ZyXEL Communications ES-2024 User Manual

ES-2024 Series

Ethernet Switch

User’s Guide

Version 3.70

7/2006

Edition 1

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.

Trademarks

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc.
Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be
properties of their respective owners.

Copyright 2

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Certifications

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.

FCC Warning

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant to
Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this device in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CE Mark Warning:

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:

Notices

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

APPAREIL A LASER DE CLASS 1

PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH 21 CFR 1040.10 AND 1040.11.

PRODUIT CONFORME SELON 21 CFR 1040.10 ET 1040.11.

3 Certifications

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Certifications

1 Go to www.zyxel.com

2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's

page.

3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

Certifications 4

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Safety Warnings

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.

• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

• Do NOT store things on the device.

• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.

• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this
device. Please contact your vendor for further information. For devices that use any external cables or
cords.

• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.

• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.

• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.

• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North
America or 230V AC in Europe).

• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where
anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.

• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.

• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.

• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.

• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of
electric shock from lightning.

• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.

• The PoE (Power over Ethernet) devices that supply or receive power and their connected Ethernet
cables must all be completely indoors.

This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.

5 Safety Warnings

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL.
This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.

Registration

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

ZyXEL Limited Warranty 6

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Customer Support

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.

• Product model and serial number.

• Warranty Information.

• Date that you received your device.

• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

METHOD

LOCATION

CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)

COSTA RICA

CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

HUNGARY

KAZAKHSTAN

NORTH AMERICA

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.com

www.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.com

ftp.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.co.cr ZyXEL Costa Rica

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.cr

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary

[e-mail] [phone]

http://zyxel.kz/support [phone] www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] 1-800-255-4101

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.us.zyxel.com

www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.

REGULAR MAIL

ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II

Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n

Plaza Roble Escazú
Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso
San José, Costa Rica

Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika

Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark

Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland

1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France

Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany

48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary

43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan

1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.

7 Customer Support

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

METHOD

LOCATION

NORWAY

POLAND

RUSSIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

UKRAINE

UNITED KINGDOM

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications

[phone]

http://zyxel.ru/support [phone] www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone]

08707 555779 (UK only)

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.uk

www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK

REGULAR MAIL

Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway

ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland

Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia

Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain

Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden

13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine

Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)

Customer Support 8

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

9 Customer Support

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

Table of Contents

Copyright ..................................................................................................................2

Certifications ............................................................................................................3

Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 5

ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 6

Customer Support.................................................................................................... 7

Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 10

List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 20

List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 24

Preface ....................................................................................................................28

Chapter 1

Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 30

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................30

1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................30

1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................32

1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................33

1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................33

1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................33

1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................34

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................34

1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................35

1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................35

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 38

2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................38

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ..........................................................................39

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................39

2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................39

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................39

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................39

Table of Contents 10

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

Chapter 3

Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 42

3.1 Front Panel Connection .....................................................................................42

3.1.1 Console Port .............................................................................................43

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................43

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots ........................................................................................44

3.2 Rear Panel .........................................................................................................45

3.2.1 Power Connector ......................................................................................45

3.3 LEDs ..................................................................................................................46

Chapter 4

The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 48

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................48

4.2 System Login ....................................................................................................48

4.3 The Status Screen ..............................................................................................49

4.3.1 Menu Overview .........................................................................................50

4.3.2 Change Your Password ............................................................................53

4.4 Saving Your Configuration ..................................................................................53

4.5 Switch Lockout ...................................................................................................54

4.6 Resetting the Switch ..........................................................................................54

4.6.1 Reload the Factory-default Configuration File ..........................................54

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................55

4.8 Help ....................................................................................................................55

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................43

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ...................................................................44

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ......................................................................45

Chapter 5

Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 56

5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................56

5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................56

5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................57

5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...........................................58

Chapter 6

System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 60

6.1 Port Status Summary ........................................................................................60

6.1.1 Status: Port Details ..................................................................................61

Chapter 7

Basic Setting .......................................................................................................... 66

7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................66

7.2 System Information ...........................................................................................66

11 Table of Contents

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

7.3 General Setup ...................................................................................................69

7.4 Introduction to VLANs ........................................................................................70

7.5 Switch Setup Screen .........................................................................................71

7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................72

7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................72

7.7 Port Setup .........................................................................................................74

Chapter 8

VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 78

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ......................................................78

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................78

8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................79

8.2.1 GARP .......................................................................................................79

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................79

8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................79

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ...........................................................................................80

8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................80

8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................81

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ...................................................................................81

8.5.2 VLAN Detail .............................................................................................82

8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ..........................................................................82

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings .................................................................84

8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup ....................................................................................85

8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ..................................................................86

Chapter 9

Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 90

9.1 Static MAC Forwarding Overview .....................................................................90

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ...................................................................90

Chapter 10

Filtering ................................................................................................................... 92

10.1 Filtering Overview ...........................................................................................92

10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule ................................................................................92

Chapter 11

Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................................... 94

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview .......................................................................................94

11.1.1 STP Terminology .....................................................................................94

11.1.2 How STP Works .....................................................................................95

11.2 STP Port States ................................................................................................95

11.3 STP Status ......................................................................................................95

11.4 Configuring STP ..............................................................................................96

Table of Contents 12

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

Chapter 12

Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 100

12.1 Bandwidth Control Setup ..............................................................................100

Chapter 13

Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 102

13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Overview ...............................................................102

13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ......................................................................102

Chapter 14

Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 104

14.1 Mirroring Overview ........................................................................................104

14.2 Port Mirroring Setup .......................................................................................104

Chapter 15

Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 108

15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ...........................................................................108

15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation .............................................................................108

15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ..............................................................................109

15.3 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................109

15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................ 110

Chapter 16

Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 112

16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................112

16.1.1 RADIUS ................................................................................................ 112

16.1.1.1 Vendor Specific Attribute .............................................................112

16.1.1.2 Tunnel Protocol Attribute ............................................................. 113

16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................113

16.3 Activating IEEE 802.1x Security ....................................................................114

16.4 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ............................................................ 115

Chapter 17

Port Security......................................................................................................... 118

17.1 Port Sercurity Overview ................................................................................ 118

17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 118

17.3 Port Security Example ....................................................................................120

Chapter 18

Queuing Method................................................................................................... 122

18.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................122

18.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) ...............................................................122

18.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................122

13 Table of Contents

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

18.2 Configuring Queuing Method .........................................................................123

Chapter 19

Multicast................................................................................................................ 124

19.1 Multicast Overview ........................................................................................124

19.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................124

19.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................124

19.1.3 IGMP Snooping ....................................................................................124

19.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................125

19.3 Multicast Setup ..............................................................................................125

19.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................127

19.5 MVR Overview ..............................................................................................128

19.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................129

19.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................129

19.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................129

19.6 General MVR Configuration ...........................................................................130

19.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................132

19.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................134

Chapter 20

Static Route .......................................................................................................... 138

20.1 Configuring Static Route ...............................................................................138

Chapter 21

DiffServ Code Point ............................................................................................. 140

21.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................140

21.2 Activating DiffServ ..........................................................................................140

21.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping .........................................................141

21.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings ..................................................................141

Chapter 22

Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 144

22.1 The Maintenance Screen ..............................................................................144

22.2 Load Factory Default ......................................................................................145

22.3 Save Configuration .........................................................................................145

22.4 Reboot System ...............................................................................................145

22.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................146

22.6 Restore a Configuration File .........................................................................146

22.7 Backing Up a Configuration File ....................................................................147

22.8 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................147

22.8.1 Filename Conventions ..........................................................................148

22.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................148

22.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................148

Table of Contents 14

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

22.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................149

22.8.4 FTP Restrictions ...................................................................................149

Chapter 23

Access Control..................................................................................................... 150

23.1 Access Control Overview ..............................................................................150

23.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................150

23.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................151

23.3.1 Supported MIBs ....................................................................................152

23.3.2 SNMP Traps .........................................................................................152

23.3.3 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................153

23.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ............................................................................154

23.5 SSH Overview ................................................................................................155

23.6 How SSH works .............................................................................................155

23.7 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................156

23.7.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................157

23.7.2 SSH Login Example ..............................................................................157

23.8 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................157

23.9 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................158

23.9.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................158

23.9.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................159

23.9.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................160

23.10 Service Port Access Control .......................................................................161

23.11 Remote Management ..................................................................................161

Chapter 24

Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 164

24.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................164

Chapter 25

Syslog ................................................................................................................... 166

25.1 Syslog Overview ............................................................................................166

25.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................166

25.3 Syslog Server Setup .....................................................................................167

Chapter 26

Cluster Management............................................................................................ 170

26.1 Cluster Management Overview .....................................................................170

26.2 Cluster Management Status ...........................................................................171

26.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ...................................................172

26.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .......................172

26.3 Configuring Cluster Management .................................................................173

15 Table of Contents

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

Chapter 27

MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 176

27.1 MAC Table Overview .....................................................................................176

27.2 Viewing the MAC Table ..................................................................................177

Chapter 28

ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 178

28.1 ARP Table Overview .....................................................................................178

28.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................178

28.2 Viewing the ARP Table ...................................................................................178

Chapter 29

Configure Clone ................................................................................................... 180

29.1 Clone a Port ..................................................................................................180

Chapter 30

Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 182

30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................182

30.2 Accessing the CLI .........................................................................................182

30.2.1 Multiple Login ........................................................................................182

30.2.2 The Console Port ..................................................................................182

30.2.2.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................183

30.2.3 Telnet ...................................................................................................183

30.2.4 SSH ......................................................................................................183

30.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................184

30.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................184

30.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................185

30.6 Account Privilege Levels ................................................................................185

30.7 Command Modes ...........................................................................................186

30.8 Getting Help ...................................................................................................187

30.8.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................187

30.8.2 Detailed Command Information ............................................................188

30.9 Using Command History ................................................................................189

30.10 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................189

30.10.1 Switch Configuration File ....................................................................189

30.10.2 Logging Out ........................................................................................190

30.11 Command Summary ....................................................................................190

30.11.1 User Mode ..........................................................................................190

30.11.2 Enable Mode .......................................................................................191

30.11.3 General Configuration Mode ...............................................................196

30.11.4 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................205

30.11.5 mvr Commands ...................................................................................208

30.11.6 config-vlan Commands .......................................................................209

Table of Contents 16

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

Chapter 31

Command Examples............................................................................................ 212

31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................212

31.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................212

31.2.1 show interface ......................................................................................212

31.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................213

31.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................214

31.2.4 show mac address-table all ..................................................................214

31.2.5 show pwr ...............................................................................................214

31.2.6 show system-information .....................................................................215

31.3 ping ...............................................................................................................216

31.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................216

31.5 Enabling RSTP ...............................................................................................217

31.6 Copy Port Attributes .......................................................................................217

31.7 Configuration File Maintenance ....................................................................218

31.7.1 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................218

Chapter 32

Configuration Mode Commands......................................................................... 220

32.1 Setting Login Accounts ..................................................................................220

32.2 Enabling IGMP Snooping ...............................................................................221

32.3 Configuring an IGMP Filter .............................................................................221

32.4 Enabling STP .................................................................................................222

32.5 no Command Examples .................................................................................224

32.5.1 Disable Commands ..............................................................................224

32.5.2 Resetting Commands ...........................................................................224

32.5.3 Re-enabling Commands .......................................................................224

32.5.4 Other Examples of no Commands ........................................................225

32.5.4.1 no trunk .......................................................................................225

32.5.4.2 no port-access-authenticator .......................................................226

32.5.4.3 no ssh ..........................................................................................226

32.6 pwr Commands ..............................................................................................227

32.7 Queuing Method Commands .........................................................................228

32.8 Static Route Commands ................................................................................229

32.9 Enabling MAC Filtering ..................................................................................230

32.10 Enabling Trunking ........................................................................................230

32.11 Enabling Port Authentication ........................................................................231

32.11.1 RADIUS Server Settings .....................................................................231

32.11.2 Port Authentication Settings ................................................................232

Chapter 33

Interface Commands............................................................................................ 234

33.1 Overview ........................................................................................................234

17 Table of Contents

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

33.2 Interface Command Examples .......................................................................234

33.2.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................234

33.2.2 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................234

33.2.3 mirror ...................................................................................................235

33.2.4 gvrp ......................................................................................................236

33.2.5 frame-type ............................................................................................236

33.2.6 egress set ............................................................................................237

33.2.7 qos priority ............................................................................................237

33.2.8 name .....................................................................................................238

33.2.9 speed-duplex ........................................................................................238

33.2.10 test ......................................................................................................238

33.3 Interface no Command Examples ..................................................................239

33.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................239

Chapter 34

IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 240

34.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................240

34.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................241

34.2.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................241

34.2.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................241

34.2.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................242

34.2.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................242

34.2.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................242

34.3 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................242

34.3.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................243

34.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................243

34.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................243

34.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................244

34.3.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................244

34.3.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................244

34.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................245

34.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................245

34.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................246

34.6 Show VLAN Setting ........................................................................................246

Chapter 35

Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 248

35.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................248

35.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................248

35.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................249

35.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................249

35.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................252

35.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................254

Table of Contents 18

ES-2024 Series User’ Guide

35.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................256

Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 258

Index...................................................................................................................... 270

19 Table of Contents

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 33

Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................34

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application ................................................. 34

Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ...................................................................35

Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 36

Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 38

Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................39

Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................. 40

Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-2024A .......................................................................... 42

Figure 10 Front Panel: ES-2024PWR ................................................................... 42

Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 44

Figure 12 Installed Transceiver ...........................................................................45

Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 45

Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 45

Figure 15 Rear Panel ............................................................................................ 45

Figure 16 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 48

Figure 17 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 49

Figure 18 Change Administrator Login Password ................................................. 53

Figure 19 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 55

Figure 20 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .........................................................55

Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................... 56

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 57

Figure 23 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................... 58

Figure 24 Status .................................................................................................... 60

Figure 25 Status: Port Details ................................................................................ 62

Figure 26 System Info (ES-2024) ..........................................................................67

Figure 27 System Info (ES-2024PWR) ................................................................. 67

Figure 28 General Setup ....................................................................................... 69

Figure 29 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 71

Figure 30 IP Setup .................................................................................................73

Figure 31 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 75

Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 80

Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 81

Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status .............................................................................. 81

Figure 35 VLAN Status: Detail ...............................................................................82

Figure 36 VLAN: Static VLAN ...............................................................................83

Figure 37 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 84

Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 86

List of Figures 20

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ...............................................87

Figure 40 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 90

Figure 41 Filtering .................................................................................................. 92

Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 96

Figure 43 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ..................................................97

Figure 44 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................100

Figure 45 Broadcast Storm Control .......................................................................102

Figure 46 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 105

Figure 47 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 109

Figure 48 Link Aggregation: Configuration ............................................................ 110

Figure 49 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 112

Figure 50 Port Authentication ................................................................................114

Figure 51 Port Authentication: 802.1x ...................................................................114

Figure 52 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................115

Figure 53 Port Security .......................................................................................... 119

Figure 54 Port Security Example ........................................................................... 120

Figure 55 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 123

Figure 56 Multicast Status . .................................................................................... 125

Figure 57 Multicast Setting .....................................................................................126

Figure 58 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................ 128

Figure 59 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 129

Figure 60 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 130

Figure 61 MVR ...................................................................................................... 131

Figure 62 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 133

Figure 63 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................134

Figure 64 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................135

Figure 65 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................... 136

Figure 66 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 138

Figure 67 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 140

Figure 68 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 142

Figure 69 Maintenance ......................................................................................... 144

Figure 70 Load Factory Default: Conformation .....................................................145

Figure 71 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................... 146

Figure 72 Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................ 146

Figure 73 Restore Configuration .......................................................................... 147

Figure 74 Backup Configuration ............................................................................147

Figure 75 Access Control ...................................................................................... 151

Figure 76 SNMP Management Model ................................................................... 151

Figure 77 Access Control: SNMP .......................................................................... 153

Figure 78 Access Control: Logins ..........................................................................154

Figure 79 SSH Communication Example ............................................................... 155

Figure 80 How SSH Works ..................................................................................... 156

Figure 81 SSH Login Example .............................................................................. 157

21 List of Figures

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 82 HTTPS Implementation ..........................................................................158

Figure 83 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) .......................................... 159

Figure 84 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ............................................................ 159

Figure 85 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ............................................................ 160

Figure 86 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection ......................................160

Figure 87 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................... 161

Figure 88 Access Control: Remote Management .................................................. 162

Figure 89 Diagnostic ..............................................................................................164

Figure 90 Syslog .................................................................................................... 167

Figure 91 Syslog: Server Setup .............................................................................168

Figure 92 Clustering Application Example ............................................................. 170

Figure 93 Cluster Management: Status .................................................................171

Figure 94 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ........ 172

Figure 95 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ................. 173

Figure 96 Clustering Management Configuration .................................................174

Figure 97 MAC Table Flowchart ............................................................................ 176

Figure 98 MAC Table .............................................................................................177

Figure 99 ARP Table ............................................................................................. 179

Figure 100 Configure Clone .................................................................................. 180

Figure 101 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 249

Figure 102 Internet Options ................................................................................... 250

Figure 103 Internet Options .................................................................................... 251

Figure 104 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 252

Figure 105 Internet Options .................................................................................... 253

Figure 106 Security Settings - Java Scripting .........................................................254

Figure 107 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................ 255

Figure 108 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 256

List of Figures 22

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

23 List of Figures

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 42

Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 46

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 50

Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 51

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 51

Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................60

Table 7 Status: Port Details ....................................................................................62

Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 67

Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................... 69

Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 71

Table 11 IP Setup ................................................................................................... 73

Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 75

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................79

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................81

Table 15 VLAN Status: Detail .................................................................................82

Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 83

Table 17 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 85

Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 87

Table 19 Static MAC Forwarding ...........................................................................91

Table 20 Filtering ................................................................................................... 92

Table 21 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 94

Table 22 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 95

Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 96

Table 24 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 97

Table 25 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 100

Table 26 Broadcast Storm Control .........................................................................102

Table 27 Mirroring ..................................................................................................105

Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ..........................................................109

Table 29 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ...........................................................109

Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................... 109

Table 31 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ...................................110

Table 32 Supported VSA .......................................................................................113

Table 33 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ....................................................... 113

Table 34 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 114

Table 35 Port Authentication: RADIUS ..................................................................115

Table 36 Port Security ...........................................................................................119

Table 37 Port Security Example ............................................................................ 120

Table 38 Physical Queue Priority ........................................................................... 122

List of Tables 24

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 39 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 123

Table 40 Multicast Status ....................................................................................... 125

Table 41 Multicast Setting ...................................................................................... 126

Table 42 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile .............................................................. 128

Table 43 MVR ........................................................................................................ 131

Table 44 MVR: Group Configuration ......................................................................133

Table 45 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 138

Table 46 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 140

Table 47 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 141

Table 48 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ...........................................................................142

Table 49 Maintenance ........................................................................................... 144

Table 50 Filename Conventions ............................................................................148

Table 51 Access Control Overview ........................................................................ 150

Table 52 SNMP Commands ..................................................................................152

Table 53 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 152

Table 54 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 153

Table 55 Access Control: Logins ...........................................................................154

Table 56 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 161

Table 57 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 162

Table 58 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 164

Table 59 Syslog Severity Levels ............................................................................ 166

Table 60 Syslog ..................................................................................................... 167

Table 61 Syslog: Server Setup ..............................................................................168

Table 62 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .......................................170

Table 63 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................... 171

Table 64 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 173

Table 65 Clustering Management Configuration ...................................................174

Table 66 MAC Table ..............................................................................................177

Table 67 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 179

Table 68 Configure Clone ...................................................................................... 181

Table 69 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................... 186

Table 70 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 190

Table 71 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 191

Table 72 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 196

Table 73 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 205

Table 74 mvr Commands ....................................................................................... 208

Table 75 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 209

Table 76 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 248

Table 77 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 248

Table 78 Troubleshooting the Password ................................................................ 256

Table 79 General Product Specifications ...............................................................258

Table 80 Management Specifications .................................................................... 259

Table 81 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................. 259

25 List of Tables

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 82 Classes of IP Addresses ......................................................................... 263

Table 83 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ...................................................... 263

Table 84 “Natural” Masks ...................................................................................... 264

Table 85 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ........................................................... 264

Table 86 Two Subnets Example ............................................................................265

Table 87 Subnet 1 .................................................................................................. 265

Table 88 Subnet 2 .................................................................................................. 266

Table 89 Subnet 1 .................................................................................................. 266

Table 90 Subnet 2 .................................................................................................. 267

Table 91 Subnet 3 .................................................................................................. 267

Table 92 Subnet 4 .................................................................................................. 267

Table 93 Eight Subnets .......................................................................................... 268

Table 94 Class C Subnet Planning ........................................................................ 268

Table 95 Class B Subnet Planning ........................................................................269

List of Tables 26

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

27 List of Tables

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-2024 Series Ethernet Switch.

This preface introduces you to the ES-2024 Series Ethernet Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.

Note: Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and

information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for
North American products.

About This User's Guide

This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
ES-2024 seriesfor its various applications.

Related Documentation

• Web Configurator Online Help

Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.

• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site

Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.

Syntax Conventions

• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.

• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;

• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon,
Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your
mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem.

• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.

• The ES-2024 Series Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the switch” or “the device”
in this User’s Guide.

[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.

[ENTER] means the Enter, or

Preface 28

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Graphics Icons Key

ES-2024 Series Computer Server

Computer DSLAM Gateway

Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch

User Guide Feedback

Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to [e-mail] or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.

29 Preface

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.

1.1 Introduction

The switch is a stand-alone layer-2 Ethernet switch with 24 10/100Mbps ports and two Gigabit
Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The ES-2024PWR comes with the Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
feature.

With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, SSH (Secure SHell), any terminal emulator
program on the console port, or third-party SNMP management.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 1

1.2 Software Features

This section describes the general software features of the switch.

DHCP Client

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet
mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the
TCP/IP information.

VLAN

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

DiffServ Code Point (DSCP)

With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 30

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Queuing

Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each
individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.

Port Mirroring

Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one port to another port in order that you
can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to) without
interference.

Static Route

Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.

IGMP Snooping

The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to
be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network.

This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and simplifies multicast group management.

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

Link Aggregation

Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.

Bandwidth Control

• The switch supports rate limiting in 64 Kbps increments allowing you to create different
service plans.

31 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

• The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only
forwarded to ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.

• Broadcast storm control

Port Authentication and Security

For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.

Maintenance and Management Features

• Access Control

You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.

• Cluster Management

Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.

• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance

You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.

1.3 Hardware Features

This section describes the ports on the switch.

Ethernet Ports

The ports allow the switch to connect to another Ethernet devices.

Gigabit Ethernet Ports

The ports allow the switch to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other switches.

Mini-GBIC Slots

Install SPF transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.

Console Port

Use the console port for local management of the switch.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 32

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

The ES-2024PWR can provide power to a device (that supports PoE) such as an access point
or a switch through a 10/100Mbps Ethernet port.

1.4 Applications

This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.

1.4.1 Backbone Application

In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.

The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.

In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.

Figure 1 Backbone Application

1.4.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server

and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.

Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.

33 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Figure 2 Bridging Application

1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example

The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 34

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.

For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8, “VLAN,” on page 78.

1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example

Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.

Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application

1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example

Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.

35 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 36

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

37 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Hardware Installation and

This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.

2.1 Freestanding Installation

1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.

2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the

switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.

3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the

attachment of cables and the power cord.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 2

Connection

4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.

5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help

protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.

Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet

Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when

stacking.

For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 38

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

• Two mounting brackets.

• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.

2.2.1.1 Precautions

• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.

• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on

the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.

Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the switch.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the

switch.

4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the

rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.

39 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the rack.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 40

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

41 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Hardware Overview

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.

3.1 Front Panel Connection

The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.

Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-2024A

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 3

Console Port

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

Figure 10 Front Panel: ES-2024PWR

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.

Table 1 Front Panel

LABEL DESCRIPTION

CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line

interface (CLI) via the console port.

Gigabit Ethernet/
Mini-GBIC Ports

Console Port

Gigabit Ethernet/
Mini-GBIC Ports

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 42

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 1 Front Panel (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

24 10/100 Mbps
RJ-45 Ethernet
Ports

Gigabit
Ethernet/ mini
GBIC ports

Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.

Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.

Alternatively, use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to
backbone Ethernet switches

3.1.1 Console Port

For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:

• VT100 terminal emulation

• 9600 bps

• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit

• No flow control

Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports

The switch has 24 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/
100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.

There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled. The speed of the Gigabit
Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.

An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100Mpbs)
and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.

An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings

The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:

• Speed: Auto

• Duplex: Auto

43 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

• Flow control: off

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots

These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.

There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.

You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.

• Type: SFP connection interface

• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s

connectors.

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation

Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.

Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example

2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.

3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that

it is functioning properly.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 44

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 12 Installed Transceiver

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal

Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).

Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example

2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.

Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example

3.2 Rear Panel

The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The power receptacle is on the read
panel.

Figure 15 Rear Panel

3.2.1 Power Connector

Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.

45 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power
source.

3.3 LEDs

The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.

Table 2 LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

PWR Green On The system is turned on.

SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.

ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.

Ethernet Ports

LNK/ACT Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/100 Mbps

FDX/COL
(ES-2024A)

POE
(ES-

2024PWR)

Gigabit Ports

100/1000 Green On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.

Mini-GBIC Ports

LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Off The system is off.

On The system is on and functioning properly.

Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.

Off The system is functioning normally.

Ethernet network.

On The link to a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Amber Blinking The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and collisions

are occurring; the more collisions that occur the faster the LED
blinks.

On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.

Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no

collisions are occurring.

Amber On Power is supplied to the port.

Off Power is not supplied to the port.

Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

On The port has a connection to an Ethernet network but not

receiving or transmitting data.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 46

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 2 LEDs (continued)

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.

Off The port is not sending or receiving data.

47 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.

4.1 Introduction

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.

• JavaScript (enabled by default).

• Java permissions (enabled by default).

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 4

The Web Configurator

4.2 System Login

1 Start your web browser.

2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in

the Location or Address field. Press

3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default

password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.

Figure 16 Web Configurator: Login

4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

[ENTER].

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 48

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.

The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.

Figure 17 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)

A

B

C

D

E

The following describes the components in the web configurator screen.

A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.

B, C, D, E - These are the common links for all web configurator screens.

B - Click this link to save your configuration into the switch’s nonvolatile memory. Once

saved, the configuration of your switch stays the same even if the switch’s power is turned off.

C - Click this link to display the Status screen (or the home screen).

D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.

49 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.

4.3.1 Menu Overview

In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

BASIC SETTING

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 50

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.

Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details

BASIC SETTING

System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

VLAN

VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting

Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol

Status

Spanning Tree

Protocol

Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm

Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation

Link Aggregation

Protocol Status

Configuration
Port Authentication

RADIUS

802.1x
Port Security
Queuing Method
Multicast

Status
Multicast Setting
IGMP Filtering

Profile
MVR

Group Configuration

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Static Routing
DiffServ

DSCP Setting

Maintenance

Firmware Upgrade
Restore

Configuration
Backup

Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System

Access Control

SNMP
Logins
Service Access

Control
Remote

Management
Diagnostic
Syslog

Syslog Setup

Syslog Server Setup
Cluster Management

Cluster

Management Status

Cluster

Management

Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table

Configure Clone

The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links

LINK DESCRIPTION

Basic Settings

System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system information. On the ES-

General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification

Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such

51 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

2024PWR, you can also view the hardware monitoring and PoE information.

information about the switch.

as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the management IP

address, subnet mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name
server).

Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch

ports.

Advanced
Application

VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN

(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).

Static MAC
Forwarding

Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.

Spanning Tree
Protocol

Bandwidth
Control

Broadcast Storm
Control

Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to

Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to

Port
Authentication

Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and

Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure SPQ or WFQ with

Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features

IP Application

Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route

DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ and set DSCP-to-

Advanced
Management

Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration

Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password

Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).

Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log

This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.

This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).

This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.

another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference

form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.

set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.

associated queue weights for each port.

and create multicast VLANs.

defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.

IEEE802.1p mappings.

file maintenance as well as reboot the system.

and configure SNMP and remote management.

server.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 52

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

Cluster
Management

MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)

ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP

Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can clone port attributes of a port and

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.

of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

address resolution table.

transfer them to other port(s).

4.3.2 Change Your Password

After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.

Figure 18 Change Administrator Login Password

4.4 Saving Your Configuration

When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is
turned off.

Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the switch’s storage that
remains even if the switch’s power is turned off.

Note: Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.

53 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

4.5 Switch Lockout

You could block yourself (and all others) from accessing the switch through the web
configurator if you do one of the following:

1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).

2 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the

management port of the switch.

3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.

4 Disabling all ports.

5 Misconfiguring the text configuration file.

6 Forgetting the password and/or IP address.

7 Preventing all services from accessing the switch.

8 Changing a service port number but forgetting it.

Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

4.6 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) out of the switch, you can try accessing via the console port.
If you still cannot correct the situation or forgot the password, you will need to reload the
factory-default configuration file.

4.6.1 Reload the Factory-default Configuration File

Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.

To upload the factory-default configuration file, do the following:

1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See

Section 3.1.1 on page 43 for details.

2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the

switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.

3 When you see the message “

seconds ...

” press any key to enter debug mode.

Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3

4 Type

5 Wait for the “

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 54

atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.

Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM

upload on your terminal.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

6 After the factory-default configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the switch.

Figure 19 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port

Bootbase Version: V1.07 | 04/20/2005 13:38:02
RAM: Size = 32768 Kbytes
FLASH: AMD 32M *1

ZyNOS Version: V3.70(TX.0)| 07/11/2006 19:59:04
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.

....................

Enter Debug Mode
ES-2024A> atlc

Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..

................................................................

OK
ES-2024A> atgo

The switch is now reinitialized with the factory-default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.

Figure 20 Web Configurator: Logout Screen

4.8 Help

The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.

Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.

55 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.

5.1 Overview

The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:

• Create a VLAN

• Set port VLAN ID

• Configure the switch IP management address

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 5

Initial Setup Example

5.1.1 Creating a VLAN

VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.

In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.

Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN

1 Click Advanced Application

and VLAN in the navigation
panel and click the Static
VLAN link.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 56

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

2 In the Static VLAN screen,

select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN

Group ID field for the
VLAN2 network.

Note: The VLAN Group ID field

in this screen and the VID
field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same
VLAN ID.

3 Since the VLAN2 network is

connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to
configure port 10 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.

4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames

properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.

5 Click Add to create the static VLAN and click the Save button to save the settings.

5.1.2 Setting Port VID

Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.

In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID

57 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

1 Click Advanced

Applications and VLAN

in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.

2 Enter 2 in the PVID field

for port 10 and click
Apply to set the VLAN
port setting and click the
Save button to save the
settings.

5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP
address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.

Figure 23 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address

1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is

in the same subnet as the switch.

2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar

to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 48 for more information.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 58

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

3 Click Basic Setting and IP

Setup in the navigation panel.

4 Configure the related fields in the

IP Setup screen.

For the VLAN2 network, enter

192.168.2.1 as the IP address and

255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.

5 In the VID field, enter the ID of

the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP address
to belong. This is the same as the
VLAN ID you configure in the
Static VLAN screen.

6 Click Add.

59 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

System Status and Port

This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.

6.1 Port Status Summary

The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to
each port showing statistical details.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 6

Statistics

To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.

Figure 24 Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 6 Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details

screen (refer to Figure 25 on page 62).

Name This field displays the descriptive port name for identification purposes. This field

displays the first eight characters of the port name.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 60

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 6 Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or another

State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the

PD This field is available on ES-2024PWR.

LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has

Clear Counter To erase statistical information of a port, select and enter the port number in the Port

value depending on the uplink module being used) and the duplex (F for full duplex
or H for half duplex).

port (see Section 11.2 on page 95 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it

displays STOP.

This fields displays whether PoE (Power over Ethernet) is enabled (On) or disabled
(Off) on this port.

enabled on the port.

been up.

field and click Clear Counter.
To erase statistical information of all ports, select Any and click Clear Counter.

6.1.1 Status: Port Details

Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.

61 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

Figure 25 Status: Port Details

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 7 Status: Port Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port Info

Port NO. This field displays the port index number.

Name This field displays the descriptive port name for identification purposes.

Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex

Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the

PD
PowerConsumption
(mW)

PD MaxCurrent
(mA)

PD MaxPower
(mW)

mode.

port (see Section 11.2 on page 95 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it

displays STOP.

This field is available on ES-2024PWR.
This field shows the power consumption of the powered device connected to the

port.

This field is available on ES-2024PWR.
This field shows the maximum current a powered device can get from the switch.

This field is available on ES-2024PWR.
This field shows the maximum power the switch can provide through this port.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 62

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.

Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.

TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.

Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.

RX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.

TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.

Single This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is

Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission was

Excessive This is a count of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.

Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the

Error Packet

RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant

Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than

Distribution

64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that

65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that

transmitted.

received.

inhibited by exactly one collision.

inhibited by more than one collision.

Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.

frame have already been transmitted.

Check) error(s).

64 octets), including the ones with CRC errors.

were 64 octets in length.

were between 65 and 127 octets in length.

63 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that

were between 128 and 255 octets in length.

256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that

were between 256 and 511 octets in length.

512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that

were between 512 and 1023 octets in length.

1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that

were between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.

Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than

the maximum frame size.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 64

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

65 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.

7.1 Overview

The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information. The General Setup screen allows you to
configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen also allows
you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an external server
when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch logs. The Switch
Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The IP Setup screen
allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask(s) and DNS (domain name server)
for management purposes.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 7

Basic Setting

7.2 System Information

In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can also check the firmware version number in this screen.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 66

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 26 System Info (ES-2024)

Figure 27 System Info (ES-2024PWR)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 8 System Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.

ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on

Ethernet
Address

PoE Status

Total Power
(W)

Consuming
Power (W)

Allocated
Power (W)

This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.

This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.

This field displays the total power the switch can provide to the connected PoE­enabled devices on the PoE ports.

This field displays the amount of power the switch is currently supplying to the
connected PoE-enabled devices.

This field displays the total amount of power the switch has reserved for PoE after
negotiating with the connected PoE device(s).

67 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 8 System Info (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Remaining
Power (W)

This field displays the amount of power the switch can still provide for PoE.

Note: The switch must have at least 16W of remaining power in order

to supply power to a PoE device; even if the PoE device
requested for a lower power supply than 16W.

Hardware Monitor

Temperature
Unit

Temperature CPU, MAC and LOCAL refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the circuit

Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.

MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.

MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.

Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.

Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those

Fan Speed
(RPM)

Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).

MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.

Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error

Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and

Current This is the current voltage reading.

MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.

MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.

Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the switch still

Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this

The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.

board.

above.
If Error displays, check that the fans are working and make sure that you do not block

ventilation holes on the switch.

A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.

(RPM).

(RPM).

indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
If Error displays, it is recommended that the fan(s) on the switch be replaced by a

qualified technician.

reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.

works.

point; otherwise Error is displayed.
If Error displays, an electronic component might be defective. Have the switch

serviced by a qualified technician.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 68

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

7.3 General Setup

Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time.

Figure 28 General Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 9 General Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to

64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.

Location Enter the geographic location (up to 32 characters) of your switch.

Contact Person's
Name

Login
Precedence

Enter the name (up to 32 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.

Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).

Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.

Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.

Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.

Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username, password and the access privilege.

69 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 9 General Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Use Time Server
when Bootup

Time Server IP
Address

Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).

New Time
(hh:min:ss)

Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.

New Date (yyyy­mm-dd)

Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Enter the time service protocol that a timeserver sends when you turn on the switch.
Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.

When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.

Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.

NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the

switch, the time and date will be reset to 2000-1-1 0:0.

Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.

Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.

Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.

known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

7.4 Introduction to VLANs

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.

VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 70

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.

See Chapter 8 on page 78 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

7.5 Switch Setup Screen

Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port

Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.

Figure 29 Switch Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 10 Switch Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on

whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 78 for more information.

MAC Address
Learning

Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC

GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.

Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each

71 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.

addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).

port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background
information.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.

Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer.

Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in

milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.

Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that

contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.

The switch has four physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.

Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).

Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.

Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the

Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.

Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems

Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include

Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.

Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that

Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

variations in delay).

Network Architecture) transactions.

important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.

are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

7.6 IP Setup

Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add switch management IP address.

7.6.1 Management IP Addresses

The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 72

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).

Note: You must configure a VLAN first.

Figure 30 IP Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Tabl e 11 IP Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Domain
Name Server

Default Management IP Address
Configure the fields to set the default management IP address.

DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP address

Static IP
Address

IP
Address

IP Subnet
Mask

73 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.

and subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address.

Select this option if you don't have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select
this option.

Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.

Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example

255.255.255.0.

Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Default
Gateway

VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address. This is the

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Management IP Addresses
Configure the fields to set additional management IP address.

IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN specified in

IP Subnet
Mask

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Index This field displays the index number of an entry.

IP Address This field displays the management IP address of the switch.

IP Subnet
Mask

VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.

Default
Gateway

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254

VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by
default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device
from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot
access the device. To access the switch make sure the port that you are connected to is
a member of Management VLAN.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

the VID field below.

Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. For example, 255.255.255.0.

bottom of the screen.
The switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on

the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

This field displays the subnet mask for the corresponding IP address.

This field displays the IP address of default gateway.

7.7 Port Setup

Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration
screen. Use this screen to configure switch port settings.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 74

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 31 Port Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 12 Port Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port This is the port index number.

* Use this row to configure all the ports at once.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A

port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.

Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-

numerical characters.

Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in

some web configurator screens.

Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet connection and 10/100/1000M for the

Gigabit Ethernet/ mini-GBIC ports.

Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.

For Ethernet ports, select Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half
Duplex or 100M/Full Duplex.

For the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports, select Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full
Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex or 1000M/Full Duplex.

Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.

75 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 12 Port Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer

memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.

The switch uses IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.

IEEE 802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.

Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.

802.1P Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 71 for more information.

PD This field is only available on the ES-2024PWR but not available for the Gigabit or

PD Priority This field is only available on the ES-2024PWR but not available for the Gigabit or

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

mini-GBIC ports.
A powered device (PD) is a device such as an access point or a switch, that supports

PoE (Power over Ethernet) so that it can receive power from another device through a
10/100Mbps Ethernet port.

Select the check box to allow a powered device (connected to the port) to receive
power from the switch.

mini-GBIC ports.
When the total power requested by the PDs exceeds the total PoE power budget on

the switch, you can set the PD priority to allow the switch to provide power to ports
with higher priority.

Select Critical to give the highest PD priority on the port.
Select High to set the switch to assign the remaining power to the port after all critical

priority ports are served.
Select Low to set the switch to assign the remaining power to the port after all the

critical and high priority ports are served.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 76

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

77 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 8

The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN

A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).

VLAN

The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.

TPID
2 Bytes

User Priority
3 Bits

CFI
1 Bit

VLAN ID
12 bits

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames

Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.

A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.

Chapter 8 VLAN 78

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration

GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.

8.2.1 GARP

GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de­register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers

Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.

8.2.2 GVRP

GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.

Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology

VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.

VLAN Administrative
Control

VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing

Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/

deregistration process.

Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.

Registration
Forbidden

Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.

Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing

Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.

frames transmitted.

frames transmitted.

79 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)

VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that

Acceptable frame
type

Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking

Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.

Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

this port received.

You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.

that do not have this port as a member

Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking

8.4 Select the VLAN Type

1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.

Chapter 8 VLAN 80

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type

8.5 Static VLAN

Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be

• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.

• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.

• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.

You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status

Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen. Refer to Section 8.1 on page 78 for more information on static VLAN.

Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

The Number of
VLAN

Index This is the VLAN index number. Click an index number to display detailed VLAN

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.

status.

screen.

81 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,

Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information

8.5.2 VLAN Detail

Click an index number in the VLAN Status screen to display the VLAN Detail screen. Use this
screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. Refer to Section 8.1 on

page 78 for more information on static VLAN.

Figure 35 VLAN Status: Detail

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

VLAN was set up.

static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).

cannot be seen in one screen.

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 15 VLAN Status: Detail

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

screen.

Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is

marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

VLAN was set up.

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,

static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).

8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN

To configure a static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen. Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the switch. Refer
to Section 8.1 on page 78 for more information on static VLAN.

Chapter 8 VLAN 82

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 36 VLAN: Static VLAN

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.

Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.

VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.

Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.

* Use this row to configure all the ports at once.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is

the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.

Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with

this VLAN Group ID.

83 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.

The switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link
on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when
you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the

VLAN settings.

Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. Refer to Section 8.1 on page 78 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN
Port Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.

Figure 37 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Chapter 8 VLAN 84

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 17 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION

GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a

Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port (1 to 26) to communicate only with the CPU

Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering on the switch.

Port This field displays the port number.

* Use this row to configure all the ports at once.

PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.

GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.

Acceptable Frame
Type

VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.

way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.

Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.

management port and the uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This
option is the most limiting but also the most secure.

Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering the switch.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag On ly.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on

this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will

be dropped.

ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.

8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup

Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.

Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.

85 Chapter 8 VLAN

Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.

Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.

You cannot change it.

In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.

The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.

8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN

Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (see Figure 33 on page 81)
and then click VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.

Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Chapter 8 VLAN 86

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.

All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no

virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.

Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.

After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.

Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through

which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.

87 Chapter 8 VLAN

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through

which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.

Chapter 8 VLAN 88

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

89 Chapter 8 VLAN

CHAPTER 9

Static MAC Forwarding

Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.

9.1 Static MAC Forwarding Overview

A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.

Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 118 for more information
on port security.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding

Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.

Figure 40 Static MAC Forwarding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding 90

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 19 Static MAC Forwarding

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule

Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address

MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Port Enter the number of a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will

Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.

Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or

Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC

MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification

VID This field displays the VLAN identification number.

Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

without deleting it by clearing this check box.

forwarding rule.

character pairs.

Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.

be automatically forwarded.

The switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link
on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when
you are done configuring.

not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.

address-forwarding rule.

number to which the MAC address belongs.

forwarded.

91 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding

This chapter discusses static IP and MAC address port filtering.

10.1 Filtering Overview

Port filtering means discarding (or dropping) packets based on the MAC addresses and VLAN
group.

10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule

Click Advanced Application and Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown next.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 10

Filtering

Figure 41 Filtering

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 20 Filtering

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate

a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.

Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for

identification purpose only.

MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character

VID Type the VLAN group identification number.

pairs.

Chapter 10 Filtering 92

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 20 Filtering (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the

bottom of the screen.
The switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on

the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.

Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the

settings.

Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose

only.

MAC
Address

VID This field displays the ID of the VLAN to which this filter applies.

Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.

This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification
number to which the MAC address belongs.

Delete button.

93 Chapter 10 Filtering

Spanning Tree Protocol

This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP).

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

The switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STP­only aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 11

Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.

11.1.1 STP Terminology

The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).

Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.

Table 21 STP Path Costs

LINK SPEED RECOMMENDED VALUE

Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535

Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535

Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535

Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535

Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535

Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535

RECOMMENDED
RANGE

ALLOWED RANGE

Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 94

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.

For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.

11.1.2 How STP Works

After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.

STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.

Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.

11.2 STP Port States

STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.

Table 22 STP Port States

PORT STATE DESCRIPTION

Disabled STP is disabled (default).

Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.

Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.

Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the

learning process but not forwarded.

Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and

forwarded.

11.3 STP Status

Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next. Refer to Section 11.1 on page 94 for more information on STP
(Spanning Tree Protocol).

95 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol

Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Spanning Tree
Protocol

Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 11.4 on page 96.

Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this

Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC

Hello Time
(second)

Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a

Forwarding Delay
(second)

Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.

Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch

Topology Changed
Times

Time Since Last
Change

This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.

switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.

address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.

This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and

Forwarding Delay

configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.

This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).

must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.

This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.

This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.

11.4 Configuring STP

To configure STP, click the Configuration link in the Spanning Tree Protocol screen as
shown next. Refer to Section 11.1 on page 94 for more information on STP (Spanning Tree
Protocol).

Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 96

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Figure 43 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 24 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Status Click Status to display the Spanning Tree Protocol Status screen (see Figure 42

Active Select this check box to activate STP. Clear this checkbox to disable STP.

Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port.

Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units)

Max Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU

on page 96).

The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root
switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC
address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list
box.

The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time,

Max Age and Forwarding Delay.

configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10
seconds.

before attempting to reconfigure. All switch ports (except for designated ports)
should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information
(provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it
is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the switch ports attached to
the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.

97 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

Table 24 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Forwarding Delay This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch will wait before changing states.

This delay is required because every switch must receive information about
topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs
time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state;
otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30
seconds.

As a general rule:

Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)

Port This field displays the port number.

* Use this row to configure all the ports at once.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Active Select this check box to activate STP on this port.

Priority Configure the priority for each port here.

Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a
loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The
allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.

Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

assigned according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher
the cost - see Table 21 on page 94 for more information.

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.

Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 98

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

99 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol

Bandwidth Control

This chapter shows you how you can cap the maximum bandwidth using the Bandwidth
Control screen.

12.1 Bandwidth Control Setup

Bandwidth control means defining a maximum allowable bandwidth for incoming and/or out­going traffic flows on a port.

Click Advanced Application and then Bandwidth Control in the navigation panel to bring
up the screen as shown next.

ES-2024 Series User’s Guide

CHAPTER 12

Figure 44 Bandwidth Control

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 25 Bandwidth Control

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select this check box to enable bandwidth control on the switch.

Port This field displays the port number.

Chapter 12 Bandwidth Control 100