS|EXTernal|IMMediate|TTLTrg<n> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 121

TRIGger:SOURce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 123

*TRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 129

Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference 67

System-Related Comma nds

SYSTem:ERRor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 120

SYSTem:VERSion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 120

MEMory:STATe:DELete 0|1|2|3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 85

MEMo ry : STATe:RECall:AU TO O FF | ON | 0 | 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 85

MEMory:STATe:RECall:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 86

*IDN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 126

*RST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 7

*TST? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 129

*SAV 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 128

*RCL 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 127

Calibration Commands

CALibration:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 73

CALibration:SECure:CODE <new code> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 74

CALibration:SECure:ST ATe OFF | ON, <code>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 74

CALibration:SECure:ST ATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 75

CALibration:SETup <0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | . . . | 84> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 75

CALibration:SETup? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 75

CALibration:STRing <quoted string> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 75

CALibration:STRing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 76

CALibration:VALue <cal_value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 76

CALibration:VALue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 76

Status Reporting C ommand s

SYSTem:ERRor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 120

*CLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 5

*ESE <unmask>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 125

*ESE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 125

*ESR?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 5

*OPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 126

*OPC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 126

*OPT?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 6

*PSC 0 | 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 7

*PSC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 127

*SRE <unmask>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 128

*SRE?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 9

*STB?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 9

*WAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 129

68 Agilent E1441A SCPI Command Reference

Chapter 3

The IEEE-488.2 Common Commands