ZyXEL Communications P-2602R-DxA, PDT 8000 User Manual

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series

ADSL2+ VoIP IAD

User’s Guide

Version 3.40

6/2006

Edition 1

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the
patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products
described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

Trademarks

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

Copyright 3

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:

Certifications

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver
is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Notice 1

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Certifications

1 Go to www.zyxel.com.

2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that

product's page.

3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

4 Certifications

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Certifications 5

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger
telecommunication line cord.

• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can
service the device. Please contact your vendor for further information.

• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or
power adaptor to the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in
Europe).

• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.

• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.

• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new
power supply.

• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where
anyone can walk on the power cord.

• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There may
be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.

• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be
damaged.

• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of
electric shock from lightning.

• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.

• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.

• Do NOT store things on the device.

• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

• Always disconnect all telephone lines from the wall outlet before servicing or
disassembling this equipment.

Safety Warnings

6 Safety Warnings

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects
in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During
the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure
due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the
defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever
extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating
condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent
product of equal value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not
apply if the product is modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or
subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the
purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the
purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return
Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is
recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of
purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of
ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products
will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty
gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to
country.

ZyXEL Limited Warranty 7

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.

• Product model and serial number.

• Warranty Information.

• Date that you received your device.

• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

Customer Support

METHOD

LOCATION

CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)

CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

HUNGARY

KAZAKHSTAN

NORTH AMERICA

NORWAY

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary

[e-mail] [phone]

http://zyxel.kz/support [phone] www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] 1-800-255-4101

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.us.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

A

WEB SITE

www.europe.zyxel.com

ftp.europe.zyxel.com

www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.

REGULAR MAIL

ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II

Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n

Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika

Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark

Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland

1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France

Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany

48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary

43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan

1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.

Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway

8 Customer Support

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

METHOD

LOCATION

POLAND

RUSSIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

UKRAINE

UNITED KINGDOM

a. “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications

[phone]

http://zyxel.ru/support [phone] www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone]

08707 555779 (UK only)

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.uk

A

WEB SITE

REGULAR MAIL

ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland

Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia

Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain

Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden

13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine

www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK

Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)

Customer Support 9

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

10 Customer Support

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Copyright ..................................................................................................................3

Certifications ............................................................................................................4

Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 6

ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 7

Customer Support.................................................................................................... 8

Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 11

List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 23

List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 29

Preface ....................................................................................................................33

Chapter 1

Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device...................................................................... 35

1.1 Introducing the P-2602RL-DxA Series ...............................................................35

1.2 Features .............................................................................................................36

1.3 Applications for the ZyXEL Device .....................................................................40

1.3.1 Internet Access .........................................................................................40

1.3.1.1 Internet Single User Account ..........................................................40

1.3.2 Making Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider ..............................40

1.3.3 Make Peer-to-peer Calls ...........................................................................41

1.3.4 Firewall for Secure Broadband Internet Access .......................................41

1.3.5 LEDs .........................................................................................................42

Chapter 2

Introducing the Web Configurator........................................................................ 45

2.1 Web Configurator Overview ...............................................................................45

2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ..............................................................45

2.1.2 The RESET Button ...................................................................................47

2.1.2.1 Using The Reset Button ..................................................................47

2.2 Web Configurator Main Screen ..........................................................................48

2.2.1 Title Bar ....................................................................................................48

2.2.2 Navigation Panel .......................................................................................49

2.2.3 Main Window ............................................................................................51

2.2.4 Status Bar .................................................................................................51

Table of Contents 11

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Chapter 3

Internet Setup Wizard ............................................................................................ 53

3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................53

3.2 Internet Access Wizard Setup ............................................................................53

3.2.1 Manual Configuration ................................................................................55

Chapter 4

VoIP Wizard And Example ..................................................................................... 61

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................61

4.2 VoIP Wizard Setup .............................................................................................61

Chapter 5

Bandwidth Management Wizard ........................................................................... 67

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................67

5.2 Predefined Media Bandwidth Management Services ........................................67

5.3 Bandwidth Management Wizard Setup ..............................................................68

Chapter 6

Status Screens ....................................................................................................... 73

6.1 Status Screen .....................................................................................................73

6.2 Any IP Table .......................................................................................................76

6.3 Packet Statistics .................................................................................................77

6.4 VoIP Statistics ....................................................................................................78

Chapter 7

WAN Setup.............................................................................................................. 81

7.1 WAN Overview ..................................................................................................81

7.1.1 Encapsulation ...........................................................................................81

7.1.1.1 ENET ENCAP .................................................................................81

7.1.1.2 PPP over Ethernet ..........................................................................81

7.1.1.3 PPPoA .............................................................................................82

7.1.1.4 RFC 1483 ........................................................................................82

7.1.2 Multiplexing ...............................................................................................82

7.1.2.1 VC-based Multiplexing ....................................................................82

7.1.2.2 LLC-based Multiplexing ...................................................................82

7.1.3 VPI and VCI ..............................................................................................82

7.1.4 IP Address Assignment ............................................................................83

7.1.4.1 IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation .....................83

7.1.4.2 IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation .................................83

7.1.4.3 IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation ..........................83

7.1.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP) ....................................................................83

7.1.6 NAT ...........................................................................................................83

7.2 Metric ................................................................................................................84

12 Table of Contents

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

7.3 Traffic Shaping ...................................................................................................84

7.3.1 ATM Traffic Classes ..................................................................................85

7.3.1.1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR) .................................................................85

7.3.1.2 Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ...................................................................85

7.3.1.3 Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) .............................................................86

7.4 Zero Configuration Internet Access ....................................................................86

7.5 Internet Access Setup .......................................................................................86

7.5.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup...............................................................89

7.6 WAN More Connections .....................................................................................90

7.7 Traffic Redirect ...................................................................................................91

7.8 WAN Backup Setup ............................................................................................93

Chapter 8

LAN Setup............................................................................................................... 95

8.1 LAN Overview ...................................................................................................95

8.1.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device ........................................................95

8.1.2 DHCP Setup .............................................................................................96

8.1.2.1 IP Pool Setup ..................................................................................96

8.1.3 DNS Server Address ................................................................................96

8.1.4 DNS Server Address Assignment .............................................................97

8.2 LAN TCP/IP ........................................................................................................97

8.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask ...................................................................97

8.2.1.1 Private IP Addresses .......................................................................98

8.2.2 RIP Setup .................................................................................................98

8.2.3 Multicast ....................................................................................................99

8.2.4 Any IP .......................................................................................................99

8.2.4.1 How Any IP Works ........................................................................100

8.3 Configuring LAN IP ..........................................................................................101

8.3.1 Configuring Advanced LAN Setup ...........................................................101

8.4 DHCP Setup .....................................................................................................103

8.5 LAN Client List .................................................................................................104

8.6 LAN IP Alias .....................................................................................................106

Chapter 9

Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens.................................................... 109

9.1 NAT Overview .................................................................................................109

9.1.1 NAT Definitions .......................................................................................109

9.1.2 What NAT Does ......................................................................................110

9.1.3 How NAT Works ..................................................................................... 110

9.1.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................... 111

9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types ............................................................................... 111

9.2 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT .......................................................... 112

9.3 NAT General Setup ......................................................................................... 112

Table of Contents 13

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

9.4 Port Forwarding ................................................................................................113

9.4.1 Default Server IP Address ......................................................................114

9.4.2 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ........................................114

9.4.3 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example) ........................ 115

9.5 Configuring Port Forwarding ...........................................................................115

9.5.1 Port Forwarding Rule Edit ....................................................................... 116

9.5.2 SIP ALG .................................................................................................. 117

Chapter 10

Voice ...................................................................................................................... 119

10.1 Introduction to VoIP ........................................................................................119

10.2 SIP ................................................................................................................119

10.2.1 SIP Identities .........................................................................................119

10.2.1.1 SIP Number .................................................................................119

10.2.1.2 SIP Service Domain ....................................................................120

10.2.2 SIP Call Progression .............................................................................120

10.2.3 SIP Servers ...........................................................................................120

10.2.3.1 SIP User Agent ...........................................................................121

10.2.3.2 SIP Proxy Server .........................................................................121

10.2.3.3 SIP Redirect Server ....................................................................122

10.2.3.4 SIP Register Server ....................................................................123

10.2.3.5 Multiple SIP Accounts .................................................................123

10.3 SIP Settings Screen .......................................................................................123

10.3.1 RTP .......................................................................................................125

10.4 Pulse Code Modulation ..................................................................................125

10.5 Voice Coding ..................................................................................................125

10.5.1 G.711 .....................................................................................................125

10.5.2 G.729 ....................................................................................................125

10.6 PSTN Call Setup Signaling ............................................................................126

10.7 MWI (Message Waiting Indication) .................................................................126

10.8 Custom Tones (IVR) .......................................................................................126

10.8.0.1 Recording Custom Tones ............................................................126

10.8.0.2 Listening to Custom Tones ..........................................................127

10.8.0.3 Deleting Custom Tones ...............................................................127

10.9 Advanced SIP Setup Screen ..........................................................................127

10.10 Quality of Service (QoS) ..............................................................................131

10.10.1 Type Of Service (ToS) .........................................................................131

10.10.2 DiffServ ...............................................................................................131

10.10.2.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ....................................................131

10.10.3 VLAN ..................................................................................................132

10.10.4 SIP QoS Screen .................................................................................132

10.11 Phone ...........................................................................................................133

10.11.1 PSTN Line (‘L” Models only) ...............................................................133

14 Table of Contents

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

10.11.2 Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression .....................................133

10.11.3 Comfort Noise Generation ..................................................................133

10.11.4 Echo Cancellation ...............................................................................134

10.12 Analog Phone ...............................................................................................134

10.13 Advanced Analog Phone Setup Screen .......................................................135

10.13.1 Common Phone Settings Screen .......................................................136

10.14 Supplementary Phone Services Overview ...................................................137

10.14.1 The Flash Key .....................................................................................138

10.14.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services ....................................138

10.14.2.1 European Call Hold ...................................................................138

10.14.2.2 European Call Waiting ..............................................................139

10.14.2.3 European Call Transfer .............................................................139

10.14.2.4 European Three-Way Conference ............................................139

10.14.3 USA Type Supplementary Services ....................................................139

10.14.3.1 USA Call Hold ...........................................................................140

10.14.3.2 USA Call Waiting ......................................................................140

10.14.3.3 USA Call Transfer .....................................................................140

10.14.3.4 USA Three-Way Conference .....................................................140

10.15 Phone Region Screen ..................................................................................141

10.16 Speed Dial ....................................................................................................141

10.16.1 Peer-to-Peer Calls ..............................................................................142

10.17 Speed Dial Screen .......................................................................................142

10.18 Incoming Call Policy Screen ........................................................................143

10.19 PSTN Line Screen .......................................................................................145

Chapter 11

Phone Usage ........................................................................................................ 147

11.1 Dialing a Telephone Number ..........................................................................147

11.2 Using Speed Dial to Dial a Telephone Number ..............................................147

11.3 Internal Calls ..................................................................................................147

11.4 Checking the Device’s IP Address .................................................................147

11.5 Auto Firmware Upgrade .................................................................................148

Chapter 12

Firewalls................................................................................................................ 149

12.1 Firewall Overview ..........................................................................................149

12.2 Types of Firewalls ..........................................................................................149

12.2.1 Packet Filtering Firewalls ......................................................................149

12.2.2 Application-level Firewalls ....................................................................150

12.2.3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls ................................................................150

12.3 Introduction to ZyXEL’s Firewall .....................................................................150

12.3.1 Denial of Service Attacks ......................................................................151

12.4 Denial of Service ............................................................................................151

Table of Contents 15

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

12.4.1 Basics ...................................................................................................151

12.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks ...........................................................................152

12.4.2.1 ICMP Vulnerability ......................................................................154

12.4.2.2 Illegal Commands (NetBIOS and SMTP) ....................................154

12.4.2.3 Traceroute ...................................................................................155

12.5 Stateful Inspection ..........................................................................................155

12.5.1 Stateful Inspection Process ..................................................................156

12.5.2 Stateful Inspection on Your ZyXEL Device ...........................................156

12.5.3 TCP Security .........................................................................................157

12.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security ..............................................................................157

12.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols ..........................................................................158

12.6 Guidelines for Enhancing Security with Your Firewall ....................................158

12.6.1 Security In General ...............................................................................158

12.7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall ............................................................................159

12.7.1 Packet Filtering: ....................................................................................159

12.7.1.1 When To Use Filtering .................................................................160

12.7.2 Firewall .................................................................................................160

12.7.2.1 When To Use The Firewall ..........................................................160

Chapter 13

Firewall Configuration ......................................................................................... 161

13.1 Access Methods .............................................................................................161

13.2 Firewall Policies Overview ............................................................................161

13.3 Rule Logic Overview .....................................................................................162

13.3.1 Rule Checklist .......................................................................................162

13.3.2 Security Ramifications ..........................................................................162

13.3.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules .........................................................163

13.3.3.1 Action ..........................................................................................163

13.3.3.2 Service ........................................................................................163

13.3.3.3 Source Address ...........................................................................163

13.3.3.4 Destination Address ....................................................................163

13.4 Connection Direction ......................................................................................163

13.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules ...............................................................................164

13.4.2 Alerts .....................................................................................................164

13.5 General Firewall Policy ...............................................................................164

13.6 Firewall Rules Summary ...............................................................................165

13.6.1 Configuring Firewall Rules ...................................................................167

13.6.2 Customized Services ............................................................................170

13.6.3 Configuring A Customized Service ......................................................171

13.7 Example Firewall Rule ...................................................................................171

13.8 DoS Thresholds ............................................................................................175

13.8.1 Threshold Values ..................................................................................175

13.8.2 Half-Open Sessions ..............................................................................176

16 Table of Contents

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

13.8.2.1 TCP Maximum Incomplete and Blocking Time ...........................176

13.8.3 Configuring Firewall Thresholds ............................................................177

Chapter 14

Content Filtering .................................................................................................. 179

14.1 Content Filtering Overview ............................................................................179

14.2 Configuring Keyword Blocking .....................................................................179

14.3 Configuring the Schedule .............................................................................180

14.4 Configuring Trusted Computers ...................................................................181

Chapter 15

Static Route .......................................................................................................... 183

15.1 Static Route .................................................................................................183

15.2 Configuring Static Route ...............................................................................183

15.2.1 Static Route Edit ..................................................................................185

Chapter 16

Bandwidth Management...................................................................................... 187

16.1 Bandwidth Management Overview ...............................................................187

16.2 Application-based Bandwidth Management ...................................................187

16.3 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management .........................................................187

16.4 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management ...............................188

16.5 Scheduler .......................................................................................................188

16.5.1 Priority-based Scheduler ......................................................................188

16.5.2 Fairness-based Scheduler ....................................................................188

16.6 Maximize Bandwidth Usage ...........................................................................189

16.6.1 Reserving Bandwidth for Non-Bandwidth Class Traffic ........................189

16.6.2 Maximize Bandwidth Usage Example ..................................................189

16.6.2.1 Priority-based Allotment of Unused and Unbudgeted Bandwidth 190

16.6.2.2 Fairness-based Allotment of Unused and Unbudgeted Bandwidth ...
190

16.6.3 Bandwidth Management Priorities ........................................................191

16.7 Configuring Summary ...................................................................................191

16.8 Bandwidth Management Rule Setup ............................................................192

16.8.1 Rule Configuration .................................................................................194

16.9 Bandwidth Monitor .......................................................................................196

Chapter 17

Dynamic DNS Setup............................................................................................. 197

17.1 Dynamic DNS Overview ...............................................................................197

17.1.1 DYNDNS Wildcard ................................................................................197

17.2 Configuring Dynamic DNS ............................................................................197

Table of Contents 17

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Chapter 18

Remote Management Configuration .................................................................. 201

18.1 Remote Management Overview ....................................................................201

18.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .........................................................201

18.1.2 Remote Management and NAT ............................................................202

18.1.3 System Timeout ...................................................................................202

18.2 WWW .............................................................................................................202

18.3 Telnet ..............................................................................................................203

18.4 Configuring Telnet ..........................................................................................203

18.5 Configuring FTP ............................................................................................204

18.6 SNMP .............................................................................................................205

18.6.1 Supported MIBs ....................................................................................207

18.6.2 SNMP Traps .........................................................................................207

18.6.3 Configuring SNMP .................................................................................207

18.7 Configuring DNS ..........................................................................................209

18.8 Configuring ICMP ...........................................................................................209

Chapter 19

Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ......................................................................... 211

19.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play ............................................................. 211

19.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP? ........................................................ 211

19.1.2 NAT Traversal .......................................................................................211

19.1.3 Cautions with UPnP ..............................................................................212

19.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ...........................................................................................212

19.2.1 Configuring UPnP .................................................................................212

19.3 Installing UPnP in Windows Example ............................................................213

19.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ...........................................................216

Chapter 20

System .................................................................................................................. 223

20.1 General Setup and System Name .................................................................223

20.1.1 General Setup .......................................................................................223

20.2 Time Setting ..................................................................................................225

Chapter 21

Logs ...................................................................................................................... 229

21.1 Logs Overview ..............................................................................................229

21.1.1 Alerts and Logs .....................................................................................229

21.2 Viewing the Logs ............................................................................................229

21.3 Configuring Log Settings ...............................................................................230

21.4 SMTP Error Messages ...................................................................................233

21.4.1 Example E-mail Log ..............................................................................233

18 Table of Contents

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Chapter 22

Tools ...................................................................................................................... 235

22.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................235

22.2 Filename Conventions ...................................................................................235

22.3 File Maintenance Over WAN ..........................................................................236

22.4 Firmware Upgrade Screen ...........................................................................236

22.5 Backup and Restore ......................................................................................238

22.5.1 Backup Configuration ..........................................................................239

22.5.2 Restore Configuration ..........................................................................239

22.5.3 Reset to Factory Defaults ....................................................................240

22.6 Restart ............................................................................................................241

22.7 Using FTP or TFTP to Back Up Configuration ...............................................241

22.7.1 Using the FTP Commands to Back Up Configuration ..........................241

22.7.2 FTP Command Configuration Backup Example ..................................242

22.7.3 Configuration Backup Using GUI-based FTP Clients ...........................242

22.7.4 Backup Configuration Using TFTP .......................................................243

22.7.5 TFTP Command Configuration Backup Example .................................243

22.7.6 Configuration Backup Using GUI-based TFTP Clients .........................244

22.8 Using FTP or TFTP to Restore Configuration ..............................................244

22.8.1 Restore Using FTP Session Example ..................................................245

22.9 FTP and TFTP Firmware and Configuration File Uploads .............................245

22.9.1 FTP File Upload Command from the DOS Prompt Example ................245

22.9.2 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload ...................................246

22.9.3 TFTP File Upload ..................................................................................246

22.9.4 TFTP Upload Command Example ........................................................247

Chapter 23

Diagnostic ............................................................................................................249

23.1 General Diagnostic ........................................................................................249

23.2 DSL Line Diagnostic .....................................................................................249

Chapter 24

Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 253

24.1 Problems Starting Up the ZyXEL Device .......................................................253

24.2 Problems with the LAN ...................................................................................253

24.3 Problems with the WAN .................................................................................254

24.4 Problems Accessing the ZyXEL Device .........................................................255

24.4.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................255

24.4.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................256

24.4.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................259

24.4.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................261

24.5 Telephone Problems ......................................................................................263

24.6 Problems With Multiple SIP Accounts ............................................................264

Table of Contents 19

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

24.6.1 Outgoing Calls ......................................................................................264

24.6.2 Incoming Calls ......................................................................................265

Appendix A

Product Specifications ....................................................................................... 267

Appendix B

Splitters and Microfilters ..................................................................................... 271

Connecting a POTS Splitter ................................................................................... 271

Telephone Microfilters ............................................................................................ 271

Appendix C

Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address............................................................ 273

Windows 95/98/Me................................................................................................. 273

Configuring ...................................................................................................... 275

Verifying Settings............................................................................................. 276

Windows 2000/NT/XP ............................................................................................ 276

Verifying Settings............................................................................................. 280

Macintosh OS 8/9................................................................................................... 281

Verifying Settings............................................................................................. 282

Macintosh OS X ..................................................................................................... 282

Verifying Settings............................................................................................. 284

Appendix D

IP Subnetting ........................................................................................................ 285

IP Addressing......................................................................................................... 285

IP Classes .............................................................................................................. 285

Subnet Masks ........................................................................................................ 286

Subnetting .............................................................................................................. 286

Example: Two Subnets .......................................................................................... 287

Example: Four Subnets.......................................................................................... 289

Example Eight Subnets.......................................................................................... 290

Subnetting With Class A and Class B Networks. ................................................... 291

Appendix E

Services ................................................................................................................ 293

Appendix F

Firewall Commands ............................................................................................. 297

Sys Firewall Commands ........................................................................................ 297

Appendix G

Triangle Route ...................................................................................................... 299

20 Table of Contents

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The Ideal Setup...................................................................................................... 299

The “Triangle Route” Problem................................................................................ 299

The “Triangle Route” Solutions .............................................................................. 300

IP Aliasing .............................................................................................................. 300

Gateways on the WAN Side................................................................................... 301

Appendix H

Log Descriptions.................................................................................................. 303

Log Commands...................................................................................................... 312

Configuring What You Want the ZyXEL Device to Log.................................... 312

Displaying Logs ............................................................................................... 313

Log Command Example......................................................................................... 314

Appendix I

Command Interpreter........................................................................................... 315

Command Syntax................................................................................................... 315

Command Usage ................................................................................................... 315

Appendix J

Internal SPTGEN .................................................................................................. 317

Internal SPTGEN Overview ................................................................................... 317

The Configuration Text File Format ........................................................................ 317

Internal SPTGEN File Modification - Important Points to Remember.............. 317

Internal SPTGEN FTP Download Example............................................................ 318

Internal SPTGEN FTP Upload Example ................................................................ 319

Command Examples.............................................................................................. 340

Index...................................................................................................................... 343

Table of Contents 21

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

22 Table of Contents

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1 Internet Access Application ...................................................................... 40

Figure 2 Internet Telephony Service Provider Application ..................................... 41

Figure 3 Peer-to-peer Calling ................................................................................. 41

Figure 4 Firewall Application .................................................................................. 42

Figure 5 LEDs ........................................................................................................ 42

Figure 6 Password Screen ..................................................................................... 46

Figure 7 Change Password Screen ....................................................................... 46

Figure 8 Wizard or Advanced Screen ................................................................... 47

Figure 9 Main Screen ............................................................................................. 48

Figure 10 Select a Mode ........................................................................................ 53

Figure 11 Wizard Welcome .................................................................................... 54

Figure 12 Auto Detection: No DSL Connection ...................................................... 54

Figure 13 Auto-Detection: PPPoE .......................................................................... 55

Figure 14 Auto Detection: Failed ............................................................................ 55

Figure 15 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters .................................... 56

Figure 16 Internet Connection with PPPoE ............................................................ 57

Figure 17 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 ...................................................... 58

Figure 18 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP ................................................ 58

Figure 19 Internet Connection with PPPoA ............................................................ 59

Figure 20 Connection Test Failed-2. ...................................................................... 60

Figure 21 VoIP Phone Calls ................................................................................... 61

Figure 22 Select a Mode ........................................................................................ 62

Figure 23 Wizard: Welcome ................................................................................... 62

Figure 24 VoIP Wizard Configuration ..................................................................... 63

Figure 25 SIP Registration Test ............................................................................. 64

Figure 26 VoIP Wizard Fail .................................................................................... 65

Figure 27 VoIP Wizard Finish ................................................................................ 65

Figure 28 Select a Mode ........................................................................................ 69

Figure 29 Wizard: Welcome ................................................................................... 69

Figure 30 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information .......................... 69

Figure 31 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Service Configuration ........................ 70

Figure 32 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Complete ........................................... 71

Figure 33 Status Screen ......................................................................................... 73

Figure 34 Any IP Table ........................................................................................... 76

Figure 35 Packet Statistics ..................................................................................... 77

Figure 36 VoIP Statistics ........................................................................................ 79

Figure 37 Example of Traffic Shaping .................................................................... 85

Figure 38 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE) ............................................................. 87

List of Figures 23

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 39 Advanced Internet Access Setup ........................................................... 89

Figure 40 WAN More Connections ......................................................................... 91

Figure 41 Traffic Redirect Example ........................................................................ 92

Figure 42 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup .................................................................... 93

Figure 43 LAN and WAN IP Addresses ................................................................. 95

Figure 44 Any IP Example ..................................................................................... 100

Figure 45 LAN IP .................................................................................................... 101

Figure 46 Advanced LAN Setup ............................................................................. 102

Figure 47 DHCP Setup .......................................................................................... 103

Figure 48 LAN Client List ....................................................................................... 105

Figure 49 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks ................................. 106

Figure 50 LAN IP Alias ........................................................................................... 106

Figure 51 How NAT Works ..................................................................................... 110

Figure 52 NAT Application With IP Alias ................................................................ 111

Figure 53 NAT General .......................................................................................... 113

Figure 54 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example .................................................. 115

Figure 55 Port Forwarding ..................................................................................... 115

Figure 56 Port Forwarding Rule Setup ................................................................. 116

Figure 57 Network > NAT > ALG ........................................................................... 118

Figure 58 SIP User Agent ...................................................................................... 121

Figure 59 SIP Proxy Server ................................................................................... 122

Figure 60 SIP Redirect Server ............................................................................... 123

Figure 61 SIP > SIP Settings ................................................................................. 124

Figure 62 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced ........................................................... 128

Figure 63 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field ..................................................... 132

Figure 64 SIP > QoS .............................................................................................. 132

Figure 65 Phone > Analog Phone .......................................................................... 134

Figure 66 Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced ...................................................... 135

Figure 67 Phone > Common .................................................................................. 137

Figure 68 VoIP > Phone > Region ......................................................................... 141

Figure 69 Phone Book > Speed Dial ...................................................................... 142

Figure 70 Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy ....................................................... 144

Figure 71 PSTN Line > General ............................................................................. 146

Figure 72 Firewall Application ................................................................................ 151

Figure 73 Three-Way Handshake .......................................................................... 152

Figure 74 SYN Flood .............................................................................................. 153

Figure 75 Smurf Attack .......................................................................................... 154

Figure 76 Stateful Inspection .................................................................................. 155

Figure 77 Firewall: General .................................................................................... 164

Figure 78 Firewall Rules ....................................................................................... 166

Figure 79 Firewall: Edit Rule .................................................................................. 168

Figure 80 Firewall: Customized Services ............................................................... 170

Figure 81 Firewall: Configure Customized Services .............................................. 171

24 List of Figures

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 82 Firewall Example: Rules ........................................................................ 172

Figure 83 Edit Custom Port Example ..................................................................... 172

Figure 84 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Destination Address ................................ 173

Figure 85 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Select Customized Services .................... 174

Figure 86 Firewall Example: Rules: MyService ..................................................... 175

Figure 87 Firewall: Threshold ................................................................................. 177

Figure 88 Content Filter: Keyword ......................................................................... 179

Figure 89 Content Filter: Schedule ........................................................................ 180

Figure 90 Content Filter: Trusted ........................................................................... 181

Figure 91 Example of Static Routing Topology ...................................................... 183

Figure 92 Static Route ............................................................................................ 184

Figure 93 Static Route Edit .................................................................................... 185

Figure 94 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example .................................. 188

Figure 95 Bandwidth Management: Summary ....................................................... 191

Figure 96 Bandwidth Management: Rule Setup .................................................... 193

Figure 97 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration ......................................... 194

Figure 98 Bandwidth Management: Monitor ......................................................... 196

Figure 99 Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................ 198

Figure 100 Remote Management: WWW .............................................................. 202

Figure 101 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network .......................................... 203

Figure 102 Remote Management: Telnet ............................................................... 204

Figure 103 Remote Management: FTP .................................................................. 205

Figure 104 SNMP Management Model .................................................................. 206

Figure 105 Remote Management: SNMP .............................................................. 208

Figure 106 Remote Management: DNS ................................................................. 209

Figure 107 Remote Management: ICMP ............................................................... 210

Figure 108 Configuring UPnP ................................................................................ 212

Figure 109 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication .................. 214

Figure 110 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components

214

Figure 111 Network Connections ........................................................................... 215

Figure 112 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard ............................ 215

Figure 113 Networking Services ............................................................................ 216

Figure 114 Network Connections ........................................................................... 217

Figure 115 Internet Connection Properties ........................................................... 218

Figure 116 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ............................ 219

Figure 117 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add .................... 219

Figure 118 System Tray Icon ................................................................................. 220

Figure 119 Internet Connection Status ................................................................... 220

Figure 120 Network Connections ........................................................................... 221

Figure 121 Network Connections: My Network Places .......................................... 222

Figure 122 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ........ 222

Figure 123 System General Setup ......................................................................... 224

List of Figures 25

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 124 System Time Setting ............................................................................ 225

Figure 125 View Log .............................................................................................. 230

Figure 126 Log Settings ......................................................................................... 231

Figure 127 E-mail Log Example ............................................................................. 234

Figure 128 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................... 237

Figure 129 Firmware Upload In Progress .............................................................. 237

Figure 130 Network Temporarily Disconnected ..................................................... 238

Figure 131 Error Message ..................................................................................... 238

Figure 132 Configuration ........................................................................................ 239

Figure 133 Configuration Upload Successful ......................................................... 240

Figure 134 Network Temporarily Disconnected ..................................................... 240

Figure 135 Reset Warning Message ...................................................................... 240

Figure 136 Reset In Process Message .................................................................. 241

Figure 137 Restart Screen ..................................................................................... 241

Figure 138 FTP Session Example ......................................................................... 242

Figure 139 Restore Using FTP Session Example .................................................. 245

Figure 140 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload .................................. 246

Figure 141 Diagnostic: General ............................................................................. 249

Figure 142 Diagnostic: DSL Line ........................................................................... 250

Figure 143 Pop-up Blocker .................................................................................... 256

Figure 144 Internet Options .................................................................................. 257

Figure 145 Internet Options ................................................................................... 258

Figure 146 Pop-up Blocker Settings ...................................................................... 259

Figure 147 Internet Options ................................................................................... 260

Figure 148 Security Settings - Java Scripting ........................................................ 261

Figure 149 Security Settings - Java ....................................................................... 262

Figure 150 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 263

Figure 151 Outgoing Calls: Both Phone Ports - SIP1 ........................................... 264

Figure 152 Outgoing Calls: Individual SIP Accounts .............................................. 265

Figure 153 Incoming Calls: Both SIP Accounts .................................................... 265

Figure 154 Incoming Calls: Individual SIP Accounts .............................................. 266

Figure 155 Connecting a POTS Splitter ................................................................. 271

Figure 156 Connecting a Microfilter ....................................................................... 272

Figure 157 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration ........................................ 274

Figure 158 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address ............................ 275

Figure 159 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration ............... 276

Figure 160 Windows XP: Start Menu ..................................................................... 277

Figure 161 Windows XP: Control Panel ................................................................. 277

Figure 162 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties .......... 278

Figure 163 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ................................. 278

Figure 164 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings ............................................ 279

Figure 165 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties ............................ 280

Figure 166 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu ........................................................... 281

26 List of Figures

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 167 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP ................................................................... 282

Figure 168 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu .............................................................. 283

Figure 169 Macintosh OS X: Network .................................................................... 283

Figure 170 Ideal Setup ........................................................................................... 299

Figure 171 “Triangle Route” Problem ..................................................................... 300

Figure 172 IP Alias ................................................................................................. 300

Figure 173 Gateways on the WAN Side ................................................................. 301

Figure 174 Displaying Log Categories Example .................................................... 312

Figure 175 Displaying Log Parameters Example ................................................... 313

Figure 176 Log Command Example ...................................................................... 314

Figure 177 Configuration Text File Format: Column Descriptions .......................... 317

Figure 178 Invalid Parameter Entered: Command Line Example .......................... 318

Figure 179 Valid Parameter Entered: Command Line Example ............................. 318

Figure 180 Internal SPTGEN FTP Download Example ........................................ 319

Figure 181 Internal SPTGEN FTP Upload Example .............................................. 319

List of Figures 27

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

28 List of Figures

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1 Models Covered ....................................................................................... 35

Table 2 ADSL Standards ....................................................................................... 36

Table 3 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 43

Table 4 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar .................................................... 49

Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary ...................................................................... 49

Table 6 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters ....................................... 56

Table 7 Internet Connection with PPPoE ............................................................. 57

Table 8 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 ......................................................... 58

Table 9 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP ................................................... 59

Table 10 Internet Connection with PPPoA ............................................................ 59

Table 11 Sample SIP Account Information ............................................................ 63

Table 12 VoIP Wizard Configuration ..................................................................... 63

Table 13 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services .................................... 67

Table 14 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information ........................... 70

Table 15 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Service Configuration ........................ 70

Table 16 Status Screen ......................................................................................... 74

Table 17 Any IP Table ........................................................................................... 76

Table 18 Packet Statistics ..................................................................................... 77

Table 19 VoIP Statistics ......................................................................................... 79

Table 20 Internet Access Setup ............................................................................ 87

Table 21 Advanced Internet Access Setup ........................................................... 89

Table 22 Advanced Internet Access Setup ........................................................... 91

Table 23 WAN Backup Setup ................................................................................ 94

Table 24 LAN IP .................................................................................................... 101

Table 25 Advanced LAN Setup ............................................................................. 102

Table 26 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................... 103

Table 27 LAN Client List ........................................................................................ 105

Table 28 LAN IP Alias ........................................................................................... 107

Table 29 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................... 109

Table 30 NAT Mapping Types ............................................................................... 112

Table 31 NAT General ........................................................................................... 113

Table 32 Services and Port Numbers .................................................................... 114

Table 33 Port Forwarding ...................................................................................... 116

Table 34 Port Forwarding Rule Setup ................................................................... 117

Table 35 Network > NAT > ALG ............................................................................ 118

Table 36 SIP Call Progression .............................................................................. 120

Table 37 SIP > SIP Settings .................................................................................. 124

Table 38 Custom Tones Details ............................................................................. 126

List of Tables 29

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 39 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced ............................................................ 129

Table 40 SIP > QoS ............................................................................................... 132

Table 41 Phone > Analog Phone ........................................................................... 134

Table 42 Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced ...................................................... 135

Table 43 Phone > Common ................................................................................... 137

Table 44 European Flash Key Commands ............................................................ 138

Table 45 USA Flash Key Commands .................................................................... 140

Table 46 VoIP > Phone > Region .......................................................................... 141

Table 47 Phone Book > Speed Dial ...................................................................... 142

Table 48 Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy ........................................................ 144

Table 49 PSTN Line > General ............................................................................. 146

Table 50 Common IP Ports ................................................................................... 152

Table 51 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts ..................................................... 154

Table 52 Legal NetBIOS Commands .................................................................... 154

Table 53 Legal SMTP Commands ....................................................................... 154

Table 54 Firewall: General .................................................................................... 165

Table 55 Firewall Rules ......................................................................................... 166

Table 56 Firewall: Edit Rule ................................................................................... 169

Table 57 Customized Services .............................................................................. 170

Table 58 Firewall: Configure Customized Services ............................................... 171

Table 59 Firewall: Threshold ................................................................................. 177

Table 60 Content Filter: Keyword .......................................................................... 180

Table 61 Content Filter: Schedule ......................................................................... 181

Table 62 Content Filter: Trusted ............................................................................ 181

Table 63 Static Route ............................................................................................ 184

Table 64 Static Route Edit ..................................................................................... 185

Table 65 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ......... 188

Table 66 Maximize Bandwidth Usage Example .................................................... 189

Table 67 Priority-based Allotment of Unused and Unbudgeted Bandwidth Example

Table 68 Fairness-based Allotment of Unused and Unbudgeted Bandwidth Example

Table 69 Bandwidth Management Priorities .......................................................... 191

Table 70 Media Bandwidth Management: Summary ............................................. 192

Table 71 Bandwidth Management: Rule Setup ..................................................... 193

Table 72 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration .......................................... 194

Table 73 Dynamic DNS ......................................................................................... 198

Table 74 Remote Management: WWW ................................................................. 203

Table 75 Remote Management: Telnet ................................................................. 204

Table 76 Remote Management: FTP .................................................................... 205

Table 77 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................... 207

Table 78 Remote Management: SNMP ................................................................. 208

Table 79 Remote Management: DNS ................................................................... 209

190

190

30 List of Tables

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 80 Remote Management: ICMP .................................................................. 210

Table 81 Configuring UPnP ................................................................................... 213

Table 82 System General Setup ........................................................................... 224

Table 83 System Time Setting ............................................................................... 225

Table 84 View Log ................................................................................................. 230

Table 85 Log Settings ............................................................................................ 231

Table 86 SMTP Error Messages ........................................................................... 233

Table 87 Filename Conventions ............................................................................ 236

Table 88 Firmware Upgrade .................................................................................. 237

Table 89 Restore Configuration ............................................................................. 239

Table 90 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................... 242

Table 91 General Commands for GUI-based TFTP Clients .................................. 244

Table 92 Diagnostic: General ................................................................................ 249

Table 93 Diagnostic: DSL Line .............................................................................. 250

Table 94 Troubleshooting Starting Up Your Device ............................................... 253

Table 95 Troubleshooting the LAN ........................................................................ 253

Table 96 Troubleshooting the WAN ....................................................................... 254

Table 97 Troubleshooting Accessing Your Device ................................................ 255

Table 98 Troubleshooting Telephone .................................................................... 263

Table 99 Device Specifications .............................................................................. 267

Table 100 Firmware Specifications ........................................................................ 268

Table 101 ZyXEL Device Power Adaptor Specifications ....................................... 269

Table 102 Classes of IP Addresses ...................................................................... 285

Table 103 Allowed IP Address Range By Class .................................................... 286

Table 104 “Natural” Masks ................................................................................... 286

Table 105 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ........................................................ 287

Table 106 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................... 287

Table 107 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................... 288

Table 108 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................... 288

Table 109 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................... 289

Table 110 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................... 289

Table 111 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................ 289

Table 112 Subnet 4 ............................................................................................... 290

Table 113 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................ 290

Table 114 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 290

Table 115 Class B Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 291

Table 116 Examples of Services ........................................................................... 293

Table 117 Sys Firewall Commands ....................................................................... 297

Table 118 System Maintenance Logs ................................................................... 303

Table 119 System Error Logs ................................................................................ 304

Table 120 Access Control Logs ............................................................................. 304

Table 121 TCP Reset Logs ................................................................................... 305

Table 122 Packet Filter Logs ................................................................................. 305

List of Tables 31

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 123 ICMP Logs ............................................................................................ 305

Table 124 CDR Logs ............................................................................................. 306

Table 125 PPP Logs .............................................................................................. 306

Table 126 UPnP Logs ........................................................................................... 307

Table 127 Content Filtering Logs .......................................................................... 307

Table 128 Attack Logs ........................................................................................... 307

Table 129 802.1X Logs ......................................................................................... 308

Table 130 ACL Setting Notes ................................................................................ 309

Table 131 ICMP Notes .......................................................................................... 309

Table 132 Syslog Logs .......................................................................................... 310

Table 133 SIP Logs ............................................................................................... 310

Table 134 RTP Logs .............................................................................................. 311

Table 135 FSM Logs: Caller Side .......................................................................... 311

Table 136 FSM Logs: Callee Side ......................................................................... 311

Table 137 Lifeline Logs ......................................................................................... 311

Table 138 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types ...................................................... 312

Table 139 Abbreviations Used in the Example Internal SPTGEN Screens Table . 319

Table 140 Menu 1 General Setup ......................................................................... 320

Table 141 Menu 3 .................................................................................................. 320

Table 142 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ............................................................. 323

Table 143 Menu 12 ................................................................................................ 325

Table 144 Menu 15 SUA Server Setup ................................................................. 329

Table 145 Menu 21.1 Filter Set #1 ........................................................................ 331

Table 146 Menu 21.1 Filer Set #2, ........................................................................ 334

Table 147 Menu 23 System Menus ....................................................................... 339

Table 148 Menu 24.11 Remote Management Control ........................................... 340

Table 149 Command Examples ............................................................................ 340

32 List of Tables

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the P-2602R/RL-DxA ADSL2+ VoIP IAD.

Your ZyXEL Device is easy to install and configure.

About This User's Guide

This manual is designed to guide you through the configuration of your ZyXEL Device for its various
applications.

Note: Use the web configurator or command interpreter interface to configure your ZyXEL

Device. Not all features can be configured through all management interfaces.

Related Documentation

• Supporting Disk

Refer to the included CD for support documents.

• Quick Start Guide

The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains connection
information and instructions on getting started.

• Web Configurator Online Help

Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information.

• ZyXEL Web Site

Please go to http://www.zyxel.com for product news, firmware, updated documents, and other
support materials.

User Guide Feedback

Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to
[e-mail] or send regular mail to The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications
Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.

Syntax Conventions

• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for you to use one
predefined choices.

• Screen titles and labels are in Bold Times New Roman font. Predefined field choices are in Bold
Arial font. Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets. [ENTER] means the Enter, or
carriage return key; [ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.

• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a right angle bracket ( > ). For example, “In Windows,
click Start > Settings > Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point your mouse
pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.

• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.

Preface 33

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

• The P-2602R/RL-DxA may be referred to as the ZyXEL Device in this user’s guide.

Graphics Icons Key

ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computer

Server Switch Router

Telephone DSLAM Trunking gateway

Firewall Wireless signal

34 Preface

CHAPTER 1

Getting To Know the ZyXEL

This chapter describes the key features and applications of your device.

1.1 Introducing the P-2602RL-DxA Series

The P-2602R/RL-DxA series are Integrated Access Devices (IADs) that combine an ADSL2+
router with Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities to allow you to use a traditional
analog telephone to make Internet calls. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with
ease of installation and high-speed, shared Internet access. The P-2602R/RL-DxA series is
also a complete security solution with a robust firewall and content filtering.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Device

At the time of writing, this guide covers the following models.

Table 1 Models Covered

P-2602R-D1A P-2602R-D3A P-2602R-D7A

P-2602RL-D1A P-2602RL-D3A P-2602RL-D7A

Not all models include all features. Please refer to the following description of the product
name format.

• “R” denotes an integrated router. The “R” models also include Virtual Private Network
(VPN) capability.

• “L” denotes the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) line feature. The PSTN
line lets you have VoIP phone service and PSTN phone service at the same time.

Note: When the ZyXEL Device does not have power, only the phone connected to

the PHONE 2 port can be used for making calls. Ensure you know which phone
this is, so that in case of emergency you can make outgoing calls.

Models with “3” as the next to the last character (like the P-2602RL-D3A) denote a device that
works over ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Models with “1” or “7” as the next to
the last character (like the P-2602RL-D1A or the P-2602RL-D7A) denote a device that works
over T-ISDN (UR-2).

Note: Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on

the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.

Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device 35

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The web browser-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides easy management.

1.2 Features

The following sections introduce your device’s key features.

Ethernet Port

The 10/100 Mbps auto-negotiating Ethernet port allows the device to detect the speed of
incoming transmissions and adjust appropriately without manual intervention. It allows data
transfer of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode depending
on your Ethernet network. The port is auto-crossover (MDI/MDI-X) meaning it automatically
adjusts to either a crossover or straight-through Ethernet cable.

High Speed Internet Access

The ZyXEL Device is ideal for high-speed Internet browsing and making LAN-to-LAN
connections to remote networks. The ZyXEL Device is an ADSL router compatible with the
ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+ standards. Maximum data rates attainable by the ZyXEL Device for
each standard are shown in the next table.

Table 2 ADSL Standards

STANDARD UPSTREAM DATA RATE DOWNSTREAM DATA RATE

ADSL

ADSL2

ADSL2+

832 kbps 8 Mbps

1 Mbps 12 Mbps

1 Mbps 24 Mbps

Note: The standard your ISP uses determines the maximum upstream and

downstream speeds attainable. Actual speeds attained also depend on the
distance from your ISP, line quality, your subscribed level of service and other
factors.

PSTN Line (“L” Models only)

You can connect a PSTN line to your device. You can receive incoming PSTN phone calls
even while someone else is making VoIP phone calls. You can dial a (prefix) number to make
an outgoing PSTN call. You can still make PSTN phone calls if your device loses power.

Note: When the ZyXEL Device does not have power, only the phone connected to

the PHONE 2 port can be used for making calls. Ensure you know which phone
this is, so that in case of emergency you can make outgoing calls.

36 Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Zero Configuration Internet Access

Once you connect and turn on the device, it automatically detects the Internet connection
settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method) from the ISP and makes
the necessary configuration changes. In cases where additional account information (such as
an Internet account user name and password) is required or the ZyXEL Device cannot connect
to the ISP, you will be redirected to web screen(s) for information input or troubleshooting.

Auto Provisioning

Your VoIP service provider can automatically update your device’s configuration via an auto­provisioning server.

Auto Firmware Upgrade

Your device gives you the option to upgrade to a newer firmware version if it finds one during
auto-provisioning. Your VoIP service provider must have an auto-provisioning server and a
server set up with firmware in order for this feature to work.

Firewall

Your device has a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) protection. By
default, when the firewall is activated, all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN is
blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN. The firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection, DoS
detection and prevention, real time alerts, reports and logs.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address
used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a
different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on
the Internet).

Content Filtering

Content filtering allows you to block access to Internet web sites that contain key words (that
you specify) in the URL. You can also schedule when to perform the filtering and give trusted
LAN IP addresses unfiltered Internet access.

Media Bandwidth Management

Media Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth classes based on an
application and/or subnet. You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity
(bandwidth budgets) to different bandwidth classes.

Dynamic Jitter Buffer

The built-in adaptive buffer helps to smooth out the variations in delay (jitter) for voice traffic.
This helps ensure good voice quality for your conversations.

Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device 37

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Multiple SIP Accounts

You can simultaneously use multiple voice (SIP) accounts and assign them to one or both
telephone ports.

Multiple Voice Channels

Your device can simultaneously handle multiple voice channels (telephone calls).
Additionally you can answer an incoming phone call on a VoIP account, even while someone
else is using the account for a phone call.

Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression

Voice Activity Detection (VAD) reduces the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting
when you are not speaking.

Comfort Noise Generation

Your device generates background noise to fill moments of silence when the other device in a
call stops transmitting because the other party is not speaking (as total silence could easily be
mistaken for a lost connection).

Echo Cancellation

You device supports G.168, an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound
of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.

QoS (Quality of Service)

Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms help to provide better service on a per-flow basis. Your
device supports Type of Service (ToS) tagging and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) tagging.
This allows the device to tag voice frames so they can be prioritized over the network.

SIP ALG

Your device is a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). It allows VoIP calls to pass through
NAT for devices behind it (such as a SIP-based VoIP software application on a computer).

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

Your device and other UPnP enabled devices can use the standard TCP/IP protocol to
dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address and convey their capabilities to each other.

PPPoE Support (RFC2516)

PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) emulates a dial-up connection. It allows your
ISP to use their existing network configuration with newer broadband technologies such as
ADSL. The PPPoE driver on your device is transparent to the computers on the LAN, which
see only Ethernet and are not aware of PPPoE thus saving you from having to manage PPPoE
clients on individual computers.

38 Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Other PPPoE Features

• PPPoE idle time out

• PPPoE dial on demand

Dynamic DNS Support

With Dynamic DNS support, you can have a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address,
allowing the host to be more easily accessible from various locations on the Internet. You must
register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.

DHCP

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows the individual clients (computers) to
obtain the TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a centralized DHCP server. Your device has
built-in DHCP server capability enabled by default. It can assign IP addresses, an IP default
gateway and DNS servers to DHCP clients. Your device can also act as a surrogate DHCP
server (DHCP Relay) where it relays IP address assignment from the actual real DHCP server
to the clients.

Multiple PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuits) Support

Your device supports up to 8 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC’s).

IP Alias

IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. Your device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical
Ethernet interface with the your device itself as the gateway for each LAN network.

IP Policy Routing (IPPR)

Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the router takes the shortest
path to forward a packet. IP Policy Routing (IPPR) provides a mechanism to override the
default routing behavior and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the
network administrator.

Packet Filters

Your device’s packet filtering function allows added network security and management.

Ease of Installation

Your device is designed for quick, intuitive and easy installation.

Housing

Your device's compact and ventilated housing minimizes space requirements, making it easy
to position anywhere in your busy office.

Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device 39

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

1.3 Applications for the ZyXEL Device

Here are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited.

1.3.1 Internet Access

Your device is the ideal high-speed Internet access solution. It supports the TCP/IP protocol,
which the Internet uses exclusively. It is compatible with all major ADSL DSLAM (Digital
Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) providers. A DSLAM is a rack of ADSL line cards with
data multiplexed into a backbone network interface/connection (for example, T1, OC3, DS3,
ATM or Frame Relay). Think of it as the equivalent of a modem rack for ADSL. In addition,
your device allows wireless clients access to your network resources and the Internet. A
typical Internet access application is shown below.

Figure 1 Internet Access Application

1.3.1.1 Internet Single User Account

For a SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) environment, your device offers the Single User
Account (SUA) feature that allows multiple users on the LAN (Local Area Network) to access
the Internet concurrently for the cost of a single IP address

1.3.2 Making Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider

In a home or small office environment, you can use your device to make and receive VoIP
telephone calls through an Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP).

The following figure shows a basic example of how you would make a VoIP call through an
ITSP. You use your analog phone (A in the figure) and your device (B) changes the call into
VoIP. Your device then sends your call to the Internet and the ITSP’s SIP server. The VoIP
call server forwards calls to PSTN phones (E) through a trunking gateway (D) to the PSTN
network. The VoIP call server forwards calls to IP phones (F) through the Internet.

40 Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device

Figure 2 Internet Telephony Service Provider Application

1.3.3 Make Peer-to-peer Calls

You can call directly to someone’s IP address without using a SIP proxy server. Peer-to-peer
calls are also called “Point to Point” or “IP-to-IP” calls. You must know the peer’s IP address
in order to do this.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The following figure shows a basic example of how you would make a peer-to-peer VoIP call.
You use your analog phone (A in the figure) and your device (B) changes the call into VoIP.
and sends the call through the Internet to the peer VoIP device (C).

Figure 3 Peer-to-peer Calling

1.3.4 Firewall for Secure Broadband Internet Access

Your device provides protection from attacks by Internet hackers. By default, the firewall
blocks all incoming traffic from the WAN. The firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection and
DoS (Denial of Services) detection and prevention, as well as real time alerts, reports and logs.

Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device 41

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 4 Firewall Application

1.3.5 LEDs

The LED display can help you determine the status of your ZyXEL Device. Look on either
side of your ZyXEL Device to see the LEDs.

Figure 5 LEDs

42 Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device

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The following table describes your device’s LEDs.

Table 3 LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

POWER Green On Your device is receiving power and functioning properly.

Blinking Your device is rebooting and performing a self-test.

Red On Your device is not receiving enough power.

None Off Your device is not ready or has malfunctioned.

ETHERNET Green On Your device has a successful Ethernet connection.

Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data.

None Off The LAN is not connected.

DSL Green On Your device has a physical connection with the ISP.

Blinking Your device is initializing the DSL line.

None Off The DSL link is down.

INTERNET Green On Your device has an IP connection but no traffic.

Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned
by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully
completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up.

Blinking Your device is sending or receiving IP traffic.

Red On Your device attempted to make an IP connection but failed.

None Off Your device does not have an IP connection

PHONE 1, 2 Green On A SIP account is registered for the phone port.

Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off

Orange On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a

Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off

None Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.

Possible causes are no response from a DHCP server, no
PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed).

of the hook or there is an incoming call.

voice message in the corresponding SIP account.

of the hook or there is voice message in the corresponding
SIP account.

Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections.

Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device 43

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

44 Chapter 1 Getting To Know the ZyXEL Device

Introducing the Web

This chapter describes how to access and navigate the web configurator.

2.1 Web Configurator Overview

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 2

Configurator

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.

• JavaScripts (enabled by default).

• Java permissions (enabled by default).

See Chapter 24 on page 253 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet
Explorer.

2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator

1 Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start

Guide).

2 Launch your web browser.

3 Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.

4 A password screen displays. The default password (“1234”) displays in non-readable

characters. If you haven’t changed the password yet, you can just click Login. Click
Cancel to revert to the default password in the password field. If you have changed the
password, enter your password and click Login.

Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 45

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 6 Password Screen

5 The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is highly

recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to
confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Ignore to proceed to the main menu if you
do not want to change the password now.

Figure 7 Change Password Screen

6 A screen displays to let you choose whether to go to the wizard or the advanced screens.

• Click Go to Wizard setup if you are logging in for the first time or if you want to make
basic changes. The wizard selection screen appears after you click Apply. See Chapter 3

on page 53 for more information.

• Click Go to Advanced setup if you want to configure features that are not available in
the wizards. Select the check box if you always want to go directly to the advanced
screens. The main screen appears after you click Apply. See Section 2.2 on page 48 for
more information.

• Click Exit if you want to log out.

46 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator

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Note: For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if you do not

use the web configurator for five minutes. If this happens, log in again.

Figure 8 Wizard or Advanced Screen

2.1.2 The RESET Button

If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the
RESET button to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose
all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.

2.1.2.1 Using The Reset Button

1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).

2 Do one of the following.

To restart the device, press the RESET button for one second and release it.

To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten
seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the
POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.

Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 47

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

2.2 Web Configurator Main Screen

Figure 9 Main Screen

A

B

As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:

• A - title bar

• B - navigation panel

• C - main window

• D - status bar

2.2.1 Title Bar

The title bar allows you to change the language and provides some icons in the upper right
corner.

C

D

48 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The icons provide the following functions.

Table 4 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar

ICON DESCRIPTION

Wizards: Click this icon to go to the configuration wizards. See Chapter 3 on page

53 for more information.

Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.

2.2.2 Navigation Panel

Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL Device
features. The following tables describe each menu item.

Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary

LINK TAB FUNCTION

Status This screen contains administrative and system-related information.

Network

WAN Internet Access

Setup

More
Connections

WAN Backup
Setup

LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, enable Any IP and other

DHCP Setup Use this screen to configure LAN DHCP settings.

Client List Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to always

IP Alias Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into subnets.

NAT General Use this screen to enable NAT.

Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.

ALG Use this screen to enable and disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the

VoI P

SIP SIP Settings Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s Voice over IP settings.

QoS Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s Quality of Service

Phone Analog Phone Use this screen to set which phone ports use which SIP accounts.

Common Use this screen to configure general phone port settings.

Region Use this screen to select your location and call service mode.

Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment,
DNS servers and other advanced properties.

Use this screen to configure additional Internet access connections.

Use this screen to configure a backup gateway for your WAN.

advanced properties.

assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses (and host
names).

ZyXEL Device.

settings for VoIP.

Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 49

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary

LINK TAB FUNCTION

Phone Book Speed Dial Use this screen to configure speed dial for SIP phone numbers that you call

often.

Incoming Call
Policy

PSTN Line General Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s settings for PSTN calls.

Security

Firewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall and the default action to

Rules This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/

Anti Probing Use this screen to set whether or not your device will respond to pings and

Threshold Use this screen to configure the thresholds for determining when to drop

Content Filter Keyword Use this screen to block access to web sites containing certain keywords in

Schedule Use this screen to set the days and times for your device to perform content

Trusted Use this screen to exclude a range of users on the LAN from content

Advanced

Static Route Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes to tell your device about

Bandwidth
MGMT

Dynamic DNS This screen allows you to use a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP

Remote MGMT WWW Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP

UPnP General Use this screen to turn UPnP on or off.

Maintenance

Summary Use this screen to configure bandwidth management on an interface.

Rule Setup Use this screen to define a bandwidth rule.

Monitor Use this screen to view the ZyXEL Device’s bandwidth usage and

Te ln e t Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP

FTP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP

SNMP Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s settings for Simple

DNS Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP

ICMP Use this screen to set whether or not your device will respond to pings and

Use this screen to configure call-forwarding.

take on network traffic going in specific directions.

add a firewall rule.

probes for services that you have not made available.

sessions that do not become fully established.

the URL.

filtering.

filtering.

networks beyond the directly connected remote nodes.

allotments.

address.

address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the ZyXEL Device.

address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the ZyXEL Device.

address(es) users can use FTP to access the ZyXEL Device.

Network Management Protocol management.

address(es) users can send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.

probes for services that you have not made available.

50 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator

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Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary

LINK TAB FUNCTION

System General Use this screen to configure your device’s name, domain name,

management inactivity timeout and password.

Time Setting Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date.

Logs View Log Use this screen to display your device’s logs.

Log Settings Use this screen to select which logs and/or immediate alerts your device is

to record. You can also set it to e-mail the logs to you.

Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.

Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration (settings)

or reset the factory default settings.

Restart This screen allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the

power off.

Diagnostic General Use this screen to test the connections to other devices.

DSL Line These screen displays information to help you identify problems with the

DSL connection.

2.2.3 Main Window

The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of
this document.

Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 6 on page 73 for more
information about the Status screen.

2.2.4 Status Bar

Check the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration has been
updated.

Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 51

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

52 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator

This chapter provides information on the Wizard Setup screens for Internet access in the web
configurator.

3.1 Introduction

Use the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet access with the information
given to you by your ISP.

Note: See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 3

Internet Setup Wizard

3.2 Internet Access Wizard Setup

1 After you enter the password to access the web configurator, select Go to Wizard setup

and click Apply. Otherwise, click the wizard icon ( ) in the top right corner of the web
configurator to go to the wizards.

Figure 10 Select a Mode

2 Click INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP to configure the system for Internet access and

wireless connection.

Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard 53

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 11 Wizard Welcome

3 Your ZyXEL device attempts to detect your DSL connection and your connection type.

a The following screen appears if a connection is not detected. Check your

hardware connections and click Restart the Internet/Wireless Setup
Wizard to return to the wizard welcome screen.

Figure 12 Auto Detection: No DSL Connection

b The following screen displays if a PPPoE or PPPoA connection is detected.

Enter your Internet account information (username, password and/or service
name) exactly as provided by your ISP.

54 Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard

Figure 13 Auto-Detection: PPPoE

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

c The following screen appears if the ZyXEL device detects a connection but

not the connection type. Click Next and refer to Section 3.2.1 on page 55 on
how to manually configure the ZyXEL Device for Internet access.

Figure 14 Auto Detection: Failed

3.2.1 Manual Configuration

1 If the ZyXEL Device fails to detect your DSL connection type but the physical line is

connected, enter your Internet access information in the wizard screen exactly as your
SIP gave it to you. Leave the defaults in any fields for which you were not given
information.

Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard 55

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Figure 15 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 6 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Mode From the Mode drop-down list box, select Routing (default) if your ISP allows

multiple computers to share an Internet account. Otherwise select Bridge.

Encapsulation Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list

box. Choices vary depending on what you select in the Mode field.
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, select either PPPoA or RFC 1483.
If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA, RFC 1483, ENET ENCAP or

PPPoE.

Multiplexing Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list

box either VC-based or LLC-based.

Virtual Circuit IDVPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit.

VPI Enter the VPI assigned to you. This field may already be configured.

VCI Enter the VCI assigned to you. This field may already be configured.

Back Click Back to go back to the previous screen.

Next Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.

Refer to the appendix for more information.

depends on what protocol you chose above.

56 Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard

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2 The next wizard screen varies depending on what mode and encapsulation type you use.

All screens shown are with routing mode. Configure the fields and click Apply to
continue.

Figure 16 Internet Connection with PPPoE

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 7 Internet Connection with PPPoE

LABEL DESCRIPTION

User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form

user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components
exactly as given.

Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.

Service Name Type the name of your PPPoE service here.

Back Click Back to go back to the previous wizard screen.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.

Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard 57

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Figure 17 Internet Connection with RFC 1483

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 8 Internet Connection with RFC 1483

LABEL DESCRIPTION

IP Address This field is available if you select Routing in the Mode field.

Type your ISP assigned IP address in this field.

Back Click Back to go back to the previous wizard screen.

Next Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.

Figure 18 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP

58 Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 9 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP

LABEL DESCRIPTION

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically

Stat ic IP
Address

IP Address Enter your ISP assigned IP address.

Subnet Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.

Gateway IP
address

First DNS
Server

Second DNS
Server

Back Click Back to go back to the previous wizard screen.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.

A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not
fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.

Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address.

Select Static IP Address if your ISP gave you an IP address to use.

Refer to the appendix to calculate a subnet mask If you are implementing subnetting.

You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you use ENET
ENCAP in the Encapsulation field in the previous screen.

Enter the IP addresses of the DNS servers. The DNS servers are passed to the DHCP
clients along with the IP address and the subnet mask.

As above.

Figure 19 Internet Connection with PPPoA

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 10 Internet Connection with PPPoA

LABEL DESCRIPTION

User Name Enter the login name that your ISP gives you.

Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.

Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard 59

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 10 Internet Connection with PPPoA (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Back Click Back to go back to the previous wizard screen.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.

• If the user name and/or password you entered for PPPoE or PPPoA connection are not
correct, the screen displays as shown next. Click Back to Username and Password
setup to go back to the screen where you can modify them.

• If the following screen displays, check if your account is activated or click Restart the
Internet/Wireless Setup Wizard to verify your Internet access settings.

Figure 20 Connection Test Failed-2.

60 Chapter 3 Internet Setup Wizard

VoIP Wizard And Example

This chapter shows you how to configure your SIP account(s) and make a VoIP phone call.

4.1 Introduction

The ZyXEL Device has Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities that allow you to
use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls. You can configure the ZyXEL
Device to use up to two SIP based VoIP accounts.

This section describes how you can set up your ZyXEL Device to call someone who is also
using a VoIP device. Make sure your telephone is connected to the Phone 1 port before you
start with our example.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 4

In the following figure, A represents your phone and B represents the phone of the person you
would like to call.

Figure 21 VoIP Phone Calls

In order to make VoIP calls you need to register at least one SIP account on your ZyXEL
Device. You can register your SIP account in the VOICE OVER INTERNET SETUP
wizard.

4.2 VoIP Wizard Setup

1 After you enter the password to access the web configurator, select Go to Wizard setup

and click Apply. Otherwise, click the wizard icon ( ) in the top right corner of the web
configurator to display the wizard main screen.

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Figure 22 Select a Mode

2 Click VOICE OVER INTERNET SETUP to configure your SIP settings.

Figure 23 Wizard: Welcome

62 Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard And Example

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

3 Fill in the VOICE OVER INTERNET SETUP wizard screen with the information

provided by your VoIP service provider. Your VoIP service provider supplies you with
the following information. When you are finished, click Apply.

Table 11 Sample SIP Account Information

INFORMATION FROM
VOIP SERVICE
PROVIDER

EXAMPLE VALUES DESCRIPTION

SIP account address [e-mail]

11223344 is your SIP number. This is
the part that comes before the “@”
symbol in your SIP account address.
SIPA-Account.com is your SIP
server domain.

SIP server address a.b.c.d a.b.c.d is the IP address or domain name

Username VoIPUser This is the username you use to login to

Password Password This is the password you use to login to

Figure 24 VoIP Wizard Configuration

of your SIP server.

your SIP account.

your SIP account.

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 12 VoIP Wizard Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION

SIP Number Enter your SIP number in this field. Use the number or text that comes

before the @ symbol in a SIP account. If your SIP account is

[e-mail]

can use up to 127 ASCII characters.

SIP Server Address Type the IP address or domain name of the SIP server in this field. It

doesn’t matter whether the SIP server is a proxy, redirect or register server.
You can use up to 95 ASCII characters.

Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard And Example 63

, your SIP number is “11223344”. You

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 12 VoIP Wizard Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION

SIP Service Domain Enter the SIP service domain name in this field (the domain name that

User Name This is the name used to register this SIP account with the SIP register

Password Type the password associated with the user name above. You can use up

Check here to set up SIP2
settings.

Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.

Apply Click Apply to complete the wizard setup and save your configuration.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard without saving your settings.

comes after the @ symbol in a SIP account like 11223344@SIPA-

Account.com). You can use up to 127 ASCII Extended set characters.

server. Type the user name exactly as it was given to you. You can use up
to 95 ASCII characters.

to 95 ASCII Extended set characters.

This screen configures SIP account 1. Select the check box if you have
a second SIP account that you want to use. You will need to configure
the same fields for the second SIP account.

Note: If you configure more than one SIP account, you need

to configure Analog Phone settings in Section 10.12

on page 134 to distinguish between the two accounts

when you make and receive phone calls.

4 Your ZyXEL Device will attempt to register your SIP account with your VoIP service

provider. When your account is registered your PHONE 1 light will come on and you are
ready to make and receive VoIP phone calls.

Figure 25 SIP Registration Test

5 This screen displays if SIP account registration fails. If your DSL cable was

disconnected, you can try connecting it. Then wait a few seconds and click Register
Again. If your Internet connection was already working, you can click Back and try re-

entering your SIP account settings.

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Figure 26 VoIP Wizard Fail

6 This screen displays if your SIP account registration was successful. Click Return to

Wizard Main Page if you want to use another configuration wizard. Click Go to
Advanced Setup page or Finish to close the wizard and go to the main web configurator

screens.

Figure 27 VoIP Wizard Finish

7 To call other VoIP users, you need to follow a similar process to ensure that their SIP

account is registered and active. After it is registered, they need to provide you with their
SIP number. You can use your VoIP service provider’s dialing plan to call SIP numbers.

You can also use your VoIP service provider’s dialing plan to call regular phone
numbers. You dial a prefix number, provided to you by your VoIP service provider,
followed by a regular phone number.

Note: To find out more information about configuring your VoIP features and making

non VoIP calls see Chapter 10 on page 119.

Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard And Example 65

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66 Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard And Example

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 5

Bandwidth Management Wizard

This chapter shows you how to configure basic bandwidth management using the wizard
screens.

5.1 Introduction

Bandwidth management allows you to control the amount of bandwidth going out through the
ZyXEL Device’s WAN port and prioritize the distribution of the bandwidth according to
service bandwidth requirements. This helps keep one service from using all of the available
bandwidth and shutting out other users.

5.2 Predefined Media Bandwidth Management Services

The following is a description of the services that you can select and to which you can apply
media bandwidth management using the wizard screens.

Table 13 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services

SERVICE DESCRIPTION

WWW The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-

linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server
protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet;
rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include
Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a
browser.

FTP File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may

not be possible by e-mail. FTP uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) port
number 21.

E-Mail Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific

groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:
POP3 - port 110
IMAP - port 143
SMTP - port 25
HTTP - port 80

Telnet Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in

UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to
allow users to log into remote host systems. Telnet uses TCP port 23.

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Table 13 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services (continued)

SERVICE DESCRIPTION

NetMeeting
(H.323)

VoIP (SIP) Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session

VoIP (H.323) Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP.

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but

A multimedia communications product from Microsoft that enables groups to
teleconference and videoconference over the Internet. NetMeeting supports VoIP,
text chat sessions, a whiteboard, and file transfers and application sharing.

NetMeeting uses H.323. H.323 is a standard teleconferencing protocol suite that
provides audio, data and video conferencing. It allows for real-time point-to-point
and multipoint communication between client computers over a packet-based
network that does not provide a guaranteed quality of service.

H.323 is transported primarily over TCP, using the default port number 1720.

Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing
VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the
setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the
Internet.

SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP, using
the default port number 5060.

H.323 is a standard teleconferencing protocol suite that provides audio, data and
video conferencing. It allows for real-time point-to-point and multipoint
communication between client computers over a packet-based network that does
not provide a guaranteed quality of service.

H.323 is transported primarily over TCP, using the default port number 1720.

uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol).

5.3 Bandwidth Management Wizard Setup

1 After you enter the password to access the web configurator, select Go to Wizard setup

and click Apply. Otherwise, click the wizard icon ( ) in the top right corner of the web
configurator to display the wizard main screen.

68 Chapter 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard

Figure 28 Select a Mode

2 Click BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT SETUP.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Figure 29 Wizard: Welcome

3 Activate bandwidth management and select to allocate bandwidth to packets based on the

packet size or services.

Figure 30 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information

Chapter 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard 69

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The following fields describe the label in this screen.

Table 14 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select the Active check box to have the ZyXEL Device apply bandwidth

management to traffic going out through the ZyXEL Device’s WAN or LAN port.
Select Auto Classifier to automatically allocate bandwidth to packets based on the

packet size or Services Setup to allocate bandwidth based on the service
requirements.

Back Click Back to display the previous screen.

Next Click Next to proceed to the next screen.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.

4 If you select Service Setup, use the second wizard screen to select the services that you

want to apply bandwidth management and select the priorities that you want to apply to
the services listed.

Figure 31 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Service Configuration

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 15 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Service Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select Active to enable bandwidth management for service specified traffic.

Select an entry’s Active check box to turn on bandwidth management for the service/
application.

Service These fields display the services names.

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P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 15 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Service Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Priority Select High, Mid or Low priority for each service to have your ZyXEL Device use a

priority for traffic that matches that service.
A service with High priority is given as much bandwidth as it needs.
If you select services as having the same priority, then bandwidth is divided equally

amongst those services.
Services not specified in bandwidth management are allocated bandwidth after all

specified services receive their bandwidth requirements.
If the rules set up in this wizard are changed in Advanced, Bandwidth MGMT, Rule

Setup, then the service priority radio button will be set to User Configured.
The Advanced, Bandwidth MGMT, Rule Setup screen allows you to edit these rule

configurations.

Back Click Back to go back to the previous wizard screen.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.

5 Follow the on-screen instructions and click Finish to complete the wizard setup and save

your configuration.

Figure 32 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Complete

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P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

72 Chapter 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard

Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources, interfaces
(LAN and WAN), and SIP accounts. You can also register and unregister SIP accounts. The
Status screen also provides detailed information from Any IP and DHCP and statistics from
VoIP, bandwidth management, and traffic.

6.1 Status Screen

Click Status to open this screen.

Figure 33 Status Screen

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 6

Status Screens

Chapter 6 Status Screens 73

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Each field is described in the following table.

Table 16 Status Screen

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen.

Apply Click this to update this screen immediately.

Device Information

Host Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification. You

Model Number This is the model name of your device.

MAC Address This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL

ZyNOS
Firmware
Version

DSL Firmware
Version

WAN Information

DSL Mode This is the DSL standard that your ZyXEL Device is using.

IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Click

IP Subnet
Mask

Default
Gateway

VPI/VCI This is the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel Identifier that you entered in

LAN Information

IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN. Click

IP Subnet
Mask

DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the ZyXEL Device is providing to the LAN.

Security

Firewall This displays whether or not the ZyXEL Device’s firewall is activated. Click this to

Content Filter This displays whether or not the ZyXEL Device’s content filtering is activated. Click

System Status

can change this in the Maintenance > System > General screen’s System Name
field.

Device.

This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also
shows the date the firmware version was created. Click this to go to the screen
where you can change it.

This field displays the current version of the device’s DSL modem code.

this to go to the screen where you can change it.

This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.

This is the IP address of the default gateway, if applicable.

the wizard or WAN screen.

this to go to the screen where you can change it.

This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.

Choices are:
Server - The ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses

to other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP

requests and responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The ZyXEL Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.

go to the screen where you can change it.

this to go to the screen where you can change it.

74 Chapter 6 Status Screens

Table 16 Status Screen

LABEL DESCRIPTION

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

System
Uptime

Current Date/
Time

System Mode This displays whether the ZyXEL Device is functioning as a router or a bridge.

CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s processing ability is

Memory
Usage

Interface Status

Interface This column displays each interface the ZyXEL Device has.

Status For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line is down), Up (line is up or

Rate For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.

Summary

Client List Click this link to view current DHCP client information. See Section 8.5 on page

AnyIP Table Click this link to view a list of IP addresses and MAC addresses of computers,

Bandwidth
Status

Packet
Stat istics

VoIP Statistics Click this link to view statistics about your VoIP usage. See Section 6.4 on page

VoIP Statu s

Account This column displays each SIP account in the ZyXEL Device.

This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since it last
started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it
(Maintenance > Tools > Restart), or when you reset it (see Section 2.1.2 on page

47).

This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change
this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting.

currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is
running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you
want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other
applications (for example, using bandwidth management; see Chapter 16 on page

187).

This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s memory is currently
used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does
get close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is probably becoming unstable, and you
should restart the device. See Section 22.6 on page 241, or turn off the device
(unplug the power) for a few seconds.

connected) if you're using Ethernet encapsulation and Down (line is down), Up
(line is up or connected), Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and
Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.

This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface.
For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the

interface and Down when the ZyXEL Device is not using the interface.

For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.

104.

which are not in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. See Section 6.2 on page

76.

Click this link to view the ZyXEL Device’s bandwidth usage and allotments. See

Section 16.9 on page 196.

Click this link to view port status and packet specific statistics. See Section 6.3 on

page 77.

78.

Chapter 6 Status Screens 75

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 16 Status Screen

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Registration This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You have to

register SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP.
If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server,

• Click Unregister to delete the SIP account’s registration in the SIP server. This
does not cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP
identity and your IP address or domain name.

• The second field displays Registered.

If the SIP account is not registered with the SIP server,

• Click Register to have the ZyXEL Device attempt to register the SIP account
with the SIP server.

• The second field displays the reason the account is not registered.

Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP
Settings.

Register Fail - The last time the ZyXEL Device tried to register the SIP account

with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The ZyXEL Device automatically tries to
register the SIP account when you turn on the ZyXEL Device or when you activate
it.

URI This field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You

can change these in VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings.

6.2 Any IP Table

Click Status > AnyIP Table to access this screen. Use this screen to view the IP address and
MAC address of each computer that is using the ZyXEL Device but is in a different subnet
than the ZyXEL Device.

Figure 34 Any IP Table

Each field is described in the following table.

Table 17 Any IP Table

LABEL DESCRIPTION

# This field is a sequential value. It is not associated with a specific entry.

IP Address

This field displays the IP address of each computer that is using the ZyXEL Device
but is in a different subnet than the ZyXEL Device.

76 Chapter 6 Status Screens

Table 17 Any IP Table

LABEL DESCRIPTION

MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of the computer that is using the ZyXEL

Device but is in a different subnet than the ZyXEL Device.

Refresh

Click this to update this screen.

6.3 Packet Statistics

Click Status > Packet Statistics to access this screen. Read-only information here includes
port status and packet specific statistics. Also provided are "system up time" and "poll
interval(s)". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable.

Figure 35 Packet Statistics

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 18 Packet Statistics

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Monitor

System up Time This is the elapsed time the system has been up.

Current Date/Time This field displays your ZyXEL Device’s present date and time.

CPU Usage This field specifies the percentage of CPU utilization.

Memory Usage This field specifies the percentage of memory utilization.

WAN Port Statistics

Link Status This is the status of your WAN link.

Chapter 6 Status Screens 77

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 18 Packet Statistics (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

WAN IP Address This is the IP address of the ZyXEL Device’s WAN port.

Upstream Speed This is the upstream speed of your ZyXEL Device.

Downstream Speed This is the downstream speed of your ZyXEL Device.

Node-Link This field displays the remote node index number and link type. Link types are

PPPoA, ENET, RFC 1483 and PPPoE.

Status This field displays Down (line is down), Up (line is up or connected) if you're

TxPkts This field displays the number of packets transmitted on this port.

RxPkts This field displays the number of packets received on this port.

Errors This field displays the number of error packets on this port.

Tx B/s This field displays the number of bytes transmitted in the last second.

Rx B/s This field displays the number of bytes received in the last second.

Up Time This field displays the elapsed time this port has been up.

LAN Port Statistics

Ethernet This field displays Ethernet (LAN port).

Status For the LAN port, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or

TxPkts This field displays the number of packets transmitted on this interface.

RxPkts This field displays the number of packets received on this interface.

Collisions This is the number of collisions on this interfaces.

Poll Interval(s) Type the time interval for the browser to refresh system statistics.

Set Interval Click this to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval field

Stop Click this button to halt the refreshing of the system statistics.

using Ethernet encapsulation and Down (line is down), Up (line is up or
connected), Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.

connected).

above.

6.4 VoIP Statistics

Click Status > VoIP Statistics to access this screen.

78 Chapter 6 Status Screens

Figure 36 VoIP Statistics

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Each field is described in the following table.

Table 19 VoIP Statistics

LABEL DESCRIPTION

SIP Status

Account This column displays each SIP account in the ZyXEL Device.

Registration This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You can

Last Registration This field displays the last time you successfully registered the SIP account. It

URI This field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You

Protocol This field displays the transport protocol the SIP account uses. SIP accounts

Message Waiting This field indicates whether or not there are any messages waiting for the SIP

Last Incoming
Number

Last Outgoing
Number

Call Statistics

change this in the Status screen.

Registered - The SIP account is registered with a SIP server.
Register Fail - The last time the ZyXEL Device tried to register the SIP account

with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The ZyXEL Device automatically tries to
register the SIP account when you turn on the ZyXEL Device or when you activate
it.

Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP
Settings.

displays N/A if you never successfully registered this account.

can change these in VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings.

always use UDP.

account.

This field displays the last number that called the SIP account. It displays N/A if no
number has ever dialed the SIP account.

This field displays the last number the SIP account called. It displays N/A if the SIP
account has never dialed a number.

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Table 19 VoIP Statistics

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Phone This field displays each phone port in the ZyXEL Device.

Hook This field indicates whether the phone is on the hook or off the hook.

On - The phone is hanging up or already hung up.
Off - The phone is dialing, calling, or connected.

Status This field displays the current state of the phone call.

N/A - There are no current VoIP calls, incoming calls or outgoing calls being made.
DIAL - The callee’s phone is ringing.
RING - The phone is ringing for an incoming VoIP call.
Process - There is a VoIP call in progress.
DISC - The callee’s line is busy, the callee hung up or your phone was left off the

hook.

Codec This field displays what voice codec is being used for a current VoIP call through a

Peer Number This field displays the SIP number of the party that is currently engaged in a VoIP

Duration This field displays how long the current call has lasted.

Tx Pkts This field displays the number of packets the ZyXEL Device has transmitted in the

Rx Pkts This field displays the number of packets the ZyXEL Device has received in the

Tx B/s This field displays how quickly the ZyXEL Device has transmitted packets in the

Rx B/s This field displays how quickly the ZyXEL Device has received packets in the

Poll Interval(s) Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen, and click Set

Set Interval Click this to make the ZyXEL Device update the screen based on the amount of

Stop Click this to make the ZyXEL Device stop updating the screen.

phone port.

call through a phone port.

current call.

current call.

current call. The rate is the average number of bytes transmitted per second.

current call. The rate is the average number of bytes transmitted per second.

Interval.

time you specified in Poll Interval.

80 Chapter 6 Status Screens

This chapter describes how to configure WAN settings.

7.1 WAN Overview

A WAN (Wide Area Network) is an outside connection to another network or the Internet.

7.1.1 Encapsulation

Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device supports
the following methods.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 7

WAN Setup

7.1.1.1 ENET ENCAP

The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the
IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN
interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For
instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. ENET ENCAP
requires that you specify a gateway IP address in the ENET ENCAP Gateway field in the
second wizard screen. You can get this information from your ISP.

7.1.1.2 PPP over Ethernet

The ZyXEL Device supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an
IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a
broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPPoE option is for a dial-up
connection using PPPoE.

For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with
existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).

One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services,
a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily
create and offer new IP services for individuals.

Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires
no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.

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By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individual computers),
the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyXEL Device
does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have
access.

7.1.1.3 PPPoA

PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA
connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device encapsulates the
PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual
Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please
refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information
on PPP.

7.1.1.4 RFC 1483

RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation
Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single
ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each
protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer
to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.

7.1.2 Multiplexing

There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be
sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.

7.1.2.1 VC-based Multiplexing

In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit;
for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments
where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.

7.1.2.2 LLC-based Multiplexing

In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being
contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this
method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried
protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.

7.1.3 VPI and VCI

Be sure to use the correct Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
numbers assigned to you. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255 and for the VCI is 32 to
65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Please see the appendix for
more information.

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7.1.4 IP Address Assignment

A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you
a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you
have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences
your choices for IP address and ENET ENCAP gateway.

7.1.4.1 IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation

If you have a dynamic IP, then the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields are not
applicable (N/A). If you have a static IP, then you only need to fill in the IP Address field and
not the ENET ENCAP Gateway field.

7.1.4.2 IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation

In this case the IP Address Assignment must be static with the same requirements for the IP
Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields as stated above.

7.1.4.3 IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation

In this case you can have either a static or dynamic IP. For a static IP you must fill in all the IP
Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields as supplied by your ISP. However for a
dynamic IP, the ZyXEL Device acts as a DHCP client on the WAN port and so the IP
Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields are not applicable (N/A) as the DHCP server

assigns them to the ZyXEL Device.

7.1.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP)

A nailed-up connection is a dial-up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic
demand. The ZyXEL Device does two things when you specify a nailed-up connection. The
first is that idle timeout is disabled. The second is that the ZyXEL Device will try to bring up
the connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down. A nailed-up connection
can be very expensive for obvious reasons.

Do not specify a nailed-up connection unless your telephone company offers flat-rate service
or you need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern

7.1.6 NAT

NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a
host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one
network to a different IP address known within another network.

Chapter 7 WAN Setup 83

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7.2 Metric

The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for
transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop count as the
measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected networks. The number
must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15" means the link is down. The
smaller the number, the lower the "cost".

The metric sets the priority for the ZyXEL Device’s routes to the Internet. If any two of the
default routes have the same metric, the ZyXEL Device uses the following pre-defined
priorities:

• Normal route: designated by the ISP (see Section 7.5 on page 86)

• Traffic-redirect route (see Section 7.7 on page 91)

• WAN-backup route, also called dial-backup (see Section 7.8 on page 93)

For example, if the normal route has a metric of "1" and the traffic-redirect route has a metric
of "2" and dial-backup route has a metric of "3", then the normal route acts as the primary
default route. If the normal route fails to connect to the Internet, the ZyXEL Device tries the
traffic-redirect route next. In the same manner, the ZyXEL Device uses the dial-backup route
if the traffic-redirect route also fails.

If you want the dial-backup route to take first priority over the traffic-redirect route or even the
normal route, all you need to do is set the dial-backup route’s metric to "1" and the others to
"2" (or greater).

IP Policy Routing overrides the default routing behavior and takes priority over all of the
routes mentioned above.

7.3 Traffic Shaping

Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average
rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps
eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and
video connections.

Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter
may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits),
so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not
guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed.

Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the
maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be
greater than the PCR.

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Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR.
After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At
this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.

If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value
that correlates to your upstream line rate.

The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.

Figure 37 Example of Traffic Shaping

7.3.1 ATM Traffic Classes

These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0
Specification.

7.3.1.1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is
being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for
connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and
if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR
would be high-resolution video and voice.

7.3.1.2 Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections
that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or
non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections.

The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require
closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a
PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT
connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers
and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.

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P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do
not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty"
traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum
level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.

7.3.1.3 Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR
doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare
bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.

7.4 Zero Configuration Internet Access

Once you turn on and connect the ZyXEL Device to a telephone jack, it automatically detects
the Internet connection settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method)
from the ISP and makes the necessary configuration changes. In cases where additional
account information (such as an Internet account user name and password) is required or the
ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the ISP, you will be redirected to web screen(s) for
information input or troubleshooting.

Zero configuration for Internet access is disable when

• the ZyXEL Device is in bridge mode

• you set the ZyXEL Device to use a static (fixed) WAN IP address.

7.5 Internet Access Setup

To change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN remote node settings, click Network > WAN >
Internet Access Setup. The screen differs by the encapsulation.

See Section 7.1 on page 81 for more information.

86 Chapter 7 WAN Setup

Figure 38 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE)

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 20 Internet Access Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

General

Mode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple

computers to share an Internet account. Otherwise select Bridge.

Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list

User Name (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your

Password (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the

Chapter 7 WAN Setup 87

box. Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field.
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, select either PPPoA or RFC 1483.
If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA, RFC 1483, ENET

ENCAP or PPPoE.

ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain
identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.

user name above.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 20 Internet Access Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Service Name (PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.

Multiplexing Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list.

Virtual Circuit ID VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual

VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.

VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local

IP Address

IP Address This option is available if you select Routing in the Mode field.

Subnet Mask
(ENET ENCAP

encapsulation only)

Gateway IP address
(ENET ENCAP

encapsulation only)

DNS Server

First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
Third DNS Server

Connection
(PPPoA and PPPoE

encapsulation only)

Nailed-Up
Connection

Choices are VC or LLC.

circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information.

management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.

A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is
not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the
Internet.

Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;
otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in
the IP Address field below.

Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Refer to the appendix to calculate a subnet mask If you are implementing

subnetting.

You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you select
ENET ENCAP in the Encapsulation field

Select Obtained From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the ZyXEL Device's WAN IP address).

Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS
server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave
the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click
Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP
address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply.

Select DNS Relay to have the ZyXEL Device act as a DNS proxy only when the
ISP uses IPCP DNS server extensions. The ZyXEL Device's LAN IP address
displays in the field to the right (read-only). The ZyXEL Device tells the DHCP
clients on the LAN that the ZyXEL Device itself is the DNS server. When a
computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL
Device forwards the query to the real DNS server learned through IPCP and
relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay for
one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS
server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply.

Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. You must have
another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS
server addresses manually configured. If you do not configure a DNS server, you
must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.

Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time.
The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is
disconnected.

88 Chapter 7 WAN Setup

Table 20 Internet Access Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Connect on Demand Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time

and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.

Max Idle Timeout Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field when you select Connect

on Demand. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not
timeout.

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Advanced Setup Click this button to display the Advanced WAN Setup screen and edit more

details of your WAN setup.

7.5.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup

To edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings, click the Advanced Setup button in
the Internet Access Setup screen. The screen appears as shown.

Figure 39 Advanced Internet Access Setup

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 21 Advanced Internet Access Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

RIP & Multicast
Setup

RIP Direction Select the RIP direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only.

RIP Version Select the RIP version from RIP-1, RIP-2B and RIP-2M.

Multicast IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to

ATM QoS

Chapter 7 WAN Setup 89

establish membership in a multicast group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP
version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP-v2. Select None to disable it.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

Table 21 Advanced Internet Access Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ATM QoS Type Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice

or data traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time
sensitive, such as e-mail. Select VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for
applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay
variation. Select VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for connections
that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.

Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell

Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the
PCR here.

Sustain Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be

transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system
default is 0 cells/sec.

Maximum Burst
Size

Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent
at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.

Zero
Configuration

Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

This feature is not applicable/available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to
use a static WAN IP address or in bridge mode.

Select Yes to set the ZyXEL Device to automatically detect the Internet connection
settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method) from the ISP
and make the necessary configuration changes.

Select No to disable this feature. You must manually configure the ZyXEL Device
for Internet access.

7.6 WAN More Connections

The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure more than one Internet access connection. To
configure additional Internet access connections click Network > WAN > More
Connections. The screen differs by the encapsulation.

90 Chapter 7 WAN Setup

Figure 40 WAN More Connections

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 22 Advanced Internet Access Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

# This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection.

Active This field indicates whether the connection is active or not.

Name This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.

VPI/VCI This field displays the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier

(VCI) numbers configured for this WAN connection.

Encapsulation This field indicates the encapsulation method of the Internet connection.

Modify Click the modify icon to edit the Internet connection settings. Click this icon on an

empty configuration to add a new Internet access setup.
Click the delete icon to remove the Internet access setup from your connection list.

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

7.7 Traffic Redirect

Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot connect
to the Internet. An example is shown in the figure below.

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Figure 41 Traffic Redirect Example

The following network topology allows you to avoid triangle route security issues when the
backup gateway is connected to the LAN. Use IP alias to configure the LAN into two or three
logical networks with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Put the
protected LAN in one subnet (Subnet 1 in the following figure) and the backup gateway in
another subnet (Subnet 2). Configure filters that allow packets from the protected LAN
(Subnet 1) to the backup gateway (Subnet 2).

92 Chapter 7 WAN Setup

Figure 42 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup

7.8 WAN Backup Setup

To configure your ZyXEL Device’s WAN backup, click Network > WAN > WAN Backup
Setup.

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 23 WAN Backup Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Backup Type Select the method that the ZyXEL Device uses to check the DSL connection.

Select DSL Link to have the ZyXEL Device check if the connection to the DSLAM is
up. Select ICMP to have the ZyXEL Device periodically ping the IP addresses
configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields.

Check WAN IP
Address1-3

Configure this field to test your ZyXEL Device's WAN accessibility. Type the IP
address of a reliable nearby computer (for example, your ISP's DNS server
address).

Note: If you activate either traffic redirect or dial backup, you must

When using a WAN backup connection, the ZyXEL Device periodically pings the
addresses configured here and uses the other WAN backup connection (if
configured) if there is no response.

Fail Tolerance Type the number of times (2 recommended) that your ZyXEL Device may ping the

IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address field without getting a
response before switching to a WAN backup connection (or a different WAN
backup connection).

Recovery Interval When the ZyXEL Device is using a lower priority connection (usually a WAN backup

Timeout Type the number of seconds (3 recommended) for your ZyXEL Device to wait for a

Traffic Redirect Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot

Active Traffic
Redirect

connection), it periodically checks to whether or not it can use a higher priority
connection.

Type the number of seconds (30 recommended) for the ZyXEL Device to wait
between checks. Allow more time if your destination IP address handles lots of
traffic.

ping response from one of the IP addresses in the Check WAN IP Address field
before timing out the request. The WAN connection is considered "down" after the
ZyXEL Device times out the number of times specified in the Fail Tolerance field.
Use a higher value in this field if your network is busy or congested.

connect to the Internet.

Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device use traffic redirect if the normal
WAN connection goes down.

configure at least one IP address here.

Note: If you activate traffic redirect, you must configure at least one

Check WAN IP Address.

Metric This field sets this route's priority among the routes the ZyXEL Device uses.

The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route
for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop
count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected
networks. The number must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15"
means the link is down. The smaller the number, the lower the "cost".

Backup Gateway Type the IP address of your backup gateway in dotted decimal notation. The ZyXEL

Device automatically forwards traffic to this IP address if the ZyXEL Device's
Internet connection terminates.

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

94 Chapter 7 WAN Setup

This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.

8.1 LAN Overview

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers
are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same
building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server
and manage IP addresses.

See Section 8.3 on page 101 to configure the LAN screens.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 8

LAN Setup

8.1.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device

The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or
WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other
outside the WAN network as shown next.

Figure 43 LAN and WAN IP Addresses

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8.1.2 DHCP Setup

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL
Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device
provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must
have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.

8.1.2.1 IP Pool Setup

The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP
Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from
the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.

8.1.3 DNS Server Address

DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address
and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the
IP address of a machine before you can access it. The DNS server addresses that you enter in
the DHCP setup are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and
subnet mask.

There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses. The first is for an ISP
to tell a customer the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when
s/he signs up. If your ISP gives you the DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server
fields in DHCP Setup, otherwise, leave them blank.

Some ISP’s choose to pass the DNS servers using the DNS server extensions of PPP IPCP (IP
Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS
servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The ZyXEL
Device supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.

If you set the router to be a DNS relay, it tells the DHCP clients that the device itself is the
DNS server. When a computer sends a DNS query to the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device
forwards the query to the real DNS server learned through IPCP and relays the response back
to the computer.

Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses IPCP DNS server extensions. It
does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances.
If your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the
DHCP Setup screen. This way, the ZyXEL Device can pass the DNS servers to the computers
and the computers can query the DNS server directly without the ZyXEL Device’s
intervention.

96 Chapter 8 LAN Setup

8.1.4 DNS Server Address Assignment

Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a computer before you can access it.

There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.

• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet,
when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS
Server fields in the DHCP Setup screen.

• The ZyXEL Device acts as a DNS proxy when the DNS Server field is set to DNS Relay
in the DHCP Setup screen.

8.2 LAN TCP/IP

The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS
servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

8.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask

Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a
LAN share one common network number.

Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or
your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their
instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.

If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single
user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is
established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT)
feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this
block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you
are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254
individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other
words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an
individual computer on that network.

Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember,
for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that no other device on your
network is using that IP address.

The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device
will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You
don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are
instructed to do otherwise.

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8.2.1.1 Private IP Addresses

Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from
the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP
addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private
networks:

• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255

• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255

• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255

You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a
private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an
ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other
hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network
administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.

Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;

always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets
and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

8.2.2 RIP Setup

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with
other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets.
When set to:

• Both - the ZyXEL Device will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate
the RIP information that it receives.

• In Only - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP
packets received.

• Out Only - the ZyXEL Device will send out RIP packets but will not accept any RIP
packets received.

• None - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP
packets received.

The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the
ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally
supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most
networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.

Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that
RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting.

98 Chapter 8 LAN Setup

8.2.3 Multicast

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1
recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to
a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.

IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC

2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If
you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP
version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is
used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address

224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address

224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts
(including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP.
The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.

The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-
v2). At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group
membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information. IP
multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyXEL Device LAN and/or WAN interfaces in
the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these
interfaces.

P-2602R/RL-DxA Series User’s Guide

8.2.4 Any IP

Traditionally, you must set the IP addresses and the subnet masks of a computer and the
ZyXEL Device to be in the same subnet to allow the computer to access the Internet (through
the ZyXEL Device). In cases where your computer is required to use a static IP address in
another network, you may need to manually configure the network settings of the computer
every time you want to access the Internet via the ZyXEL Device.

With the Any IP feature and NAT enabled, the ZyXEL Device allows a computer to access the
Internet without changing the network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask) of the
computer, when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the same
subnet. Whether a computer is set to use a dynamic or static (fixed) IP address, you can
simply connect the computer to the ZyXEL Device and access the Internet.

The following figure depicts a scenario where a computer is set to use a static private IP
address in the corporate environment. In a residential house where a ZyXEL Device is
installed, you can still use the computer to access the Internet without changing the network
settings, even when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the
same subnet.

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Figure 44 Any IP Example

The Any IP feature does not apply to a computer using either a dynamic IP address or a static
IP address that is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device’s IP address.

Note: You must enable NAT/SUA to use the Any IP feature on the ZyXEL Device.

8.2.4.1 How Any IP Works

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP
address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC
address, on the local area network. IP routing table is defined on IP Ethernet devices (the
ZyXEL Device) to decide which hop to use,
destination.

The following lists out the steps taken, when a computer tries to access the Internet for the first
time through the ZyXEL Device.

1 When a computer (which is in a different subnet) first attempts to access the Internet, it

sends packets to its default gateway (which is not the ZyXEL Device) by looking at the
MAC address in its ARP table.

2 When the computer cannot locate the default gateway, an ARP request is broadcast on the

LAN.

3 The ZyXEL Device receives the ARP request and replies to the computer with its own

MAC address.

4 The computer updates the MAC address for the default gateway to the ARP table. Once

the ARP table is updated, the computer is able to access the Internet through the ZyXEL
Device.

to help forward data along to its specified

5 When the ZyXEL Device receives packets from the computer, it creates an entry in the IP

routing table so it can properly forward packets intended for the computer.

100 Chapter 8 LAN Setup