ZTE CBTSI18A Users Manual

ZXC10 CBTS

cdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station

Technical Manual

Version 1.0

ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: [phone] 800-9830-9830
Fax: [phone]
URL: http://support.zte.com.cn
E-mail: [e-mail]

LEGAL INFORMATION

Copyright © 2005 ZTE CORPORATION.

The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties. Any reproduction or distribution of
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obligations.

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CORPORATION or of their respective owners.

This document is provided “as is”, and all express, implied, or statutory warranties, representations or conditions are
disclaimed, including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title or non­infringement. ZTE CORPORATION and its licensors shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on
the information contained herein.

ZTE CORPORATION or its licensors may have current or pending intellectual property rights or applications covering the
subject matter of this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license between ZTE CORPORATION and its
licensee, the user of this document shall not acquire any license to the subject matter herein.

The contents of this document and all policies of ZTE CORPORATION, including without limitation policies related to support
or training are subject to change without notice.

Revision History

Date Revision No. Serial No. Description

2005/05/01 R1.0 Sjzl20051666

ZTE CORPORATION
Values Your Comments & Suggestions!

Your opinion is of great value and will help us improve the quality of our product

documentation and offer better services to our customers.

Please fax to: (86) 755-26772236; or mail to Publications R&D Department, ZTE
CORPORATION, ZTE Plaza, A Wing, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Shenzhen, P. R. China 518057.

Thank you for your cooperation!

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FCC & IC STATEMENT

Before using this product, read this important RF energy awareness and
control information and operational instructions to ensure compliance with
the FCC and IC RF exposure guidelines.

NOTICE: Working with the equipment while in operation, may expose the
technician to RF electromagnetic fields that exceed FCC rules for human
exposure. Visit the FCC website at www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety

to learn more

about the effects of exposure to RF electromagnetic fields.

Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance will void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment. Any change to the equipment will void FCC and IC grant.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class A digital device, pursuant to the FCC and IC Rules. This equipment
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation.

For OUTDOOR use, a PNALE Antenna with a maximum gain of 17dBi is
authorized for use with this unit. Outside antennas must be positioned to
observe minimum separation of 3.0M (9.84 feet.) for 800MHz unit and

2.5M (8.2 feet.) for 1900MHz unit from all users and bystanders. For the
protection of personnel working in the vicinity of outside (uplink) antennas,
the following guidelines for minimum distances between the human body
and the antenna must be observed.

The installation of an OUTDOOR antenna must be such that, under normal
conditions, all personnel cannot come within 3.0M (9.84 feet.)for 800MHz
unit and 2.5M (8.2 feet.) for 1900MHz unit from the outside antenna.
Exceeding this minimum separation will ensure that the worker or
bystander does not receive RF-exposure beyond the Maximum Permissible
Exposure according to section 1.1310 i.e. limits for Controlled Exposure.

This page is intentionally blank.

Contents

About this Manual .....................................................................................xi

Purpose of This Manual .......................................................................................... xi

How to Use This Manual ......................................................................................... xi

Typographical Conventions.....................................................................................xii

How to Get in Touch ..............................................................................................xii

Customer Support ..................................................................................................................xii

Documentation Support ..........................................................................................................xii

Chapter 1................................................................................... 13

System Overview .................................................................................... 13

Position of BTS in the CDMA System ...................................................................... 14

System Features .................................................................................................. 16

Multiple Frequency Bands Supported...................................................................................... 16

Large Capacity ......................................................................................................................16

Compactness ........................................................................................................................16

Technological Advantages ...................................................................................................... 16

High Reliability ...................................................................................................................... 17

Flexible Networking ............................................................................................................... 17

Smooth Expansion and Upgrade ............................................................................................17

Easy Operation and Maintenance ........................................................................................... 18

Functions ............................................................................................................. 19

International Standards Followed by BTS................................................................ 20

Chapter 2................................................................................... 22

BTS Hardware.......................................................................................... 22

Hardware Structure .............................................................................................. 23

BTS Physical Structure ........................................................................................................... 23

Logical Structure ...................................................................................................................24

List of All BTS Boards.............................................................................................................25

BDS .................................................................................................................... 26

BDS Schematic Diagram........................................................................................................ 26

BDS Working Principle ...........................................................................................................27

Technological Advantages of BDS........................................................................................... 27

BDS Hardware Configuration .................................................................................................28

RFS ..................................................................................................................... 30

RFS Schematic Diagram ........................................................................................................31

RFS Working Principle............................................................................................................31

Technological Advantages of RFS ...........................................................................................32

Hardware Configuration ......................................................................................................... 33

PWS .................................................................................................................... 34

PWS Schematic Diagram .......................................................................................................34

PWS Working Principle...........................................................................................................35

Hardware Configuration ......................................................................................................... 35

Chapter 3................................................................................... 36

BTS Software ........................................................................................... 36

BTS Software Overview......................................................................................... 37

CCM Software ...................................................................................................... 39

CHM0 Software .................................................................................................... 40

CHM1 Software .................................................................................................... 41

RMM Software ...................................................................................................... 42

TRX Software ....................................................................................................... 43

Chapter 4................................................................................... 44

BTS Networking and Configuration ........................................................ 44

Networking through Abis Interface ......................................................................... 45

BTS Networking.................................................................................................... 47

LS Mode ...............................................................................................................................48

RS Mode ...............................................................................................................................49

LEA Mode.............................................................................................................................. 49

LEB Mode.............................................................................................................................. 51

RE Mode ............................................................................................................................... 52

ME Mode...............................................................................................................................53

BTS Configuration................................................................................................. 53

BDS Configuration .................................................................................................................53

RFS Configuration .................................................................................................................54

PWS Configuration ................................................................................................................54

Chapter 5................................................................................... 55

Technical Indices..................................................................................... 55

Environment Indices ............................................................................................. 56

Performance Indices .............................................................................................58

Reliability ..............................................................................................................................58

Interface ............................................................................................................................... 58

Capacity................................................................................................................................ 58

Frequency Band ....................................................................................................................58

Specs of Bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz .................................................................... 58

Specs of 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz ................................................................................................61

Clock ....................................................................................................................................62

Noise ....................................................................................................................................63

Appendix A................................................................................ 65

Abbreviations .......................................................................................... 65

Figures.......................................................................................... 71

Tables ........................................................................................... 73

This page is intentionally blank.

About this Manual

Purpose of This Manual

Current radio mobile networks include CDMA and GSM systems, both are
on the way to evolving into 3G radio mobile networks. The purpose of this
book is to provide a clear understanding of the technology adopted in 3rd­generaton (3G) networks and build a systematic understanding of the
working principles, performance indices, hardware structure and system
configuration of ZTE 3G cdma2000 compact-model base station
transceiver. This book is intended to help readers make better use of other
relevant product literature and lay the foundation for system operation
and maintenance.

The all-IP base station mentioned in this manual refers to the base station
of cdma2000 system.

In this book, ZXC10 CBTS is briefed as BTS, ZXC10 BSCB, as BSC and
ZXC10 BSSB, as BSS.

How to Use This Manual

This manual consists of five chapters:

Chapter 1 System Overview

It describes the position and functions of the BTS in the CDMA system and
presents the standards followed by ZXC-BTS.

Chapter 2 Hardware

It describes the overall hardware structure and module functions of the
BTS.

Chapter 3 Software

It describes the software structure and function modules of the software in
BTS.

Chapter 4 Networking and Configuration

It describes the connection, networking modes and configurations of BTS.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Chapter 5 Technical Indices

It describes briefly the performance indices of BTS.

Appendix A Abbreviations

It lists the abbreviations used in this manual and other common ones
concerning CDMA topics.

Typographical Conventions

ZTE documents employ with the following typographical conventions.

T YPOGRAPHICAL C ONVENTIONS

Typeface Meaning

Italics

References to other guides and documents.

Note: Provides additional information about a certain topic.

How to Get in Touch

The following sections provide information on how to obtain support for
the documentation and the software.

Customer Support

If you have problems, questions, comments, or suggestions regarding
your product, contact us by e-mail at [e-mail]. You can also
call our customer support center at (86) 755 26771900 and (86) 800­9830-9830.

Documentation Support

ZTE welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and
usefulness of this document. For further questions, comments, or
suggestions on the documentation, you can contact us by e-mail at
[e-mail]; or you can fax your comments and suggestions to (86)
755 26772236. You can also explore our website at
http://support.zte.com.cn, which contains various interesting subjects like
documentation, knowledge base, forum and service request.

xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1

System Overview

In this chapter, you will learn about:

 Position of BTS in the CDMA system

 Architecture, functions and features of BTS

 Standards followed by BTS

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 13

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Position of BTS in the CDMA
System

The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) connects a Mobile Station (MS) to the
mobile network in a mobile communications system through its radio
interface functionalities. It best reflects the radio transmission features in
a CDMA system.

BTSB (all-IP BTS), developed by ZTE Corporation, is an IP-based new
generation BTS that is designed to fill in the varying needs of our
customers. It features large capacity, abundant transmission modes and
high adaptability.

An all-IP network is made up of three parts: MS (Mobile Station), RAN
(Radio Access Network) and CN (Core Network).

 MS: A mobile phone, mobile station or mobile terminal;

 RAN: Located between MS and CN and connects these two parts. It

processes radio signals and consists of two parts: BSCB/PCF/IWF
(combined as BSCB) and BTS;

 CN: Provides authentication at the network side and interfaces with a

public network.

As a member of the BTSB family, ZXC10 CBTS is special for its compact
structure, in addition to other advantages such as large capacity and high
integration level.

The position of BTS in Base Station Subsystem (BSS) is shown in Fig. 1.

F IG. 1 P OSITION OF BTS IN BSS

A

interface

MSC

SS7

PSTN

network

MS

95 MS

MS

1X MS

Um

Abis

BTS

BSC

MS

1X DO

MS RAN

14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

BTS

PDSN

CN

IP

network

Chapter 1 - System Overview

As seen from the diagram, BTS is located between mobile stations (MSs)
and the Base Station Controller (BSC). It encodes, decodes, modulates
and demodulates CDMA signals, performs up-conversion and down­conversion for subscriber data, amplifies RF power, and transmits /
receives radio signals.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 15

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

System Features

Multiple Frequency Bands Supported

BTS supports frequency bands of 450 MHz, 800 MHz, 850 MHz, 1900 MHz
and 2100 MHz, as shown in Table 1.

T ABLE 1 FREQUENCY B ANDS S UPPORTED BY BTS

Serial
No.

1 800 MHz (Band Class 0) 824~849 869~894

2 1900 MHz (Band Class 1) 1850~1910 1930~1990

3 450 MHz (Band Class 5) 450~457.5 460~467.5

4 2100 MHz (Band Class 6) 1920~1980 2110~2170

5 850 MHz (Band Class 10) 806~821 851~866

Frequency Band

Upper Frequency
Limit (MHz)

Lower Frequency
Limit (MHz)

Large Capacity

 The LRFS (Local RFS) in one cabinet supports up to 12 carrier sectors

and another 12 carrier sectors by connecting an RRFS (Remote RFS).

 Two combined BTS cabinets support up to 8-carrier 3-sector or 4-

carrier 6-sector configuration, and another 8-carrier 3-sector or 4­carrier 6-sector configuration by connecting an RRFS.

 One BDS supports at least 4-carrier 3-sector configuration (CE

resource of 4-carrier 3-sector for EV-DO, and 8-carrier 3-sector or 4­carrier 6-sector for 1X).

 The large capacity advantage of BTS allows for less BTS needed for

traffic-hot areas, and in turn saves investment in transmission device,
equipment room, power supply and telecom towers.

Compactness

 The compact BTS, as its name implies, is small in size and one cabinet

(W700 × H800 × D800, unit: mm) has only two shelves. It is actually
the smallest BTS ever produced by the industry.

 The compactness advantage plus high capacity requires less space for

installing the BTS and also other auxiliary equipment.

Technological Advantages

 Support smooth evolution to 1X EV-DV and CDMA2000-3X.

 Employ all-IP architecture with large switching capacity, high QoS

guarantee and robust reliability.

16 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1 - System Overview

 Adopt the IP-based cUDP/PPPMux/MultilinkPPP for its Abis interface for

higher transmission efficiency at a lower cost.

 Use the multi-frequency digital intermediate frequency technology to

make do with less RF modules.

 Support transmission diversity, intelligent antenna and linear pre-

distortion amplifier.

 High channel efficiency.

 Support different configurations such as 4-carrier 3-sector, 2-carrier 6-

sector and 1-carrier 12-sector.

 Adopt high reuse-efficiency transmission system between its BDS and

RFS subsystems and data of 24 carrier sectors can be transmitted over
one fibre pair.

 Support dynamic downloading of board software, making upgrade and

maintenance convenient.

High Reliability

 Advanced EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) and EMI

(Electromagnetic Interference) design.

 The RRFS supports ring networking through fibres and link backup for

switchover when necessary. Link switchover is independent of board
switchover to enhance transmission reliability.

 The clock system is compatible with the GPS and GLONASS system.

 All important boards are configured in 1+1 hot backup mode.

 The GCM provides reliable clock for a short term and ensures the

locked status of clock during 72 hours after the GPS synchronous
signal is lost.

Flexible Networking

Abis interface for flexible networking:

 Support Ethernet direct connection for when BTS and BSC are installed

in the same room or not far from each other.

 Support star, chain, tree and ring networking.

 Support 75 Ω / 120 Ω E1 interface, 100Ω T1 interface, and built-in

SDH transmission interface.

 The BTS can use 220V AC or –48V DC and it has the built-in primary

power supply.

Smooth Expansion and Upgrade

 All boards support hot swapping, convenient for online upgrade and

maintenance.

 The Channel Module (CHM) can be configured easily as a subcard.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 17

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

 One BDS supports up to 24 carrier sectors and more BDS shelves can

be added to expand capacity.

 Capacity can be expanded with more channel modules and RF modules.

 Support RRFS with multiple sectors.

 Support CHM configuration of different scales in 1X system, as well as

mixed configuration EV-DO and EV-DV CHMs.

Easy Operation and Maintenance

 Support order wire phone from a BTS to its BSC or to another BTS

through the network management access of SDH.

 The RRFS is also available with an orderwire interface for

communicating with the BDS and BSC.

 Provide online test and performance evaluation for the BTS through its

BTM (BTS Test Module).

 Support local operation & maintenance of BTS through its 10M

Ethernet test port to control BDS and RFS, test their functions and
collect their performance parameters.

 Support online upgrade. Support remote downloading of logic, MCU

MCU program, BOOT program and FLASH file.

 Provide graphical user interface for easy operation and maintenance.

The interface shows the topology maps, tool bars and real rack layout.

18 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1 - System Overview

Functions

BTS functions as a bridge connecting mobile stations to BSC in the CDMA
system. Details are given below:

 BTS communicates with MS (mobile station) through a CDMA air

interface.

 BTS communicates with BSC (Base Station Controller) through an Abis

interface.

 In the forward link, BTS first receives data from BSC through the Abis

interface, then encodes and modulates the data, next converts
baseband signals into radio frequency signals, finally transmits them
through a power amplifier, the radio frequency front end (RFE) and an
antenna.

 In the reverse link, BTS first receives weak radio signals through the

antenna feeder and RFE. The signals then undergo low noise
amplification, down frequency conversion, and decoding and
demodulation. Finally, BTS sends the data through the Abis interface to
BSC.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 19

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

International Standards Followed
by BTS

1. 3GPP2 C.S0002-A version 6.0 (IS-2000 Release A).

2. 3GPP2 A.S0001-A version 2.0 (3G-IOSv4.1).

3. 3GPP2 A.S0011-A v1.0 (3G-IOS v4.3).

4. ANSI J-STD-008, Personal Station-Base Station Compatibility
Requirement for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Personal Communications System, 1996.

5. TIA/EIA/TSB-74, Support for 14.4 Kbps Data Rate and PCS Interaction
for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System, 1995.

6. TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard
for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems.

7. TIA/EIA/IS-95, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for
Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems.

8. TIA/EIA/IS-637 Short Message Services for Wideband Spread
Spectrum Cellular Systems, 1997.

9. TIA/EIA/IS-127, Enhanced Variable Rate Codec Speech Service Option
3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems, 1996.

10. TIA/EIA/IS-658, Data Service Interworking Function Interface for
Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems.

11. CDG RF36, Markov Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum
Communications Sytems.

12. TIA/EIA/IS-725, Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile Stations in
Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1997.

13. TIA/EIA/IS-728, Inter-System Link Protocol.

14. TIA/EIA/IS-733, High Rate Speech Service Option 17 for Wideband
Spread Spectrum Communication Systems.

15. TIA/EIA/IS-707, Data Service Options for Wideband Spread Spectrum
Systems, 1998.

16. TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-2 Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum
Systems Addendum 2, 2000.

17. ITU-T Q.714 Signaling connection control part (SCCP).

18. ITU-T Q.704 Signal link (MTP3).

19. ITU-T Q.703 Signal link (MTP2).

20. 3GPP2 C.S0024, cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface
Specification，December 2001.

21. 3GPP2 A.S0007, 1xEV-DO Inter-Operability Specification (IOS) for
cdma2000 Access Network Interface, June 2001.

20 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1 - System Overview

22. 3GPP2 C.S0029, Test Application Specification (TAS) for High Rate
Packet Data Air Interface, July 2001.

23. TIA/EIA/IS-97D，Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for
Base Stations Supporting Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems, 2001.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 21

Chapter 2

BTS Hardware

In this chapter, you will learn about:

 Hardware structure

 Composition of subsystems

 Features and functions of each subsystem

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 22

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

Hardware Structure

A BTS is made up of BDS, RFS and PWS (optional) in terms of hardware.
Physically, they are racks, shelves and boards.

The hardware structure of BTS can be seen either from a physical or
logical point of view. This chapter describes the hardware structure of BTS,
however, for more information on the boards, please refer to ZXC10 CBTS
(V1.0) cdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station Hardware Manual.

BTS Physical Structure

Fig. 2 shows the physical structure of a BTS cabinet.

F IG. 2 BTS PHYSICAL S TRUCTURE

RPD

C

C

C
H
M

C

C

C

D

H

C

C

S

M

M

M

M

L
P
A

L
P
A

S
N

M

G
C
M

B

IM

L
P
A

T

T

T

R
M
M

R

H
M

H
M

P

I

M

I

M

R
F
E

S

B

R

R

A

IM

M

X

R
F
E

As the above figure shows, BTS is physically divided into two shelves. The
top one has 17 slots for accommodating the BDS and TRX boards and the
bottom one has 7 slots for the RFE, LPA and PIM boards.

R

X

X

R
F
E

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 23

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Logical Structure

BTS is logically divided into BDS and RFS, as shown in Fig. 3. The PWS is
also necessary in case there is no available –48V DC secondary power
supply on site.

F IG. 3 BTS LOGICAL S TRUCTURE

SBDS

SBDS

RRFSRRFS

RFS

BDS

SBDS

RRFS

...

LRFS

RRFS

LRFS

MBDS

MBDS

To BSC

RRFS

...

...

LRFS

RRFS RRFS RRFS

... ... ...

LRFS LRFS LRFS

1. BDS

BDS is further divided into three functional entities: BCS (BTS
Communication Subsystem), BBS (BTS Baseband Subsystem) and TFS
(Time Frequency Subsystem).

One BTS suffices for configuration no higher than 12 carrier sectors.
Two BTS cabinets can be combined for configuration higher than 12
carrier sectors. For two combined cabinets, one is the master one
(Master BDS, MBDS) and the other is the slave one (Slave BDS, SBDS).
MBDS and SBDS have the same structure and working principle but
with different configurations.

2. RFS

RFS is further divided into two parts: TRX and PA + RFE amplifier +
RFE subsystem. Its work includes some baseband processing, IF
processing, digital-to-analog conversion, RF modulation and
demodulation, forward signal power amplification, and backward signal
low noise amplification.

Please note that an RFS can be an LRFS (Local RFS) or RRFS (Remote
RFS), to meet different networking needs. If no otherwise specified,
the RFS in this book refers to an LRFS.

3. PWS

This subsystem supplies power to the whole BTS and it comprises
primary power supply (converts 200 V/1110 V AC to –48 V DC,

24 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

optional part) and secondary power supply (converts –48 V DC to what
is needed by the BTS boards).

A description of BTS hardware (logical) focused on board functions is
given below.

List of All BTS Boards

All BTS boards are listed in Table 2.

T ABLE 2 BTS BOARDS

Abbreviations Full Name

BDS

CCM Communication Control Module

DSM Data Service Module

CHM Channel Processing Module

RIM RF Interface Module

GCM GPS Control Module

SNM SDN Network Module

SAM Site Alarm Module

BIM BDS Interface Module

RFS

RMM RF Management Module

TRX Transmitter and Receiver

BTM BTS Test Module

LPA Linear Power Amplifier

PIM Power Amplifier Interface Module

RFE Radio Frequency End

PWS

APD AC Power Distribute

PMM Power Monitor Module

PRM Power Rectifier Module

RPD RFS Power Distribute

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 25

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

BDS

BDS is the control center and communication platform of the BTS. In BDS
we see many key CDMA technologies, such as diversity technology, RAKE
reception, softer handoff and power control. .

Located between BSC and RFS, BDS connects the two and it is responsible
for baseband signal modulation / demodulation and encoding / decoding,
and generation / distribution of clocks for the whole BTS.

BDS Schematic Diagram

Fig. 4 shows the working principle of BDS.

F IG. 4 BDS SCHEMATIC D IAGRAM

FE TEST PORT

BDS

R

M

C
H

I

M

178

SBDS

R

M

C

I

H
M

1

Media Stream

C
H
M

Signaling Stream

Media Stream

C
H
M

78

Signaling Stream

C
H
M

C
H
M

CCM

D

IP

9

IP SW

SCM

IP

9

IP

HUB

D

S

S

M

M

2

D

D

S

S

M

M

D

S

S

D

M

H

As seen from the diagram above, the components of BDS are:

STM-1

BSC

16X E1

GE/FE

16X E1

 CHM: performs CE processing (spread-spectrum modulation and

despread-spectrum demodulation). The CHM of each BDS is a CE
resource-sharing pool.

 RIM: provides interface to connect BDS and RFS, and performs forward

signal summation and backward signal distribution. It also distributes
clocks from GCM to CHM and CCM.

26 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

 CCM: performs BTS control and network switching. Two CCM boards

can be configured, one active and the other standby. For a single rack
or in the MBDS of combined racks, it’s the CCM board. In the SMDS of
combined racks, it’s the SCM board.

 DSM: provides Abis interface to connect with BSC.

 SNM: An optional board that works as the SDH interface.

 SAM: monitors environment indices, including temperature, humidity,

smog and dust.

 GCM: receives synchronous signals from the satellite to generate

system clocks consistent with the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).
Two GCMs (active + standby) can be configured.

 BIM: provides interfaces between master and slave racks, between

BDS and RFS, and between BTS and BSC.

BDS Working Principle

The call processing flow in BDS is as follows.

 Forward call processing flow

In the forward link, DSM receives and decompresses the packets
coming from the Abis interface. After that, the packets are resolved
into media stream and control stream.

The media stream is switched on the media stream IP communication
platform of CCM, then goes to CHM, gets encoded and modulated,
changed to forward baseband data stream. Next it goes to RIM for
summation and is finally sent to RFS.

The control stream is switched on the control stream IP communication
platform of CCM. Then it goes to CHM or CCM.

 Reverse call processing flow

The reverse call data stream coming from RFS is distributed by RIM to
all CHMs. In CHM the data stream is decoded and demodulated and
then put into packets again before being sent to CCM for switching.
The switched packets are then sent to DSM to be packaged and
compressed once again. Finally the packets are sent to BSC.

Technological Advantages of BDS

 An all-IP platform. It uses two Ethernets to switch and control the

media stream and control stream.

 Two Ethernets for the switching and transmission of media stream and

signaling (control) stream

 High integration: baseband CE resource of 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO

and 24 carrier sectors for 1X

 Channel sharing: the baseband CE resource (a shared pool) for 12/24

carrier sectors can be used by any sectors through static or dynamic
CE assignment.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 27

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

 With the standard “BDS-RFS interface”, the BDS and RFS can be

installed in the same or different cabinets.

 The future-proof design of BTS supports a smooth evolution path to 1X

EV-DO, 1X EV-DV or CDMA2000-3X. Different CHMs (CHM0 and CHM1)
can be used in BDS, therefore the same BTS can support both
CDMA2000-1X and EV-DO services at the same time.

 In the case BSC and BTS are installed in the same room, BDS can

provide Ethernet interface so as to avoid complex Abis protocol
processing. This is an economy and also reliability-enhancing approach.

BDS Hardware Configuration

The BDS shelf has 17 slots as shown below. All boards given here are BDS
boards.

F IG. 5 BDS CONFIGURATION

BDS

1716151413121110987654321

S
A

M

Note:

There are two types of CHM boards, CHM0 and CHM1, for 1X and EV-DO services
respectively.

R

I

M

C

C

H

H

M

M

C

C
H

M

C

C

D

S

G

B

H

C

C

S

N

C

I

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

As seen from the board layout, two CCM boards are configured: one active
and the other standby. SNM is an optional board that is necessary only
when there is no available optical transmission on site. For a full
configuration of BDS, there are four CHM slots to deliver pure 1X service
with 24 carrier sectors, or pure EV-DO service with 12 carrier sectors.
Besides, the number of CHM boards can be adjusted to adapt to the
capacity requirement.

28 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

The SBDS is required if there are more than 12 carrier sectors. Fig. 6
below shows a fully configured SBDS shelf.

F IG. 6 SBDS CONFIGURATION

SBDS

1716151413121110987654321

S
A

M

R

I

M

C

C

H

H

M

M

C

C
H

M

S

S

H

C

C

M

M

M

B

I

M

The SBDS has no GCM, DSM and SNM boards (while the MBDS does). The
CCM board in MBDS is changed to SCM in SBDS.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 29

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

RFS

The RFS (radio frequency subsystem) in a mobile cellular network is used
basically for air interfacing through the antenna. The RFS in a CDMA
system equipped by such technologies as power control, cell breathing,
soft handoff, GPS timing, and diversity reception is different from those in
other cellular networks.

Besides the function related with the air interface, RFS connects to BDS
through the RMM board. It also transmits CDMA signals after modulation
and receives CDMA signals after demodulation. It has other functions such
as detection, monitoring, configuration, control, and cell breathing,
blossoming and wilting.

The whole RFS subsystem consists of the antenna feeder system outside
BTS and the TRX, HPA and RFE (the parts that are involved in signal
transmission and reception) inside BTS. A typical antenna feeder system is
made up of the antenna, antenna jumper, main feeder, lightning arrester,
rack-top jumper, and other components for grounding.

Further description on the antenna feeder system is omitted in this book.
If not otherwise specified, the RFS in this book refers to its parts inside
BTS.

30 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

RFS Schematic Diagram

Located between BDS and MS (Mobile Station), RFS connects to the BDS
through a data interface and to the MS through the air RF interface. Its
working principle is shown in Fig. 7.

F IG. 7 RFS SCHEMATIC D IAGRAM

RFE

PA PA

TRX

......

......

Control Bus & Clk

Rev.Link

......

Combin/TSM/RSM

TRX

Ctl-Bus
& clk

Rev.Link

Fwd.Link

RFS

Rev.Link

......

RFE

TRX

BTM

Co n t r o l Bu s & Cl k

RMM

BDS

Functions of RFS are:

 TRX: performs signal up- and down-frequency conversion.

 RMM: Connects RFS and BDS.

 LPA: performs signal power amplification on the forward link.

 RFE: performs low noise amplification, being the interface between RFS

and the antenna feeder.

 BTM: performs the radio test for the BTS.

 PIM: works as the interface of power amplifier.

RFS Working Principle

Call processing flow in RFS is as follows.

 In the forward link, the data stream from the BDS converges in RMM

and then is distributed to TRX. The stream in TRX changes to
intermediate frequency (IF) signals first and then goes to RFE for up­conversion. The RF signals generated are finally transmitted through
RFE and antenna feeder after power amplification.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 31

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

 In the reverse link, the radio signals received from the antenna run

through the LPA of RFE to the TRX for down-conversion processing.
They become IF signals first, undergo digital IF processing, then turn
into sample signals of the BDS, and are finally sent to RMM. RMM puts
all data sent from TRX into a packet and sends it to BDS.

 The GCM board in BDS provides clock signal for RIM. RIM then

provides RFS with the clock signal.

Technological Advantages of RFS

 LRFS and RRFS are both RFS but with different applications. As one

BTS may have no more than one LRFS, it may connect to several
RRFSs. While LRFS is always set up in the same equipment room as
the BDS, RRFS can be placed miles away from the BDS in the cave,
subway or other irregular locations.

 BDS and RFS can be connected in the star, chain or ring networking

modes through the RIM.

 One TRX may provide the capacity of 4 carriers and adopt the LPA for

4 carriers.

 In a single cabinet, there can be 12 carrier sectors (1~4 carriers × 1~3

sectors).

32 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

Hardware Configuration

The RFS boards are located in both shelves of the BTS as shown below.

F IG. 8 RFE CONFIGURATION

RFS

1716151413121110987654321

R

T

T

T

B

M

R

R

R

T

M

X

X

X

M

R
F
E

2

R
F
E

3

R
F
E

41

P

M

56

L

I

P

A

L
P

A

7

L
P
A

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 33

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

PWS

The PWS subsystem supplies power for the whole BTS cabinet. It converts
AC to DC, performs power distribution and monitoring, and manages the
storage battery.

A PWS can comprise the primary (not required if the –48 V is usable on
site) and secondary power supply. The primary one converts 220 V/110 V
AC to -48 V while the secondary one converts and distributes the –48 V
DC again to ±12 V, ±5 V, 27 V, 3.3 V and 2.5V.

PWS Schematic Diagram

In the case the 220 V/110 V AC is available on site, the PWS works in the
way as shown below:

F IG. 9 PWS SCHEMATIC D IAGRAM

-48V DC Out

220V/110V AC In

P
R

M

M

Components of PWS include:

 PMM (Power Monitor Module): monitors the power system and

reporting the status.

APD

Temperature,Door...

PMM

P
R

M

P

P

M

P

R

R

M

CCM/RMM

P
R

R

M

 APD (AC Power Distribution Module): Converts the 220 V/110 V AC to -

48 V DC, used when the user provides the 220 V/110 V AC only.

 PRM (Power Rectifier Module): used for AC input and can be configured

in 5+1 mode.

 RPD (RFS Power Distribute): converts –48 V to provide suitable power

supplies for the RFS boards.

34 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware

PWS Working Principle

The 220 V/110 V AC is distributed by APD first, then rectified by PRM,
converted to primary power supply, next output as –48 V DC.

The primary –48 V DC is again converted and distributed by RPD into ±12
V, ±5 V, 27 V, 3.3 V and 2.5V for the RFS boards.

Hardware Configuration

The primary power supply part of PWS is an optional configuration that
can be detached from the BTS. The RPD board is the secondary power
supply part of PWS that is inseparable from the BTS.

This section covers the hardware configuration of the primary power
supply only (see the diagram below). For configuration details of the
secondary power supply, please refer to the hardware manual.

F IG. 10 P RIMARY POWER S UPPLY OF PWS

APD

21

P

P

M

R

M

M

34

P
R

M

P
R

M

56

P
R
M

P
R

M

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 35

Chapter 3

BTS Software

In this chapter, you will learn about:

 BTS software subsystems and functions

 Software of CCM, CHM, RMM and TRX boards

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 36

Chapter 3 - BTS Software

BTS Software Overview

This chapter covers a brief introduction to the BTS software system,
especially the software functions of boards CCM, CHM, RMM and TRX. For
details of the BTS composition of software that is the same as that of BSC,
refer to ZXC10 BSCB (V1.0) cdma2000 Base Station Controller Technical
Manual.

In terms of functions, BTS software is composed of the following parts:
OSS (Operation System Subsystem), SCS (System Control Subsystem),
SPS (Service Processing Subsystem), OMC (Operation and Maintenance
Center), BSP&Driver (operation system subsystem) and DBS (Database
Subsystem), as shown in Fig. 11.

F IG. 11 BTS SOFTWARE S TRUCTURE

SPS

SCS

OMC

DBS

OSS

BSP & Driver

SIG

BRS

CORE

The BTS software is distributed in various boards and the OMC.

1. SPS delivers cdma2000 1X, EV-DV services based on the air U

m

interface standard (IS-2000).

2. OMC provides interfaces to authorized administrators and upper NM

system for the purpose of operation & maintenance of the whole BTS.

3. DBS provides centralized management on BSS data and is the support

system of the upper-layer applications (SPS and OMS).

4. BSP&Driver is the basis of all the other subsystems. It shields the

hardware details from the subscriber process, and provides process
dispatching, timer, communication and memory management services.
The core of BSP&Drive is the commercial operating system kernel.
Above the kernel is the encapsulation layer, which encapsulates the
kernel system invoking and shields unnecessary functions from the

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 37

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

subscriber process. The encapsulation layer provides the subscriber
process with necessary primitive and function invoking interfaces.

5. SCS performs monitoring, startup and version downloading of the BTS

software system. It runs on the operating system and database
subsystem.

38 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 3 - BTS Software

CCM Software

CCM, Communication Control Module, is located in the BDS shelf.
Functions of CCM software include:

 Allocate all BTS radio resources.

 Process related signaling for the voice and data services of the BTS it is

responsible for.

 Implement centralized management on BTS data, including physical

configuration data and wireless data.

 Communicate through the Ethernet and HDLC communication with the

BSC and other boards of BTS.

 Monitor BDS and RFS boards and report alarms.

 Control power-on and configuration of other BTS boards.

 Support active / standby changeover of CCM.

 Support downloading and query of software version and logic of BTS

boards.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 39

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

CHM0 Software

CHM0 is responsible for the cdma20001x channel modulation and
demodulation. Its functions are as follows.

 Provide communication interface with CCM.

 Modulate voice and data frames coming from CCM in the forward link,

and send the modulated data to RIM.

 Demodulate antenna signals coming from the RIM through the BDS

interface in the reverse link into voice and data frames, and send them
to CCM for switching.

 Support the cdma2000 physical layer protocol: IS-2000-2 RELASE A.

 Support OTD (Orthogonal Transmit Diversity) and STS.

 Support forward links, including: pilot channels such as F-PICH, F-

TDPICH, F-APICH and F-ATDPICH; control channels such as F-SYNCH,
F-PCH, F-BCH, F-QPCH, F-CPCCH, F-CACH and F-CCCH; and traffic
channels such as F-DCCH, F-FCH, F-SCH and F-SCCH. .

 Support reverse links, including: access channels such as R-ACH, R-

EACH and R-CCCH; and traffic channels such as R-DCCH, R-FCH, R­SCH and R-SCCH.

 Support board hot swapping.

 Allow online version downloading via a transmission bus.

 Control system’s remote soft reset and backplane interface disabling .

40 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 3 - BTS Software

CHM1 Software

Software CES-HRPD runs on CHM1 to deliver EV-DO service. It is designed
on the CSM5500 chip.

CHM-HRPD runs under CES-HRPD control, and processes HRPD air
interface control channel signaling and service data frames.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 41

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

RMM Software

Functions of RMM software include:

 Monitor the RFS boards.

 Communicate with BDS boards and other RFS boards.

 Support downloading and query of RFS boards’ software version and

logic.

 Support power-on, address acquisition and data configuration of RFS

boards.

 Manage RFS boards’ status.

 Control the switchover of RFS fiber links.

 Control TRX switchover.

 Control PA switchover.

 Support the diagnostic test for RFS boards.

42 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 3 - BTS Software

TRX Software

The TRX board is the core of RFS in a BTS. It is responsible for signal
conversion in both forward and reverse links, including conversion from
digital baseband signal to analog RF signals. It uses the digital IF and
multi-carrier technologies.

TRX software provides the following functions.

Query and report RSSI signal energy.

Attenuation and gain control in both forward and reverse links.

Configure RFS boards.

Monitor board status.

DSP configuration.

Auto-scaling control.

Diagnostic test of TRX board.

Support cell blossom, wilting and breathing.

Board backup control.

If BTM is configured, it provides test signals for the transceiving
devices located in the BTS sectors with the help of test MS, for the
purpose of online test on system performance.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 43

Chapter 4

BTS Networking and
Configuration

In this chapter, you will learn about:

 BTS networking modes

 BTS networking configuration

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 44

Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration

Networking through Abis Interface

This chapter starts with describing the BSS networking mode, next BTS
networking mode and finally BTS networking configuration.

BSS (Base Station System) includes BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and
BSC (Base Station Controller). BTS is composed of BDS, local RFS (LRFS)
and remote RFS (RRFS). Multiple networking modes are workable as
shown in Fig. 12

F IG. 12 CDMA2000 BSS NETWORKING

BTS = Macro BTS

or Micro BTS

or Compact BTS

BSC

Abis

E1 or SDH

.... .... ....

BTS BTS BTS

BTS BTS BTS

....

BTS

Abis Star

....

....

Abis Ring

Abis Chain

BSC connects with BTS (macro or micro) through the Abis interface to
form various network shapes, such as star, chain, and ring.

 Star networking

By star-shaped networking, it means that each BTS connects with BSC
individually and directly, or indirectly through external transmission
device.

 Ring networking

Several BTS connect in serial to BSC as in a ring structure.

 Chain networking

In a chain networking mode, several BTS are connected to form a
chain with the last BTS connecting to BSC through E1/T1 or SDH.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 45

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Actual BSS networking may adopt a combined mode of ring, star and
chain, as shown in Fig. 13.

F IG. 13 BSS NETWORKING

BSC

BSC connects with BTS through E1/T1, SDH or Ethernet interface. The
Ethernet approach applies when BSC is near BTS and in this way, the
complex Abis link compression protocol is avoided, the networking cost cut
down and reliability enhanced.

46 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration

BTS Networking

BTS is in terms of hardware a set of radio transceiving devices that serve
a cell, which can be of omni-directional, 2-sector, 3-sector or 6-sector
structure. It modulates and demodulates signals, but in a more complex
way than a regular modem.

BTS bears radio service functions of BSS, including radio transmission with
the MS (Mobile Station) through IS2000 air interface and control over the
radio channel. It is connected with BSC through Abis interface and
controlled by BSC.

In BTS, BDS and RFS are connected flexibly through a standard interface
to fill in different networking needs.

Table 3 lists some commonly used BTS networking modes.

T ABLE 3 BTS NETWORKING MODES

Mode Full Name Description

LS Local Single Mode

RS Remote Single Mode

LEA Local Extend Mode A

LEB Local Extend Mode B

RE Remote Extend Mode

ME MIX Extend Mode

Support 4-carrier 3-sector (1X/EV-DO),
not support RRFS

May work as the RRFS, support 4-carrier
3-sector (1X/DO)

RFS added in combined cabinet to support
voice service (1X) for configuration of 8­carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector

BDS and RFS added in combined cabinet
to support 1X/EV-DO for configuration of
8-carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector

Remote CBTS or MBTS-RFS added
through fiber connection. LRFS+RRFS
supports 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO or
nearly 24 carrier sectors for 1X

BDS and RFS added in combined cabinet,
with remote CBTS or MBTS-RFS added
through fiber connection, to support 24
carrier sectors for EV-DO or nearly 48
carrier sectors for 1X

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 47

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

LS Mode

The LS networking mode is suitable for the economy configuration of 12
carrier sectors for EV-DO and 24 carrier sectors for 1X service.

With the 4-carrier 3-sector configuration in this mode, 2 (max. 3) CHM0
can be used with 2 slots left idle to deliver pure 1X service, or 4 CHM1 be
used for pure EV-DO service. Fig. 14 shows the slot diagram.

F IG. 14 BTS BOARD LAYOUT IN LS MODE

S

B
T

M

T
R
X

A

M

0

RPD

R

C

M

C

H

H

M

0

0

C
C

M

C
C

M

M

D
S

N

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G

S

C

M

B

I

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T

R

R

X

X

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M

I

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1

2

R

T

R

F

E

1

R
F
E

1

R
F
E

1

M

P

I

0

L
P

A

L
P

A

L
P
A

48 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration

RS Mode

The RS networking mode applies when the RRFS is used independently
and 4-carrier 3-sector is configured. It is another economy approach.

In the RS mode, the BDS is locally installed and it can be a super BTS,
single macro BTSB or CBTS; while the remote CBTS accommodates only
the RFS. Such configuration (see below) supports 12 carrier sectors for
either EV-DO or 1X.

F IG. 15 RS MODE

RPD

R

T

M

R

M

X

1

P

M

L

I

P

A

0

RFE

1

1

L
P
A

B

I

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L
P

A

A
M

S

0

B
T

M

RFE

1

T

T

R

R

X

X

RFE

LEA Mode

The LEA networking mode applies when the CBTS system is deployed with
4-carrier 3-sector to deliver pure 1X or 1X + EV-DO services, however the
local RFS has to be extended to fit in system configuration (while the
baseband resource is enough).

In the LEA mode, two CBTS cabinets are combined with the additional one
configured with only RFS (no BDS). This mode provides a capacity of 24
carrier sectors to deliver pure 1X service, or 4-carrier 3-sector for 1X +
EV-DO. (In this mode, the BDS supports only 12 carrier sectors to deliver
pure EV-DO service. That’s why the LS mode is more preferable for pure
EV-DO service.)

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 49

e

ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

There are two workable approaches for local RFS extension: carrier
extension (more than 4 carriers) and sector extension (more than 3
sectors). The two extension modes differ in the RFE board and the cable
that connects two cabinets. Fig. 16 shows the board layout in LEA mode.

F IG. 16 LEA MODE

RF combined cabnet alternate cabl

S

A

M

0

M

T

B

R

T

X

RFE

5

T
R
X

RFE

RPD

C

M

C

C

C

C

C

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D

C

C

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0

0

0

0

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N

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B

I

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L
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R
M
M

R

I

M

0

0

T
R
X

RFE

5

5

RF combined cabnet alternate cable

R

T

M

R

M

X

1

RFE

5

M

S

A

1

RFE

5

T

T

R

R

X

X

RFE

5

RF combined cabnet alternate cable

‘BASE-RF’ optical fiber

P

M

L

I

P
A

0

L
P
A

RPD

B

I

M

L
P

A

50 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration

LEB Mode

The LEB mode is basically a BDS + RFS extension approach to deliver pure
DO or 1X + DO service.

Two BTS cabinets are combined in this mode with the additional cabinet
configured with both baseband and RF resource. This mode allows no
sharing of baseband, that is, both master BTS and slave BTS have their
own baseband and RF resource. However, both cabinets share the CCM
and Abis interface.

This mode provides a capacity of 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure DO
service, or 4-carrier 3-sector for 1X + DO.

There are two extension approaches for this mode: carrier extension
(more than 4 carriers) and sector extension (more than 3 sectors). The
two extension modes differ in the RFE board and the cable that connects
two cabinets. Fig. 17 shows the board layout in LEA mode.

F IG. 17 LEB MODE

RF combined cabnet alternate cable

R

R
M
M

M
M

2

2

R

M

1

RFE

5

R

I

M

1

RFE

5

S

T

T
R
X

T
R
X

T
R
X

RFE

5

T
R
X

RFE

5

B

A

R

T

M

RF combined cabnet alternate cable

A

M

S

1

0

M

RFE

5

RFE

5

X

T
R
X

RPD

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

G

S

H

H

I

M

M

C
H

H

H

C

C

M

M

M

1

1

1

1

P

L

I

P

M

A

0

C

C

C

H

H

H

M

M

M

1

1

1

1

P

L

I

P

M

A

0

S

M

M

M

L
P
A

BASE cascade cable

S

S

C

C

M

M

L
P
A

M

B

C

N

M

L

P

A

RPD

L

P

A

I

M

B

I

M

RF combined cabnet alternate cable

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

RE Mode

In the RE mode, the RFS is installed in a remote place from the BTS with
the fiber used for connection. This mode applies when the remote RFS
needs to share the local surplus BDS resource. For the BDS (4×CHM) in a
single BTS, this mode provides a capacity of 12 carrier sectors to deliver
pure EV-DO service and 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure 1X service. See
below for the configuration.

F IG. 18 RE MODE

RRFS RRFS RRFS

S

T

B

A

R

T

M

X

M

0

RPD

C

T
R
X

R

T

M

R

M

X

M

0

C

R

I

3

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

M

M

M

M

0

0

0

0

D

C

C

M

M

M

G

S

S

N

M

B

C

I

M

M

RFE

1

RFE

1

RFE

1

P

L

I

P

M

A

0

L
P
A

L
P

A

52 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration

ME Mode

The ME mode is a combination of LEB and RE modes. Both local extension
(BDS and RFS) and remote extension (RFS, with fiber used for connection)
are necessary for this mode. After BDS extension, the mode provides a
max. capacity of 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure EV-DO service, or 48
carrier sectors to deliver 1X service. If the local master BTS is configured
with 4-carrier 3-sector or less, the slave BTS may have no local RFS
configured. If the local master BTS is configured with more than 4-carrier
3-sector, then the slave BTS should have RFS configured. The redundant
BDS resource can be shared with the remote RFS. See below for the
configuration.

F IG. 19 ME MODE

RRFS

RRFSRRFS

BDS

LRFS

M-CBTS S-CBTS

BDS

LRFS

RRFS

RRFS

BTS Configuration

BDS Configuration

A master BDS includes SAM, GCM, CHM, RIM, CCM, DSM, SNM, BIM and
RPD boards.

A slave BDS is configured to suit different networking modes.

Configuration requirement:

CCM: usually configured in active/standby pairs.

SNM: optional, usually not needed.

CHM: configured according to the number of carriers.

CHM0: As one CHM0 provides 256 CEs for 1X service, the number of CHM0
needed is k/256 (k is the total traffic erl).

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

CHM1: As one CHM1 provides the capacity of 3 carrier sectors for EV-DO
service, the number of CHM1 is n/3 (n is the total number EV-DO carrier
sectors).

CHM0 and CHM1 can be used together in the same shelf.

RFS Configuration

An RFS can be made up of LRFS and RRFS. LRFS works for the local BTS,
while RRFS can work either for the local BTS or another BTS.

This sector covers the configuration of LRFS only.

The LRFS has such boards as BTM, TRX, RMM, LPA and RFE.

The number of TRX and LPA to be configured depends on number of
carriers and sectors. If 4 carriers are enough for continuous coverage,
number of TRX/LPA is the same as that of sectors. If two 4 × carriers are
needed, number of TRX/LPA is twice that of sectors. For example:

 3 TRX and 3 LPA for 1-carrier 3-sector.

 3 TRX and 3 LPA for 2-carrier (continuous) 3-sector.

 3 TRX and 3 LPA for 3-carrier (continuous) 3-sector.

 3 TRX and 3 LPA for 4-carrier (continuous) 3-sector.

 TRX and 6 LPA for 8-carrier (continuous) 3-sector (3 of the 6 TRX and

3 of the 6 LPA can be installed in the added cabinet).

 TRX and 6 LPA for 4-carrier (continuous) 6-sector (3 of the 6 TRX and

3 of the 6 LPA can be installed in the added cabinet).

Neither LPA nor TRX is configured in active/standby pairs.

PWS Configuration

The primary power shelf can be omitted if the –48 VDC is ready on site.

The primary power shelf needs to be prepared if there is only 220
V/110VAC ready on site.

54 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 5

Technical Indices

In this chapter, you will learn about:

 Environment indices of the BTS system

 Performance indices (parameter requirements) of the functional

components of the BTS system

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Environment Indices

The environment indices set requirements on the physical parameters,
power supply, grounding, temperature, humidity and cleanness, which are
given in Table 4.

T ABLE 4 ENVIRONMENT I NDICES

Environment Indices Requirements

Dimension (mm)

Physical
Index

Power
supply

Grounding Joint grounding resistance ≤ 1 Ω

Temperature

Humidity

Cleanness

Weight (kg)

Load-bearing of
the floor (kg/m

Primary power
supply input

Secondary power
supply input

Power
consumption

Single cabinet (mm): W700 × D800 × H800

PWS cabinet (optional): W700 × D600 × H400

4-carrier 1–sector: 155

4-carrier 3-sector: 211

4-carrier 6-sector or 8-carrier 3-sector: 422

>377

2

)

150 V~300 V for 200 V AC or 90 V ~138 V for 100
V AC

-42.3 V ~ -56.5 V if -48 V DC is used

Varies with the configuration (refer to Table 5.1-2)

Long-term: ­5°C~50°C

Long-term:
15%~80%

Dust granule diameter <5 μ m, dust granule
density ≤ 13 ° 10
should be non-conductive, non-magnetic and non­corrosive)

Short-term: -20°C~60°C

Short-term:5%~95%

4

granules/m3 (dust granules

Note:

Temperature and humidity values are measured 2m above floor and 0.4m in front
of equipment that has no fender at the front or back.

By “short-term” it means less than continuous 48 hours or less than cumulative 15
days in a year.

56 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 5 - Technical Indices

T ABLE 5 BTS POWER CONSUMPTION

Power

Configuration

Single-carrier
single-sector

2-carrier 1–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 1400 W Approx. 1400 W

3-carrier 1–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 1400 W Approx. 1400 W

5-carrier 1-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2000 W Approx. 2000 W

7-carrier 1-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2000 W Approx. 2100 W

1-carrier 3–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2500 W Approx. 2600 W

2-carrier 3–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2600 W Approx. 2600 W

3-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2600 W Approx. 2700 W

4-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2600 W Approx. 2700 W

5-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4400 W Approx. 4500 W

7-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4600 W

8-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4700 W

1-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4300 W Approx. 4400 W

2-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4400 W Approx. 4500 W

Amplifier
Output

LPA, 40 W

Working
Voltage

-48 V Approx. 1400 W Approx. 1400 W

Max. Power
Consumption
for 1X

Max. Power
Consumption for
DO

3-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4600 W

4-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4700 W

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Performance Indices

The performance indices set requirements on the reliability, interface,
capacity, frequency band and clock.

Reliability

 Mean Time Between Critical Faults (MTBCF): > 100000 hours;

 Mean Time Between Faults (MTBF): > 63492 hours;

 Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR): 0.5 hours.

 Availability: > 99.987%.

Interface

Abis interface: E1/T1 and SDH connection;

Interface between BDS and RRFS: fiber connection.

Capacity

 A single BTS cabinet can be configured with 24 carrier sectors for 1X

service or 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO service.

 RRFS networking: star-, chain- or ring-shaped networking.

 RRFS: One BDS can work with at most 24 RRFS sites.

 A single LRFS (indoor) can be configured with at most 24 carrier

sectors.

Frequency Band

The system supports five frequency bands as set forth in IS-97D “CDMA
BTS Minimum Performance Standard”: Band Class 0 (800 MHz), Band
Class 1 (1.9 GMHz), Band Class 5 (450 MHz), Band Class 6 (2.1 GMHz)
and Band Class 10 (850 MHz).

Specs of Bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and
850 MHz

1. Receiver (with an LNA)

T ABLE 6 RECEIVER I NDEX AT 800 MHZ , 450 MHZ AND 850 MHZ

Working
bands

Channel
bandwidth

58 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz

1.23 MHz(800 MHz), 1.25 MHz (450 MHz, 850 MHz)

±

Chapter 5 - Technical Indices

Working
bands

800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz

Rx sensibility ≤ -125 dBm

Rx dynamic
range

Rx sensibility ≤ dynamic range ≤ Noise level -65 dBm/1.23
MHz (Eb/N0 = 10 dB ± 1 dB ), FER < 1%

800 MHz:

± 750 kHz offset center freq; if monotone = 50dB (as
opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase
of MS output power ≤ 3 dB;

± 900 kHz offset center freq; if monotone = 87dB (as
opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase
of MS output power ≤ 3 dB;

Block-proof

450 MHz:

± 900 kHz offset center freq; if monotone = 87dB (as
opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase
of MS output power ≤ 3 dB;

850 MHz:

± 1.25MHz offset center freq; if monotone = 80dB (as
opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase
of MS output power ≤ 3 dB;

800 MHz and 450 MHz:

Inter­modulation
spurious
response
attenuation
sensibility

900kHz ~ 1.7MHz and –900kHz ~ -1.7MHz offset center
freq; if dual-tone = 72dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level,
when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB;

850 MHz:

1.25MHz ~ 2.05MHz and -1.25MHz ~ -2.05MHz offset
center freq; if dual-tone = 72dB (as opposed to CDMA signal
level, when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3
dB;

Rx conductive
and emissive
spurious
range

VSWR of RFE
(Rx)

< -80 dBm (within the BTS Rx frequency)

< -60 dBm (within the BTS Tx frequency)

< -47 dBm (at other frequencies), RBW = 30 kHz

< 1.50

2. Transmitter

T ABLE 7 TRANSMITTER I NDEX AT 800 MHZ , 450 MHZ AND 850 MHZ

Working bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz

Transmitter
frequency tolerance

Channel bandwidth 1.23 MHz (800 MHz), 1.25 MHz (450 MHz, 850 MHz)

Tx modulation Quadrature modulation

Conductive /
emissive spurious
transmission

-8

≤ 5×10

< -45 dBc @±750 kHz offset center freq (RBW 30
kHz)

< -60 dBc @

1.98 MHz offset center freq(RBW

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Working bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz

suppression 30kHz)

> 4 MHz offset:

< -36 dBm (RBW 1 kHz) @ 9KHz < f < 150 kHz

< -36 dBm (RBW 10 kHz) @ 150KHz < f < 30
MHz

< -30 dBm (RBW 1 MHz) @ 1GHz < f < 12.5 GHz

4MHz ~ 6.4 MHz offset:

< -36 dBm (RBW 1kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz

6.4MHz ~ 16MHz offset:

< 36 dBm (RBW 10 kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz

> 16 MHz offset:

< -36 dBm (RBW 100 kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz

Code domain power
(inactive channel)

Total power

Waveform quality
(multi-carrier)

Pilot time tolerance

Pilot channel and
code-division
channel time
tolerance

Pilot channel and
code-division
channel phase
tolerance

Pilot power

Rated output power
of amplifier

32 dB less than the total output power

Rated power -4 dB ~ rated power + 2 dB (refer to
IS-97D for the definition and test of total power)

ρ> 0.97

< 3 us; ±1 us between every two CDMA channels of
the same BTS; If the outer system clock is
interrupted, the time difference between the BTS
and CDMA should be kept no more than ±10 us
during 8 hours’ time

< ±50 ns in the same CDMA channel

≤ 0.05 (in radian) in the same CDMA channel

Ratio of pilot power / total power ≤ ±0.5 dB of the
configured value

LPA: 40 W; DPA: 40 W /80 W

Output linear
dynamic range

RF (Tx) front end
VSWR

> 30 dB

< 1.50

60 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

±

Chapter 5 - Technical Indices

Specs of 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz

1. Receiver (with an LNA)

T ABLE 8 RECEIVER I NDEX AT 1.9 GHZ AND 2.1GHZ

Working band

Channel bandwidth 1.25 MHz

Rx sensibility < -125 dBm

Rx dynamic range

Block-proof

Inter-modulation
spurious response
attenuation
sensibility

Rx conductive and
emission spurious
range

1.9 GHz、2.1GHz

Rx sensibility (less than –127dBm) ≤ dynamic range
≤ Noise level of the antenna (no less than -65

dBm/1.25 MHz, when Eb/N0 = 10 dB ± 1 dB, FER <
1%

± 1.25 MHz offset center freq; if monotone = 80dB
(as opposed to CDMA signal level without
interference), when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS
output power ≤ 3 dB

1.25 MHz ~ 2.05 MHz and -1.25 MHz ~ -2.05 MHz
offset center freq; if dual-tone = 70dB (as opposed
to CDMA signal level without interference), FER <

1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB

< -80 dBm (in BTS Rx band); < -60 dBm (in BTS Tx
band)

1.9 GHz:

< -47 dBm, RBW(30kHz) and all other frequencies

2.1 GHz:

-57dBm (RBW 100KHz) 30MHz < f < 1GHz

-47dBm (RBW 1MHz) 1GHz < f < 12.75GHz

RF (Rx) front end
VSWR

< 1.50

2. Transmitter

T ABLE 9 TRANSMITTER I NDEX AT 1.9 GHZ AND 2.1GHZ

Working bands 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz

Transmitter frequency
tolerance

Channel bandwidth 1.25 MHz

Tx modulation Quadrature modulation

Conductive / emissive
spurious transmission
suppression

≤ 5×10-8

In Band Class 6:

< -45 dBc @±885 kHz offset center freq
(RBW 30 kHz)

< -55 dBc @±1.98MHz offset center freq
(RBW 30 kHz)

< -13 dBm @

2.75MHz offset center freq

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Working bands 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz

(RBW 1MHz)

> 4MHz offset:

< -36 dBm(RBW 1 kHz) @ 9KHz < f <150 kHz

< -36 dBm(RBW 10 kHz) @ 150KHz < f < 30
MHz

< -36 dBm(RBW 100 kHz) @ 30MHz < f < 1
GHz

4-16MHz offset:

< -30 dBm (RBW 30 kHz) @ 1 GHz < f < 12.5
GHz

16 M ~ 19.2 M offset:

< -30 dBm (RBW 300 kHz) @ 1 GHz < f <

12.5 GHz

Code domain power
(inactive channel)

Total power

Waveform quality

Pilot time tolerance

Pilot channel and code­division channel time
tolerance

Pilot channel and code­division phase tolerance

Pilot power

Output power of amplifier LPA: 40W; DPA: 40W /80W

Output linear dynamic
range

RF (Tx) front end VSWR < 1.50

32 dB less than the total output power

Rated power -4 dB ~ rated power + 2 dB
(refer to IS-97D for the definition and test of
total power)

ρ > 0.97

< 3 us; ±1 us between every two CDMA
channels of the same BTS; If the outer system
clock is interrupted, the time difference
between the BTS and CDMA should be kept no
more than ±10 us during 8 hours’ time

< ±50 ns in the same CDMA channel

≤ 0.05 (in radian) in the same CDMA channel

Ratio of pilot power / total power ≤ ±0.5 dB of
the configured value

> 30 dB

Clock

1. BTS Clock technical parameters

 Frequency benchmark: The accuracy of frequency 10 MHz is better

than 10
status.

 The temperature variation is required to be less than ±0.5 ×10

2. Clock Synchronization Source

62 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

-11

in GPS locked status and is better than 10

-10

in the holdover

-9

.

Chapter 5 - Technical Indices

The GCM provides reliable clock for a short term and ensures the
locked status of clock during 72 hours after the GPS synchronous
signal is lost.

3. Clock System Performance

The frequency difference is less than 0.05 ppm, and phase difference
less than 10 us.

Noise

The ambient noise of BTS is no greater than 75dBA.

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

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64 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Appendix A - Abbreviations

Appendix A

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full name

1X EV 1X Evolution

1X EV-DO 1X Evolution Data Only

1X EV-DV 1X Evolution Data & Voice

2G BTS 2G Base Station Transceiver

3G BTS 3G Base Station Transceiver

3GPP2

A

AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting

Abis Abis Interface—the interface of BSC--BTS

AN Access network

APD AC Power Distribution Module

AUC Authentication Center

A interface A Interface—the interface of BSC-MSC

B

BBDS Backplane of BDS

B-BDS Backplane of Baseband Digital Subsystem

BBS BTS Baseband Subsystem

BCS BTS Communication Subsystem

3rd Generation Partnership Project 2

BDM Baseband Digital Module

BDS Baseband Digital System

BGPS Backplane of GPS

BIM BDS Interface Module

BLPA Backplane of LPA

BPD BDS Power Distribute

BPWS Backplane of PWS

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Abbreviation Full name

BRFE Backplane of RFE

BRFS Backplane of TRX and BDM/RFM

BS Base Station

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station System

BTM BTS Test Module

BTRX Backplane of TRX

BTS Base Transceiver Station

C

CDMA Code Division Multiple Address

CDMA2000-1X

CDMA2000 Phase One

CHM Channel Processing Module

CHM-1X Channel Processing Module for CDMA2000

CHM-95 Channel Processing Module for IS-95

CLK Clock

CN Core Network

CSM5000 Cell Site Modem ASIC 5000

CSM5500 Cell Site Modem ASIC 5500

CTDMA Code and Time Division Multiple Address

D

DBS Database Subsystem

DS-CDMA Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Address

DSM Data Service Module

DUP Duplexer

E

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMF Network Element Mediation Function

EMI Electromagnetic interference

EMS electromagnetic susceptibility

F

FD Full duplex

FDD

Frequency Division Duplex

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

G

GCM GPS Control Module

66 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Appendix A - Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full name

GLI GE Line Interface

GPS Global Position System

GSM Globe System for Mobil Communication

H

HA Home Agent

HLR Home Location Register

HPA High Power Amplifier

HRPD High rate packet data

I

I/O Input/Output

ID Identifier

IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000

IP Internet Protocol

ISO International Standardization Organization

ISP Internet Service Provider

ITU International Telecommunications Union

K

kbps kilo-bits per second

L

LPA Linear Power Amplifier

M

MSC Mobile Switching Center

O

OIM Optical Interface Module

OMC Operation Maintenance Centre

OMF Operation Maintenance Function

OMI Operation Maintenance Interface

OMM Operation Maintenance Module

OSS Operating Systems Subsystem

OTD

Orthogonal Transmit Diversity

P

PA Power Amplifier

PCF Packet Control Function

PCH Paging Channel

PDSN Packet Data Service Node

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ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual

Abbreviation Full name

PI Page Indicator

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PMM Power Monitor Module

PPM Power Process Module

PRM Power Rectifier Module

PSMC Power Supplier Module C

PSMD Power Supplier Module D

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PWS Power System

Q

QoS Quality of Service

R

RFS RFIM

RIM RF Interface Module

RMM RF Management Module

RPD RFS Power Distribute

RX Receiver

RXB Receiver Board

S

SAM Site Alarm Module

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SPS Signal Process Subsystem

SS7 Signaling System No.7

STS

T

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access

TDD Time Division Duplex

TDMA Time Division Multiple Address

TOD Time of Date

TRX Transmitter and Receiver

TX Transmit

TXB Transmitter Board

U

68 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Appendix A - Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full name

UI User Interface

Um interface Um Interface—the interface of MS-BTS

Z

ZXC10 AGWB cdma2000 Access Gateway

ZXC10 BDSB cdma2000 Baseband Digital System

ZXC10 BSCB cdma2000 Base Station Controller

ZXC10 BTSB cdma2000 Base Transceiver Station

ZXC10 CBTS cdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station

ZXC10 MBTS cdma2000 Micro Base Transceiver Station

ZXC10 MGWB cdma2000 Media Gateway)

ZXC10 PBTS cdma2000 Pico Base Transceiver Station

ZXC10 PWSB cdma2000 Power System

ZXC10 RFSB cdma2000 Radio Frequency System

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 69

Figures

Fig. 1 Position of BTS in BSS.......................................................................14

Fig. 2 BTS Physical Structure ......................................................................23

Fig. 3 BTS Logical Structure........................................................................24

Fig. 4 BDS Schematic Diagram....................................................................26

Fig. 5 BDS Configuration .............................................................................28

Fig. 6 SBDS Configuration ..........................................................................29

Fig. 7 RFS Schematic Diagram ....................................................................31

Fig. 8 RFE Configuration.............................................................................33

Fig. 9 PWS Schematic Diagram ...................................................................34

Fig. 10 Primary Power Supply of PWS...........................................................35

Fig. 11 BTS Software Structure ...................................................................37

Fig. 12 cdma2000 BSS Networking ..............................................................45

Fig. 13 BSS Networking .............................................................................46

Fig. 14 BTS Board Layout in LS Mode............................................................48

Fig. 15 RS Mode........................................................................................49

Fig. 16 LEA Mode ......................................................................................50

Fig. 17 LEB Mode ......................................................................................51

Fig. 18 RE Mode........................................................................................52

Fig. 19 ME Mode .......................................................................................53

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72 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Tables

Table 1 Frequency Bands Supported by BTS..................................................16

Table 2 BTS Boards ...................................................................................25

Table 3 BTS Networking Modes ...................................................................47

Table 4 Environment Indices.......................................................................56

Table 5 BTS Power Consumption .................................................................57

Table 6 Receiver Index at 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz .............................58

Table 7 Transmitter Index at 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz.........................59

Table 8 Receiver Index at 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz..............................................61

Table 9 Transmitter Index at 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz .........................................61

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 73