Agilent Technologies 11970-90031 User Manual

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User’s Guide

11970 SERIES

HARMONIC MIXERS

(K, A, Q, U, V, and W Models)

Manufacturing Part Number: 11970-90031

Supersedes 11970-90030

Printed in USA

October 2003

−2003 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Notice

The information contained in this document is subje ct to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,

including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connec tion with the furnishing , perfor mance, or use of this material.

Certification

Agilent T echnologi es certifies that this product met its published specif ications at the ti me of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

Warranty

This Agilent T echnologies instrument pr oduct is warranted agains t defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipm ent. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pa y all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designate d by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to def ects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AN D EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assis tance agreements are availa ble for Agilent Technologies products.

For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office listed on page 77.

This guide uses the following conventions:

Instrument Key This represents a key physically l ocated on the ins trument, or a key with a

label that is determined by the instrument firmware.

Screen Text This indicates text displayed on the spectrum analyzer screen.

Contents

1. General Information

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Mixers Covered by Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

11970 Series Harmonic Mixers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Equipment Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Environmental Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2. Operation

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Operating Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Mixer Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Using a Conversion-Loss Data Disk with the ESA or PSA Series Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Loading Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Viewing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Using the Mixers with the E4407B Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Set up the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A

PSA Series Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Set up the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Set up the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Select the Frequency Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Save the average conversion-loss value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Signal Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Identify signals with the frequency-shift method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Identify signals in wide frequency spans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Preliminary Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Using the Mixers with the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Set up the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Amplitude Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Signal Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Table of Contents

3. Performance Tests

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Performance Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Contents

Table of Contents

Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

4. Service

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Replaceable Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Circuit Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

General Information

1 General Information

General Information

Introduction

The Agilent Models 11970K, 11970A, 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V and 11970W are general-purpose harmonic mixers with very flat frequency re sponse characteristics and low conversion loss. Collectively, they cover the frequency range of 18 to 110 GHz. The 11970K covers the 18 - 26. 5 GHz range; the 1197 0A, t he 26.5 - 40 GHz range; the 11970Q, the 33 - 50 GHz range; the 11970U, the 40 - 60 GHz range; the 11970V, the 50 - 75 GHz range; and the 11970W, the 75 - 110 GHz range.

The overall local oscillator (LO) frequency range of the 11970 Series Mixers is 3.0 to 6.1 GHz. Each of the mixers employs a different LO harmonic, and as a result has a different optimum LO range within the overall LO range of the series.

The 11970 Series Mixers use the Agilent 11975A Amplifier to raise the LO power to their required LO input level of 14 to 18 dBm. By taking advantage of the power leveling capability of the 11975A, the mixers are able to achieve maximum measurement accuracy (at optimum LO input level of 14.5 to 16 dBm).

A label on the end of each mixer shows a Conversion Loss Calibration table printed

General Information

especially for that part icular mixer. An 8-1/ 2 by 11-inch calibration table shi ppe d with th e mixer provides a larger, easi er to read, version of th e same table shown on the label, plus a graph which shows the conversion loss and reference level offset across the mixer’s frequency range. This calibration table must be employed for absolute amplitude measurements . Also supplied with each mixer are five screws (four required) for attaching the mixer RF input flange to the waveguide.

Mixers Covered by Manual

Serial Numbers

Attached to your mixer, is a label which s hows both the mixer model number and its ser ial number (two parts). The first four digits and the letter of the serial number are the serial number prefix; the last five digits are the suffix. The contents of this manual apply to mixers with the serial number prefixe s lis ted under “Serial Number Prefixes” on the title page of this manual.

8 Chapter 1

11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

Figure 1-1.

General Information

Introduction

General Information

Options

Option 009, shown in Figure 1-2. is a Mixer Connection Kit. It includes three low-loss SMA

cables (Part Number 5061-5458), one hex-head balldriver (Part Number 8710-1539) for tightening the wave guide connector screws, and one 5/16-inch open-end wrench (Part Number 8710-0510) for use on the SMA connectors.

Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements

• The 11970 Series Mixers are fully compatible with all 8566B Spectrum Analyzers.

• 856x Series portable spectrum analyzers with options 002 (tracking generator ) and 327

(no IF IN on front panel) do not have external mixing capability.

• 856x Series Portable Spectrum Analyzers require option 008, or FW date code for signal id e n ti fication functional i ty.

• Agilent E4407B spectrum analyzers require option AYZ (LO Out and IF IN connections).

• MMS analyzers using 11970 series mixers must have a front end model 70907A, 70907B, 7090 9A, or 70910A, a s well as a 70900A/B with f irmw ar e new eno ugh for tho se modules:

Model FW Date Code:

(or newer)

≤ 920528,

70907A 70907B 70909A 70910A

860203

900314

910802

Chapter 1 9

General Information

Introduction

• PSA Series E4440A, E4446A, and E4448A spectrum analyzers require Option AYZ (LO OUT and IF IN connectors). The E4443A and E4445A do not support external mixing.

Figure 1-2. Mixer Connection Kit, Option 009

General Information

10 Chapter 1

General Information

Specifications

Specifications for the 11970 Serie s Mixers are listed in Table 1-1. These are the performance standards against which the mixers are tested (p erformance tests are provided in

3 ,“Performance Tests,”

). Typical or nominal operating values are listed in Table 1-2.

NOTE Supplemental characteristics are included only as additional information;

they are not specifications.

Chapter

Equipment Supplied

Waveguide Connector Screws

Five hex-head screws are supplied with each mixer. Four are required to make the mixer-to-waveguide connection, one is a spare. Use ONLY the screws supplied t o attach the mixe r to the waveguid e. Because of slight diffe rences in t he way the mixer s couple with the waveguide, the square-fl ange mixers (1 1970K and 11970A) and the round-flange mixer (1970Q, 11970U, 11970V and 11970W) require different screws.

If your mixer has a square waveguide flange, use four hex-head screws with Part Number 3030-0221. If it has a round waveguid e flange, use four hex-head captive screws with Part Number 1390-0671. The special balldrive r hex scr ewdriver available in the Option 009 Mixer Connector Kit simplifies installation of the waveguide connector screws.

NOTE See Chapter 4 ,“Service,” for a list of replacement parts.

Environmental Limitations

The 11970 Series Mixers meet or exceed the environmental requirements of MIL-T-28800C, Type III, Class 3, Style C. Specific environmental qualifications for the mixers are as follows:

Temperature, Non-operating: -40

C to 75oC

General Information

Temperature, Operating: 0 Relative Humidity: 95 ±5% (up to 30

C to 55oC

C) Altitude, Non-operating: Less than 12,195 meters (40,000 ft.) Altitude, Operating: Less than 3,048 meters (10,000 ft.) Maximum Vibration Levels: 2 G’s at 5 to 2000 Hz Maximum Shock: 30 G’s

Chapter 1 11

General Information

Specifications

Table 1-1 11970 Series Specifications

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, all specifications apply for an IF of 321.4 MHz and for RF input amplitudes of less than -20 dBm.

GENERAL

LO Amplitude Range: 14 to 18 dBm Calibration Accuracy: Maximum CW RF Input Level:

11970K/A/Q/U:

± 2.0 dB with LO amplitude r ange of 14.5 to 16 dBm 11970V/W:

± 2.2 dB with LO amplitude r ange of 14.5 to 16 dBm 11970K/A/Q/U:

± 3.0 dB with LO amplitude r ange of 16 to 18 dBm

General Information

11970V/W: ± 3.2 dB with LO amplitude range of 16 to 18 dBm

Bias Requirements: None

20 dBm (l00mW)

Maximum Peak Pulse Power:

24 dBm with < 1µsec pulse

Environmental:

Meets MIL-T-28800C, Type III, Class 3, Style C

IF/LO Connectors:

SMA female

(avg. power: + 20 dBm)

12 Chapter 1

General Information

Specifications

Table 1-1 11970 Series Specifications

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, all specifications apply for an IF of 321.4 MHz and for RF input amplitudes of less than -20 dBm.

MODEL 11970K MODEL 11970A

RF Frequency Range:

18 - 26.5 GHz

LO Harmonic Number: 6 LO Harmonic Number: 8

LO Input Frequency Range:

2.95 - 4.36 GHz

Maximum Conversion Loss: 24 dB 8566B Noise Level at 1 kHz Bandwidth, and

14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power:

Frequency Response at 14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: ±1.9 dB

Frequency Response at 14 to 18 dBm LO Input Power: ±2.8 dB

RF Frequency Range:

33 - 50 GHz LO Harmonic Number: 10

-105 dBm

MODEL 11970Q

RF Frequency Range:

26.5 - 40 GHz

LO Input Frequency Range:

3.27 - 4.96 GHz

Maximum Conversion Loss: 26 dB 8566B Noise Level at 1 kHz Bandwidth, and

14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: -102 dBm

Frequency Response at 14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: ±1.9 dB

Frequency Response at 14 to 18 dBm LO Input Power: ±2.8 dB

MODEL 11970U

RF Frequency Range:

40 - 60 GHz

LO Harmonic Number: 10

General Information

LO Input Frequency Range:

3.27 - 4.97 GHz

Maximum Conversion Loss: 28 dB Maximum Conversion Loss: 28 dB 8566B Noise Level at 1 kHz Bandwidth, and

14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: -101 dBm

Frequency Response at 14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: ±1.9 dB

Frequency Response at 14 to 18 dBm LO Input Power: ±2.8 dB

LO Input Frequency Range:

3.97 - 5.97 GHz

8566B Noise Level at 1 kHz Bandwidth, and

14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: -101 dBm

Frequency Response at 14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: ±1.9 dB

Frequency Response at 14 to 18 dBm LO Input Power: ±2.8 dB

Chapter 1 13

General Information

Specifications

Table 1-1 11970 Series Specifications

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, all specifications apply for an IF of 321.4 MHz and for RF input amplitudes of less than -20 dBm.

MODEL 11970V

RF Frequency Range:

50 - 75 GHz

LO Harmonic Number: 14 LO Harmonic Number: 18 LO Input Frequency Range:

3.55 - 5.33 GHz

Maximum Conversion Loss: 40 dB 8566B Noise Level at 1 kHz Bandwidth, and

14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: -92 dBm

Frequency Response at 14.5 to 16 dBm

General Information

LO Input Power: ±2.1 dB Frequency Response at 14 to 18 dBm

LO Input Power: ±2.8 dB

RF Frequency Range:

75 - 110 GHz

LO Input Frequency Range:

4.15 - 6.09 GHz

Maximum Conversion Loss: 46 dB

8566B Noise Level at 1 kHz Bandwidth, and LO Input Power: - 85 dBm

Frequency Response at 14.5 to 16 dBm LO Input Power: ±3.0 dB

Frequency Response at 14 to 18 dBm LO Input Power: ±4.0 dB

MODEL 11970W

1. The 11975A Amplifier, or a similar amplifier, can be used to provide sufficient LO power (14 to

18 dBm) to the mixers. Leveled power capability of 16 dBm, as is available with the 11975A, is necessary to achieve the maximum amplitude accuracy with the mixers. Assuming the 1 meter cables supplied with the instrum ent are used , only the 85 66B LO ou tput requ ires ampl ificati on. Howe ver,

if longer or lower quality cables are used LO amplification may be necessary.

2. Typically ± 2.5 dB with LO supplied by 8566B Spectrum Analyzer, 11975A Amplifier set to

16 dBm, and P/N 5061-5458 SMA cables.

14 Chapter 1

General Information

Specifications

Table 1-2 11970 Supplemental Characteristics

NOTE Supplemental characteristics are included only as additional information; they are not specifications.

3 dB IF Bandwidth: DC to 1.3 GHz Odd Order Mixing Product Suppression:

11970K/A/Q/U: >20 dB 11970V/W: >15 dB

Spectrum Analyzer Absolute Amplitude Accuracy (using calibration data with a 14.5 to 16 dBm LO):

11970K, 18 - 26.5 GHz: ±3.2 dB 11970A, 26.5 - 40 GHz: ±3.2 dB 11970Q, 33 - 50 GHz: ±3.2 dB 11970U, 40 - 60 GHz: ±3.2 dB 11970V, 50 - 75 GHz: ±3.4 dB 11970W: 75 - 110 GHz: ±3.4 dB

RF Input SWR:

11970K/A/Q/U: <2.2:1 11970V/W: <2.6:1

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Model

11970K

Flange

UG-595/U WR-42

11970A UG-599/U

WR-28

11970Q

UG-383/U WR-22

Weight X Y

0.17 kg

0.36 lb

0.14 kg

0.32 lb

0.14 kg

0.32 lb

36 mm

1.4 in

36 mm

1.4 in

36 mm

1.4 in

Gain Compression Level (<1 dB):

11970K: -3 dBm 11970A: -5 dBm 11970Q: -7 dBm 11970U: -7 dBm 11970V: -3 dBm 11970W: -1 dBm

5061-5458 Cable Insertion Loss:

.8 dB at 2 GHz

1.1 dB at 6 GHz

51 mm

2.0 in

51 mm

2.0 in

51 mm

2.0 in

90 mm

3.5 in

71 mm

2.8 in

76 mm

3.0 in

General Information

11970U

11970V UG-385/U

11970W

UG-383/U-M WR-19

WR-15

UG-387/U-M WR-10

0.14 kg

0.32 lb

0.14 kg

0.32 lb

0.14 kg

0.32 lb

36 mm

1.4 in

36 mm

1.4 in

36 mm

1.4 in

51 mm

2.0 in

51 mm

2.0 in

51 mm

2.0 in

1. Waveguide attachment screws enter blind holes in the flanges of the mixers.

Chapter 1 15

76 mm

3.0 in

76 mm

3.0 in

76 mm

3.0 in

General Information

Specifications

General Information

16 Chapter 1

2 Operation

Operation

Introduction

This section provides information on how to make effective use of the 11970 mixers.

Operating Precautions

Refer to the sections below for specific pa r ameters to follow prior to m i xer operation.

WARNING Do not exceed the maximum ratings listed below or permanent

damage to the mixer will result.

RF Input Power

Use the following parameters:

CW: No greater than 20 dBm Pulse: No greater than 24 dBm at < 1 mSec Average: No great e r th a n 20 dBm

LO Input Power

Make sure the LO input power is no greater than 20 dBm.

Electrostatic Discharge

When installing the mixer, you must always connect the SMA cables to the spectrum analyzer and LO amplifier BEFORE connecting them to the mixer. This will minimize the danger of an electrostatic discharge damaging the mixer diodes.

Operation

11975A ALC Switch

BEFORE using the 11975A Amplifier to increase the LO input power, set the amplifier ALC switch to the ON position. When this switch is in the OFF position the LO power can be greater than 20 dBm. This level of LO power can destroy the mixer diodes. The ALC switch is on the amplifier rear panel.

Waveguide Protective Foam

Do not remove, displace, or damage the white, nonconductive foam installed in the ope n end of the waveguide. Since the mixer is amplitude calibrated with this foam in place, tampering with it affects the calibration.

18 Chapter 2

Operation

Getting Started

The 11970 series of millimeter wave mixers ha ve no bias or back-s hort adjustment s. 11970 Mixers require an LO power of 14 to 18 dBm at the LO input. If the spectrum analyzer used with the 11970 does not have sufficient LO power, an 11975A Amplifier or an equivalent is required to increase this power.

CAUTION Before connecting the 11975A Amplifi er, set its rear panel ALC switch to ON.

Failure to do this can damage the mixer.

Mixer Connections

With the three SMA cables (Part Number 5061-5458, each) provided in the Option 009 Mixer Connection Kit, connect the 11970 Mixer, the spectrum analyzer, and the 11975A Amplifier. An example connection for an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer is shown in Figure 2-1.

NOTE The example below shows an 8566B analyzer, other spectrum analyzers do

not require the amplifier and third SMA cable.

Figure 2-1. 11970 Mixer Connections

Leave the waveguide flange cap on whenever the mixer is not connected to a device under test. This protects the flange mating s urface from scrat ches , which can degrade th e mixer’s performance. Use an appropriate waveguide attenuator if the output power of the unit under test exceeds the RF Input Power indicated in the specifications.

Operation

Chapter 2 19

Operation

Getting Started

If you are using an 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V or 11970W Mixer, and the shoulder of its waveguide flange is not properl y a ligned with th e flan ge of t he de vi ce unde r t est, amplit ude measure ment err ors ca n result. To ensure proper alignment, tighten each of the four flange screws in turn by small amounts, moving clockwise around the flange.

NOTE 11970K and 11970A Mixers require flange screws that are different from

those used with the 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V and 11970W; 11970K and 11970A use Part Number 3030-0221 (#4-40 hex head screw). 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V and 11970W use Part Number 1390-0671 (#4-40 hex head captive sc re w ) .

Operation

20 Chapter 2

Operation

Using a Conversion-Loss Data Disk with the ESA or PSA Series Analyzers

The conversion-loss data for your mixer can be quickly lo aded in the memory of an ESA or PSA series analyzer from a floppy disk. The following process works with the floppy disk provided by the factory with your new mixer, or with one that you have st ored the correction data. This process eliminates the time consuming and sometimes error-prone process of manually entering the data from a table.

Loading Data

1. Insert the conversion-loss data disk (fr om th e factory or your own) into the floppy drive

of the analyzer.

2. Press

3. Press

4. Press

5. Use the down arrow to select the file. The factory supplied disk has a file with the OTH

extension which places the data in the corrections set “other” location.

6. Press

analyzer.

File, then Load. Type, More, then select Corrections. Directory Select, highlight drive -A-, then press Directory Select again.

Load Now to load the conversion loss values into the correction table of the

Viewing Data

1. Press Amplitude, More, Corrections, Other (ON) and Edit to view the correction values.

2. Use the front-panel knob or up/down arrows to scroll through the lis t of correction

values.

Operation

Chapter 2 21

Operation

Using the Mixers with the E4407B Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ)

The Agilent Technologies E4407B spectrum analyzer contains an extensive menu of functions that help with millimeter measure ments . The foll owing examples explain how to connect external mixers to the spectrum analyzer, how to choose the ba nd of interest, how to store and activate conversion-loss factors, and how to use the signal-identification functions.

Set up the equipment

1. Connect the signal source and harmonic mixer to the analyzer, as shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2 Harmonic Mixer Setup

Operation

NOTE Agilent 5061-5458 SMA type cables should be used to connect the mixer IF

and LO ports to th e an a l y z e r. Do not over-tighten the ca b l es. The ma x i m u m torque should not exceed 112 N-cm (10 in-lb.)

22 Chapter 2

Using the Mixers with the E4407B Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ)

2. On the analyzer, press Preset, Factory Preset, if present.

Operation

3. Select external mixing by pressing

4. The analyzer frequency band will be set to

Ext Mix Band , then press the desired band frequency range/letter key. For this

press

Input/Output, Input Mixer, Input Mixer (Ext).

26.5 - 40 GHz (A). To choose a different band,

example, we will use band A, which ranges from 36.5 GHz to 40 GHz.

Amplitude Calibration

The conversion loss versus frequency data can be entered on your analyzer from one of three sources.

• From a Conversion Loss Data Disk, supplied with your mixer . See “Using a

Conversion-Loss Data Disk with the ESA or PSA Series Analyzers” on page 21 .

• Data from the calibration sheet supplied with your mixer.

• From conversion-loss data located on the mixer bo dy label.

Manually Enter i ng Co n v er sio n -L os s D ata

1.The analyzer frequency band will be set to

Ext Mix Band and then press the desired band frequency range/letter key. For this

press

26.5 – 40 GHz (A). To choose a different band,

example, we will use band A, which ranges from 26.5 GHz to 40 GHz.

NOTE To correct for the conversion-loss of the harm onic mixer in use, the analyzer

amplitude correction feature is used .

2. Press

external mixing. The recommended set to use is

AMPLITUDE Y Scale, More , Corrections. Select a correction set for use with

Other although any available set could

be used.

3. Press

Edit to enter the appropriate conversion loss data for the mixer in use. These

values are listed on the mixer, or a calibration sheet that is supplied with the mixer.

NOTE More correction points entered across the band in use will improve frequency

response accuracy. Up to 200 points may be defined for each set.

4. Once the desired correction points are entered, press

correction set

Other. This will also turn corrections on resulting in a calibrated display.

Return, Correction (On) to activate

It is recommended that the correction set entered be saved on the internal memory or the floppy dr ive for futur e reference. See th e ES A User’s and Programmer’s Reference guide for information on saving correction values.

Operation

Chapter 2 23

Operation

Using the Mixers with the E4407B Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ)

Signal Identification

The IF output of a harmonic mixer will contain a signal at the intermediate frequency of the analyzer whenever the harmonic frequency of the LO and the frequency of the RF differ by the intermediate frequency.

As a result, within a single harmonic band, a single input signal can produce multiple responses on the analyzer display, only one of which is valid (see Figure 2-3.). These responses come in pairs, where members of the valid response pair are separated by 642.8 MHz and either the right-most (for negative harmonics) or left-most (for positive harmonics) member of the pair is the correct response.

Figure 2-3.

Operation

Identification of valid responses is achieved by simply turning on the signal-identification feature. (instrument preset selects the Image Suppress signal identification mode.) Press

Mixer

, Signal Ident (On) and note that now only the valid response (35 GHz) remains.

Press

Peak Search to place a marker on the remaining response. The signal-identification routine

Input/Output, Input

can introduce slight amplitude errors which is indicated by the message Signal Ident On, Amptd Uncal. Refer to Figure 2-4..

After identifying a signal of interest, press

Signal Ident (Off) before making final amplitude

measurements. Note that Image Suppress should only be used to identify the fundamental signal and not for accurate amplitude measurements.

24 Chapter 2

Figure 2-4.

Operation

Using the Mixers with the E4407B Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ)

Operation

Chapter 2 25

Operation

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E 4446A, or E 4448A P SA Series Spectrum Anal yzer ( Option AYZ)

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A PSA Series Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ)

Be sure to refer to “Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements” on page 9 for instrument requirements for the PSA Series spectrum analyzers . The Agilent Technologies PSA Ser ies spectrum analyzers contain an extensive menu of functions that help with millimeter measurements. The following examples explain how to connect external mixers to the spectrum analyzer, how to choose the band of interest, how to store and activate conversion-loss factors, and how to use the signal-identification functions.

Set up the equipment

1. Connect the signal source and harmonic mixer to the analyzer, as shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-5 Harmonic Mixer Setup

Spectrum Analyzer

IF INPUT

1st LO OUTPUT

Operation

SIGNAL

SOURCE

unpremix5

NOTE Agilent 5061-5458 SMA type cables should be used to connect the mixer IF

and LO ports to th e an a l y z e r. Do not over-tighten the ca b l es. The ma x i m u m torque should not exceed 112 N-cm (10 in-lb.)

SMA Cable

RF Input

Agilent 11970 SERIES

HARMONIC MIXER

26 Chapter 2

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A PSA Series Spectrum Analyzer (Option

2. On the analyzer, press Preset, Factory Preset, if present.

Operation

AYZ)

3. Select external mixing by pressing

4. The analyzer frequency band will be set to

Ext Mix Band , then press the desired band frequency range/letter key. For this

press

Input/Output, Input Mixer, Input Mixer (Ext).

26.5 - 40 GHz (A). To choose a different band,

example, we will use band A, which ranges from 36.5 GHz to 40 GHz.

Amplitude Calibration

The conversion loss versus frequency data can be entered on your analyzer from one of three sources.

• From a Conversion Loss Data Disk, supplied with your mixer . See “Using a

Conversion-Loss Data Disk with the ESA or PSA Series Analyzers” on page 21 .

• Data from the calibration sheet supplied with your mixer.

• From conversion-loss data located on the mixer bo dy label.

Manually Enter i ng Co n v er sio n -L os s D ata

1.The analyzer frequency band will be set to

Ext Mix Band and then press the desired band frequency range/letter key. For this

press

26.5 – 40 GHz (A). To choose a diff erent band,

example, we will use band A, which ranges from 26.5 GHz to 40 GHz.

NOTE To correct for the conversion-loss of the harm onic mixer in use, the analyzer

amplitude correction feature is used .

2. Press

external mixing. The recommended set to use is

AMPLITUDE Y Scale, More , Corrections. Select a correction set for use with

Other although any available set could

be used.

3. Press

Edit to enter the appropriate conversion loss data for the mixer in use. These

values are listed on the mixer, or a calibration sheet that is supplied with the mixer.

NOTE More correction points entered across the band in use will improve frequency

response accuracy. Up to 200 points may be defined for each set.

4. Once the desired correction points are entered, press

correction set

Other. This will also turn corrections on resulting in a calibrated display.

Return, Correction (On) to activate

Operation

Chapter 2 27

Operation

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E 4446A, or E 4448A P SA Series Spectrum Anal yzer ( Option AYZ)

Signal Identification

As a result, within a single harmonic band, a single input signal can produce multiple responses on the analyzer display, only one of which is valid (see Figure 2-6.). These responses come in pairs, where members of the valid response pair are separated by 642.8 MHz and either the right-most (for negative harmonics) or left-most (for positive harmonics) member of the pair is the correct response.

Figure 2-6.

Operation

Identification of valid responses is achieved by simply turning on the signal-identification feature. (instrument preset selects the Image Suppress signal identification mode.) Press

Mixer

, Signal Ident (On) and note that now only the valid response (35 GHz) remains.

Press

Peak Search to place a marker on the remaining response. Refer to Figure 2-7.

After identifying a signal of interest, press

Signal Ident (Off) before making final amplitude

Input/Output, Input

measurements. Note that Image Suppress should only be used to identify the fundamental signal and not for accurate amplitude measurements.

28 Chapter 2

Figure 2-7.

Operation

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A PSA Series Spectrum Analyzer (Option

AYZ)

Operation

Chapter 2 29

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

External millimeter mixers can be used to extend the frequency coverage of the 8560 E-Series and EC-Series spectrum analyzers. (The 8560E/ EC Option 002 and Option 327 do not have external mixing capability.)

The 8560 E-Series and EC-Series spectrum analyzers contain an extens ive me nu of functions that help with millimeter measurements. This example explains how to connect external mixers to the spectrum analyzer, how to choose the band of interest, how to store conversion-loss factors, and how to use the optional automat i c sig nal-identification functions.

Set up the equipment

1. Figure 2-8 illustrates how to connect an external harmonic mixer to the s pectrum analyzer.

Figure 2-8 External Mixer Setup

Operation

NOTE Good-quality shielded SMA-type cable s should be used to connect the mixer t o

the spectrum analyzer to ensure that no signa l attenuation occurs. Agilent 5061-5458 SMA-type cables may be used. Do not over-tighten the cables; the maximum torque should not exceed 112 N-cm (10 in-lb.) .

30 Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Select the Frequency Band

2. Specify unpreselected external mixing by pressing CONFIG, then EXT MXR PRE UNPR until UNPR is selected.

3. To select a frequency above 18 GHz: a. Press

AUX CTRL, EXTERNAL MIXER to set the analyzer to external mixer mode.

b. Enter the desired frequency directly using the center-frequency function. c. Notice i n Table 2-1 that some frequencies overlap and fall into two bands. To be sure

that the desi re d band is select ed , re f e r to Table 2-1 and select the desired frequency band, then use the full band function to enter this band.

d. In the external mixer menu, press

FULL BAND, then press the step up ⇑ key until the

letter preceding BAND in the active function area corresponds to the desired frequency band.

Table 2-1 External Mixer Frequency Ranges

Frequency Band

K 18.0 to 26.5 6 A 26.5 to 40.0 8− 30 dB Q 33.0 to 50.0 10 U 40.0 to 60.0 10 V 50.0 to 75.0 14− 30 dB E 60.0 to 90.0 16

Frequency Range (GHz)

Mixing Harmonic

− 30 dB

Conversion Loss

Operation

W 75.0 to 110.0 18 F 90.0 to 140.0 24− 30 dB D 110.0 to 170.0 30 G 140.0 to 220.0 36 Y 170.0 to 260.0 44− 30 dB J 220.0 to 325.0 54

Chapter 2 31

− 30 dB

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

In this example, we’ll look at U-band, which ranges from 40 GHz to 60 GHz, as shown in

Figure 2-9. The

ensuring that the spectrum analyzer sweeps onl y the chosen band. automatica l l y se t to O N when

LOCK HARMONIC function “locks” the spectrum analyzer in that band,

LOCK ON OFF is

FULL BAND is pressed.

Figure 2-9 Select the band of interest.

Save the average conversion-loss value

4. Default conversion-loss values that are stored in the analyzer for each fre quency band are listed in Table 2-1. These values approximate the values for the Agilent 11970 series

Operation

mixers. Other conversion-loss values may be entered into the spectrum analyz er in two ways. The first method lets you to save the average conversion-los s value for the entire band using

a. Press

A VERAGE CNV LOSS. To activate this function:

AUX CTRL, EXTERNAL MIXER, AMPTD CORRECT, AVERAGE CNV LOSS.

b. Enter the appropriate average conversion-loss value. On Agilent 11970 Series

harmonic mixers, these values are printed on the mixer. The U-band mixer used for this example had an average conversion loss of 23.5 dB, as shown in Figure 2-10.

32 Chapter 2

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Figure 2-10 Store and correct for conversion loss.

Operation

The second method for storing conversion-loss information lets you save individual conversion-loss data points at specific intervals across the harmonic band, using

LOSS VS FREQ

CNV

To view or enter a conversion-loss data point: a. Press

CNV LOSS VS FREQ.

b. Enter the conversion-loss data at the frequency shown. c. Use the step up

⇑ key to step through the band, entering the conve rsion loss at each

step.

Signal Identification

5. The IF output of a harmonic mixer contains many mixer products (frequencies of LO ±

source, 2LO harmonic band, a single input signal can produce many responses, only one of which is valid.

These responses come in pairs, where the members of the valid pair are spaced 621.4 MHz apart (see Figure 2-11) and the right-most member for the pair is the correct response (for this analyzer, the left member of a pair is not valid).

± source, 3LO ± source…nLO ± source). As a result, within a single

Operation

Chapter 2 33

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Figure 2-11 Signal Responses Produced by a 50 GHz Signal in U Band

Identify signals with the frequency-shift method

6. Signal-identification routines that identify the signal and images are available on instrument s w i th fi r m wa re re v isi ons method of identifying valid signal s uses the spectrum-analyzer function When using this function, smaller spans will yield more accurate measurements.

a. Span down to 50 MHz.

Operation

b. Press c. Press

AUX CTRL, EXTERNAL MIXER, SIGNAL IDENT. SIG ID ON OFF until ON is selected.

Any signal not produced by the currently se lected harmonic will be shifted horizontally on alternate sweeps (see Figure 2-12). Therefore, when viewing the display, on alternate sweeps the signal will app ear, then not appear, at the frequency of interest. The correc t signal produced by the selected harmonic will be shifted in a vertical direction only, as shown in Figure 2-13.

≤920528, or with Option 008. The frequency-shift

SIG ID ON OFF.

34 Chapter 2

Figure 2-12 Response for Invalid Signals

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Figure 2-13 Response for Valid Signals

Operation

Chapter 2 35

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Identify signals in wide frequency spans

SIG ID AT MKR identifies signals in wide frequency spans, using harmonic search. SIG ID

AT MKR

automatically determines the proper frequency of a signal and displays its

value on the spectrum analyzer.

• Activating

SIG ID AT MKR on an image of the signal will yield a reading in the active

block, as shown in Figure 2-14. The true signal frequency is given with an identifier that the marker resides on an image. If the marker is placed on a true signal, and

SIG ID AT MKR is activated, the si g nal frequency will appear without the IMAGE

notation, as shown in Figure 2-15.

8. To activate

SIG ID AT MKR:

a. Place a marker on a signal. b. Press

9. To exit the external mixer mode, press

Figure 2-14

AUX CTRL, EXTERNAL MIXER, SIGNAL IDENT, SIG ID AT MKR.

AUX CTRL, then INTERNAL MIXER.

SIG ID AT MKR Performed on an Image Signal

Operation

36 Chapter 2

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Figure 2-15 SIG ID AT MKR P erformed on a True Signal

Operation

Chapter 2 37

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

Preliminary Operation

NOTE This section provides information for the Agilent 70907A (or B), however the

operation of the Agilent 70909A and Agilent 70910A is similar. Minor differences may be noted , but the necessary deviations from these exact instructions will be obvious.

Equipment Connection

Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-16 Use the following checklist to verify the connections:

• Agilent 11970 LO IN to Agilent 70907B LO OUTPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

• Agilent 11970 IF OUT to Agilent 70907B IF INPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

Figure 2-16 Agilent 11970 Connections to the Agilent 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer

Operation

38 Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

Operation

Band Selection

Use the following key sequence to enter the external mixing mode and to select the desired band of operation:

MENU Select Input State ext mixer fulband KAQUVE

- choose external mixer input, for example: “IN 2 EM 70910A”

Press the softkey for the desired band.

NOTE The above band selection key sequence must be used to enter the external

mixing band of operation. Do not enter in the center frequency of the band directly.

Amplitude Calibration for a Single Frequency

Enter the conversion loss at the desired frequency from either the calibration label on the end of the Agilent 11970 or the supplied calibration sheet by using the following key sequence:

State ext mixer

Operation

CONV LOSS

Enter the conversion loss value of the desired frequency, then terminate the entry with dB.

NOTE The above procedure is a single-point conversion-loss correction. For an

alternative procedure, available by remote programming only, refer to

“Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction” on page 43.

Chapter 2 39

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

General Descriptions of Agilent 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer External-Mixing Functions

ext mixer Allows access to the following softkey func tions that control the

measurement range when an external mixer extends the

ext mixer softkey can be

fulband KAQUVE

spectrum analyzer frequency range. The found under the

fulband KAQUVE fulband WFDGYJ CONV LOSS SIGNAL IDENT

State key.

and

fulband WFDGYJ Specify the frequency range for measurements made with

external mixers. Twelve frequency bands are available. Table 2-2 lists the start and stop frequencies of each band and also shows which local-oscillator harmonic (N) is used for the mixing process . Once a band is selected, the frequency range is locke d and the spectrum a n a l y z er tunes with the local-o s c i l la tor harmon i c for that band only.

Table 2-2 External Mixing Bands and Associated Mixing Harmonics

Band Harmon ic Number (N) Frequency Range (GHz)

K6 A 8+ 26.5 to 40.0

Operation

Q 10+ 33.0 to 50.0 U 10+ 40.0 to 60.0 V 14+ 50.0 to 75.0 E 16+ 60.0 to 90.0

W 18+ 75.0 to 110.0

F 24+ 90.0 to 140.0 D 30+ 110.0 to 170.0 G 36+ 140.0 to 220.0 Y 42+ 170.0 to 260.0

J 50+ 220.0 to 330.0

− 18.0 to 26.5

40 Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

CONV LOSS

(conversion loss) Offsets the reference level to compens ate for amplitude losses at

the active input port. If necessary, use

select input to activate the

desired inp u t po rt before spec i fying its conv e rsion-loss of fset. To clear the offset, enter a conversion loss of zero. After the instrument preset, a default value of 30 dB is activated

automatically for the input port of the external-mixer-interface module.

Preset Input Sets which active input port will be selected when the INSTR

PRESET

pressing

INSTR PRESET R esets to the preset input and to the lowest full frequency range

is pressed. The preset input softkey can be accessed by

State, then MORE.

available. (For an external mixer, this is band A.) This is a front panel key.

SIGNAL IDENT

(signal i dentify) Press Frequency, More, sig id options.

Executes a routine to identify real, in-band signals using either the image (default) or shift methods.

Several options are available under

SIG ID ⇒ CF Places the marker on the identified real signal and

sig id options:

centers the signal on the display.

SIG ID MAN OFF Selects manual or automatic (default) mode.

IMAGE/SHIFT Selects the routine to use for identification.

SIG ID AMPTD ∆ Specifies the amplitude difference between the

marked signal and signals tested as images or harmonics (default is 10 dB; applies only to IMAGE mode.)

IMAGE N START Determines the frequency range for possibl e image or

harmonic responses by sele cting the lowest and highest local oscillator harmonic used for mixing, according to the tuning equation below:

= N x FLO ± IF

Default is 1.

IMAGE N STOP See “IMAGE N START” definition above.

Operation

Default is 40.

Chapter 2 41

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

NOTE See the tabl e below for available frequency ranges and related harmonic numbers. Use

the IMAGE N START and IMAGE N STOP softkeys for the image identification only.

Table 2-3 Frequency Ranges and Corresponding Harmonic Numbers

Band/Range Harmonic Number and Sign of

IF (N)

Internal Mixing - Agilent

71210C

Internal Mixing - Agilent

71200C

External Mixing - Agilent

70907A

7090

709

10A

709

09A

2.9 - 6.2

6.0 - 12.7

12.5 - 19.9

19.7 - 22.0/26.5

2.9 - 6.2

6.0 - 12.8

12.6 - 22.0

K 18.0 - 26.5 A 26.5 - 40.0 Q 33.0 - 50.0 U 40.0 - 60.0 V 50.0 - 75.0

E 60.0 - 90.0 W 75.0 - 110.0 F 90.0 - 140.0 D 110.0 - 170.0 G 140.0 - 220.0 Y 170.0 - 260.0 J 220.0 - 330.0

−1

−2 +3 +4

−1

−2

−4 +6

+8 +10 +10 +14 +16 +18 +24 +30 +36 +42 +50

Operation

42 Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction

The Agilent 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzers with the Agilent 70907A (or B) External Mixer Interface Module installed has the am plitude-correction function (AMPCOR) available by remote programming.

Use AMPCOR to compensate for the Agilent 11970 Series frequency-dependent conversion-loss variations. Up to 200 pairs of frequency-amplitude correction p oints can be entered, depending on the amount of available internal memory. The frequency values entered must be in increasing order, or an error condition results. Whenever AMPCOR is on, the correction values are added to all measurement results.

The values of the correction points are applied across the active measurement range. Between points, the correction value are interpolated. When the measuring at frequencies outside of the first and last correction pairs from memory.

When AMPCOR is executed, the frequency pairs are stored in internal memory. The remote commands DISPOSE ALL, FORMAT, ERASE, and DISPOSE AMP COR erase the amplitude-correction pairs from memory.

NOTE DISPOSE ALL, FORMAT, and ERASE erases much more than the

amplitude-correction pairs from memory. Do not use these commands without referring to the programmer’s manual for the Agilent 70000 and Agilent 70900B to determine their effect on instrument programming.

Because AMPCOR adjusts IF gain and attenuation, AMPCOR should be used with care when measuring signals near the compression level (also at a frequency that is corr ected by the AMPCOR command).

To use AMPCOR for the Agilent 11970 conversion los s c orrection, first set the single- point conversion loss function to zero with the following command:

OUTPUT 718; “CNVLOSS 0DB;”

Then build the AMPCOR table with frequency conversion loss pairs. The following example program line shows three pairs of frequency conversion loss values for a typical Agilent 11970V.

OUTPUT 718; “AMPCOR 50GHZ, 49.6DB, 51GHZ, 49.1DB, 52GHZ,48.6DB;”

The conversion loss corrections are activated by the AMPCOR ON command; use AMPCOR OFF to deactivate the function (be sure to manually enter a single-point conversion-loss value if AMPCOR has been used).

Operation

Chapter 2 43

Operation

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

To pr int out an existing AMPCOR table, use the program listed below:

10 dim A$ (1:20) [30]

20 OUTPUT 718; “CONVLOSS 0DB;” 30 OUTPUT 718; “AMPCOR 50 GHZ, 46.1DB, 52GHZ, 46.7DB, 53GHZ,47.2DB;” 40 ! 50 OUTPUT 718; “AMPCOR?;” 60 ENTER 718 USING “%,k”;A$ (*) 70 ! 80 FOR I=1 TO 10 90 PRINT “Point “;I,A$ (I) 100 NEXT I 110 END

Line 30: Generates an AMPCOR table. Line 60: % specifies that an EOI terminates the en tire stat ement. “K” specifie s that

terminates the individual string entry.

Returned values are in the format where the frequen cy in Hz is listed first, fo llowed by the conversion loss in dB . See the following example:

Point 1 50.00000000E+9,46.1 Point 2 52.00000000E+9,46.7 Point 3 53.00000000E+9,47.2 Point 4 Point 5 Point 6 Point 7 Point 8 Point 9 Point 10

Operation

Point 11

NOTE For further information, consult the Agilent 70900B

Local-Oscillator-Controlled Modules Programming Manual, part number 70900-90284.

44 Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Set up the equipment

1. Co n nect the exte r n a l harmonic m i x e r to the spectr u m a n a lyzer, as shown in Figure 2-17.

NOTE Good-quality shielded SMA-type cable s should be used to connect the mixer t o

Figure 2-17

External Mixer Connection

Operation

CAUTION Before connecting the Agilent 11975A Amplifier, set the ALC switch to ON.

Failure to do so can damage the mixer.

2. Power up the spectrum analyzer and then the amplifier.

3. Adjust the amplifier power to 16 dBm.

4. To access the spectrum analyzer’s millimeter bands, press

⇑

until the desired band is displaye d on the screen, as shown in Figure 2-18. Note that

SHIFT and then the up arrow

this is important because toggling throu gh the bands , causes the band to autom atically harmonic lock as evidenced by the on-screen annotatio n of “Harmonic 6” changing to

Chapter 2 45

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

“Harmonic 6L”, where “L” stands for locked, or you could press Shift+z to manually harmonic lock.

Figure 2-18

TYPICAL MILLIMETER SIGNAL DISPLAY

A menu of millimeter measurement functions is accessed by pressing SHIFT, 1, MHz. Even though the spectrum analyzer is in an external mixer band, the 8566B spectrum analyzer retains full operation capabil ity (except for use of the RF input attenuator and prese lector).

Amplitude Calibration

Procedure

Operation

Each 11970 series harmonic mixer is characterized at the factory and comes with a calibration chart (See Figure 2-19). The horizontal axis of the chart gives the frequency range of the mixer and the two vertical axis scales are calibrated in conversion loss and in reference level offset.

To correct the amplit ude calibrati on of the spectrum analyzer to account for the conv ersi on loss of the harmonic mixer, press

SHIFT, 5, MHz to access conversion loss entry and key in the appropriat e value on the

press

SHIFT, 1, MHz, which accesses the mil limeter menu . Then

spectrum analyzer as shown on the mixer calibration chart. For measurements that span the entire band, choose an average value of conversion loss

from the conversion loss chart. For those spectrum analyzers with date codes earlier than

13.8.86, the conversion loss is changed using the ref erence level function. Press

REFERENCE LEVEL, then key in the reference level offset shown on the right side of the

SHIFT, then

mixer calibration chart.

46 Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Signal Identification

Figure 2-18 shows a typical full-band display of a single input signal. Direct interpretation

of the display is difficult because of the large number of responses produced by several local oscillator harmonics generated in the mixer. To solve this problem the 8566B spectrum analyzer uses two methods of signal identification.

The first is an automatic image search in which the spectrum analyzer looks for a signal image within a preset range of harmonic numbers. This automatic signal identification routine is initiated by pressing appears on the CRT: SIGNAL NOT IDENTIFIED, SIGNAL IDENTIFIED OUT OF BAND (w i t h the frequency), or CENTER (with the identified signal frequency). The range of harmonic numbers through which the spectrum analyzer searches can be changed by accessing “search start HN” and “sea rch st op HN,” which are respectively.

The second method, manual signal identification, is a fast method of verifying that the displayed signal is a true signal in the specified band. Press function. P ositive signal ident ification is ind icated if the signal in question does not change frequency and is reduced in amplitud e by one to two divisions on alt ernate sweeps . A faile d signal identification is indicated by the signal disap pear i ng or shifting in frequency.

SHIFT, 3, MHz. Upon completion, one of three messages

SHIFT, 7, MHz and SHIFT, 8, MHz,

SHIFT, 4, MHz to activate this

Operation

Chapter 2 47

Operation

Using the Mixers with the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Figure 2-19 Sample Mixer Calibration Ta ble

Operation

48 Chapter 2

3 Performance Tests

Performance Tests

Introduction

This section contains instructions for testing the performance of the 11970 Series Mixers. Performance tests are used to check the mixers at incoming inspection and for periodic evaluation. The tests verify the specifications listed for the mixers in Table 1-1.

Test equipment required for the performance tests is listed in Table 3-1. for the 11970K,

Table 3-2. for the 11970A, Table 3-3. for the 11970Q, Table 3-4. for the 11970U, Table 3-5. for

the 11970V and Table 3-6. for the 11970W. Test ins truments other than those lis ted may be used provided their performance equals or exceeds the critical specifications listed in Tables 3-1 through 3-6.

Test Record

At the end of each test is a test record, which is used for recording the performance test data. Make copies of these test records and use them as worksheets when doing the tests.

Performance Tests

50 Chapter 3

Performance Tests

Performance Test Procedures

Description

Each performance test procedure is contained in a single paragraph. The first entry in each paragraph is the specification for the parameter being measured as described in Table

1-1 This is followed by a general description of the test and any special instructions or

problem areas. Appropriate test setup illustrations are included in this section and are referenced in the proc edures . You MUST do the tests, and the ste ps within eac h tes t, in the order they are given.

Table 3-1. Recommended Test Equipment for 11907K

Instrument Critical Specifications Recommended Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with mixer 8566B Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 18 to 26.5 GHz

Output Level: >-10 dBm

Amplifier Output Level: >18 dBm leveled

Frequency Range: 3 to 4.5 GHz Power Meter Compatible with Power Sensor 436A Power Sensor SWR: <1.3 8485A

Directional Coupler

Isolator Insertion Loss: <1.5 dB

Adapter (2 required) 3.5 mm female to WR-42

Cables (3 required) Connectors: SMA male P/N 5061-5458 Cable Connectors: SMA

Coupling: 10 dB

Directivity: >40 dB

Primary Arm SWR: <1.05

Auxiliary Arm SWR: <1.2

Isolation: >20 dB

SWR: <1.2

SWR: <1.1

Loss: <1.0 dB @ 20 GHz

8340A

11975A

K752C

P/N 0960-0081

K281C

P/N 8120-4396

1. Calibration data for the coupling ratio b etween the output arm and the auxiliary arm is necessary for accurate measurement s.

Performance Tests

Chapter 3 51

Performance Tests

Performance Test Procedures

Table 3-2. Recommended Test Equipment for 11970A

Instrument Critical Specifications Recommended

Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with mixer 8566B Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 8 to 13.5 GHz

8340A

Output Level: >0 dBm

Amplifier Output Level: >18 dBm leveled

11975A

Frequency Range: 3 to 5 GHz

Amplifier Frequency Range: 8 to 13.5 GHz

8349A

Output Level >15 dBm Power Meter Compatible with Power Sensor 436A Power Sensor SWR: <2.0 R8486A Power Sensor SWR: <1.3 @ 6 GHz 8485A

Directional Coupler

Coupling: 20 dB

R752D Directivity: >40 dB Primary Arm SWR: <1.05 Auxiliary Arm SWR: <1.2

Isolator Insertion Loss: <1.5 dB

P/N 0960-0082 Isolation: >20 dB SWR: <1.2

Frequency Tripler Input Power: >10 dBm minimum

Conversion Loss: <15 dB

Spacekom Microwave

TKa-1

Adapter SMA female to SMA female P/N 1250-1158 Adapter SMA female to Type N female P/N 1250-1404 Adapter (2 required) Type N male to SMA female P/N 1250-1250 Cables (3 required) Connectors: SMA male P/N 5061-5458 Cable Connectors: SMA male

P/N 8120-4396 Loss: <1.0 dB @ 20 GHz

Cable Connectors: BNC male 11086A

1. Calibration data for the coupling ration between the output arm and the auxiliary arm is necessary for accurate measurements.

2. Honeywell, Inc. Spacekom Microwave Cente r, Santa Barbara, CA

Performance Tests

52 Chapter 3

Performance Tests

Performance Test Procedures

Table 3-3. Recommended Test Equipment for 11970Q

Instrument Critical Specifications Recommended Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with mixer 8566B Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 11.0 to 16.7 GHz

8340A

Output Level: >0 dBm

Amplifier Output Level: >18 dBm leveled

11975A

Frequency Range: 4 to 6 GHz

Amplifier Frequency Range: 11.0 to 16.7 GHz

8349A

Output Level >15 dBm Power Meter Compatible with Power Sensor 436A Power Sensor SWR: <2.0 Q8486A Power Sensor SWR: <1.3 @ 6 GHz 8485A

Directional Coupler

Coupling: 20 dB

Q752D

Directivity: >30 dB

Auxiliary Arm SWR: <1.2 Isolator Insertion Loss: <2 dB

Q365A Isolation: >20 dB SWR: <1.5

Frequency Tripler Conversion Loss: <20 dB

Spacekom Microwave

TKa-1

Adapter SMA female to Type N female P/N 1250-1404

Adapter SMA female to SMA female P/N 1250-1158 Adapter (2 required) Type N male to SMA female P/N 1250-1250 Cables (4 required) Connectors: SMA male P/N 5061-5458 Cable Connectors: SMA male

P/N 8120-4396 Loss: <1.0 dB @ 20 GHz

Cable Connectors: BNC male 11086A

1. Calibration data for the coupling ration between the output arm and the auxiliary arm is necessary for accurate measurements.

2. Honeywell, Inc. Spacekom Microwave Cente r, Santa Barbara, CA

Chapter 3 53

Performance Tests

Performance Test Procedures

Table 3-4. Recommended Test Equipment for 11970U

Instrument Critical Specifications Recommended Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with mixer 8566B Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 13.3 to 20 GHz

8340A

Output Level: > 9 dBm

Amplifier Output Level: > 18 dBm leveled

11975A

Frequency Range: 4 to 6 GHz

Amplifier Frequency Range: 13.3 to 20 GHz

8349A

Output Level >15 dBm Power Meter Compatible with Power Sensor 432A Thermistor Mount SWR: <2.0

Hughes

45773H-1100

Thermistor Mount SWR: <1.3 @ 6 GHz 478A Directional Coupler

Coupling: 20 dB

U752D Directivity: >30 dB Auxiliary Arm SWR: <1.2

Isolator Insertion Loss: <2 dB

U365A Isolation: >20 dB SWR: <1.5

Frequency Tripler Conversion Loss: <20 dB

Spacekom Microwave

TKa-1

Adapter SMA female to Type N female P/N 1250-1404

Adapter SMA female to SMA female P/N 1250-1158 Adapter (2 required) Type N male to SMA female P/N 1250-1250 Cables (4 required) Connectors: SMA male P/N 5061-5458 Cable Connectors: SMA male

P/N 8120-4396 Loss: <1.0 dB @ 20 GHz

Cable Connectors: BNC male 11086A

1. Hughes Aircraft Co. Electron Dynamics Division, Torrance, CA

2. Calibration data for the coupling ration between the output arm and the auxiliary arm is necessary for accurate measurements.

3. Honeywell, Inc. Spacekom Microwave Cente r, Santa Barbara, CA

Performance Tests

54 Chapter 3

Performance Tests

Performance Test Procedures

Table 3-5. Recommended Test Equipment for 11970V

Instrument Critical Specifications Recommended Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with mixer 8566B Swept Source Compatible with V-Band Plug-In 8350B V-Band Source Plug-In Frequency Range: 50 to 75 GHz

Hughes

47724H-1510

Output Level: >0 dBm

Amplifier Output Level >18 dBm leveled

11975A

Frequency Range: 4 to 6 GHz Power Meter Compatible with Power Sensor 432A Thermistor Mount SWR: <2.0 Hughes 45774H-1100 Thermistor Mount SWR: <1.3 @ 6 GHz 478A

Directional Coupler

Coupling: 20 dB

Hughes 45324H-1220 Directivity: >20 dB Auxiliary Arm SWR: <1.5

Variable Attentuator Range: 0 to 15 dB

TRG

510V/385 Adapter SMA female to Type N female P/N 1250-1404 Adapter SMA female to SMA female P/N 1250-1158 Adapter (2 required) Type N male to SMA female P/N 1250-1250 Cables (4 required) Connectors: SMA male P/N 5061-5458 Cable Connectors: SMA male

P/N 8120-4396

Loss: <1.0 dB @ 20 GHz

Cable Connectors: BNC male 11086A

1. Hughes Aircraft Co. Electron Dynamics Division, Torrance, CA

2. Calibration data for the coupling ration between the output arm and the auxil iary arm is necessary for accurate measurement s.

3. Alpha Industries Inc. TRG Division, Woburn, MA

Chapter 3 55

Performance Tests

Performance Test Procedures

Table 3-6. Recommended Test Equipment for 11970W

Instrument Critical Specifications Recommended

Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with mixer 8566B Swept Source Compatible with W-Band Plug-In 8350B W-Band Source Plug-In Frequency Range: 75 to 110 GHz

Hughes

47726H-1510

Output Level: >0 dBm

Amplifier Output Le v el >18 dBm leveled

11975A

Frequency Range: 4 to 6 GHz Power Meter Compatible with Power Sensor 432A Thermistor Mount SWR: <2.0 Hughes 45776H-1100 Thermistor Mount SWR: <1.3 @ 6 GHz 478A

Directional Coupler

Coupling: 20 dB

Hughes 45326H-1220 Directivity: >20 dB Auxiliary Arm SWR: <1.5

Variable Attentu ator Range: 0 to 15 dB

TRG

W510 Adapter SMA femal e to Ty p e N fe ma l e P/N 1250-140 4 Adapter SMA female to SMA female P/N 1250-1158 Adapter (2 required) Type N male to SMA female P/N 1250-1250 Cables (4 required) Connectors: SMA male P/N 5061-5458 Cable Connectors: SMA male

P/N 8120-4396

Loss: <1.0 dB @ 20 GHz

Cable Connectors: BNC male 11086A

1. Hughes Aircraft Co. Electron Dynamics Division, Torrance, CA

2. Calibration data for the coupling ration between the output arm and the auxiliary arm is necessary for accurate measurements.

3. Alpha Industries Inc. TRG Division, Woburn, MA

Performance Tests

56 Chapter 3

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Specifications

Conversion Loss: For a CW RF input power of less than -20 dBm 11970K: 24 dB maximum 11970A: 26 dB maximum 11970Q: 28 dB maximum 11970U: 28 dB maximum 11970V: 40 dB maximum 11970W: 47 dB maximum

Performance Tests

Frequency Response: For an LO amplitude between 14.5 and 16.0 dBm 11970K: ±1.9 dB 11970A: ±1.9 dB 11970Q: ±1.9 dB 11970U: ±1.9 dB 11970V: ±2.1 dB 11970W: ±3.0 dB

For an LO amplitude between 14.0 and 18.0 dBm 11970K: ±2.8 dB 11970A: ±2.8 dB 11970Q: ±2.8 dB 1197OU: ±2.8 dB 11970V: ±2.8 dB

Performance Tests

11970W: ±4.0 dB

Chapter 3 57

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Description

The frequency response and conve rsion loss are checked at four LO power levels. A known input power is applied to the input of the mixer. The IF output power is measured on the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer. From these measurements, the conversion loss and frequency response are calculated.

1. Connect an SMA cable from the 1st LO OUTPUT of the spectrum analyzer to the INPUT of the amplifier. Connect a second SMA cable to the OUTPUT of the amplifier.

2. For 11970K: Zero and c alibrate the power meter. For 11970A, 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V or 11970W: Connect the 478A Power Sensor to the power meter sensor cables , then zero the power meter.

3. Set the 8566A/B Spectrum Analyzer controls as follows:

SHIFT, ↑, KSU FREQUENCY SPAN, 0, Hz SHIFT

, SWEEP, CONT, KSt

CENTER

, 2, 4, [.] 5, GHz

CAUTION When you are using a 11975A Amplifier with a 11970 Series Mixer, you

MUST set the amplifier rear-panel ALC switch to ON before you connect the amplifier into the test set up . If the ALC switc h is left in the OFF posit ion, the amplifier output power is high enough to destroy the mixer diodes.

4. On the 11975A Amplifier, set the rear panel ALC switch to ON, then connect the power sensor to the free end of the cable installed on the OUTPUT connector of the amplifier. Set the power meter Cal Factor to the appropriate value for a frequency of 4 GHz.

5. Adjust the amplifier OUTPUT POWER LEVEL for a reading of 14.0 ± 0.1 dBm on the power meter. Record the LO power in Table 3-7.

6. Set the power meter Cal Factor to 100 percent.

7. Connect the equipment, as shown in Figure 3-1.

CAUTION Make sure the 8349A Amplifier, used in the signal generator system for

11970A, Q and U tests, is set for external leve ling before you turn it on. Failure to do so may allow the amplifier output to rise about 20 dBm (high enough to damage the frequency tripler).

8. Set the signal generator for a CW output signal at the frequencies listed below: 11970K: 18.0 GHz 11970A: 26.5 GHz 11970Q: 33.0 GHz

Performance Tests

11970U: 40.0 GHz

58 Chapter 3

11970V: 50.0 GHz 11970W: 75.0 GHz

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Chapter 3 59

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

9. Adjust the output power of the signa l gene rato r for a r eading of ap pr oximately -10 dBm on the power meter for the 11970K, V or W and for approximately -3 dBm for the 11970A, Q or U. (Make sure that the unleveled light is not on for the 11970V and 11970W. Vary the power by adjusting the rotary vane attenuator.)

10.On the spectrum analyzer, press

11.Set spectrum analyzer

CENTER FREQUENCY to:

SHIFT and [MKR/∆ ⇑ STP SIZE].

11970K: 22 GHz 11970A: 33 GHz 11970Q: 41 GHz 11970U: 50 GHz 11970V: 62 GHz 11970W: 92 GHz

12.On the spectrum analyzer, press

SHIFT and SWEEP, CONT.

13.Set the spectrum analy zer controls as follows: For 11970K, A, Q or U:

SHIFT, REFERENCE LEVEL, 3, 0, -dB SCALE RES BW FREQUENCY SPAN, 2, 0, MHz

ENTER dB/DIV, 2, dB

, 1, MHz

CF STEP SIZE

, 5, 0, 0, MHz

For 11970V or W:

SHIFT, REFERENCE LEVEL, 3, 0, -dB SCALE RES BW FREQUENCY SPAN, 2, 0, 0, MHz CF STEP SIZE

ENTER dB/DIV, 2, dB

, 3, MHz

, 1, GHz Press REFERENCE LEVEL: 11970K:

3, 6, -dBm

11970A: 3, 8, -dBm 11970Q: 4, 0, -dBm 11970U: 4, 0, -dBm 11970V: 4, 8, -dBm

Performance Tests

11970W: 5, 6, -dBm

60 Chapter 3

Then press CENTER FREQUENCY:

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

11970K:

1, 8, GHz

11970A: 2, 6, [.] 5, GHz 11970Q: 3, 3, GHz 11970U: 4, 0, GHz 11970V: 5, 0, GHz 11970W: 7, 5, GHz

14.Press MARKER, PEAK SEARCH. If necessary, press MKR→CF and use DISPLAY LINE

ENTER to find the average of the signal’s peak variations. (When testing 11970V or

11970W mixers, it is important to re-zero the power meter for each measurement.)

15.Record the following in Table 3-7: Marker Frequency Marker Amplitude Power Meter Reading Power Sensor Cal Factor or Correction Factor (dB) Directional Coupler Coupling Factor

NOTE For the purposes of this measurement, the directional coupler coupling factor

is defined as the ratio of the power at the output flange to the power at the coupled flange.

16.Calculate the conversion loss of the mixer with the following equation:

Conversion Loss = Power Meter Reading - 10 log(Cal Factor) - Spectrum Analyzer Marker Amplitude - Coupling Factor

(or given the Power Meter Correction Factor in dB: Conversion Loss = Power Meter Reading + Power Meter Correction Factor - Spectrum Analyzer Marker Amplitude Coupling Factor)

For examp le:

Power Meter Reading = -10.03 dBm Cal Factor = 94.8% or Correction Factor = -0.232 dB Spectrum Analyzer reading = -39.78 dBm Coupling Factor 8.93 dB

then:

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss (-10.03) - 10 log(.948) - (-39.78 dBm) - 8.93 dB = 21.05 dB

Chapter 3 61

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

or Conversion Loss = (-10.03 dBm) - (-0.232) - (-39.78 dBm) - 8.93 dB = 21.05 dB

17.Record the conversion loss in Table 3-7.

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62 Chapter 3

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

NOTE The conversion loss indicated on the mixer calibration label includes the loss

in the IF cable. If other than the specified cable is used, then the loss in that cable must be compensated for when making amplitude measurements.

18.Increment the frequency of the signal generator 500 MHz higher.

19.Press DATA [

↑], then PEAK SEARCH and MKR→CF on the spectrum analyzer.

20.Repeat steps 15 through 18 until the appropriate frequency listed below is reached. 11970K: 26.5 GHz 11970A: 40.0 GHz 11970Q: 50.0 GHz 1197OU: 60.0 GHz 11970V: 75.0 GHz 11970W: 110.0 GHz

21.Repeat steps 1 through 19 for LO inputs to the mixer of 14.5 dBm, 16.0 dBm, and

18.0 dBm. In step 5, measure each of these levels at the end of the cable normally connecte d to the mixer L O in put.

22.Frequency response is the difference between the maximum and minimum conversion losses rec orded in Table 3-7. For LO power levels between 14.5 and 16.0 dBm this difference must be less than:

3.8 dB (for 11970K, 11970A, 11970Q or 1197OU)

4.2 dB (for 11970V)

6.0 dB (for 11970W)

• For LO power levels between 14.0 and 18.0 dBm, the difference must be less than:

5.6 dB (for 11970K, 11970A, 11970Q, 11970U or 11970V)

8.0 dB (for 11970W)

23.Maximum conversion loss must not exceed the following limits: For an LO input power between 14.0 and 18.0 dBm. 11970K: 24 dB 11970A: 26 dB 11970Q: 28 dB 11970U: 28 dB 11970V: 40 dB 11970W: 46 dB

Chapter 3 63

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Figure 3-1 Performance Test Setups (1 of 2)

Performance Tests

64 Chapter 3

Figure 3-2 Performance Test Setups (2 of 2)

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Chapter 3 65

Performance Tests

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Table 3-7 Conversion Loss and Frequency Response Test Record

CONVERSION LOSS AND FRE QUENCY RESPONSE for an LO POWER of_____________dBm

Model Number_________ ___ Date_____________ Serial Number______________Tested By _________________

Marker Frequency

GHz dBm dBm % or dB dB dB

Marker Amplitude

Power Meter Readings

Power Sensor Cal Factor

Directional Coupler Coupling Factor

Conversion Loss

Performance Tests

66 Chapter 3

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Table 3-7 Conversion Loss and Frequency Response Test Record

CONVERSION LOSS AND FRE QUENCY RESPONSE for an LO POWER of_____________dBm

Performance Tests

Marker Frequency

GHz dBm dBm % or dB dB dB

Frequency Response = _______________dB

Marker Amplitude

Power Meter Readings

Power Sensor Cal Factor

Directional Coupler Coupling Factor

Conversion Loss

Chapter 3 67

Performance Tests

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST

Specification

11970K: -110 dBm 11970A: -108 dBm 11970Q: -104 dBm 11970U: -104 dBm 11970V: -92 dBm 11970W: -85 dBm

Description

The average displayed noise level in a 1 kHz bandwidth, using external mixing with the 8566A/B Spectrum Analyzer, is checked at several LO power levels. This is accompli shed by applying a known power to the input of the mixer. The difference between the amplitude of the known signal and t he noise floor is meas ured. Fro m these measurements, the average noise level in a 1 kHz bandwidth is calculated.

1. Connect an SMA cable from the spectrum analyzer LO OUTPUT to the INPUT of the 11975A Amplifier. Connect a second SMA cable to the amplifier OUTPUT.

2. For 11970K: Zero and c alibrate the power meter. For 11970A, 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V or 11970W: Connect the 478A Power Sensor to the power meter sensor cables , then zero the power meter.

3. On the 8566A/B Spectrum Analyzer, set the controls as follows:

SHIFT, DATA STEP [↑] KSU FREQUENCY SPAN SHIFT

, SWEEP, CONT, KSt

CENTER FREQUENCY, 2, 4 [.] 5, GHz

, 0, Hz

CAUTION When you are using a 11975A Amplifier with a 11970 Series Mixer, you

Performance Tests

68 Chapter 3

Performance Tests

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST

4. On the 11975A Amplifier, set the rear panel ALC switch to ON. Then connect the power sensor to the free end of the cable connected to the output of the amplifier. Set the power meter calibration factor to the value shown on the power sensor calibration label for 4 GHz.

5. Adjust the amplifier OUTPUT POWER LEVEL control for a reading of 14.5 ± 0.1 dBm on the power meter.

Chapter 3 69

Performance Tests

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST

CAUTION Make sure the 8349A Amplifier, used in the signal generator system for

11970A, Q and U tests, is set for external leve ling before you turn it on. Failure to set this amplifier for external leveling may allow the amplifier output to rise about 20 dBm, which is high enough to damage the frequency tripler.

6. Disconnect the power sensor and connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-1.

7. On the 8566A/B Spectrum Analyzer, set the controls as follows: For 11970K, A, Q or U:

SHIFT, DATA STEP [↑] KSU FREQUENCY SPAN VIDEO BW, 1, 0, 0, Hz RES BW,

1, 0, 0, kHz

3, 0, MHz

For 11970V or W:

SHIFT, DATA STEP [↑] KSU FREQUENCY SPAN VIDEO BW, 3, MHz RES BW

, 3, MHz

, 1, 0, 0, MHz

and CENTER FREQUENCY: For 11970K:

2, 2, GHz

For 11970A: 3, 3, GHz For 11970Q: 4, 1, GHz For 11970U: 5, 0,GHz For 11970V: 6, 2,[.] 5, GHz For 11970W: 9, 2,[.] 5,GHz

8. Press SHIFT and SWEEP, CONT, KSt.

9. Press For 11970K:

CENTER FREQUENCY again and enter the appr opriate ce nter frequenc y as fo llows :

1, 8, GHz

For 11970A: 2, 6, [.] 5, GHz For 11970Q: 3, 3, GHz

Performance Tests

For 11970U: 4, 0, GHz

70 Chapter 3

For 11970V: 5, 0, GHz

Performance Tests

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST

For 11970W:

7, 5, GHz

10.Record the center frequency in Table 3-8.

11.Set the power meter CAL FACTOR to the value shown on the sensor calibration label for the center frequency indicated on the spectrum analyzer.

12.Set the signal gener ator output to produce a CW signal near the center of the spectrum analyzer display. Next, set the signal generator outp ut power level to pr oduce a read ing of approximately -10 dBm on the power meter. Record the power meter reading in Table

3-8. (When testing the 11970V or W, re-zero the power meter for each measurement.)

13.Subtract the coupling factor for the directional coupler from the power meter reading, then add the power meter correction factor (d B) to the power meter reading . Record this corrected power reading in Table 3-8.

Corrected Power Reading = Power Meter Reading - Coupling Factor + Power Meter Correction Factor .

For examp le:

(-10.03 dBm) - 9.82 dB + 0.73 = -19.1 dBm

14.On the 8566A/B , press

MARKER, PEAK SEARCH, then MKR→REF LVL. Record the marker

amplitude in Table 3-8.

15.Move the marker to the displayed noise floor, or turn off the CW signal, and record the marker amplitude in Table 3-8. (Some sources may have excessive wide band noise when the RF signal is turned off, so that the noise floor must be measured with the s ignal l eft on.)

NOTE Step 15 requires a signal source with a wide band phase noise characteristic

that is at least 6 dB better than the measured average noise leve l.

16.The Average Noise Level is calculated as follows: Average Nois e Level = Cor rec ted Power Reading (step 13) - Marker Amplitude (step 14)

+ Marker Amplitude (step 15) - Measurement Bandwidth Correction Factor

11970K, A, Q and U Bandwidth Correction = 10log(l00kHz/ 1 kHz) 11970V and W Bandwidth Correction = 10log(3MHz/ 1 kHz)

For examp le:

Average Noise Level = (- 19.1 dBm) - (-32.3 dBm) + (-77.7 dBm) - 34.77 dB = - 99.3 dBm

17.Enter the calculated value in Table 3-8. The Average Noise Level must be less than:

-110 dBm (for the 11970K)

-108 dBm (for the 11970A)

Chapter 3 71

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AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST

-104 dBm (for the 11970Q)

-104 dBm (for the 11970U)

-92 dBm (for the 11970V)

-85 dBm (for the 11970W)

18.Enter the following push button commands on the 8566A/B:

MARKER, OFF REFERENCE LEVEL

, 0, dBm

19.Repeat steps 9 through 17 at the following center fre quencies: 11970K: 22 and 26.5 GHz 11970A: 33 and 40 GHz 11970Q: 41 and 50 GHz 11970U: 50 and 60 GHz 11970V: 62 and 75 GHz 11970W: 92 and 110 GHz

20.Repeat steps 1 through 18 for a power level of 16.0 dBm at the 11970 Mixer LO connector.

Table 3-8 Average Noise Test Record

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL

Model Number______________ Date______________ Serial Number________________ Tested By______________

Center Frequency

Power Meter Reading

Power Meter Correction Factor

Directional Coupler Coupling Factor

Corrected Power REading

Signal Marker Amplitude

Noise Floor Marker Amplitude

Bandwidth Correction Factor

Average Noise Level

UnitsGHzdBmdBdBdBmdBmdBdBdBm Step 10 12 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 LO

Power = 14.5

LO Power = 16.0

Performance Tests

72 Chapter 3

Service

4 Service

Service

Maintenance

Service

Maintenance

The only maintenance required for the 11970 Series Mixers is preventive maintenance. When you are not using your mixer, cover its waveguide input with its waveguide cap. Also, though the 11970 Mixers can abso rb mor e punishment than is normal for such devices, you should avoid subjecting them to unnecessary shock or vibration.

Repairs

The 11970 Mixers are NOT field-repairable. If your mixer fails, DO NOT try to repair it yourself, you will void the warranty. Instead, notify the nearest Agilent office.

Replaceable Parts

For a list of replaceable parts and accessories, see Table 4-2.

Circuit Description

A schematic diagram of a 11970 Series Harmonic Mixer is shown in Figure 4-1. The mixer circuit employs two diodes arranged as an anti-parallel pair. These diodes are the termination for the open end of the w a vegu ide output . By employing a matc hed diod e pair, even harmonic mixing is enhanced while odd harmonic mixing is suppressed.

The waveguide input is exponential ly tapered in both height and width. The height taper provides impedance matching between the high impedance waveguide input and the low, dynamic impedance of the diodes. The width taper creates a high-pass filter response which isolates the LO harmonics from the standard-heig ht waveguide. Without this isolation, the LO harmonics would reflect fr om the stand ard-height waveguide ba ck into the mixer and destructively interfere with the desired mixing product.

LO harmonics are confined to the immediate vicinity of the diode pair by the low-pass filter, which has as its first element a metal -insulator -semiconductor (MIS) capacitor. This improves the out-of-band response . The diplexer separates the 3 - 6 GHz LO signal from the 321.4 MHz IF signal.

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Figure 4-1 11970 Series Mixer Schematic Diagram

Service

Table 4-1

Model

11970K 4.4 11970A 5.0 11970Q 5.0 11970U 6.2 11970V 5.4 11970W 6.2

LPF Fco

(GHz)

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Table 4-2 Accessories and Replaceable Parts

Service

Part Number Description

5061-5460:

5061-5458 8710-0510 8710-1539

3030-0221 Socket Head Cap Screw, 4-40 thread, .375 inches long (flange

1390-0671 Socket Head Cap Screw, captive, 4-40 thread, .290 inches long

11970-40001 11970K Waveguide Cap 11970-40002 11970A Waveguide Cap 11970-40003 Waveguide Cap for 11970Q or 11970U 08486-40103 Waveguide Cap for 11970V or 11970W

Mixer Connector Kit (Option 009), includes the following three items:

Cable, 1 meter long, SMA male connectors (3 required) Wrench, 5/16-inch, open-end Ball Driver, 3/32-inch

connecting screw for 11970K and 11970A)

(flange connecting screw for 11970Q, 11970U, 11970V or 11970W)

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Table 4-3 Agilent Technologies Sale s and Service Offices

UNITED STATES

Instrument Support Center Agilent Technologies (800) 403-0801

EUROPEAN FIELD OPERATIONS

Headquarters Agilent Technologies S.A. 150, Route du Nant-d’Avril 1217 Meyrin 2/ Geneva Switzerland (41 22) 780.8111

Great Britain Agilent Technologies Ltd. Eskdale Road, Winn er sh Triangle Wokingham, Berkshire RG41 5DZ England (44 118) 9696622

France Agilent Technologies France 1 Avenue Du Canada Zone D’Activite De Courtaboeuf F-91947 Les Ulis Cedex France (33 1) 69 82 60 60

Service

Germany Agilent Technologies GmbH Agilent Technologies Strasse 61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H Germany (49 6172) 16-0

Headquarters Agilent Technologies 3495 Deer Creek Rd. Palo Alto, CA 94304-1316 USA (415) 857-5027

Japan Agilent T echno logies Ja pan, Ltd. Measurement Assi st anc e Center 9-1, Takakura-Cho, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo 192-8510, Japan TEL (81) -426-56-7832 FAX (81) -426-56-7840

China China Agilent Technologies 38 Bei San Huan X1 Road Shuang Yu Shu Hai Dian District Beijing, China (86 1) 256-6888

INTERCON FIELD OPERATIONS

Australia Agilent T echnologie s Australia Ltd. 31-41 Joseph St reet Blackburn, Vict ori a 3130 (61 3) 895-2895

Singapore Agilent Technologies Singapore (Pte.) Ltd. 150 Beach Road #29-00 Gateway West Singapore 0718 (65) 291-9088

Canada Agilent Technologies (Canada) Ltd. 17500 South Service Road Trans-Canada Highway Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2X8 Canada (514) 697-4232

Taiwan Agilent Technologies Taiwan 8th Floor, H-P Building 337 Fu Hsing North Road Taipei, Taiwan (886 2) 712-0404

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78 Chapter 4

Agilent Technologies 11970-90031 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

General Information

Introduction

Mixers Covered by Manual

11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

Options

Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements

Specifications

Equipment Supplied

Environmental Limitations

Operation

Introduction

Operating Precautions

Getting Started

Mixer Connections

Using a Conversion-Loss Data Disk with the ESA or PSA Series Analyzers

Loading Data

Viewing Data

Using the Mixers with the E4407B Spectrum Analyzer (Option AYZ)

Set up the equipment

Using the Mixers with the E4440A, E 4446A, or E 4448A P SA Series Spectrum Anal yzer ( Option AYZ)

Set up the equipment

Using the Mixers with the 856X Series Spectrum Analyzers

Set up the equipment

Select the Frequency Band

Save the average conversion-loss value

Signal Identification

Identify signals with the frequency-shift method

Identify signals in wide frequency spans

Using the Mixers with MMS Analyzers

Preliminary Operation

Operation

Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction

Using the Mixers with the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Set up the equipment

Amplitude Calibration

Signal Identification

Performance Tests

Introduction

Test Record

Performance Test Procedures

Description

Conversion Loss and Frequency Response

Specifications

Description

AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL TEST

Specification

Description

Service

Maintenance

Repairs

Replaceable Parts

Circuit Description