YOKOGAWA YFA11, YF100 User's Manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Model YF100

Vortex Flowmeter

(Integral Type, Remote Type)

Model YFA11

Vortex Flow Converter

(Remote Type)

(Style E)

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA

IM 1F2B4-01-YIA 1st Edition, March 1998 Printed in U.S.A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.	INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................			1
	1.1	General Overview .............................................................................................		1
	1.2	Principle of Operation.......................................................................................		1
		1.2.1	Vortex shedding....................................................................................	1
		1.2.2	K-factor ................................................................................................	2
		1.2.3	Qmin ....................................................................................................	3
		1.2.4	Uniquely vortex ....................................................................................	3
		1.2.5	Vortex frequency ..................................................................................	3
		1.2.6	Available outputs ..................................................................................	3
	1.3	Standard Specifications .....................................................................................		4
	1.4	Basic Sizing ......................................................................................................		7
		1.4.1	Flowmeter sizing ..................................................................................	7
	1.5	Model and Suffix Codes ...................................................................................		9

II.	QUICK START .........................................................................................................			22
	2.1	Parameter Setting in BRAIN Communications ................................................		22
	2.2	YEWFLO Setup .............................................................................................		25
		2.2.1 Liquid, gas or steam in mass flow units ..............................................		26
		2.2.2 Steam flow in energy units .................................................................		28
		2.2.3 Gas volumetric referenced to standard conditions ...............................		30
		2.2.4 Liquid, gas, or steam in volumetric units at flowing conditions ..........		32
	2.3	Parameter Setting in HART Communications .................................................		34
		2.3.1	Communication Specifications ...........................................................	34
		2.3.2	Hardware Recommendations ..............................................................	35

III.	INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................			36
	3.1	Piping Requirements .......................................................................................		36
		3.1.1	Pipe schedule .....................................................................................	37
		3.1.2 Flow direction and orientation ............................................................		37
		3.1.3 Pressure and temperature taps ............................................................		37
		3.1.4	Flushing the pipe ................................................................................	38
		3.1.5	Gaskets ..............................................................................................	38
	3.2	Installing the Vortex Meter ..............................................................................		38
		3.2.1 Installing the wafer style vortex meter ................................................		38
		3.2.2 Installing the wafer style vortex meter horizontally ............................		39
		3.2.3 Installing the wafer style vortex meter vertically ................................		39
		3.2.4 Installing the flanged vortex meter .....................................................		40
		3.2.5 Insulating vortex meters with integral converter .................................		40
		3.2.6	Rotating the meter housing .................................................................	41
		3.2.7	Remote converter terminal box rotation ..............................................	41
		3.2.8	Integral converter rotation ..................................................................	41
		3.2.9	Installing the remote converter ...........................................................	42
	3.3	Wiring	...........................................................................................................	43
		3.3.1 Cables and wires (analog or pulse output wires only) .........................		43
		3.3.2 Analog output, 2-wire type (4-20 mADC)...........................................		43
		3.3.3	Pulse output, 3-wire type ....................................................................	44
		3.3.4	Interconnection for remote converter ..................................................	45
	3.4	Cable	...........................................................................................................	46
		3.4.1 Field terminating the signal cable (YF011-0*E)..................................		46
	3.5	Wiring Cautions ..............................................................................................		49
		3.5.1	Flameproof transmitter installation .....................................................	49
		3.5.2 Cautions for insulation and dielectric strength testing .........................		49
		3.5.3 Instruction document for FM explosionproof instruments ...................		50
		3.5.4 Wiring cautions for CSA intrinsic safety.............................................		52
		3.5.5	Wiring cautions for FM intrinsic safety ..............................................	54

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

IV.	MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................			58
	4.1	How to	...........................................................................................................	58
		4.1.1	Communicating with the YEWFLO remotely .....................................	59
		4.1.2	Adjusting zero and span .....................................................................	60
		4.1.3	Using self-diagnostics ........................................................................	61
		4.1.4	Simulating an output/performing a loop check....................................	62
		4.1.5	Changing the output mode to analog or pulse .....................................	63
		4.1.6	Increasing gas and steam flow measurement accuracy by correcting
			for gas expansion ...............................................................................	64
		4.1.7	Activating Reynolds number correction..............................................	65
		4.1.8	Activating mismatched pipe schedule (bore) correction ......................	66
		4.1.9	Setting up and resetting the internal totalizer ......................................	67
		4.1.10	Scaling the pulse output .....................................................................	68
		4.1.11	Setting up user defined flow units ......................................................	69
		4.1.12	Setting up the local LCD indicator display mode ................................	70
		4.1.13	Setting the low cut flowrate ................................................................	71
		4.1.14	Trimming the 4-20 mA analog output .................................................	72
		4.1.15	Using the upload/download feature ....................................................	74
	4.2	Disassembly and Reassembly..........................................................................		75
		4.2.1	Indicator/Totalizer removal ................................................................	75
		4.2.2	Amplifier replacement ........................................................................	75
	4.3	Vortex Shedder Assembly Removal ................................................................		76
		4.3.1	Removal of shedder from remote converter type.................................	76
		4.3.2	Removal of the shedder from integral type .........................................	77
	4.4	Reassembly Cautions ......................................................................................		78
		4.4.1	YEWFLO shedder bolt torque procedures ..........................................	78
	4.5	YEWFLO Style "E" Amplifier Calibration Procedure .....................................		81
		4.5.1	General amplifier checkout ................................................................	82
		4.5.2	Analog output test ..............................................................................	82
		4.5.3	Pulse output test .................................................................................	83

V.	PARAMETER SETTING/CONFIGURATION .......................................................			84
	5.1	Notes on the TBL optional digital display .......................................................		84
		5.1.1 Display contents in display section .....................................................		85
VI.	TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................................			88
	6.1	Error Code Listing ..........................................................................................		88
	6.2	Operating Procedures ......................................................................................		89
	6.3	Flow Computation ..........................................................................................		92
		6.3.1	Variable definitions ............................................................................	92
		6.3.2	Flow conversion factor .......................................................................	93
	6.4	Signal Conditioning ........................................................................................		94
		6.4.1 YEWFLO Style "E" signal adjustment procedure ...............................		94
		6.4.2	Problem solving .................................................................................	94
		6.4.3	Piping checkout procedure .................................................................	94
		6.4.4	Noise balance adjustment ...................................................................	95
		6.4.5	Noise judge ........................................................................................	96
		6.4.6	TLA adjustment .................................................................................	96
		6.4.7	Low-cut flowrate adjustment ..............................................................	97
		6.4.8	High-frequency filter adjustment ........................................................	97
	6.5	Flowcharts ......................................................................................................		98
		6.5.1 No flowmeter output under flowing conditions ...................................		98
		6.5.2	Flowmeter output with no flow.........................................................	100
		6.5.3	Large flowmeter errors .....................................................................	101
		6.5.4 Output is unstable when flowrate is low ...........................................		102

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	TABLE OF CONTENTS
VII. GLOSSARY	.........................................................................................................	103
APPENDIXES:
Appendix A:	Parameter Details .............................................................................	107
Appendix B:	HART Parameter Details ...................................................................	115
Appendix C:	Customer Maintenance Parts List
Appendix D:	Dimensional Diagrams
INDEX

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INTRODUCTION

I.INTRODUCTION

1.1GENERAL OVERVIEW

This manual provides installation, parameter setting, calibration, maintenance and troubleshooting instructions for the YEWFLO Vortex flowmeter. Also included are standard specifications, model code definitions, dimensional drawings and a parts lists.

All YEWFLO’s are shipped pre-configured for your application. Therefore, if you included correct process conditions with your order, no electronic setup or parameter setting is required. For piping and wiring connections, refer to the Installation section.

If your process conditions have changed since your order was placed, please refer to the ‘QUICK START’ section which is designed to simplify configuration of the YEWFLO software parameters. Please refer to the index for immediate access to a specific procedure or the glossary located at the end of this manual for further information on a specific term.

If you have any questions concerning the YEWFLO you received, please contact your local Yokogawa Industrial Automation Representative or our headquarters office in Newnan, GA at 770-254-0400.

If you have technical questions regarding the installation, operation, setup or application of a YEWFLO, please contact our Technical Assistance Center (TAC) at 800-524-SERV.

Yokogawa has manufactured this instrument according to rigorous ISO 9000 quality standards. To ensure quality performance we recommend referencing our YEWFLO sizing program to determine the level at which your application should be run as well as a straight meter run of 20 diameters upstream and 5 diameters downstream. In addition to these suggestions, please follow the instructions in this manual carefully.

We are not responsible for any instrument’s performance, if that instrument has not been properly applied or installed in accordance with this manual, nor can we be responsible for the performance of any instrument which has been modified or repaired by an unauthorized service center.

Note: Existing YEWFLO Style C vortex flowmeters may be upgraded to provide the features and benefits of the New microprocessor-based Style "E" YEWFLO.

1.2PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.2.1 Vortex shedding

How many of you have seen a flag flapping in the breeze on a windy day? Everybody has. How many of you have noticed that the flag flaps faster as the wind blows faster? Few haven’t. When you see a flag flapping in the breeze, you are witnessing the same phenomenon that makes a vortex flowmeter work. The flapping frequency is proportional to the velocity of the wind, and it’s linear! The flapping is caused by a vortex alternately being created on either side of the flag, and moving downstream with the wind. The vortex is a swirl of low pressure, like a tornado, that pulls the flag in the direction of the vortex. The passing of alternating vortices down the length of the flag causes it to flap. The faster the wind blows, the faster these vortices are created, and the faster the flag flaps. Frequency is proportional to velocity .

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INTRODUCTION

The flapping flag is a familiar example of vortex shedding that everyone should be comfortable with. Here’s how it’s used in a vortex flowmeter. A non-streamlined part (bluff body) is inserted in the flow stream, this obstruction in the pipe causes vortices to be alternately created (shed). We call this part the ‘shedder bar’. The shedder bar in a YEWFLO performs two functions, it creates the vortices, and with the addition of our piezoelectric crystals senses them too. The crystals generate an alternating voltage waveform whose frequency is proportional to fluid velocity. The rest of the magic is taken care of in the electronics.

Figure 1.2.1: Karman Vortices

1.2.2K-factor

The most important fact about vortex shedding is that once the physical geometry, (pipe I.D., shedder bar width, etc.), are fixed, the frequency vs. flowrate (K-factor (pulse/gallon)) is unaffected by changes in viscosity, density or pressure over the operating range of the specific application. To determine the operating range use the YEWFLO Sizing program. On the other hand, an orifice plate is directly affected by changes in any of these parameters. There is a very small temperature effect due to expansion or contraction of the shedder bar width, which is easily compensated. Therefore, the K- factor created in our flow stand (all YEWFLOs are wet flow calibrated) on water, is accurate for gas too! Not so with an orifice plate. The benefit here is simplified calculations, and fewer things that can effect accuracy .

Figure 1.2.2: Relationship between K-factor and Reynolds Numbers

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INTRODUCTION

1.2.3Qmin

Those of you who haven’t used many vortex flowmeters may be wondering, ‘Why do we need to know viscosity, density, pressure and temperature?’. While the K-factor is unaffected by changes in viscosity, density and pressure, the velocity at which vortices begin to be created and become stable enough to measure accurately will vary. We refer to this velocity as Qmin, stated in desired flow units GPM, SCFH, etc. Here’s an example to help you understand. Let’s go back to the flag example. We’ve all seen the flag flapping in the breeze; however, on some days we can feel the breeze blowing, but the flag isn’t flapping. Why not? For the flag to flap, there must be enough breeze blowing, or energy, to lift the flag and create fully developed vortices. This is the same thing that happens in the vortex flowmeter.

The higher the fluid viscosity, the higher the velocity (more energy) required to start vortex shedding. On the other hand, the higher the density, the lower the velocity needed to start vortex shedding. In gases, viscosity and density can vary with pressure and temperature. Sounds complicated, but compared to an orifice plate it’s quite simple. By using the YEWFLO sizing program, vortex meter selection is simple. Simply enter the process conditions, the program will prompt you for them, and presto, a performance table for all meter sizes is generated. This performance table will help you select the best YEWFLO for the application.

1.2.4Uniquely vortex

Vortex shedding flowmeters measure flow digitally. This means, amplitude of the vortex signal is unimportant. As long as the flow is above the Qmin threshold, only the presence or absence of a vortex is important. Just like digital electronics, as long as the voltage is above or below a threshold value, it is either on or off. Digital flow measurement means no zero drift or span shift . Orifice plate flowmeters, for example, cannot make this claim, even if they are using microprocessor-based digital D/P transmitters, they still measure the small amplitude of deflection caused by differential pressure, and changes in temperature or pressure can shift zero and span.

1.2.5Vortex frequency

The YEWFLO uses piezoelectric crystals embedded in the shedder bar . Note that they are 1) hermetically sealed , and 2) surrounded by a heavy wall thickness , to protect them from the environment and the process. The positioning of the crystals is important. Although one crystal primarily measures flow frequency, it unfortunately picks up some pipe vibration noise. The other crystal is positioned such that it picks up primarily the pipe vibration noise. By electronically subtracting these two signals, we are able to obtain a high signal to noise ratio for the flow signal . The new Style "E" body design also improves the signal to noise ratio, by stiffening the shedder bar mounting in the measurement plane, further isolating it from pipe vibration.

1.2.6Available outputs

After processing the digital vortex frequency as described above, what outputs can you get? You can select either 4-20 mA output or voltage pulse, digital output. Output is selected by setting jumpers on the amplifier board, and the setting the software for pulse or analog output. Analog output is twowire, and pulse output is a three-wire connection (for details see the wiring section). The pulse output can be scaled over a range of 0-6000 Hz, down or up to maximize pulse resolution. Scaling up the frequency output can be done to improve resolution. The pulse output is also capable of driving many electromechanical totalizers directly without additional power.

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INTRODUCTION

1.3STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

NOTE: For special applications, please contact your local Yokogawa Industrial Automation representative to discuss possible enhancements to these standard specifications.

Fluids to be measured: Liquid, gas or steam

Performance specifications:

Repeatability: 0.2% of reading

Accuracy and velocity range :

Fluid	Accuracy: Pulse Output	Accuracy: Analog Output	Velocity
Liquid	±0.8% of reading	±0.8% of reading plus	up to 32 ft/sec
		±0.1% of full scale
Gas or	±0.8% of reading	±0.8% of reading plus	up to 115 ft/sec
Steam		±0.1% of full scale
	±1.5% of reading	±1.5% of reading plus	from 115 ft/sec
		±0.1% of full scale	to 262 ft/sec

Note: Gas accuracy can be improved to 0.8% over the full range by built-in software compensation. (See how to section 4.10.)

Output signal:

Analog: 4 to 20 mADC

Pulse: Low level 0 to 2 V

High level Vs - 2V ( Vs = input supply voltage)

Pulse width 50% duty cycle

Ambient temperature limits:
-40º to 175ºF	(-40º to 80ºC):	standard unit w/o agency approval ratings
-20º to 175ºF	(-30º to 80ºC):	with optional digital indicator
-40º to 140ºF	(-40º to 60ºC):	with FM explosion-proof rating
-40º to 120ºF	(-40º to 50ºC):	with CSA intrinsically safe rating for integral converter
-40º to 175ºF	(-40º to 80ºC):	with CSA intrinsically safe rating for remote converter
Process temperature limits:
Standard remote converter:		-40º to 575ºF	(-40º to 300ºC)
HPT remote converter:		-40º to 755ºF	(-40º to 402ºC)
Cryogenic remote converter:		-320º to 300ºF (-200º to 150ºC)
Integral converter:		See Figure 1.3.1
Storage temperature limits:
Integral or remote standard unit:		-40º to 176ºF (-40º to 80ºC)
With integral indicator or totalizer:		-22º to 80ºF	(-30º to 140ºC)

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INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.3.1: Operating temperature range for integral type converter

Power supply and load resistance:
Analog output:		17 to 42 VDC (see Figure 1.3.2)
Pulse output:		14 to 30 VDC
Maximum output wire resistance:		50 ohms
Maximum line capacitance:		0.22 microfarad
Ambient humidity limits:
5 to 100% relative humidity
Process pressure limits:
-14.7 psi (full vacuum) to flange rating
Materials of construction:
Process wetted parts:
Body:	CF8M (ANSI 316 stainless steel) or Hastelloy C (equivalent of
	ASTM494, CW12MW)
Shedder bar:	Duplex stainless steel (CD4MCU equivalent to ANSI 329 stainless
	steel) or Hastelloy C (equivalent of ASTM494, CW12MW)
Non-wetted parts:
Amplifier housing:	Aluminum alloy casting
Paint:	Case - Polyurethane resin baked coating, frosty white
	Cover - Polyurethane resin baked coating, deep, sea moss green

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INTRODUCTION

Analog Output :

Figure 1.3.2: Relationship between power supply voltage and load resistance for analog output version

Pulse Output: Pulse output voltage = Vs-2v- v

where v = due to external load resistance Vs = Power Supply Voltage

2v = 2 volts

Figure 1.3.3: Load resistance vs. pulse output voltage drop

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INTRODUCTION

1.4BASIC SIZING

1.4.1Flowmeter sizing

Notes: 1) This table assumes standard conditions of 59ºF (15ºC).

2)Maximum flowrates are based on 32 ft/sec.

3)These figures are approximations. Refer to the Yewflo sizing program for the exact minimum and maximum for your application.

4)The values shown in parenthesis is the minimum linear flowrate.

5)Proper pipe bracing may be required to obtain minimum flowrate.

LIQUID

Nominal	Size		Minimum and Maximum
mm	inch	Measurable Flow Rates in U.S. gpm1
15	½	1.3	-4.2	and	27
25	1	2	-7.3	and	82
40	1½	5.9	-11.3	and	196
50	2	9.8	-14.5	and	324
80	3	20		and	628
100	4	33		and	1100
150	6	79		and	2400
200	8	150		and	4290
250	10	265		and	6460
300	12	300		and	9260

Table 1.4.1: Water -Flowmeter Range

GAS

Nominal Size	Flow Rate		Minimum	Linear and	Maximum	Measurable	Air Flow Rates in SCFH
(inches)	Limits		(Standard	conditions	are 59ºF	and 14.7 psia)	at process line pressure
		0 psig	50 psig	100 psig	150 psig	200 psig	300 psig	400 psig	500 psig
½	min	172	361	500	719	939	1379	1822	2266
	max	1700	7492	13302	19128	24967	36692	48454	60266
1	min	400	839	1118	1486	1940	2851	3765	4683
	max	5267	23215	41217	59268	77362	113692	150137	186737
1½	min	792	1919	3037	4061	5026	6838	8970	11157
	max	1267	55397	98355	141428	184604	271296	358263	445599
2	min	1313	2756	4080	5867	7658	11254	14862	18485
	max	20821	91779	162951	234313	305846	449474	593557	738253
3	min	2534	5321	7877	11326	14784	21726	28691	35685
	max	40196	177182	314580	452347	590443	867720	1145876	1425214
4	min	4423	10710	16953	22670	28055	38174	50076	62283
	max	70157	309249	549061	789516	1030544	1514497	1999984	2487535
6	min	9685	29678	46977	64927	84749	124548	164473	204567
	max	153618	677145	1202247	1728757	2256524	3316208	4379250	5446812
8	min	20851	68121	107827	144185	178437	242799	303286	265774
	max	274675	1010761	2149664	3091086	4034753	5929510	7830269	9739113
10	min	37370	122437	193804	259153	320716	436397	545115	649056
	max	424752	1872295	3324193	4779987	6239253	9169263	12108556	15060351
12	min	53518	175343	277549	371134	459300	624968	780663	929518
	max	608291	2681328	4760604	6845457	8935284	13131375	17340759	21568047

Table 1.4.2: Air-Flowmeter Range

Notes: 1) Maximum flowrates are based on 262 ft/sec.

2)These figures are approximations. Refer to the sizing program for the exact minimum and maximum flowrates for your application.

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INTRODUCTION

STEAM

Nominal Size	Flow Rate			Minimum	Linear and Maximum			Measurable	Saturated	Steam Flow Rates in lb/hr
(inches)	Limits						at	process line	pressure
		15 psig	25 psig	50 psig	75 psig	100 psig		125 psig	150 psig	175 psig	200 psig	250 psig	300 psig
½	min	12.8	14.6	18.4	21.5	24.1		26.5	28.7	30.7	32.6	36.6	43.4
	max	122	161	254	346	437		527	616	705	765	973	1154
1	min	29.7	34	42.8	49.9	56.1		61.6	66.6	71.3	75.7	83.7	91.2
	max	379	498	788	1071	1353		1632	1910	2185	2464	3014	357
1½	min	58.7	67.3	84.6	98.6	118		137	156	173	191	224	257
	max	905	1188	1879	2554	3228		3894	4557	5215	5879	7192	8530
2	min	97.5	111	140	164	184		202	219	234	248	298	354
	max	1500	1969	3113	4232	5349		6452	7550	8639	9740	11916	14133
3	min	188	216	271	316	355		390	422	452	480	576	683
	max	2895	3800	6010	8170	10326		12455	14576	16678	18804	23004	27283
4	min	328	376	472	551	659		766	869	967	1065	1251	1434
	max	5054	6633	10490	14260	18023		21739	25440	29109	32820	40150	47620
6	min	719	824	1184	1515	1827		2122	2407	2681	2951	3467	3974
	max	11065	14523	22969	31224	39463		47600	55705	63739	71864	87914	104270
8	min	1549	1885	2720	3477	4193		4872	5525	6153	6773	7958	9122
	max	19785	25968	41070	55830	70561		85111	99603	113968	128496	157194	186439
10	min	2725	3387	4888	6249	7536		8756	9930	11060	12174	14304	16396
	max	30596	40157	63509	86334	109114		131614	154024	176238	198703	243081	288305
12	min	3903	4851	7000	8949	10793		12539	14220	15839	17434	20485	23481
	max	43816	57590	90952	123640	156263		188485	220578	252392	284564	348119	412883

Table 1.4.3: Steam - Flowmeter Range

Notes: 1) Maximum flowrates are based on 262 ft/sec.

2)These figures are approximations. Refer to the sizing program for the exact minimum and maximum flowrates for your applications.

Nominal Size	Internal Diameter	Cross Sectional	Nominal Pulse Rate	Nominal	K-factor
(inches)	(inches)	Area (ft2)	(Hz/ft/s)	Pulse/US gal	Pulse/ft3
½	0.57	0.0018	19.1	1423	10645
1	1.01	0.0056	10.8	259	1940
1½	1.56	0.133	7.05	70.8	530
2	2.01	0.022	5.59	33.9	253
3	2.8	0.043	4.02	12.6	94.3
4	3.69	0.074	3	5.39	40.3
6	5.46	0.163	2.03	1.67	12.5
8	7.31	0.291	1.52	0.7	5.24
10	9.09	0.45	1.23	0.366	2.74
12	10.9	0.645	1.03	0.213	1.59

Table 1.4.4: Nominal K-factor and general flowmeter information

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	YEWFLO	*E	STAINLESS
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		WAFER

MODEL			YEWFLO	*E - STAINLESS				WAFER
CODE
YF101	0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF102	1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF104	1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF105	2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF108	3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
YF110	4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel Wafer
					CERTIFICATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter
		PROCESS		CONNECTIONS		(wafer	style for mounting between)
		B1	ANSI 150 lb Wafer Flanges
		B2	ANSI 300 lb Wafer Flanges
		B3	ANSI 600 lb Wafer Flanges
						MATERIALS
			A-S3S3*E	Stainless Steel shedder bar & body
						CERTIFICATION
				/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
				/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
				/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
				/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
							OPTIONS
					/HART	HART communications
					/HPT	High temperature
					/TBL	Local interface
					/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
					/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
					/BLT	304 SS nuts and bolts
					/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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STAINLESS	*E	YEWFLO
FLANGED 150#		*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL		YEWFLO *E -			STAINLESS		150#	FLANGE
CODE
YF101	0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF102	1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF104	1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF105	2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF108	3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF110	4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF115	6.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF120	8.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF125	10.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
YF130	12.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 150 lb RF flange
					CONFIGURATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter
				PROCESS		CONNECTIONS
		A1	ANSI 150 lb RF flanges
						MATERIALS
			A-S3S3*E	Stainless Steel shedder bar & body
						CERTIFICATION
				/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
				/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
				/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
				/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
							OPTIONS
					/HART	HART communications
					/HPT	High temperature
					/TBL	Local interface
					/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
					/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
					/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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	YEWFLO	*E	STAINLESS
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		FLANGED 300#

MODEL		YEWFLO *E -			STAINLESS		300#	FLANGE
CODE
YF101	0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF102	1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF104	1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF105	2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF108	3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF110	4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF115	6.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF120	8.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF125	10.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
YF130	12.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 300 lb RF flange
					CONFIGURATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter
				PROCESS		CONNECTIONS
		A2	ANSI 300 lb RF flanges
						MATERIALS
			A-S3S3*E	Stainless Steel shedder bar & body
						CERTIFICATION
				/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
				/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
				/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
				/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
							OPTIONS
					/HART	HART communications
					/HPT	High temperature
					/TBL	Local interface
					/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
					/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
					/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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STAINLESS	*E	YEWFLO
FLANGED 600#		*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL		YEWFLO *E -			STAINLESS		600#	FLANGE
CODE
YF101	0.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF102	1.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF104	1.5" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF105	2.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF108	3.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF110	4.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF115	6.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
YF120	8.0" I.D. Stainless Steel 600 lb RF flange
					CONFIGURATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter
				PROCESS		CONNECTIONS
		A3	ANSI 600 lb RF flanges
						MATERIALS
			A-S3S3*E	Stainless Steel shedder bar & body
						CERTIFICATION
				/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
				/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
				/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
				/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
							OPTIONS
					/HART	HART communications
					/HPT	High temperature
					/TBL	Local interface
					/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
					/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
					/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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	YEWFLO	*E	HASTELLOY C
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		WAFER

MODEL			YEWFLO	*E -	HASTELLOY		C	WAFER
CODE
YF101	0.5" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF102	1.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF104	1.5" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF105	2.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF108	3.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
YF110	4.0" I.D. Hastelloy C Wafer
					CERTIFICATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter
		PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer					style for mounting between)
		B1	ANSI 150 lb RF flanges
		B2	ANSI 300 lb RF flanges
		B3	ANSI 600 lb RF flanges
						MATERIALS
			A-HCHC*E	Hastelloy C Shedder wetted parts
						CERTIFICATION
				/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
				/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
				/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
				/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
							OPTIONS
					/HART	HART communications
					/TBL	Local interface
					/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
					/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
					/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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HASTELLOY C	*E	YEWFLO
FLANGED 150#		*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL YEWFLO *E - HASTELLOY C 150# FLANGE

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

YF102 1.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

YF104 1.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

YF105 2.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

YF108 3.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

YF110 4.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

YF115 6.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 150 lb RF flange

			CERTIFICATION
-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
-NNN	Remote converter

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

A1	ANSI 150 lb RF flanges
				MATERIALS
	A-HCHC*E	Hastelloy C Shedder wetted parts
				CERTIFICATION
		/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
		/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
		/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
		/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
					OPTIONS
			/HART	HART communications
			/TBL	Local interface
			/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
			/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
			/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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	YEWFLO	*E	HASTELLOY C
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		FLANGED 300#

MODEL YEWFLO *E - HASTELLOY C 300# FLANGE

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

YF102 1.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

YF104 1.5" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

YF105 2.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

YF108 3.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

YF110 4.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

YF115 6.0" I.D. Hastelloy C 300 lb RF flange

			CERTIFICATION
-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
-NNN	Remote converter

PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer style for mounting between)

A2	ANSI 300 lb RF flanges
				MATERIALS
	A-HCHC*E	Hastelloy C wetted parts
				CERTIFICATION
		/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
		/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
		/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
		/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
					OPTIONS
			/HART	HART communications
			/TBL	Local interface
			/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
			/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
			/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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NACE MTLS7	*E	YEWFLO
WAFER		*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

			YEWFLO	*E -	NACE	MATERIALS			WAFER
MODEL				METER SIZES
CODE
YF101	0.5" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF102	1.0" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF104	1.5" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF105	2.0" I.D. NACE Wafer
YF108	3.0" I.D. NACE Wafer
					CERTIFICATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter
		PROCESS CONNECTIONS (wafer					style for mounting between)
		B1	ANSI 150 lb RF flanges
		B2	ANSI 300 lb RF flanges
		B3	ANSI 600 lb RF flanges
						MATERIALS
			A-HCS3*E	Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body
						CERTIFICATION
				/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
				/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
				/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
				/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
							OPTIONS
					/HART	HART communications
					/TBL	Local interface
					/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
					/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
					/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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	YEWFLO	*E	NACE MTLS7
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		FLANGED 150#

MODEL YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS 150# FLANGE

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange

YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange

YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange

YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange

YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE 150 lb RF Flange

			CERTIFICATION
-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
-NNN	Remote converter

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

A1	ANSI 150 lb RF flanges
				MATERIALS
	A-HCS3*E	Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body
				CERTIFICATION
		/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
		/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
		/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
		/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
					OPTIONS
			/HART	HART communications
			/TBL	Local interface
			/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
			/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
			/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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NACE MTLS7	*E	YEWFLO
FLANGED 300#		*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS 300# FLANGE

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange

YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange

YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange

YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange

YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE 300 lb RF Flange

			CERTIFICATION
-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
-NNN	Remote converter

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

A2	ANSI 300 lb RF flanges
				MATERIALS
	A-HCS3*E	Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body
				CERTIFICATION
		/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
		/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
		/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
		/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
					OPTIONS
			/HART	HART communications
			/TBL	Local interface
			/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
			/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
			/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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	YEWFLO	*E	NACE MTLS7
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		FLANGED 600#

MODEL YEWFLO *E - NACE MATERIALS 600# FLANGE

CODE

YF101 0.5" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange

YF102 1.0" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange

YF104 1.5" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange

YF105 2.0" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange

YF108 3.0" I.D. NACE 600 lb RF Flange

		CERTIFICATION
	-AAU	Integral, 4-20 mA or pulse
	-AAD	Integral, 4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-AAR	Integral, pulse output for intrinsic safety
	-NNN	Remote converter

PROCESS CONNECTIONS

	A3	ANSI 600 lb RF flanges
					MATERIALS
		A-HCS3*E	Hastelloy C shedder bar w/stainless steel body
					CERTIFICATION
			/FM F	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
			/FM S	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
			/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
			/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
					OPTIONS
				/HART	HART communications
				/TBL	Local interface
				/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
				/OSW	Oxygen cleaning
				/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place

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REMOTE	*E	YEWFLO
CONVERTER		*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS

MODEL		YEWFLO *E		- REMOTE		CONVERTER
CODE
YFA11	Remote Converter
				CONFIGURATION
	-AUPA	4-20 mA or pulse output
	-ADPA	4-20 mA for intrinsic safety
	-ARPA	Pulse output for intrinsic safety
				METER SIZES
		-01*E	0.5" body
		-02*E	1.0" body
		-04*E	1.5" body
		-05*E	2.0" body
		-08*E	3.0" body
		-10*E	4.0" body
		-15*E	6.0" body
		-20*E	8.0" body
		-25*E	10.0" body
		-30*E	12.0" body
					CERTIFICATION
			/FMF	FM explosionproof housing w/FM stamp
			/FMS	FM intrinsic safety w/FM stamp
			/CSF	CSA explosionproof housing w/CSA stamp
			/CSS	CSA intrinsic safety w/CSA stamp
						OPTIONS
				/HART	HART communications
				/TBL	Local interface
				/EPF	Epoxy-coated electronics housing
				/SCT	Stainless Steel tags wired into place
				/Z	Additional cable, per foot

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	YEWFLO	*E	PARTS
			METERS
	*E VORTEX FLOWMETERS		CABLE

CABLE TYPE, *E

YF011 Remote meter interconnecting cable

CONFIGURATION

-1 Terminated ends

		METER SIZES
	-0010F	10 feet
	-0015F	15 feet
	-0030F	30 feet
	-0050F	50 feet
	-0065F	65 feet

CERTIFICATION

*E Style E

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QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

II.QUICK START

BT100/BT200 HANDHELD TERMINAL

Note: If you specified the correct process conditions on your order, these parameters have been preset at the factory; therefore, there is no need to re-enter the data.

The Style E YEWFLO is a smart communicating device with microprocessor-based technology. When used with Yokogawa’s BT100 or BT200 handheld terminal (HHT), YEWFLO can be configured to meet specific application needs. In addition, the optional local indicator/totalizer (TBL option) allows setting of various parameters.

When in the analog output mode, the HHT may be connected at any point on the instrument's 4-20 mA loop. This connection superimposes a digital signal on top of the instrument’s 4-20 mA signal making communications completely transparent to your process signal. On the other hand, since there are no 4-20 mA wires in the pulse mode, direct connection of the HHT to the HHT

PULSE and HHT COM test points on the amplifier is necessary. Once connected, flowrate and total can be read, tag numbers entered, meter size or any other parameter modified as required. Additionally, you may activate or deactivate many features of the YEWFLO as necessary to meet the requirements of your application.

The HHT will enable you to scroll through the program until you locate the parameter that you wish to change. For communication information, see “How to communicate with the YEWFLO remotely” in the maintenance section. Please refer to the appropriate HHT instruction manual for details on each HHT.

To change a parameter using the BT100, insert the removable key in the lock and turn it clockwise

to the ENABLE position. If the key is not in place or if it is in the	INHIBIT position, you will receive an
OPERATIONERR message on the display when you press either the	I N C or D E C key or try to enter

an alphanumeric value in any parameter. If this occurs, insert the key in the lock, turn it clockwise to the ENABLE position then press either the I N C , D E C or alphanumeric key as before.

2.1PARAMETER SETTING IN BRAIN™ COMMUNICATIONS

The Model YF100*E Vortex flowmeter incorporates BRAIN™ communication functions. These functions enable the Vortex converter to remotely carry out the following functions by communicating with the BRAIN™ Terminal (BT100 or BT200), µXL, or Centum-XL distributed control systems.

•Setting or changing parameters required for vortex meter operation such as tag number, flow span and process conditions for example.

•Monitoring flowrate, totalized flow and self-diagnostics.

•4-20 mA loop check (simulated output) and totalizer reset.

Note: When the pulse/analog jumpers are set for a pulse output, Remote BRAIN™ communication on the 4-20 mA wires is not available. Therefore parameters cannot be set or read remotely. For the BT100 to operate in the pulse output mode, the instrument must be connected to the test points labeled HHT Pulse and HHT Com. This allows access to all parameters.

Note: Only the position of the jumpers affects remote communication ability, the software setting of pulse or 4-20 mA has no effect.

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QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

BT100 Basic Operation

1)POWER on.

2)First three key strokes will always display “Model No.”, Tag No.”, and “Self-check”.

3)Press ME N U key to select desired main menu.

4)Press P MT R key to move down through the selected menu.

5)	Once a parameter has been selected, use the I N C or D E C keys to review options within the
	parameter list. When data input is required, use the alpha key to toggle between the alpha and
	numeric characters (A to Z, 0 to 9).
6)	Once a parameter has been selected, push E N T twice to save the changes.

Notes: A)	Use the A L P H A key to move between alpha and numeric characters.
B)	To back up in the programming sequence, push H key and then P MT R when in parameter
	mode or ME N U when in main menu mode.

C)U P L D and D N L D keys permit copying settings from one instrument in BT100 non-volatile memory to another instrument.

D)The automatic power-off of the BT100 automatically turns off the power when no key has been

pressed for about 5 minutes. This function is not active during the display A10: Fl owr at e %, A20: Fl owr at e, or A30: Tot al . The display of these values is updated every 5 seconds.

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QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

BT200 Basic Operation

1)Press ON/OFF to activate power.

2)Press E N T E R key when prompted.

3)“ Model”, “T ag No.” , and “Se lf-check” will always be displayed next.

4)Press F 4 to continue. The main menu list will be displayed next.

5) Highlight the desired menu by using the up and down movement keys. Press E N T E R to access the selected menu.

6)Use the up and down movement keys to highlight the desired parameter and press E N T E R to access.

7)Once a parameter has been selected either:

a)Use the up and down movement keys to review options within the parameter. Once the appropriate option has been selected, press E N T E R twice to edit the selection.

b)Where data input is required, use the alpha key to toggle between the alpha and numeric characters. Press E N T E R twice to save the changes.

Notes: A)	The function keys (F 1 -F 4 ) are used to execute the commands displayed at the bottom of the
	screen.
B)	Use the left (<) and right (>) movement keys to change whole page of displayed information. The
	“<“ key shows the preceding page and the “>“ key the following page.
C)	To select a desired alpha character, always use the appropriate	S H I F T	key. Use the green
	shift key to select letters marked in green and the black shift key to select letters marked in black.
	If the alpha/numeric keys are not used in conjunction with the	S H I F T	key, the numeric value
	shown on the key will be displayed.

D)To go directly to a particular parameter anywhere in the menu tree while working in a menu, press either S H I F T key and then press F 4 . Type the parameter designation (example B24) to be displayed and press E N T E R .

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QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

2.2YEWFLO SETUP

Note: If you specified the correct process conditions on your order, these parameters have been preset at the factory; therefore, there is no need to re-enter the data.

The purpose of a Quick Start is to address only those parameters which must be set to establish the operation of a meter for this application. Follow the parameters listed below and enter the data for your particular application.

With the BT100 or BT200 properly connected to the Vortex meter begin communicating by pressing the power button. After the power up sequence is complete, go to “ Menu B: SET 1”. The operation of the BT100 and BT200 are slightly different. Please refer to the ‘Basic Handheld Terminal Operation’ if you are unfamiliar with how to move through the menus and parameters. The following flow chart identifies only the parameters to be set, you may have to skip several parameters or menus to get to the parameters shown below. Be sure to enter all values and selections shown below or they will not be saved. If you make a typing error, use the C L R key to clear and re-enter.

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QUICK START USING THE BT100/200

2.3PARAMETER SETTING IN HART™ COMMUNICATIONS

When specified, the model YF100*E vortex flowmeter can be provided with HART™ communication functions. (To determine if this field communication protocol has been incorporated in your instrument, confirm the “HART” suffix is a part of the YEWFLO model code.) These functions enable the vortex converter to remotely carry out the following by communicating with the HART communicator:

·Setting or changing parameters required for vortex meter operation such as tag number, flow span and process conditions.

·Monitoring flowrate, totalized flow and self-diagnostics.

·4-20 mA loop check (simulated output) and totalizer rest

The HART communicator can interface with YEWFLO from the control room, via direct connection to the amplifier, or any other wiring termination point on the 4-20 mA loop. Polarity does not matter. There must be a minimum of 250 ohms between the connection and the power supply. Refer to Figure 1.3.2 on page 7 for power supply voltage requirements and load resistance.

Note1: The output jumpers on the amplifier must be set to the analog position to communicate. Only the position of the jumpers affects remote communication ability, the software setting of pulse or 4-20 mA has no effect.

Note2: When Yewflo is supplied with the HART option, the TBL digital display/local operator interface cannot be used for parameter setting and configuration. Only two parameters are supported by the TBL:

Parameter E01: Total reset Parameter E02: Display Select

The amplifier has been pre-configured at the factory, so no setup should be required prior to installation. If your process conditions have changed and reprogramming is required, the menu/ parameter configuration list for YEWFLO/HART can be found in Appendix B in the back of this manual. Refer to the instructions provided with your HART communicator or operation details. The QUICK START section of this manual will address only those parameters which must be set to establish the operation of the meter for a particular application. Appendix B will cross-reference the BRAIN parameters to the corresponding HART parameters.

2.3.1Communication Specifications

Method of communication: Frequency shift keying (FSK). Conforms with Bell 202 Modem standard with respect to baud rate and digital “1” and “0” frequencies.

Baud Rate:	1,200 bps
Digital “0” Frequency:	2,200 Hz
Digital “1” Frequency:	1,200 Hz
Data Byte Structure:	1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 odd parity bit, 1 stop bit

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