P:< +&'
JhWkak cWp] `Wc cW dW
B_[je WdWi _dijhkaY_`W
P:< +&'
I7JKHI
:he XWi _dijhkaY_`Wi$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$) LWZ XWi fWd[b_i kd j dep c[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$* Fhe]hWcck jWXkbW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$, F_hci _[h Y[i b_[je WdWi$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$- ?[h Y[i kpij Z `kc_ Z[di c aij_d WdW_$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$- If[Y_ b i bi f_[l_[de WdW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$/ IaWbe WdWi b Zp[a´k _pcWdje WdW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'& IaWbe WdWi b Zp[a´k Zep WdWi kpij Z `kc_$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'& =WbZW f_[Z[hkck kd jhWkak _[l_[je WdW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'& CWp] WdWi b Zp[a´k _[f_bZ[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'( ?pcWp] je jhWkak _p [c WdW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$') J h WdW kd Wfaef[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$') H f[i fWh Wfa hj `e l_Z_$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'+ Ae ZWh j" `W$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'+ J[^d_ia_[ ZWj_$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'- FWj h_ k dehcW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'- ?d\ehc Y_`W fWh j[ij Wdk$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'. Kpij Z WdW$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'. =WhWdj_`W kd i[hl_iW fWaWbfe`kc_$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'/
(
P:< +&'
:he XWi _dijhkaY_`Wi
?h ´ej_ X j_ia_" bW_ b_[je WdWi _dijhkaY_`W j_ajk kp]bWX jW aef Wh _[h Y_ kd d[f_[Y_[ Wc XWi ]WZ `kc X jk f_[[`WcW$ L_[dc h f_[l_[de`_[j fWc Y Xk _[a hjW_ Á l_[dWb]W" lW_ @ i cW_d j Zp l[il_[jk lW_ deZeZWj jhWkak cWp] `Wce cW dk a ZWi Y_jWi f[hiedWi b_[je Wd " ` deZhe _dW" bW_ _[a hjWi b_[jej `i l_[dc h lWh jk _[fWp j_[i Wh _dijhkaY_` _[jl[hjW`_[c deh Z `kc_[c$ Û[_j _[jl[hj_[ deh Z `kc_ j_[a Zej_" lWZej_[i de @ ik Zhe XWi Wfil hkc_[c$ ?h ilWh ]_" bW_ @ i Wh j_[c h f ]_ _[fWp jei" f_hci f_[ib ZpWj jhWkak cWp] `Wce cW dk kd kpi aWj j i b_[je Wdk$
FWh[_pW b_[je WdW
|
Û _[a hjW fWh[Zp jW jhWka_[c kd ]WbZW f_[Z[hkc_[c" akhk hW¯ej `i _h f_[´ l_i je cWp] Wdk |
|
jhWkak cWp] `Wc cW d $ |
|
D[b[`_[j jhWkak cWp] `Wc cW d d[a Zki ì Z_d j `ki$ JWi lWh _phW_i j ifh Zp_[dk$ |
|
DW¯_ kd Y_j_ fh_[a c[j_ Wh Wi c cWb c ` _[l_[je ^eh_pedj b_ ]WbZW f_[Z[hkck deZWb `kc Wh |
|
WiW` c cWb c kp b[`k$ |
|
?pcWdje`_[j j_aW_ j Zki cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´ki ì_Zhei cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´ki" i b_ kd |
|
iaWbe WdWi b Zp[a´ki " aWi fWh[Zp[j_ b_[je WdW_ jhWkak cWp] `Wc cW d $ |
|
D[h[aec[dZ `Wc Wjl hj _[h Y[i Zkhj_ Wi j i ZWhX XWi bW_a " `e j Z ]WZ `kc de _[h Y[i |
|
_[a fki[i ijhWk`_ lWh _pfb ij aWhiji jlW_ai$ |
|
D[ [c_[j h jhWkaki de jhWkak cWp] `Wc i cW dWi f_hci cWp] WdWi Y_abW X[_] c$ |
|
AWZ cWp] WdWi Y_abi _h X[_Zp_[i" Wjl_[de`_[j _[h Y_ de [b[ajh_ia kd Z[di fWZ[l[i j abW$ |
|
?[a hjWi h[cedjW kd Wfaef[i ZWhXki Zh aij l[_aj j_aW_ Wkjeh_p ji i[hl_iW kp ckci lW_ |
|
[b[ajh_ì_i Wh WjX_bije k f_[h[Zp_$ @ _pcWdje j_aW_ eh_ _d b i h[p[hl[i ZW´Wi$ |
L_if h `_[ Zhe XWi dej[_akc_ |
|
|
CWp] WdWi b Zp[a´_" aWi fWh[Zp j_ jhWkak cWp] `Wc c cW d c" lWh _phW_i j ì c_iaki |
|
WfZ[]kcki" iWiaWhej_[i Wh WY c" ckj_ lW_ h ab_$ LWh X j Zp l XW_ X ijWc_ ?[l he`_[j |
|
cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´k hW¯ej `k id_[]j i Zhe XWi _dijhkaY_`Wi$ |
|
ÙZ[di @ ik cWp] `Wc cW d dWl fWh[Zp ji Zp[h WdW_" `e _[a hj lWh WjhWij_[i fWb_[aWi de |
|
cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´_[c$ |
|
JhWkak cWp] `Wc i cW dWi Zkhj_ c l_[dc h ` X j Y_[j Á ]Wd jWZ" aWZ jW` WjheZWi |
|
jhWka_" ]Wd jWZ" aWZ j _h jka W$ J @ i deZhe _d i_j_[i fh[j je" aW a Zi W_p j i W_pì[hi_[i kd |
|
iWlW_dei_[i$ |
|
D[i Z_[j kd d[a f_[j kp Wjl hj c Zkhj_ c$ |
|
D[a Z ]WZ `kc d[ZWhX_d_[j jhWkak cWp] `Wce cW dk" `W _h Xe` ji [b[ajh_iaW_i aWX[b_i lW_ |
Z[di fWZ[l[i ´ j[d[ kd `W lWZ XWi fWd[b_c" l_hi `W_ ZW´W_ lW_ aehfkiWc _h j Z_ Xe` `kc_"
aW lWh h[Zp j _[h Y[i _[a ` i Z[jW´Wi$ BW_ d[f_[´Wkjk _[if `Wc i jhWkcWi" l hi_[j_[i
Wkjeh_p jW` ab_[djk i[hl_iW Y[djh $
8 hdk Zhe XW
?[h Y_ Zh aij b_[jej j_aW_ f_[Wk]k _[$ D[´Wk`_[j X hd_[c ZWhXej_[i Wh _[h Y_ X[p kphWkZp XWi$Jkh_[j l_iki _[fWae`kck cWj[h_ bki X hd_[c d[f_[[`Wc l_[j $ FWij l h_iai deicWaj$
Jkh_[j l_iki cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´ki X hd_[c d[f_[[`Wc l_[j $
D[bW_Z_[j X hdki f_[ jhWkak cWp] `Wc i _[h Y[i" aWZ Zkhj_ Wi _h Wjl hjWi$
Kpij Z WdW
F hXWkZ_[j" lW_ jhWdifehj WdWi bW_a _[h Y[_ dWl hWZk _[i Xe` `kc_$ D[a Z ]WZ `kc d[f_[ib Zp_[j _[h Y_ [b[ajh_iaW`Wc j abWc" `W jW_ _h Xe` `kc_$ J Z ]WZ `kc l hi_[j_[i f_[
)
P:< +&'
f_[] Z j `W$
F_hci _[h Y[i kpij Z WdWi l_i_[c _[fWae`kcW cWj[h_ b_[c ` X j de [cj_[c$
L_iki _dijWb Y_`Wi ZWhXki" aWi d[f_[Y_[ Wc_ jhWkak cWp] `Wc i cW dWi kpij Z WdW_" Zh aij l[_aj j_aW_ aecf[j[dji [b[ajhecedj_[h_i lW_ Y_ji Wjj_[Y ] i depWh[i if[Y_ b_iji$
D[j_[a Wj´WkjW kpbWXe`kck l[_a WdW _[h Y[_$
D[a Z ]WZ `kc d[j_[a Wj´WkjW YWkhkck khX WdW _[h Y[i i dk i_[d i Á j Z l[_Z lWh iWXe` j ^_ZhWkb_ak lW_ [b[ajhe_dijWb Y_`k$
KPC7DÚ8K
F_hci _[h Y[i f_[ib ] WdWi [b[ajh_iaW`Wc kd Z[di fWZ[l[i j abWc kpcWd ]_ _pf_bZ_[j fhWi XWi" aWi
WfhWaij jWi WjX_bije W` _dijhkaY_`Wi iWZW´ $
LWZ XWi fWd[b_i kd j dep c[
Fhe]hWcck _pf_bZ[i _dZ_aWjehi
9_fWhk Z_ifb[`i <kdaY_ed b i fe]Wi
?pib ] WdWi fe]W Fhe]hWcck _pl b[i fe]Wi
Fe]W Wjb_ajW_i ijWhji
I bi kd iaWbe WdWi b Zp[a´W _[f_bZ WdWi _dZ_aWjehi
KPC7DÚ8K
D[W_pc_hij_[j" aW j Zk ef[h Y_`k" a 0
# cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck _pl b["
# _[h Y[i kpij Z `kc_ Z[di c aij_d WdW_" _pf_bZ WdWi bW_a _[h Y[_ @v8ÙJ kpij Z `kck h[¯ c 0
Deif_[Z_[j _pib ] WdWi fe]k$ @W _[Z[]Wi L?I? fhe]hWcck _pl b[i fe]k _dZ_aWjeh_" jWi dep c " aW _[h Y[ WjheZWi kpij Z `kck h[¯ c $
Deif_[Z_[j _pib ] WdWi fe]k$ @W _[Z[]Wi J?A7? L?;DI fhe]hWcck _pl b[i fe]k _dZ_aWjehi" jWi dep c " aW W_pl_[d kpij Z jW f Z ` _pf_bZ c fhe]hWccW$
J Z ]WZ `kc d[f_[Y_[ Wci fhe]hWcck WjY[bj iaWj j _dijhkaY_`k Ô?pf_bZ c i cWp] WdWi
fhe]hWccWi WjY[b WdWÄ $
*
P:< +&'
IaWbe WdWi b Zp[a´k ?[Z[]Wi" aWZ iaWbe WdWi fhe]hWccW_ d[f_[Y_[ Wc_ cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´_$ f_[l_[de WdWi
_dZ_aWjehi
I bi f_[l_[de WdWi _dZ_aWjehi
Fhe]hWcck _pf_bZ[i _dZ_aWjehi
<kdaY_ed b i fe]Wi
Fhe]hWcck _pl b[i fe]Wi
?[Z[]Wi" aWZ heZWi d[f_[Y_[ Wc XW f Y if[Y_ b i bi _[l_[je WdWi _[h Y $
?[Z[]Wi" aWZ kpij Z jW cWp] WdWi fhe]hWccW$ Û_i _dZ_aWjehi _[Z[]Wi" `W _[ijWj ji 7JB?AJ7?I IJ7HJI" kd _[Z[]Wi de `WkdW" aWZ X[_ZpWi WjfWaW´[`e bW_aW WjiaW_j[ kd i aWi cWp] WdWi fhe]hWccW$
B Zpj[aki cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck _pl b[_ i fe]Wi ´Wk` _[ijWj j ZWi \kdaY_`Wi0
# kpij Z `kc_ Z[di c aij_d WdW_
# _pf_bZ c i fhe]hWccWi WjY[b WdW
CWp] WdWi fhe]hWccWi WjY[b WdW0
'$ Deif_[Z_[j _pib ] WdWi fe]k$
($ Deif_[Z_[j _pl b j i fhe]hWccWi fe]k" Wjj_[Y ] i fhe]hWccWi
_dZ_aWjehi jkhf_d i Z[]j" X[j f h `e fhe]hWcck _dZ_aWjeh_
deZp_i i$ Kp Y_fWhk Z_ifb[`W fWh Z i fhe]hWccWi _pf_bZ[i bW_ai
c_d j i $
)$ ?[Z[]Wi fhe]hWcck _pf_bZ[i _dZ_aWjehi$ *$ Fhe]hWccW i a ZWhX Xk Wfc hWc ) i[akdZ[i f Y f Z ` i fe]Wi
deif_[ WdWi$ ?pf_bZ c i fhe]hWccWi bW_ai kp Y_fWhW Z_ifb[`W
f hij ` c_h]ej" kd _[Z[]Wi fhe]hWccWi _pf_bZ[i _dZ_aWjehi$
KPC7DÚ8K
BW_ _pcW_d jk fhe]hWcck j i ZWhX XWi bW_a " d[f_[Y_[ Wci WjY[bj [ie e
cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck$
?pf_bZ c i cWp] WdWi fhe]hWccWi WjY[b WdW
'$ L_[dbW_Y ]_ deif_[Z_[j kd jkh_[j \kdaY_ed b i fe]Wi ( kd )" aWc h
_[Z[]Wi L?I? fhe]hWcck fe]k _dZ_aWjeh_$ ($ 7jbW_Z_[j \kdaY_ed b i fe]Wi ( kd )$
)$ Deif_[Z_[j _pib ] WdWi fe]k" bW_ _[ib ]jk _[h Y_" lW_ _pl b_[j_[i
Y_jk cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck f hXWkZ_[j _[X hje cWp] WdWib Zp[a´k ZWkZpkck $
+
P:< +&'
Û \kdaY_`W ´Wk` Wjb_aj fhe]hWccWi ijWhjk kp bW_ak de ' b Zp '/ ijkdZ c$ F_hci cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck _pl b[i deif_[Z_[j _pib ] WdWi fe]k" jWZ fe]k 7JB?AJ7?I IJ7HJI" aWc h kp Y_fWhk Z_ifb[`W d[fWh Z i Wjb_ak W_i bW_ai ijkdZ i b Zp 7JB?AJ7@7C IJ7HJ7C$ ?pl b_[j_[i cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck" kd kp Y_fWhk Z_ifb[`W kp a Zk Xh Z_ fWh Z i_[i _pf_bZ c i fhe]hWccWi _b]kci" kd f Y jWc WjaWb fWh Z i_[i _pl b jW_i bW_ai b Zp 7JB?AJ7@7C IJ7HJ7C$ AWZ bW_ai ijkdZ i f hij i c_h]ej kp Z_ifb[`W" i ai_[i bW_aW WjfWaW´ WjiaW_j[ b Zp fWj 7JB?AJ7@7C IJ7HJ7C$ 7_paWl j bW_aW WjiaW_j[i X[_] i Wkjec j_ia_ _[ib ]i_[i cWp] WdWi fhe]hWccW$
7JB?AJv IJ7HJ7 _pf_bZ[i WjY[b WdW
BW_ WjY[bjk 7JB?AJv IJ7HJ7 _pf_bZ_" d[f_[Y_[ Wci l[_aj Wja hjejk _[h Y[i Fe]W Wjb_ajW_i ijWhji _[ib ] Wdk1 iaWj_[j _dijhkaY_`Wi iWZW´ ÔCWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck _pf_bZ[i
WjY[b WdWÄ$
KPC7DÚ8K
7J?BAJv IJ7HJ7 WjY[b WdW j fWj dep c kpij Z j i cWp] WdWi fhe]hWccWi WjY[b Wdk$ J Z ]WZ `kc d[f_[Y_[ Wci _pl b_[j_[i cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck de `WkdW$
KPC7DÚ8K
J fWj lWh _pl b_[j_[i cWp] WdWi fhe]hWcck kd 7JB?AJE IJ7HJK Wh l_[]b_ W_pl hj c Zkhj_ c$ ÛW` ]WZ `kc fhe]hWccWi i akci lW_ bW_aW WjfWaW´ WjiaW_j[ dej_ai f Y Zkhj_ k W_pl h WdWi$ B Zp jWc Xh Z_c lWh cW_d j kpij Z jei _[ijWj `kcki$
Fhe]hWcck jWXkbW
Fhe]hWccW |
?pcWdje WdW |
Fhe]hWcck i[Y XW |
||
?dj[di l -& 9 |
|
|
7k]ijW d[j h XWi fWa f[$ FehY[b dW |
I akcW Á fWcWjW cWp] WdW Á ( fWa f`k |
|
||||
|
|
|
_pijh Z `kc_" ]WbZW fh_[a c[j_" aWjb_" |
iaWbe WdW Á Ïd bW iaWbe WdW # ¯ l WdW |
|
|
|
fWddWi$ |
|
7kjec j_ia ,+ " +& 9 |
Dehc bW d[j h XWi fWa f[$ FehY[b dW |
I akcW Á fWcWjW cWp] WdW Á fWa f`k |
||
|
|
|
_pijh Z `kc_" ]WbZW fh_[a c[j_$ |
iaWbe WdW Á Ïd bW iaWbe WdW Á ¯ l WdW |
)& c_d k ,+ 9 |
P[cW d[j h XWi fWa f[$ FehY[b dW |
FWcWjW cWp] WdW Á Ïd bW iaWbe WdW |
||
|
|
|
_pijh Z `kc_" ]WbZW fh_[a c[j_$ |
|
;aedec_ia +& 9 |
Dehc bW d[j h XWi fWa f[$ |
I akcW Á fWcWjW cWp] WdW Á ' fWa f[i |
||
|
|
|
FehY[b dW _pijh Z `kc_" ]WbZW |
iaWbe WdW Á Ïd bW iaWbe WdW Á ¯ l WdW |
|
|
|
fh_[a c[j_$ |
|
IaWbe WdW kd ]W_Z WdW |
@[Xa ZW d[j h XWi fWa f[$ |
I akcW cWp] WdW |
||
|
|
|
F_[´Wk`WcW d[f_bdW jhWkak _[b Z[ |
|
|
|
|
WfhWaij ji j b a $ ÛW_ fhe]hWccW_ |
|
|
|
|
dWl lW`WZp ]_ cWp] WdWi b Zp[a´_$ |
|
CWp] WdWi fhe]hWccWi h[¯ c Ô7kjec j_ia fhe]hWccWÄ$
H[¯ c Ô7kjec j_ia fhe]hWccWÄ fhe]hWccWi _pf_bZ[i bW_a jhWkak cWp] `Wc cW dW WjfWp ij jhWkak d[j h XWi fWa f_ f Y cWp] WdWi Z[di$
,