YOKOGAWA YFA11, YF100 User's Manual

INSTRUCTION
MANUAL

Model YF100
Vortex Flowmeter

(Integral Type, Remote Type)

Model YFA11
Vortex Flow Converter

(Remote Type)

(Style E)

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

1st Edition, March 1998

Printed in U.S.A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1 General Overview ............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Principle of Operation....................................................................................... 1

1.2.1 Vortex shedding.................................................................................... 1

1.2.2 K-factor................................................................................................ 2

1.2.3 Qmin .................................................................................................... 3

1.2.4 Uniquely vortex.................................................................................... 3

1.2.5 Vortex frequency .................................................................................. 3

1.2.6 Available outputs.................................................................................. 3

1.3 Standard Specifications ..................................................................................... 4

1.4 Basic Sizing ...................................................................................................... 7

1.4.1 Flowmeter sizing .................................................................................. 7

1.5 Model and Suffix Codes ................................................................................... 9

II. QUICK START ......................................................................................................... 22

2.1 Parameter Setting in BRAIN Communications ................................................ 22

2.2 YEWFLO Setup ............................................................................................. 25

2.2.1 Liquid, gas or steam in mass flow units .............................................. 26

2.2.2 Steam flow in energy units ................................................................. 28

2.2.3 Gas volumetric referenced to standard conditions ............................... 30

2.2.4 Liquid, gas, or steam in volumetric units at flowing conditions .......... 32

2.3 Parameter Setting in HART Communications ................................................. 34

2.3.1 Communication Specifications ........................................................... 34

2.3.2 Hardware Recommendations .............................................................. 35

III. INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................... 36

3.1 Piping Requirements ....................................................................................... 36

3.1.1 Pipe schedule ..................................................................................... 37

3.1.2 Flow direction and orientation ............................................................ 37

3.1.3 Pressure and temperature taps ............................................................ 37

3.1.4 Flushing the pipe ................................................................................ 38

3.1.5 Gaskets .............................................................................................. 38

3.2 Installing the Vortex Meter.............................................................................. 38

3.2.1 Installing the wafer style vortex meter ................................................ 38

3.2.2 Installing the wafer style vortex meter horizontally ............................ 39

3.2.3 Installing the wafer style vortex meter vertically ................................ 39

3.2.4 Installing the flanged vortex meter ..................................................... 40

3.2.5 Insulating vortex meters with integral converter ................................. 40

3.2.6 Rotating the meter housing ................................................................. 41

3.2.7 Remote converter terminal box rotation.............................................. 41

3.2.8 Integral converter rotation .................................................................. 41

3.2.9 Installing the remote converter ........................................................... 42

3.3 Wiring ........................................................................................................... 43

3.3.1 Cables and wires (analog or pulse output wires only) ......................... 43

3.3.2 Analog output, 2-wire type (4-20 mADC)........................................... 43

3.3.3 Pulse output, 3-wire type .................................................................... 44

3.3.4 Interconnection for remote converter .................................................. 45

3.4 Cable ........................................................................................................... 46

3.4.1 Field terminating the signal cable (YF011-0*E).................................. 46

3.5 Wiring Cautions .............................................................................................. 49

3.5.1 Flameproof transmitter installation ..................................................... 49

3.5.2 Cautions for insulation and dielectric strength testing ......................... 49

3.5.3 Instruction document for FM explosionproof instruments................... 50

3.5.4 Wiring cautions for CSA intrinsic safety............................................. 52

3.5.5 Wiring cautions for FM intrinsic safety .............................................. 54

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

IV. MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................... 58

4.1 How to ........................................................................................................... 58

4.1.1 Communicating with the YEWFLO remotely ..................................... 59

4.1.2 Adjusting zero and span ..................................................................... 60

4.1.3 Using self-diagnostics ........................................................................ 61

4.1.4 Simulating an output/performing a loop check.................................... 62

4.1.5 Changing the output mode to analog or pulse ..................................... 63

4.1.6 Increasing gas and steam flow measurement accuracy by correcting

for gas expansion ............................................................................... 64

4.1.7 Activating Reynolds number correction.............................................. 65

4.1.8 Activating mismatched pipe schedule (bore) correction ...................... 66

4.1.9 Setting up and resetting the internal totalizer ...................................... 67

4.1.10 Scaling the pulse output ..................................................................... 68

4.1.11 Setting up user defined flow units ...................................................... 69

4.1.12 Setting up the local LCD indicator display mode ................................ 70

4.1.13 Setting the low cut flowrate ................................................................ 71

4.1.14 Trimming the 4-20 mA analog output ................................................. 72

4.1.15 Using the upload/download feature .................................................... 74

4.2 Disassembly and Reassembly.......................................................................... 75

4.2.1 Indicator/Totalizer removal ................................................................ 75

4.2.2 Amplifier replacement ........................................................................ 75

4.3 Vortex Shedder Assembly Removal ................................................................ 76

4.3.1 Removal of shedder from remote converter type................................. 76

4.3.2 Removal of the shedder from integral type ......................................... 77

4.4 Reassembly Cautions ...................................................................................... 78

4.4.1 YEWFLO shedder bolt torque procedures .......................................... 78

4.5 YEWFLO Style "E" Amplifier Calibration Procedure ..................................... 81

4.5.1 General amplifier checkout ................................................................ 82

4.5.2 Analog output test .............................................................................. 82

4.5.3 Pulse output test ................................................................................. 83

V. PARAMETER SETTING/CONFIGURATION ....................................................... 84

5.1 Notes on the TBL optional digital display ....................................................... 84

5.1.1 Display contents in display section ..................................................... 85

VI. TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................................ 88

6.1 Error Code Listing .......................................................................................... 88

6.2 Operating Procedures ...................................................................................... 89

6.3 Flow Computation .......................................................................................... 92

6.3.1 Variable definitions ............................................................................ 92

6.3.2 Flow conversion factor ....................................................................... 93

6.4 Signal Conditioning ........................................................................................ 94

6.4.1 YEWFLO Style "E" signal adjustment procedure ............................... 94

6.4.2 Problem solving ................................................................................. 94

6.4.3 Piping checkout procedure ................................................................. 94

6.4.4 Noise balance adjustment ................................................................... 95

6.4.5 Noise judge ........................................................................................ 96

6.4.6 TLA adjustment ................................................................................. 96

6.4.7 Low-cut flowrate adjustment .............................................................. 97

6.4.8 High-frequency filter adjustment ........................................................ 97

6.5 Flowcharts ...................................................................................................... 98

6.5.1 No flowmeter output under flowing conditions................................... 98

6.5.2 Flowmeter output with no flow......................................................... 100

6.5.3 Large flowmeter errors ..................................................................... 101

6.5.4 Output is unstable when flowrate is low ........................................... 102

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VII. GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................... 103

APPENDIXES:

Appendix A: Parameter Details ............................................................................. 107

Appendix B: HART Parameter Details ................................................................... 115

Appendix C: Customer Maintenance Parts List
Appendix D: Dimensional Diagrams

INDEX

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INTRODUCTION

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

This manual provides installation, parameter setting, calibration, maintenance and troubleshooting
instructions for the YEWFLO Vortex flowmeter. Also included are standard specifications, model code
definitions, dimensional drawings and a parts lists.

All YEWFLO’ s are shipped pre-configured for your application. Therefore, if you included correct
process conditions with your order, no electronic setup or parameter setting is required. For piping
and wiring connections, refer to the Installation section.

If your process conditions have changed since your order was placed, please refer to the ‘ QUICK
START’ section which is designed to simplify configuration of the YEWFLO software parameters.
Please refer to the index for immediate access to a specific procedure or the glossary located at the end
of this manual for further information on a specific term.

If you have any questions concerning the YEWFLO you received, please contact your local Yokogawa
Industrial Automation Representative or our headquarters office in Newnan, GA at 770-254-0400.

If you have technical questions regarding the installation, operation, setup or application of a
YEWFLO, please contact our Technical Assistance Center (TAC) at 800-524-SERV.

Yokogawa has manufactured this instrument according to rigorous ISO 9000 quality standards. To
ensure quality performance we recommend referencing our YEWFLO sizing program to determine the
level at which your application should be run as well as a straight meter run of 20 diameters upstream
and 5 diameters downstream. In addition to these suggestions, please follow the instructions in this
manual carefully.

We are not responsible for any instrument’ s performance, if that instrument has not been properly
applied or installed in accordance with this manual, nor can we be responsible for the performance of
any instrument which has been modified or repaired by an unauthorized service center.

Note: Existing YEWFLO Style C vortex flowmeters may be upgraded to provide the features and benefits

of the New microprocessor-based Style "E" YEWFLO.

1.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.2.1 Vortex shedding

How many of you have seen a flag flapping in the breeze on a windy day? Everybody has. How many
of you have noticed that the flag flaps faster as the wind blows faster? Few haven’ t. When you see a
flag flapping in the breeze, you are witnessing the same phenomenon that makes a vortex flowmeter
work. The flapping frequency is proportional to the velocity of the wind, and it’ s linear! The flapping
is caused by a vortex alternately being created on either side of the flag, and moving downstream with
the wind. The vortex is a swirl of low pressure, like a tornado, that pulls the flag in the direction of the
vortex. The passing of alternating vortices down the length of the flag causes it to flap. The faster the
wind blows, the faster these vortices are created, and the faster the flag flaps. Frequency is
proportional to velocity .

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INTRODUCTION

The flapping flag is a familiar example of vortex shedding that everyone should be comfortable with.
Here’ s how it’ s used in a vortex flowmeter. A non-streamlined part (bluff body) is inserted in the flow
stream, this obstruction in the pipe causes vortices to be alternately created (shed). We call this part
the ‘ shedder bar’ . The shedder bar in a YEWFLO performs two functions, it creates the vortices, and
with the addition of our piezoelectric crystals senses them too. The crystals generate an alternating
voltage waveform whose frequency is proportional to fluid velocity. The rest of the magic is taken care
of in the electronics.

Figure 1.2.1: Karman Vortices

1.2.2 K-factor

The most important fact about vortex shedding is that once the physical geometry, (pipe I.D., shedder
bar width, etc.), are fixed, the frequency vs. flowrate (K-factor (pulse/gallon)) is unaffected by
changes in viscosity, density or pressure over the operating range of the specific application. To
determine the operating range use the YEWFLO Sizing program. On the other hand, an orifice plate is
directly affected by changes in any of these parameters. There is a very small temperature effect due to
expansion or contraction of the shedder bar width, which is easily compensated. Therefore, the K­factor created in our flow stand (all YEWFLOs are wet flow calibrated) on water, is accurate for gas
too! Not so with an orifice plate. The benefit here is simplified calculations, and fewer things that
can effect accuracy .

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Figure 1.2.2: Relationship between K-factor and Reynolds Numbers

INTRODUCTION

1.2.3 Qmin

Those of you who haven’ t used many vortex flowmeters may be wondering, ‘ Why do we need to know
viscosity, density, pressure and temperature?’ . While the K-factor is unaffected by changes in
viscosity, density and pressure, the velocity at which vortices begin to be created and become stable
enough to measure accurately will vary. We refer to this velocity as Qmin, stated in desired flow units
GPM, SCFH, etc. Here’ s an example to help you understand. Let’ s go back to the flag example.
We’ ve all seen the flag flapping in the breeze; however, on some days we can feel the breeze blowing,
but the flag isn’ t flapping. Why not? For the flag to flap, there must be enough breeze blowing, or
energy, to lift the flag and create fully developed vortices. This is the same thing that happens in the
vortex flowmeter.

The higher the fluid viscosity, the higher the velocity (more energy) required to start vortex shedding.
On the other hand, the higher the density, the lower the velocity needed to start vortex shedding. In
gases, viscosity and density can vary with pressure and temperature. Sounds complicated, but
compared to an orifice plate it’ s quite simple. By using the YEWFLO sizing program, vortex meter
selection is simple. Simply enter the process conditions, the program will prompt you for them, and
presto, a performance table for all meter sizes is generated. This performance table will help you
select the best YEWFLO for the application.

1.2.4 Uniquely vortex

Vortex shedding flowmeters measure flow digitally. This means, amplitude of the vortex signal is
unimportant. As long as the flow is above the Qmin threshold, only the presence or absence of a
vortex is important. Just like digital electronics, as long as the voltage is above or below a threshold
value, it is either on or off. Digital flow measurement means no zero drift or span shift . Orifice plate
flowmeters, for example, cannot make this claim, even if they are using microprocessor-based digital
D/P transmitters, they still measure the small amplitude of deflection caused by differential pressure,
and changes in temperature or pressure can shift zero and span.

1.2.5 Vortex frequency

The YEWFLO uses piezoelectric crystals embedded in the shedder bar . Note that they are 1)
hermetically sealed, and 2) surrounded by a heavy wall thickness , to protect them from the

environment and the process. The positioning of the crystals is important. Although one crystal
primarily measures flow frequency, it unfortunately picks up some pipe vibration noise. The other
crystal is positioned such that it picks up primarily the pipe vibration noise. By electronically
subtracting these two signals, we are able to obtain a high signal to noise ratio for the flow signal .
The new Style "E" body design also improves the signal to noise ratio, by stiffening the shedder bar
mounting in the measurement plane, further isolating it from pipe vibration.

1.2.6 Available outputs

After processing the digital vortex frequency as described above, what outputs can you get? You can
select either 4-20 mA output or voltage pulse, digital output. Output is selected by setting jumpers on
the amplifier board, and the setting the software for pulse or analog output. Analog output is two­wire, and pulse output is a three-wire connection (for details see the wiring section). The pulse output
can be scaled over a range of 0-6000 Hz, down or up to maximize pulse resolution. Scaling up the
frequency output can be done to improve resolution. The pulse output is also capable of driving many
electromechanical totalizers directly without additional power.

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INTRODUCTION

1.3 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

NOTE: For special applications, please contact your local Yokogawa Industrial Automation representative to

discuss possible enhancements to these standard specifications.

Fluids to be measured: Liquid, gas or steam

Performance specifications:

Repeatability: 0.2% of reading
Accuracy and velocity range :

Fluid Accuracy: Pulse Output Accuracy: Analog Output Velocity

Liquid ±0.8% of reading ±0.8% of reading plus up to 32 ft/sec

Gas or ±0.8% of reading ±0.8% of reading plus up to 115 ft/sec
Steam ±0.1% of full scale

±1.5% of reading ±1.5% of reading plus from 115 ft/sec

Note: Gas accuracy can be improved to 0.8% over the full range by built-in software compensation. (See

how to section 4.10.)

Output signal:

Analog: 4 to 20 mADC
Pulse: Low level 0 to 2 V

High level Vs - 2V ( Vs = input supply voltage)
Pulse width 50% duty cycle

±0.1% of full scale

±0.1% of full scale to 262 ft/sec

Ambient temperature limits:

-40º to 175ºF (-40º to 80ºC): standard unit w/o agency approval ratings

-20º to 175ºF (-30º to 80ºC): with optional digital indicator

-40º to 140ºF (-40º to 60ºC): with FM explosion-proof rating

-40º to 120ºF (-40º to 50ºC): with CSA intrinsically safe rating for integral converter

-40º to 175ºF (-40º to 80ºC): with CSA intrinsically safe rating for remote converter

Process temperature limits:

Standard remote converter: -40º to 575ºF (-40º to 300ºC)
HPT remote converter: -40º to 755ºF (-40º to 402ºC)
Cryogenic remote converter: -320º to 300ºF (-200º to 150ºC)
Integral converter: See Figure 1.3.1

Storage temperature limits:

Integral or remote standard unit: -40º to 176ºF (-40º to 80ºC)
With integral indicator or totalizer: -22º to 80ºF (-30º to 140ºC)

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INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.3.1: Operating temperature range for integral type converter

Power supply and load resistance:

Analog output: 17 to 42 VDC (see Figure 1.3.2)
Pulse output: 14 to 30 VDC

Maximum output wire resistance: 50 ohms
Maximum line capacitance: 0.22 microfarad

Ambient humidity limits:

5 to 100% relative humidity

Process pressure limits:

-14.7 psi (full vacuum) to flange rating

Materials of construction:
Process wetted parts:

Body: CF8M (ANSI 316 stainless steel) or Hastelloy C (equivalent of

ASTM494, CW12MW)

Shedder bar: Duplex stainless steel (CD4MCU equivalent to ANSI 329 stainless

steel) or Hastelloy C (equivalent of ASTM494, CW12MW)

Non-wetted parts:

Amplifier housing: Aluminum alloy casting
Paint: Case - Polyurethane resin baked coating, frosty white

Cover - Polyurethane resin baked coating, deep, sea moss green

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INTRODUCTION

Analog Output :

Figure 1.3.2: Relationship between power supply voltage and load resistance for analog output version

Pulse Output: Pulse output voltage = Vs-2v-∆v

where ∆v = due to external load resistance

Vs = Power Supply Voltage
2v = 2 volts

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Figure 1.3.3: Load resistance vs. pulse output voltage drop

INTRODUCTION

1.4 BASIC SIZING

Measurable Flow Rates in U.S. gpm

Nominal Size

1.4.1 Flowmeter sizing

LIQUID

Nominal Size Minimum and Maximum

Notes: 1) This table assumes standard

conditions of 59ºF (15ºC).

2) Maximum flowrates are based
on 32 ft/sec.

3) These figures are
approximations. Refer to the
Yewflo sizing program for the
exact minimum and maximum
for your application.

4) The values shown in parenthesis
is the minimum linear flowrate.

5) Proper pipe bracing may be
required to obtain minimum

mm inch

15 ½ 1.3 -4.2 and 27
25 1 2 -7.3 and 82
40 1½ 5.9 -11.3 and 196
50 2 9.8 -14.5 and 324

80 3 20 and 628
100 4 33 and 1100
150 6 79 and 2400
200 8 150 and 4290
250 10 265 and 6460
300 12 300 and 9260

flowrate.

Table 1.4.1: Water -Flowmeter Range

GAS

Flow Rate Minimum Linear and Maximum Measurable Air Flow Rates in SCFH

(inches) Limits (Standard conditions are 59ºF and 14.7 psia) at process line pressure

0 psig 50 psig 100 psig 150 psig 200 psig 300 psig 400 psig 500 psig

½ min 172 361 500 719 939 1379 1822 2266

max 1700 7492 13302 19128 24967 36692 48454 60266

1 min 400 839 1118 1486 1940 2851 3765 4683

max 5267 23215 41217 59268 77362 113692 150137 186737

1½ min 792 1919 3037 4061 5026 6838 8970 11157

max 1267 55397 98355 141428 184604 271296 358263 445599

2 min 1313 2756 4080 5867 7658 11254 14862 18485

max 20821 91779 162951 234313 305846 449474 593557 738253

3 min 2534 5321 7877 11326 14784 21726 28691 35685

max 40196 177182 314580 452347 590443 867720 1145876 1425214

4 min 4423 10710 16953 22670 28055 38174 50076 62283

max 70157 309249 549061 789516 1030544 1514497 1999984 2487535

6 min 9685 29678 46977 64927 84749 124548 164473 204567

max 153618 677145 1202247 1728757 2256524 3316208 4379250 5446812

8 min 20851 68121 107827 144185 178437 242799 303286 265774

max 274675 1010761 2149664 3091086 4034753 5929510 7830269 9739113

10 min 37370 122437 193804 259153 320716 436397 545115 649056

max 424752 1872295 3324193 4779987 6239253 9169263 12108556 15060351

12 min 53518 175343 277549 371134 459300 624968 780663 929518

max 608291 2681328 4760604 6845457 8935284 13131375 17340759 21568047

1

Notes: 1) Maximum flowrates are based on 262 ft/sec.

Table 1.4.2: Air-Flowmeter Range

2) These figures are approximations. Refer to the sizing program for the exact minimum and
maximum flowrates for your application.

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INTRODUCTION

STEAM

Nominal Size Flow Rate Minimum Linear and Maximum Measurable Saturated Steam Flow Rates in lb/hr

(inches) Limits

15 psig 25 psig 50 psig 75 psig 100 psig 125 psig 150 psig 175 psig 200 psig 250 psig 300 psig

½ min 12.8 14.6 18.4 21.5 24.1 26.5 28.7 30.7 32.6 36.6 43.4

max 122 161 254 346 437 527 616 705 765 973 1154

1 min 29.7 34 42.8 49.9 56.1 61.6 66.6 71.3 75.7 83.7 91.2

max 379 498 788 1071 1353 1632 1910 2185 2464 3014 357

1½ min 58.7 67.3 84.6 98.6 118 137 156 173 191 224 257

max 905 1188 1879 2554 3228 3894 4557 5215 5879 7192 8530

2 min 97.5 111 140 164 184 202 219 234 248 298 354

max 1500 1969 3113 4232 5349 6452 7550 8639 9740 11916 14133

3 min 188 216 271 316 355 390 422 452 480 576 683

max 2895 3800 6010 8170 10326 12455 14576 16678 18804 23004 27283

4 min 328 376 472 551 659 766 869 967 1065 1251 1434

max 5054 6633 10490 14260 18023 21739 25440 29109 32820 40150 47620

6 min 719 824 1184 1515 1827 2122 2407 2681 2951 3467 3974

max 11065 14523 22969 31224 39463 47600 55705 63739 71864 87914 104270

8 min 1549 1885 2720 3477 4193 4872 5525 6153 6773 7958 9122

max 19785 25968 41070 55830 70561 85111 99603 113968 128496 157194 186439

10 min 2725 3387 4888 6249 7536 8756 9930 11060 12174 14304 16396

max 30596 40157 63509 86334 109114 131614 154024 176238 198703 243081 288305

12 min 3903 4851 7000 8949 10793 12539 14220 15839 17434 20485 23481

max 43816 57590 90952 123640 156263 188485 220578 252392 284564 348119 412883

at process line pressure

Table 1.4.3: Steam - Flowmeter Range

Notes: 1) Maximum flowrates are based on 262 ft/sec.

2) These figures are approximations. Refer to the sizing program for the exact minimum and
maximum flowrates for your applications.

Nominal Size Internal Diameter Cross Sectional Nominal Pulse Rate Nominal K-factor

(inches) (inches) Area (ft2) (Hz/ft/s) Pulse/US gal Pulse/ft

½

1

1½

2
3
4
6

8
10
12

0.57 0.0018 19.1 1423 10645

1.01 0.0056 10.8 259 1940

1.56 0.133 7.05 70.8 530

2.01 0.022 5.59 33.9 253

2.8 0.043 4.02 12.6 94.3

3.69 0.074 3 5.39 40.3

5.46 0.163 2.03 1.67 12.5

7.31 0.291 1.52 0.7 5.24

9.09 0.45 1.23 0.366 2.74

10.9 0.645 1.03 0.213 1.59

Table 1.4.4: Nominal K-factor and general flowmeter information

3

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YEWFLO

B3

ANSI 600 lb Wafer Flanges

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

*E

STAINLESS

WAFER

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF102 1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF104 1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF105 2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF108 3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF110 4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - STAINLESS WAFER

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

ANSI 150 lb Wafer Flanges

B1
B2 ANSI 300 lb Wafer Flanges

A-S3S3*E

Stainless Steel shedder bar & body

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/HPT

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/BLT

/SCT

HART communications

High temperature

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

304 SS nuts and bolts

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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Page 9

STAINLESS

FLANGED 150#

*E

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF110 4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF115 6.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF120 8.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF125 10.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF130 12.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - STAINLESS 150# FLANGE

CONFIGURATION

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

ANSI 150 lb RF flanges

A1

A-S3S3*E

Stainless Steel shedder bar & body

/FMF

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

/HART

/HPT

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

OPTIONS

HART communications

High temperature

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

*E

STAINLESS

FLANGED 300#

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF110 4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF115 6.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF120 8.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF125 10.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF130 12.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - STAINLESS 300# FLANGE

CONFIGURATION

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

ANSI 300 lb RF flanges

A2

A-S3S3*E

Stainless Steel shedder bar & body

/FMF

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

/HART

/HPT

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

OPTIONS

HART communications

High temperature

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

Page 11

STAINLESS

FLANGED 600#

*E

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF110 4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF115 6.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF120 8.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - STAINLESS 600# FLANGE

CONFIGURATION

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

ANSI 600 lb RF flanges

A3

A-S3S3*E

Stainless Steel shedder bar & body

/FMF

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

/HART

/HPT

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

OPTIONS

HART communications

High temperature

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA
Page 12

YEWFLO

B3

ANSI 600 lb RF flanges

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

*E

HASTELLOY C

WAFER

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF102 1.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF104 1.5" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF105 2.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF108 3.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF110 4.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - HASTELLOY C WAFER

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

ANSI 150 lb RF flanges

B1
B2 ANSI 300 lb RF flanges

A-HCHC*E

CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Hastelloy C Shedder wetted parts

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

Page 13

HASTELLOY C
FLANGED 150#

*E

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange
YF110 4.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange
YF115 6.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - HASTELLOY C 150# FLANGE

CERTIFICATION

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

ANSI 150 lb RF flanges

A1

A-HCHC*E

Hastelloy C Shedder wetted parts

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA
Page 14

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

*E

HASTELLOY C
FLANGED 300#

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange
YF110 4.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange
YF115 6.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

YEWFLO *E - HASTELLOY C 300# FLANGE

CERTIFICATION

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

ANSI 300 lb RF flanges

A2

A-HCHC*E

Hastelloy C wetted parts

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

Page 15

NACE MTLS

B3

ANSI 600 lb RF flanges

WAFER

MODEL

CODE

YF101
YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE Wafer

7

*E

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS WAFER

METER SIZES

0.5" I.D. NACE Wafer

CERTIFICATION

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

ANSI 150 lb RF flanges

B1
B2 ANSI 300 lb RF flanges

YEWFLO

A-HCS3*E

MATERIALS

Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA
Page 16

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

*E

NACE MTLS

7

FLANGED 150#

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange

YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS 150# FLANGE

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

ANSI 150 lb RF flanges

A1

A-HCS3*E

Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

Page 17

NACE MTLS

7

FLANGED 300#

*E

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange

YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS 300# FLANGE

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

ANSI 300 lb RF flanges

A2

A-HCS3*E

Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA
Page 18

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

*E

NACE MTLS

7

FLANGED 600#

MODEL

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange
YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange
YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange
YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange
YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange

YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS 600# FLANGE

-AAU

-AAD Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-AAR Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety

-NNN Remote converter

Integral , 4-20 mA or pulse

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

ANSI 600 lb RF flanges

A3

A-HCS3*E

Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

CERTIFICATION

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/OSW

/SCT

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Oxygen cleaning

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

Page 19

REMOTE

CONVERTER

*E

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL

CODE

YFA11 Remote Converter

-AUPA

-ADPA 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety

-ARPA Pulse output for intrinsic safety

YEWFLO *E - REMOTE CONVERTER

4-20 mA or pulse output

-01*E 0.5" body

-02*E 1.0" body

-04*E 1.5" body

-05*E 2.0" body

-08*E 3.0" body

-10*E 4.0" body

-15*E 6.0" body

-20*E 8.0" body

-25*E 10.0" body

-30*E 12.0" body

CONFIGURATION

METER SIZES

CERTIFICATION

/FMF
/FMS FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
/CSF CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
/CSS CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp

FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp

OPTIONS

/HART

/TBL

/EPF

/SCT

/Z

HART communications

Local interface

Epoxy-coated electronics housing

Stainless Steel tags wired into place

Additional cable, per foot

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Page 20

YEWFLO

*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

CABLE TYPE, *E

YF011 Remote meter interconnecting cable

CONFIGURATION

-1

Terminated ends

-0010F

-0015F 15 feet

-0030F 30 feet

-0050F 50 feet

-0065F 65 feet

METER SIZES

10 feet

CERTIFICATION

*E Style E

*E

PARTS

METERS

CABLE

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Page 21

QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

II. QUICK START

BT100/BT200 HANDHELD TERMINAL

Note: If you specified the correct process conditions on your order, these parameters have been preset at the

factory; therefore, there is no need to re-enter the data.

The Style E YEWFLO is a smart communicating device with microprocessor-based technology.
When used with Yokogawa’ s BT100 or BT200 handheld terminal (HHT), YEWFLO can be
configured to meet specific application needs. In addition, the optional local indicator/totalizer (TBL
option) allows setting of various parameters.

When in the analog output mode, the HHT may be connected at any point on the instrument's
4-20 mA loop. This connection superimposes a digital signal on top of the instrument’ s 4-20 mA
signal making communications completely transparent to your process signal. On the other hand,
since there are no 4-20 mA wires in the pulse mode, direct connection of the HHT to the HHT
PULSE and HHT COM test points on the amplifier is necessary. Once connected, flowrate and total
can be read, tag numbers entered, meter size or any other parameter modified as required.
Additionally, you may activate or deactivate many features of the YEWFLO as necessary to meet
the requirements of your application.

The HHT will enable you to scroll through the program until you locate the parameter that you wish
to change. For communication information, see “How to communicate with the YEWFLO remotely”
in the maintenance section. Please refer to the appropriate HHT instruction manual for details on
each HHT.

To change a parameter using the BT100, insert the removable key in the lock and turn it clockwise

to the ENABLE position. If the key is not in place or if it is in the INHIBIT position, you will receive an
OPERATION ERR message on the display when you press either the I NC or DE C key or try to enter

an alphanumeric value in any parameter. If this occurs, insert the key in the lock, turn it clockwise to

the ENABLE position then press either the I N C , DE C or alphanumeric key as before.

2.1 PARAMETER SETTING IN BRAIN™ COMMUNICATIONS

The Model YF100*E Vortex flowmeter incorporates BRAIN™ communication functions. These
functions enable the Vortex converter to remotely carry out the following functions by
communicating with the BRAIN™ Terminal (BT100 or BT200), µXL, or Centum-XL distributed
control systems.

• Setting or changing parameters required for vortex meter operation such as tag number, flow span
and process conditions for example.

• Monitoring flowrate, totalized flow and self-diagnostics.

• 4-20 mA loop check (simulated output) and totalizer reset.

Note: When the pulse/analog jumpers are set for a pulse output, Remote BRAIN™ communication on the

4-20 mA wires is not available. Therefore parameters cannot be set or read remotely. For the BT100
to operate in the pulse output mode, the instrument must be connected to the test points labeled HHT

Pulse and HHT Com. This allows access to all parameters.

Note: Only the position of the jumpers affects remote communication ability, the software setting of pulse or

4-20 mA has no effect.

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Page 22

QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

BT100 Basic Operation

1) POWER on.

2) First three key strokes will always display “Model No.” , Tag No.”, and “Self-check” .

3) Press ME N U key to select desired main menu.

4) Press P MT R key to move down through the selected menu.

5) Once a parameter has been selected, use the I NC or D E C keys to review options within the
parameter list. When data input is required, use the al pha key to toggl e between the al pha an d
n umeri c character s (A to Z, 0 to 9).

6) Once a parameter has been selected, push E NT twice to save the changes.

Notes: A ) Use the AL P H A key to move between al pha a n d n umeri c char acter s.

B) To back up i n t he pr ogr ammi n g sequen ce, push H key an d then P MT R when i n par amet er

mode or ME N U when i n mai n men u mode.

C) UP L D and DN L D keys permit copying settings from one instrument in BT100 non-volatile

memory to another instrument.

D) The automatic power-off of the BT100 automatically turns off the power when no key has been

pressed for about 5 minutes. This function is not active during the display A10: Flowrate %, A20:
Flowr ate, or A30: Total. The display of these values is updated every 5 seconds.

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Page 23

QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

BT200 Ba si c Operati on

1) Pr ess ON/OFF to acti vate power .

2) Pr ess E N T E R key when pr ompt ed.

3) “Model ”, “Tag N o.”, an d “Sel f-check” wi l l al ways be di splayed n ex t.

4) Pr ess F 4 to conti n ue. The mai n men u l i st wi l l be di splayed n ex t.

5) Hi ghl ight the desi red men u b y usi n g the up an d down movemen t ke ys. P r ess E NT E R to
access the sel ected men u.

6) Use the up an d down movemen t ke ys to hi ghl i ght the desi red parameter an d pr ess E NT E R to
access.

7) On ce a parameter has been sel ect ed ei ther:
a) Use the up an d down movemen t ke ys to r evi ew opti on s wi thi n t he par ameter . On ce the

appr opri ate opti on has b een sel ected, press E NT E R twice to edi t the sel ecti on .

b) Wher e data i n put i s requi r ed, use the al pha key to toggl e between t he al pha an d n umer i c

character s. Pr ess E NT E R twice to save the chan ges.

N otes: A ) The fun cti on keys (F 1 -F 4 ) ar e used to ex ecute the comman d s di s pl ayed at the bottom of the

scre e n .

B) Use the left (<) and right (>) movement keys to change whole page of displayed information. The

“ <“ key shows the preceding page and the “ >“ key the following page.

C) To select a desired alpha character, always use the appropriate S HI F T key. Use the green

shift key to select letters marked in green and the black shift key to select letters marked in black.

If the alpha/numeric keys are not used in conjunction with the S HI F T key, the numeric value

shown on the key will be displayed.

D) To go directly to a particular parameter anywhere in the menu tree while working in a menu, press

either S HI F T key and then press F 4 . Type the parameter designation (example B24) to be
displayed and press E NT E R .

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Page 24

QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

2.2 YEWFLO SETUP

Note: If you specified the correct process conditions on your order, these parameters have been preset at the

factory; therefore, there is no need to re-enter the data.

The purpose of a Quick Start is to address only those parameters which must be set to establish the
operation of a meter for this application. Follow the parameters listed below and enter the data for
your particular application.

With the BT100 or BT200 properly connected to the Vortex meter begin communicating by pressing

the power button. After the power up sequence is complete, go to “ Menu B: SET 1” . The operation of

the BT100 and BT200 are slightly different. Please refer to the ‘ Basic Handheld Terminal Operation’
if you are unfamiliar with how to move through the menus and parameters. The following flow chart
identifies only the parameters to be set, you may have to skip several parameters or menus to get to
the parameters shown below. Be sure to enter all values and selections shown below or they will

not be saved. If you make a typing error, use the CL R key to clear and re-enter.

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

Page 25

QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

2.3 PARAMETER SETTING IN HART™ COMMUNICATIONS

When specified, the model YF100*E vortex flowmeter can be provided with HART™
communication functions. (To determine if this field communication protocol has been
incorporated in your instrument, confirm the “HART” suffix is a part of the YEWFLO model code.)
These functions enable the vortex converter to remotely carry out the following by communicating
with the HART communicator:

· Setting or changing parameters required for vortex meter operation such as tag number, flow span
and process conditions.

· Monitoring flowrate, totalized flow and self-diagnostics.

· 4-20 mA loop check (simulated output) and totalizer rest

The HART communicator can interface with YEWFLO from the control room, via direct connection
to the amplifier, or any other wiring termination point on the 4-20 mA loop. Polarity does not matter.
There must be a minimum of 250 ohms between the connection and the power supply. Refer to
Figure 1.3.2 on page 7 for power supply voltage requirements and load resistance.

Note1: The output jumpers on the amplifier must be set to the analog position to communicate. Only the

position of the jumpers affects remote communication ability, the software setting of pulse or 4-20 mA
has no effect.

Note2: When Yewflo is supplied with the HART option, the TBL digital display/local operator interface

cannot be used for parameter setting and configuration. Only two parameters are supported by the
TBL:

Parameter E01: Total reset
Parameter E02: Display Select

The amplifier has been pre-configured at the factory, so no setup should be required prior to
installation. If your process conditions have changed and reprogramming is required, the menu/
parameter configuration list for YEWFLO/HART can be found in Appendix B in the back of this
manual. Refer to the instructions provided with your HART communicator or operation details. The
QUICK START section of this manual will address only those parameters which must be set to
establish the operation of the meter for a particular application. Appendix B will cross-reference the
BRAIN parameters to the corresponding HART parameters.

2.3.1 Communication Specifications

Method of communication: Frequency shift keying (FSK). Conforms with Bell 202 Modem standard
with respect to baud rate and digital “ 1” and “ 0” frequencies.

Baud Rate: 1,200 bps

Digital “0” Frequency: 2,200 Hz

Digital “1” Frequency: 1,200 Hz

Data Byte Structure: 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 odd parity bit, 1 stop bit

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Page 34