Model TB400G
Surface Scattering Light Turbidity Meter
[Style: S3]
IM 12E04A02-02E
IM 12E04A02-02E
9th Edition
INTRODUCTION
n Structure of this Manual
This manual describes the specications, installation, operation, maintenance, and
troubleshooting for the TB400G Surface Scattering Light Turbidity Meter. To use this instrument
correctly, read this manual thoroughly.
n SpecicationCheck
When the instrument arrives, unpack the package with care and check that the instrument has
not been damaged during transportation. Please check that the product received meet the
specied specications by conrming the model code indicated on the nameplate. For details of
the model code, refer to Section 2.3.
n Before Measurement
The TB400G turbidimeter is preset with defaults prior factory shipment. Before measurement,
verify that these factory default settings meet the operating conditions and if necessary,
recongure parameters. For checking the default settings and recording changed parameters,
use an Operation Parameter Setting List at the end of this manual.
i
n Signal Words
Throughout this user’s manual, you will nd several different types of symbols are used to identify
different sections of text. This section describes these icons.
CAUTION
This symbol gives information essential for understanding the operations and functions.
NOTE
This symbol indicates information that complements the present topic.
n Symbol of unit “liter”
In this manual, the unit “liter” is described using the symbol of “L”, not “ l ”. On the real Turbidity
Meter, the unit “liter” of the display unit is described as “ l ”. So, the real display unit of turbidity is
“mg/l”, not “mg/L”.
n TrademarkNotices
• All company and product names mentioned in this user’s manual are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective companies.
• We do not use TM or ® mark to indicate those trademarks or registered trademarks in this
user’s manual.
Media No. IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 2018 (YK)
• In order to protect the system controlled by the product and the product itself and ensure
safe operation, observe the safety precautions described in this user’s manual. We assume
no liability for safety if users fail to observe these instructions when operating the product.
• If this instrument is used in a manner not specied in this user’s manual, the protection
provided by this instrument may be impaired.
• If any protection or safety circuit is required for the system controlled by the product or for
the product itself, prepare it separately.
• Be sure to use the spare parts approved by Yokogawa Electric Corporation (hereafter
simply referred to as YOKOGAWA) when replacing parts or consumables.
• Modication of the product is strictly prohibited.
• The following symbols are used in the product and user’s manual to indicate that there are
precautions for safety:
n Notes on Handling User’s Manuals
• Please hand over the user’s manuals to your end users so that they can keep the user’s
manuals on hand for convenient reference.
• Please read the information thoroughly before using the product.
• The purpose of these user’s manuals is not to warrant that the product is well suited to any
particular purpose but rather to describe the functional details of the product.
• No part of the user’s manuals may be transferred or reproduced without prior written
consent from YOKOGAWA.
• YOKOGAWA reserves the right to make improvements in the user’s manuals and product at
any time, without notice or obligation.
• If you have any questions, or you nd mistakes or omissions in the user’s manuals, please
contact our sales representative or your local distributor.
ii
n Warning and Disclaimer
The product is provided on an “as is” basis. YOKOGAWA shall have neither liability nor
responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any direct or indirect loss or damage arising
from using the product or any defect of the product that YOKOGAWA can not predict in advance.
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
Model TB400G
Surface Scattering Light Turbidity Meter
[Style: S3]
8.1 Events in Which FAIL Lamp Is Lit ...................................................................8-1
8.2 Events in Which FAIL Lamp Is Not Lit ............................................................8-5
9. SPARE PARTS .......................................................................................... 9-1
vi
Customer Maintenance Parts List ........................................
CMPL 12E04A02-03E
Revision Information ...............................................................................................i
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<1. OVERVIEW>
1. OVERVIEW
The applications of turbidimeters, which have been used for operation or control of ltration
plants, are expanding into turbidity detection in chemical processes and in measurement of
suspended solid particulates in various types of industrial wastewater.
Model TB400G Surface Scattering Light Turbidity Meter is a process turbidimeter employing the
principle of measuring surface-scattered light. This instrument has the following features.
• High performance, high reliability
• Self-diagnostic functions (such as detection of a disconnected lamp, automatic converter
checking functions, and upper and lower limit alarms).
• Choice of functionality (such as automatic cleaning, range-free function, automatic zero
calibration, etc).
• Easy maintenance through small, light-weight, and accessible design.
The TB400G Surface Scattering Light Turbidity Meter comprises a detector, converter and
sampling system (which supplies process sample water, zero-calibration water (“zero water”),
and cleaning water). This instrument is classied into three types depending on the specications
for the sampling system. However, if specied in advance, the detector and converter may be
delivered separately.
Here, four types of the instrument, including the delivery of detector and converter separately,
will be described. Details on the detector and converter are described in Section 1.2, “Operating
Principle”.
The detector and converter are available separately and can be assembled into any sampling
system.
The owrate condition for sample is 1.5 to 2 L/min. If the owrate exceeds this range, satisfy the
owrate condition by providing a head tank (constant-level chamber) or the like.
For measurements of low turbidity (less than 200 mg/L), prepare a sampling system which can
supply the zero water (tap water ltered with a zero-turbidity lter).
1.1.2 TB400G-¨-¨-A1 (with sampling system, without
1-2
automatic cleaning or automatic zero calibration)
This is a system which combines the detector and converter with a sampling system to manually
supply process sample, zero water, and cleaning water (see subsection 2.6.1).
The measuring water ows into a header tank (constant-level chamber), serving also as a bubble
separation tank, after passing the ball valve located after the tap water inlet port.
Debubbled sample in this tank ow into the measuring cell in the detector at a constant owrate,
and drains through the drain outlet after overowing at the measuring cell.
The cleaning water passes the ball valve located after the tap water inlet port and ows into
the measuring cell in the detector from the cell side. The cleaning water then starts swirling
and removes dirt on the measuring cell wall. The dirt, together with the opening the ball valve
mounted under the header tank.
During zero check, the zero water is ltered by passing through a zeroturbidity lter from the tap
water inlet. This zero water ows into the measuring cell in the detector via the head tank through
a tube separate from that for the sample and drains through the drain outlet.
1.1.3 TB400G-¨-¨-A2 (with automatic cleaning and without
automatic zero calibration)
This is a system which comprises the TB400G---A1 model with the automatic cleaning
function added (see subsection 2.6.2).
The sampling system of this system incorporates a solenoid valve at the cleaning water tube and
an electric motor-operated valve under the header tank. These provisions automatically clean the
measuring cell under the detector in a sequence preset in the converter.
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<1. OVERVIEW>
1.1.4 TB400G-¨-¨-A3 (with automatic cleaning and zero
calibration)
This is a system which comprises the TB400G---A1 model with the automatic cleaning and
automatic zero calibration functions added (see subsection 2.6.3).
The sampling system of this system incorporates solenoid valves at the cleaning water tubing
and zero calibration tubing and electric motor-operated valves under the header tank and at the
measuring-water tubing. These provisions automatically clean the measuring cell in the detector
and perform zero calibration in a sequence preset in the converter.
1.2 Operating Principle
The operating principle of the Surface Scattering Light Turbidity Meter employs a method of
measuring the amount of the light scattering that takes place close to the surface of the water
sample. The measuring system comprises a detector and a converter. This section describes the
meter conguration and operating principle.
The detector is comprises a measuring cell and a detecting section. Sample that ows into the
measuring cell from the bottom of the cell overows at the top of the cell.
Meanwhile, a tungsten lamp closed inside the detector emits light onto the surface of the sample
through a system of lenses. This light is separated into scattered, reected, and transmitted
light on the water’s surface. The transmitted light and reected light are absorbed in a dark area
equivalent to a black body.
1-3
This scattered-light intensity (L) is proportional to the turbidity as shown here:
L = K • Q • S
Where K: a constant relative to turbidity,
S: turbidity,
Q: amount of light from the lamp.
The scattered light is detected by a turbidity element (a silicon photodiode). It is focused onto
the element with a lens inside the detecting section. This gives the scattered light signal to the
converter.
In addition, a reference element is incorporated in the detecting section to hold the amount a light
(Q) from the lamp constant, and it also provides a light-detection signal to the converter.
The measuring circuit of the converter is sealed in a housing of aluminum alloy together with the
operating panel and a terminal block for external wiring. This measuring circuit amplies and
calculates the input from the turbidity element in the detector and outputs a signal (1 to 5 V DC or
4 to 20 mA DC) corresponding to the measuring range.
The converter also calculates the reference element input from the detector to control the lamp
voltage so that the amount of light from the lamp is constant.
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<1. OVERVIEW>
1-4
AD
Amplifier
Lamp
Lamp
power
supply
Lens
Turbidity
element
Scattered
light
Amplifier
Reference
element
Lenses
Figure 1.2 Operating Principle
CPU
Display
Analog
output
Reflected
light
Transmitted
light
Drain
Converter
Detector
Measuring cell
Measuring water
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IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<2. SPECIFICATIONS>
2. SPECIFICATIONS
2.1StandardSpecications
Measurement: Turbidity of tap water, river water, and water used in general processes
Measuring Range: 0-2 to 0-2000 mg/L
Display: 4-digit LED display (resolution; 0.01 mg/L, maximum display value; 2200
mg/L)
Display Unit: “mg/L (default)” or “
Note: “FTU” unit, a turbidity unit when formazin standard is used, is also available. Since the instrument uses kaolin standard,
reference sensitivity calibration using formazin standard is required for the FTU display.
In this manual, the unit “liter” is described as “L”.Real display unit is “mg/l”.The unit “
Output Range: 3 range switching
Remote or local (default) range switching, selectable
Auto or manual (default) range, selectable
For auto range, changeover point is user congurable.
3 ranges are user congurable. The span should be 20% or more of the
upper range limit or 2 mg/L (default), whichever is greater.
Analog Output Signal: 4 to 20 mA DC (maximum load resistance: 550 Ω) or 1 to 5 V DC (output
resistance: 100 Ω or less)
Digital Output Signal: Conforms to RS-232C
Communication Specications:
Transmission method: Mono-directional (transmission only), asynchronous system
Communication Data:
Measured turbidity values: Converter's display data (turbidity indicated value) are transmitted.
Data consists of 6 characters including signs and decimal points.
Example 1: #0050.0
Example 2: #001.00
Example 3: #-00.50
Example 4: #_O.L_ _
Note: A space code is transmitted by “_”
High/low alarm signal: Transmitted continuously when high/low limit is detected.
#ALARMCRLF
Range output signal: Transmitted once when range is changed over.
Range 1: #RANGE1
Range 2: #RANGE2
Range 3: #RANGE3
Auto cleaning/calibration signal: Transmitted once when auto cleaning or calibration starts
and ends. Note that this is not transmitted when cleaning or calibration
is manually performed in <MAINT.> mode.
Start: #CLEANING_START
End: #CLEANING_END
Maintenance/measurement signal: Transmitted once when mode is switched.
Maintenance: #MAINTENANCE
Measurement: #MEASURE
”, selectable
CRL
F
CRL
F
CRL
F
CRL
F
CRL
F
CRL
F
CRL
F
CRL
CRL
F
CRL
F
F
CRL
” means degree.
F
2-1
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<2. SPECIFICATIONS>
Failure signal: Transmitted continuously when failure occurs. Transmitted in
Range output (corresponding to the output range selected) (shared COM)
High/low limit alarm (default) or auto calibration/cleaning output,
selectable.
Type of contact outputPower off
MaintenanceClosedOpenClosed
FailOpenClosedOpen
High/low alarmClosedClosedOpen
Auto zero calibration/cleaningClosedOpenClosed
*1: Contact status (open/closed) when power is turned on is user congurable.
Not in ActionIn Action
Power on *1
Contact Rating:
Maximum switching voltage: 250 V AC or 220 V DC (resistive load)
Maximum carrying current: 2 A AC or 2 A DC (resistive load)
Maximum switching capacity: 120 VA or 60 W (resistive load)
Contact Input: Remote range switching (shared COM)
On input resistance: 200 Ω or less
Off input resistance: 100 kΩ or more
Converter
2-2
R1
R2
R3
Remote Range Switching Diagram
S1
S2
S3
Switch
S1: Output range 1
S2: Output range 2
S3: Output range 3
F0200.ai
Converter's Functions:
Display Function:
Data: LED display – turbidity, lamp voltage, turbidity element detecting
current, reference element detecting current, analog output in %,
analog output in mA, zero point error and slope.
Instrument status: Indicator – lamp and each solenoid valve.
Maintenance Functions (<MAINT.> mode):
Zero calibration, shift calibration, span calibration, sensitivity correction
calibration, manual start of auto cleaning, manual start of auto zero
calibration, error code indication, error reset and calibration of lamp
control reference value.
Setting Functions:
<PROGRAM.1> mode: Setting of output range, average coefcient, output value in
failure condition, bi-linear output, high alarm, low alarm and spike
detection function.
<PROGRAM.2> mode: Setting of auto cleaning time and auto zero calibration time, and
selection of enabling/disabling failure detection functions.
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<2. SPECIFICATIONS>
Automatic Cleaning Function: Water jet cleaning. Cleaning time and interval are user
congurable. (When auto cleaning is specied)
Automatic Zero Calibration Function: Zero point calibration using zero water (When auto
cleaning/zero calibration is specied)
Error Detection Function: Turbidity overrange, lamp disconnection, lamp voltage failure, AD
circuit failure, memory failure and CPU failure.
Check Function: Converter operation check
Manual Calibration:
Zero calibration: Using zero water or light source off zero (selectable)
Span calibration: Using calibration plate
Other Functions Breakpoint line-segment (bi-linear) output, upper and lower limits alarms
Material:
Detector: Modied black PPE (wetted part)
Piping: Hard PVC, polyethylene resin, and polypropylene resin (all for
wetted parts)
Stanchion: Carbon steel or stainless steel
Converter: Aluminum alloy casting
Finish and Color:
Converter: Baked polyurethane resin nish
Color; Munsell 0.6GY3.1/2.0 and Munsell 2.5Y8.4/1.2
Stanchion: Baked polyurethane resin nish
Color; Munsell 0.6GY3.1/2.0
Ambient Temperature: -5 to 50°C (sample and tap water freeze in winter may need protection
against freezing)
Ambient Humidity: 5 to 95%RH (non-condensing)
Storage Temperature: -30 to 70°C
Installation Location: Indoors (For outdoor installation, a protection against rain is required
separately)
Installation: Detector and converter: Pipe- or rack- mounted
With sampling system: Anchor bolt mounting
Piping Connection:
With sampling system: Drain: VP40
Others: VP16
Without sampling system: 25 mm ID hose joint
Cable Inlet: 5 cable glands (bottom of the converter)
Applicable wire: 6 to 12 mm, 9 to 11 mm when with arrester option
Wiring: Power, analog output, digital output, contact output, contact input
and ground (using the ground terminal inside the converter or the
ground terminal on the outside of the case)
Power Supply: 100/110 V AC, 50/60 Hz, or 200/220 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Noise lter assembly: (only for TB400G-□-□-KC)
Ambient temperature: -10 to 50°C (no dew condensation allowed)
Storage temperature: -25 to 70°C
Construction: JIS C 0920 Watertight (IP53)
Power Consumption:
Detector and converter: 50 VA or less, respectively
With sampling system: 200 VA or less (in full specications, excluding combination
instruments)
Weight: Detector: Approx. 3 kg
Converter: Approx. 9 kg
With sampling system: Approx. 50 kg (in full specications, excluding
combination instruments)
Dimensions: Detector: 245 (W) x 250 (H) x 200 (D) mm
Converter: 260 (W) x 340 (H) x 150 (D) mm
With stanchion: 530 (W) x 1450 (H) x 550 (D) mm
2-3
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<2. SPECIFICATIONS>
Water Sample:
With sampling system:
Flow rate: 2 to 10 L/min
Pressure: 20 to 500 kPa
Temperature: 0 to 50°C (Ambient temperature should not exceed 30°C)
Without sampling system:
Flow rate: 1.5 to 2 L/min
Temperature: 0 to 50°C (Ambient temperature should not exceed 30°C)
Zero Water and Cleaning Water (Tap Water): (With Sampling System)
Turbidity: 2 mg/L or less
Temperature: 0 to 50°C (Ambient temperature should not exceed 30°C)
Pressure: 100 to 500 kPa
Flow rate: Zero water: 2 to 10 L/min
Cleaning water: 3 to 6 L/min
Consumption: Zero water: Approx. 380 L/day (at a ow rate of 2 L/min)
Cleaning water: Approx. 90 L/min (at a ow rate of 3 L/min)
(when auto cleaning/zero calibration is enabled and time setting is
factory default)
2.2 Characteristics
2-4
Linearity (when using kaolin standard):
Upper range limit of 1000 mg/L (degrees) or less; ±2% of upper range limit
Upper range limit of 2000 mg/L (degrees) or less; ±5% of upper range limit
Linearity (when using polystyrene latex standard):
Upper range limit of 100 mg/L or less; ±2% of upper range limit
Repeatability:
Standard solution; 2% of upper range limit
Supply voltage effects: ± 1% of upper range limit / within ± 10% of rated voltage
Ambient temperature effects: ± 1% of upper range limit / 10°C (when using calibration plate)
Response Time: 2 minutes or less
(90% response, with sampling system, ow rate of 3 L/min)
Warm-up Time: Approx. 30 minutes
Regulatory Compliance(for TB400G-□-□-KC)
Korea Electromagnetic Conformity Standard Class A
A급 기기 (업무용 방송통신기자재)
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파적합기기로서 판매자 또는
사용자는 이 점을 주의하시기 바라며, 가정외의 지역에서
사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
100 V AC, 50/60 Hz
110 V AC, 50/60 Hz
200 V AC, 50/60 Hz
220 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Without sampling system, automatic cleaning, or automatic zero calibration *1
With sampling system, but without automatic cleaning or automatic zero calibration
With sampling system and automatic cleaning, but without automatic zero calibration
With sampling system, automatic cleaning, and automatic zero calibration
For Korea. Without sampling system. (without cleaning,without auto.zero calibration) *8
Mounting bracket: For pipe mounting *2
Mounting bracket: For rack mounting *2
Tie-in with rear piping *3
Stainless steel stanchion *3
Bubble retardant for low range *3 *4
Stainless steel tag plate
With PH450G pH meter (without ultrasonic cleaning) *3 *5
With PH450G pH meter (with ultrasonic cleaning) *3 *5
With 500 mL KCl reserve tank for pH sensor *5
With non-reagent type free available chlorine analyzer *3 *5
With arrester *6
Calibration using polystyrene latex *7
*1: A de-foaming tank (head tank) is to be provided. It is to be installed to adjust the sample ow to the detector at 1.5 to 2 L/min.
*2: These options are available for the specication of “without sampling system” (sufx code: -NN, -KC).
*3: These options are available for the specication of “with sampling system” (sufx code: -A1, -A2 or -A3).
*4: When measuring range is low (200 mg/L or less) and if air bubbles are likely to be formed on the sample, this option is to be specied.
When measuring range is high (more than 200 mg/L), this option is not to be specied. Because air bubbles in high ranges don’t disturb
the measurement, and because clogging or reduction of ow rate may occur at the removal port of air bubbles on the ow line.
*5: A pH meter with necessary units, or non-reagent type free available chlorine analyzer should be purchased separately.
Both of a pH meter and non-reagent type free available chlorine analyzer can not be installed together on the TB400G.
Available model & sufx codes are as follows;
Non-reagent type free available chlorine analyzer (refer to the GS 12F5A1-E)
FC400G-□-□*A/ST (for /FC)
* The power supply of FC400G is to be suitable for the power supply of TB400G.
pH meter (refer to the GS 12B07B02-E, GS 12J05C02-00E and GS 12B07C05-01E)
pH sensor
PH8EFP-03-TN-TT1-N-G*A (for /PHN5 or /PHU5, without /TT3)
PH8EFP-03-TN-TT3-N-G*A (for /PHN5 or /PHU5, and /TT3)
pH holder
PH8HF-PP-JPT-T-NN-NN*A (without cleaning) (for /PHN5)
PH8HF-PP-JPT-T-S3-C1*A (with ultrasonic cleaning) (for /PHU5)
pH converter
PH450G-A-J (for /PHN5 or /PHU5)
Ultrasonic oscillator
PUS400G-NN-NN-□-J* The power supply of PUS400G is to be suitable for the power supply of TB400G.
*6: This option is not available for the options of /PHN5, /PHU5 or /FC.
*7: Polystyrene latex solution of which concentration is 2 degrees is used as a standard solution to calibrate the TB400G.
Without this option, the standard TB400G is calibrated with a Kaolin solution.
*8: No additional specications other than “/P”,”/R” and “/SCT” can be chosen.
2.4 Accessories
Standard calibration plate1Housed in the converter
Silicone cloth1
Lamp1As a spare
Fuse4 each1 A and 3 A (as spares)
Pipe mounting bracket (optional)1 setWhen specifying option code "/P"
Rack mounting bracket (optional)1 setWhen specifying option code "/R"
Soft PVC tube, 1 m2For detector piping (for without sampling system)
Clamp2For detector piping (for without sampling system)
ItemQuantityRemarks
IM 12E04A02-02E 9th Edition : Mar. 16, 2018-00
<2. SPECIFICATIONS>
2.5ExternalDimensions
Dimensions, piping and internal wiring diagram for the TB400G are shown on following pages.
For gure numbers to be referred corresponding each models and codes are shown in the Table
2.1. Table 2.1 uses following signs. FC: free available chlorine analyzer, pH: pH meter, US:
ultrasonic oscillator, ARS: arrester, Yes: installed, No: not installed, Op: optionally installed