YAESU FT-100 User Manual

Page 1

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report

Yaesu FT-100

Prepared by:

American Radio Relay League, Inc. Technical Department Laboratory 225 Main St. Newington, CT 06111 Telephone: (860) 594-0214 Internet: mtracy@arrl.org

Order From:

American Radio Relay League, Inc. Technical Department Secretary 225 Main St. Newington, CT 06111 Telephone: (860) 594-0278 Internet: reprints@arrl.org

Price:

$7.50 for ARRL Members, $12.50 for non-Members, postpaid.

Model Information:

FT-100 Serial #: 9D021081

"Product Review" June, 1999

QST

Manufacturer:

Yaesu U.S.A. 17210 Edwards Rd Cerritos, CA 90703 Telephone: 562-404-2700 http://www.yaesu.com/

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 1

Page 2

List of Tests:

(Page numbers are omitted because the length of the report varies from unit to unit.)

Introduction

Transmitter Tests:

Transmit Output Power Current Consumption Transmit Frequenc y Range Spectral Purity Transmit Two-Tone IMD Carrier and Sideband Suppression CW Keying Waveform Transmit Keyer Speed SSB/FM Transmit Delay Transmit/Receive Turnaround Transmit Composite Noise

Receiver Tests:

Noise Floor (Minimum Discernible Signal) Receive Frequency Range AM Sensitivity FM Sensitivity Blocking Dynamic Range Two-Tone, Third-Order Dynamic Range and Intercept Point Two-Tone, Second-Order Intercept Point In-Band Receiver IMD FM Adjacent Channel Selectivity FM Two-Tone, Third-Order IMD Dynamic Range Image Rejection IF Rejection Audio Output Power IF + Audio Frequency Response Squelch Sensitivity S-Meter Accuracy and Linearity In-Band Receiver IMD Notch Filter Audio Filter Receiver bandpass

Follow-up Tests:

Temperature Chamber Test Description Duty Cycle Test Description

Appendix

Comparative Table

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 2

Page 3

Introduction:

This document summarizes the extensive battery of tests performed by the ARRL Laboratory for each unit that is featured in QST "Product Review." For all tests, there is a discussion of the test and test method used in ARRL Laboratory testing. For most tests, critical conditions are listed to enable other engineers to duplicate our methods. For some of the tests, a block diagram of the test setup is included. The ARRL Laboratory has a document, the ARRL Laboratory Test Procedures Manual, that explains our specific test methods in detail. This manual includes test descriptions similar to the ones in this report, block diagrams showing the specific equipment currently in use for each test, along with all equipment settings and specific step by step procedures used in the ARRL Laboratory. While this is not available as a regular ARRL publication, the ARRL Technical Department Secretary can supply a copy at a cost of $20.00 for ARRL Members, $25.00 for non-Members, postpaid.

Most of the tests used in ARRL product testing are derived from recognized standards and test methods. Other tests have been developed by the ARRL Lab. The ARRL Laboratory test equipment is calibrated annually, with traceability to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Most of the equipment is calibrated by a contracted calibration laboratory. Other equipment, especially the custom test fixtures, is calibrated by the ARRL Laboratory Engineers, using calibrated equipment and standard techniques.

The units being tested are operated as specified by the equipment manufacturer. The ARRL screen room has an ac supply that is regulated to 117 or 234 volts. If possible, the equipment under test is operated from the ac supply. Mobile and portable equipment is operated at the voltage specified by the manufacturer, at 13.8 volts if not specified, or from a fully charged internal battery. Equipment that can be operated from 13.8 volts (nominal) is also tested for function, output power and frequency accuracy at the minimum specified voltage, or 11.5 volts if not specified. Units are tested at room temperature and humidity as determined by the ARRL HVAC system. Also, units that are capable of mobile or portable operation are tested at their rated temperature range, or at –10 to +60 degrees Celsius in a commercial temperature chamber.

ARRL Product Review testing typically represents a sample of only one unit (although we sometimes obtain an extra unit or two for comparison purposes). This is not necessarily representative of all units of the same model number. It is not uncommon that some parameters will vary significantly from unit to unit. The ARRL Laboratory and Product Review editor work with manufacturers to resolve any deviation from specifications or other problems encountered in the review process. These problems are documented in the Product Review.

Units used in Product Review testing are purchased off the shelf from major distributors. We take all necessary steps to ensure that we do not use units that have been specially selected by the manufacturer. When the review is complete, the unit is offered for sale in an open mail bid, announced regularly in QST .

Related ARRL Publications and Products:

The 1999 ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateurs has a chapter on test equipment and measurements. The book is available for $32.00 plus $6 shipping and handling. The Handbook is also now available in a convenient, easy to use CD-ROM format. In addition to the complete Handbook text and graphics, the CD-ROM includes a search engine, audio clips, zooming controls, bookmarks and clipboard support. The cost is $49.95 plus $4.00 shipping and handling. You can order both versions of the Handbook from our web p age at http://www.arrl.org, or contact t he ARRL Publications Sales Department at 888-277-289 (toll free). It is also widely stocked by radio and electronic dealers and a few large bookstores.

The ARRL Technical Information Service has prepared an information package that discusses Product Review testing and the features of various types of equipment. Request the "What is the Best Rig To Buy" package from the ARRL Technical Department Secretary. The cost is $2.00 for ARRL Members, $4.00 for non-Members, postpaid.

Many QST "Product Reviews" have been reprinted in three ARRL publications: The ARRL Radio Buyers Sourcebook (order #3452) covers selected Product Reviews from 1970 to 1990. The cost is $15.00 plus $4.00 shipping and handling. The ARRL Radio Buyers Sourcebook Volume II (order #4211) contains reprints of all of the Product Reviews from 1991 and 1992. The cost is $15.00 plus $4.00 shipping and handling. The VHF/UHF Radio Buyer’s Sourcebook (order #6184) contains nearly 100 reviews of transceivers, antennas, amplifiers and accessories for VHF and above. You can order these books from our Web page or contact the ARRL Publications Sales Department to order a copy.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 3

Page 4

QST is also available on CD ROM! The ARRL Periodicals CD ROMs (1998, order #7377; 1997, order #6729; 1996, order #6109 and 1995, order #5579) each contain a complete copy of all articles from a year’s worth of QST, the National Contest Journal and QEX (ARRL's experimenter's magazine). Each CD is available for $19.95 plus $4.00 for shipping and handling. Contact the ARRL Publications Sales Department to order a copy.

Older issues of QST are also available: QST View CD-ROMs come in sets covering either five years each (1960-1964 through 1990-1994), ten years each (1930-1939, 1940-1949 and 1950-59) or more (1915-1929). The price for each set is $39.95. Shipping and handling for all ARRL CD ROM products is $4.00 for the first one ordered, $1.00 for each additional set ordered at the same time.

Additional test result reports are available for:

Manufacturer Model Issue

Alpha Power 91ß Sep 97 Ameritron AL-800H Sep 97 ICOM IC-706 Mar 96

IC-706 MkII Jan 98 IC-756 May 97 IC-775DSP Jan 96

IC-821H Mar 97 JRC NRD-535 May 97 Kenwood TS-570D Jan 97

TS-870S Feb96 QRO HF-2500DX Sep 97 Ten-Tec Centaur Jun 97

Omni VI + Nov 97 Yaesu FT-100 Jun 99

FT-847 Jul 98

FT-920 Oct 97

FT-1000MP Apr 96

The cost is $7.50 for ARRL Members, $12.50 for non-Members for each report, postpaid. ARRL Members can obtain any three reports for $20.00, postpaid.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 4

Page 5

Transmitter Output Power:

Test description:

One of the first things an amateur wants to know about a transmitter or transceiver is its RF output power. The ARRL Lab measures the CW output power for every band on which a transmitter can operate. The unit is tested across the entire amateur band and the worst-case number for each band is reported. The equipment is also tested on one or more bands for any other mode of operation for which the transmitter is capable. Typically, the most popular band of operation for each mode is selected. Thus, on an HF transmitter, the SSB tests are done on 75 meters for lower sideband, 20 meters for upper sideband, and AM tests are done on 75 meters, FM tests are done on 10 meters, etc. This test also compares the accuracy of the unit's internal output-power metering against the ARRL Laboratory's calibrated test equipment.

The purpose of the Transmitter Output-Power Test is to measure the dc current consumption at the manufacturer's specified dc-supply voltage, if applicable, an d th e RF ou tpu t power of the unit under test across each ban d in each of its av ailable modes. A two-tone audio input, at a level with in th e manufacturer's microphone-input specifications, is u s ed for the SSB m ode. No modulation is used in the AM and FM modes.

Many transmitters are de-rated from maximum output power on full-carrier AM and FM modes. In most cases, a 100-watt CW/SSB transmitter may be rated at 25 watts carrier power on AM. The radio may actually deliver 100 watts PEP in AM or FM but is not specified to deliver that power level for any period of time. In these cases, the published test-result table will list the AM or FM power as being "as specified."

In almost all cases, the linearity of a transmitter decreases as output power increases. A transmitter rated at 100 watts PEP on single sideband may actually be able to deliver more power, but as the power is increased beyond the rated RF output power, adjacent channel splatter (IMD) usually increases dramatically. If the ARRL Lab determines that a transmitter is capable of delivering its rated PEP SSB output, the test-result table lists the power as being "as specified."

Key Test Conditions:

Termination: 50 ohms resistive, or as specified by the manufacturer.

Block Diagram:

PTT S

ELEGRAPH KEY

TWO-T

UDIO

ENERATOR

WITCH

OWER

UPPLY

ONE

AC ONLY

DC ONLY

DUT

RANSMITTER

100 W T

YPICAL

ATTS

CAUTION!: Power must only be applied to the attenuator input! Do not reverse input and output terminals of the Bird 8329.

RF W

ATTMETER

4381

IRD

100 W T

YPICAL

ATTS

RF Power

Attenuator &

Dummy Load

Bird 8329

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 5

Page 6

Transmitter Output Power Test Results:

Frequency Band

1.8 MHz CW 0 0.3 W “100” 88.5 W 1, 2

3.5 MHz CW 0 N/A – 93.3

3.5 MHz AM 0 N/A – N/A 3

7.0 MHz CW 0 N/A – 94.9

10.1 MHz CW 0 N/A – 95.3 14 MHz CW 0 N/A – 95.9 14 MHz USB 0 N/A – 97.0 14 MHz CW 0 N/A – 22.6 4, 10, 99 14 MHz CW 0 N/A – 94.3 11, 99 14 MHz CW 0 N/A – 95.7 12, 99 18 MHz CW 0 N/A – 95.6 21 MHz CW 0 N/A – 95.6 24 MHz CW 0 N/A – 95.1 28 MHz CW 0 N/A – 96.0 28 MHz FM 0 N/A – 96.7 50 MHz CW 0 N/A – 98.9 50 MHz FM 0 N/A – 99.5 50 MHz AM 0 N/A – N/A 3 50 MHz SSB 0 N/A – 98.5 144 MHz CW 0 N/A “50” 53.4 144 MHz FM 0 N/A – 52.7 144 MHz AM 0 N/A – N/A 3 144 MHz SSB 0 N/A – 53.3 432 MHz CW 0 N/A “20” 19.9 432 MHz FM 0 N/A – 20.2 432 MHz AM 0 N/A – N/A 3 432 MHz SSB 0 N/A – 20.0

Mode Unit

Minimum Power (W)

Measured Minimum Power (W)

Unit Maximum Power (W)

Measured Maximum Power (W)

Notes

Notes:

1. Unit's power meter consists of LED segments; minimum power showed 0 segments lit.

2. The unit showed LED segments reaching a fixed display label reading 100 at full power.

3. Due to a problem with this unit, AM carrier power could not be measured in a meaningful way. See text of QST’s Product Review for details.

4. Initial power output upon applying power after “soaking” at -10 deg for an hour. After each subsequent transmission, the power output increased with rise in rig’s internal temperature (three very short transmissions brought the output up to about 50W).

10. Temperature chamber test at -10 degrees Celsius.

11. Temperature chamber test at +60 degrees Celsius.

12. Output power test at 11.5 volts dc power supply (if applicable).

99. Temperature chamber tests and 11.5 volt tests are performed only for portable and mobile equipment.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 6

Page 7

Current Consumption Test: (DC-powered units only)

Test Description:

important for QRP rigs, the ARRL Lab tests the current consumption of all equipment that can be operated from a battery or 12-14 Vdc source. The equipment is tested in transmit at maximum output power. On receive, it is tested at maximum volume, with no input signal, using the receiver's broadband noise. Any display lights are turned on to maximum brightness, if applicable. This test is not performed on equipment that can be powered only from the ac mains.

Current Consumption:

Voltage Transmit

13.8 V 17 A 97.0 W 1.3 A ON

Current consumption can be a important to the success of mobile and portable operation. While it is most

Output Power Receive Current Lights? Notes

Current

Transmit Frequency Range Test:

Test Description:

operation, for example, or unintentionally as the result of the design and internal software. The ARRL Lab tests the transmit frequency range inside the screen room. The purpose of the Transmit Frequency R an ge Test is to determine th e range of frequencies, including those outside amateur bands, for w hich th e transmitter may be used. The key test conditions are to test it at rated power, using nominal supply voltages. Frequencies are as indicated on the transmitter frequency indicator or display. Most modern synthesized transmitters are capable of operation outside the ham bands. However, spectral purity is not always legal outside the hams bands, so caution must be used. In addition, most other radio services require that transmitting equipment be type accepted for that service. Amateur equipment is not legal for use on other than amateur and MARS frequencies.

Test Results:

Frequency Low-Frequency Limit High-Frequency Limit Notes 160 M 1.800 00 MHz 2.000 00 MHz 80 M 3.500 00 MHz 4.000 00 MHz 40 M 7.000 00 MHz 7.300 00 MHz 30 M 10.100 00 MHz 10.150 00 MHz 20 M 14.000 00 MHz 14.350 00 MHz 17 M 18.068 00 MHz 18.168 00 MHz 15 M 21.000 00 MHz 21.450 00 MHz 12 M 24.890 00 MHz 25.990 00 MHz 10 M 28.000 00 MHz 29.700 00 MHz 6 M 50.000 00 MHz 54.000 00 MHz 2 M 144.000 00 MHz 148.000 00 MHz 70 CM 420.000 00 MHz 450.000 00 MHz

Many transmitters can transmit outside the amateur bands, either intentionally, to accommodate MARS

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 7

Page 8

CW Transmit Frequency Accuracy Test:

Test Description:

equipment operating within a few Hz of the frequency indicated on the frequency display. However, some units, notably "analog" units, not using a phase-lock loop in the VFO design, can be off by a considerable amount. This test measures the output frequency. Unit is operated into a 50-ohm resistive load at nominal temperature and supply voltage. Frequency is also measured at minimum output power, low supply voltage (12 volt units only) and over the operating temperature range (mobile and portable units only). Non-portable equipment is not tested in the temperature chamber.

Test Results:

Unit Frequency Supply

14.000 00 MHz 13.8 V 25 C 14.000 011 MHz

14.000 00 MHz 12.5 V 25C 14.000 011 MHz

14.000 00 MHz 13.8 V -10C 13.999 949 MHz

14.000 00 MHz 13.8 V +60C 14.000 043 MHz

50.000 00 MHz 13.8 V 25 C 50.000 037 MHz

144.000 00 MHz 13.8 V 25 C 144.000 106 MHz

430.000 00 MHz 13.8 V 25 C 430.000 315 MHz

430.000 00 MHz 13.8 V -10C 429.998 297 MHz

430.000 00 MHz 13.8 V +60C 430.001 271 MHz

Most modern amateur equipment is surprisingly accurate in frequency. It is not uncommon to find

Voltage

Temperature Measured Frequency

Full Output Power

Notes

Spectral Purity Test:

Test Description:

known as spurious emissions or "spurs." Part 97 of the FCC rules and regulations specify the amount of spurious emissions that can be emitted by a transmitter operating in the Amateur Radio Service. The ARRL Laboratory uses a spectrum analyzer to measure the spurious emission on each band on which a transmitter can operate. The transmitter is tested across the band and the worst-case spectral purity on each band is captured from the spectrum analyzer and stored on disk. Spectral purity is reported in dBc, meaning dB relative to the transmitted carrier.

The graphs and tables indicate the relative level of any spurious emissions from the transmitter. The lower that level, expressed in dB relative to the output carrier, the better the transmitter is. So a transmitter whose spurious emissions are -60 dBc is spectrally cleaner than is one whose spurious emissions are -30 dBc. FCC Part 97 regulations governing spectral purity are contained in 97.307 of the FCC rules. Information about all amateur rules and regulations is found in the ARRL FCC Rule Book. Additional information about the decibel is found in the ARRL Handbook.

Key Test Conditions:

Unit is operated at nominal supply voltage and temperature. Output power is adjusted to full power on each amateur band. A second measurement is taken at minimum power to ensure that the spectral output is still legal at low power. The level to the spectrum analyzer is –10 dBm maximum. The resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer is 10 kHz on HF, 100 kHz on VHF, 1 MHz on UHF.

All transmitters emit some signals outside their assigned frequency or frequency range. These signals are

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 8

Page 9

Block Diagram:

CAUTION!: Power must only be applied to the attenuator input! Do not reverse input and o utput te rminals of the Bi rd 8329.

ONE

TWO-T

UDIO

ENERATOR

ELEGRAPH KEY

OWER SOURCE

Test Results - summary:

Frequency Spurs ( dBc) Notes

1.8 MHz –68 dBc

3.5 MHz –40 1 7 MHz –55

10.1 MHz –54 14 MHz –55 18 MHz –59 21 MHz –53 24 MHz –60 28 MHz –50 50 MHz –60 144 MHz –60 430 MHz –68

DUT

RANSMITTER

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

100 W T

YPICAL

ATTS

RF W

ATTMETER

4381

IRD

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 3555C

TEP

100 W T

YPICAL

DO NOT EXCEED 0 dBm

ATTS

RF Power

Attenuator &

Dummy Load

Bird 8329

PECTRUM

NALYZER

HP 8563E

Notes:

1. A second unit tested showed a spur of –50 dBc on this band.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 9

Page 10

Spectral-Purity Graphs:

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

1.8 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100SLO.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

10.1 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S30.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

3.5 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S80.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

7.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S40.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–70

–80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

14.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S20.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

18.1 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S17.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 10

Page 11

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

21.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S15.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

50.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S6M.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

24.9 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S12.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

28.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S10.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–80

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

144.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 50 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S2M.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

–10

Reference Level: 0 dBc

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

420.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 20 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100S70.TXT

Frequency (MHz)

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 11

Page 12

Transmit Two-Tone IMD Test:

Test Description:

Investigating the sidebands from a modulated transmitter requires a narrow-band spectrum analysis. In this test, a two-tone test signal is used to modulate the transmitter. The display shows the two test tones plus some of the IMD products produced by the SSB transmitter. In the ARRL Lab, a two-tone test signal with frequencies of 700 and 1900 Hz is used to modulate the transmitter. These frequencies were selected to be within the audio passband of the typical transmitter, resulting in a meaningful display of transmitter IMD. The intermodulation products appear on the spectral plot above and below the two tones. The lower the intermodulation products, the better the transmitter. In general, it is the products that are farthest removed from the two tones (typically > 3 kHz away) that cause the most problems. These can cause splatter up and down the band from strong si gnals.

Key Test Conditions:

Transmitter operated at rated output power. Audio tones and drive level adjusted for best performance. Audio tones 700 and 1900 Hz. Both audio tones adjusted for equal RF output. Level to spectrum analyzer, - 10 dBm nominal, -10 dBm maximum. Resolution bandwidth, 10 Hz

Block Diagram:

CAUTION!: Power must only be applied to the attenuator input! Do not reverse input and o utput te rminals of the Bi rd 8329.

TWO-T

ENERATOR

ELEGRAPH KEY

OWER SOURCE

UDIO

ONE

DUT

RANSMITTER

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

100 W T

YPICAL

ATTS

RF W

ATTMETER

4381

IRD

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 3555C

TEP

100 W T

YPICAL

DO NOT EXCEED 0 dBm

ATTS

RF Power

Attenuator &

Dummy Load

Bird 8329

PECTRUM

NALYZER

HP 8563E

Test Result Summary:

Frequency Worst-case

3rd-order dB PEP

Worst-case 5th-order dB PEP

Notes

1.85 MHz –35 –39

3.9 MHz –30 –48

7.25 MHz –29 –47

10.12 MHz –32 –36

14.25 MHz –30 –53

18.12 MHz –30 –43

21.25 MHz –30 –37 1

24.95 MHz –30 –40

28.35 MHz –32 –39 1

50.2 MHz –25 –40 1

144.2 MHz –22 –43

432.2 MHz –26 –42

Notes:

1. Tested at 80W; at higher power levels, additional spurious mixing products obscured the IMD products. This did not occur with a single tone input, however.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 12

Page 13

Transmit IMD Graphs

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

1.850 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100ILO.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

3.900 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I80.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

10.120 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I30.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

14.250 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I20.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

7.250 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I40.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 13

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

18.120 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I17.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Page 14

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

21.250 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I15.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

24.950 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I12.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

50.200 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I6M.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

144.200 MHz, Transmit IMD, 50 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I2M.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

28.350 MHz, Transmit IMD, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I10.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

Reference Level: 0 dB PEP

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

432.200 MHz, Transmit IMD, 20 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100I70.TXT

Frequency Offset (kHz)

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 14

Page 15

SSB Carrier and Unwanted Sideband Suppression Test:

Test Description

and unwanted sideband suppression relative to Peak Envelope Power (PEP). The transmitter output is observed on the spectrum analyzer and the unwanted components are compared to the desired sideband. The level to the spectrum analyzer is 10 dBm nominal. The measurement bandwidth is 100 Hz. The greater the amount of suppression, the better the transmitter. For example, opposite sideband suppression of 60 dB is better than suppression of 50 dB.

Test Results:

Frequency Carrier Suppression

14.2 MHz < –52/–53 dB < –68/–67 dB

50.2 MHz < –53/–53 dB < –66/–66 dB

144.2 MHz < –54/–53 dB < –67/–69 dB

432.2 MHz < –51/–52 dB < –64/–63 dB

: The purpose of the SSB Carrier and opposite-sideband Suppression test is to determine the level of carrier

USB/LSB (PEP)

Opposite Sideband Suppression USB/LSB (PEP)

Notes

CW Keying Waveform Test:

Test Description:

point of the device u n der tes t's RF output envelope i n t h e C W mode. The on and off delay times from key cl os u re to R F ou t pu t are also measured. If the transmitter un der test has several CW modes, (i.e. VOX, QSK) these measurements is made at rated output power for each mode. A picture of the oscilloscope screen is taken of the resu lts with the QSK off, and in the VOX mode show ing the first dit, and any other test conditions that result in a w avesh ape that is sig ni fi cantly different from the others (more than 10% difference, spikes, etc.). The first an d secon d dits are s h own in all modes.

The purpose of the CW Keying Waveform Test is to determine the rise and fall times for the 10% to the 90%

If the risetime or falltime become too short, the transmitter will generate key clicks. Most click-free transmitters have a rise and fall time between 1 ms and 5 ms. The absolute value of the on delay and off delay are not critical, but it is important that they be approximately the same so that CW weighting will not be affected.

Some transmitters used in the VOX mode exhibit a first dit that is shorter than subsequent dits. Other transmitters can show significant shortening of all dits when used in the QSK mode. The latter will cause keying to sound choppy.

The first di t foreshorteni ng i s expressed as a "weighting" number. In perfect keying, the weighting is 50%, meaning tha t the carrier is ON for 50% of the time.

Key Test Conditions:

The transmitter is operated at room temperature at rated output power into a 50-ohm resi stive lo ad. Th e power supply vol tage is nominal. Attenuators are adjusted to obtain 3 volts RMS to the oscilloscope.

Test Result Summary:

Captions (Figures on next pages): All Figures a re 10 ms/division., unless otherwise noted.

Figure 1. This shows the first and second dits in Full QSK mode. Figure 2. This shows the first and second dits in Semi QSK mode. Figure 3. This shows the first and second dits in Full QSK mode, 35 watts output.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 15

Page 16

CW Keying Waveforms:

Figure 1

Figure 2

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 16

Page 17

Figure 3

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 17

Page 18

ransmit Keyer Speed Test:

Test Description:

minimum, midrange and maximum speeds and the time from dit to dit is measured using an oscilloscope and used to calculate the speed using the "Paris" method of code speed calculation. (In the Paris method, the word "Paris" is used as the standard word to calculate words per minute.)

Test Results:

Min WPM Max WPM Mid WPM Notes

5.6 wpm 57 wpm N/A

Notes:

This test measures the speed of the internal keyer on transmitters so equipped. The keyer is tests at

Keying sidetone test:

Test Description:

Test Result:

Default pitch Minimum Maximum Notes 676 Hz 385 Hz 806 Hz

Notes:

This test measures the audio frequency of the keyer sidetone.

Transmit/Receive Turnaround Test:

Test Description:

transmit to the receive mode of a transceiver.

Test Results:

Frequency Conditions T/R Delay AGC Fast T/R Delay AGC Slow Notes

14.2 MHz 50% audio 15 ms 15 ms 1

Notes:

1. T/R delay less than or equal to 35 ms is suitable for use on AMTOR.

The purpose of the Transmit/Receive turnaround test is to measure the delay required to switch from the

Transmit Delay Test

Test Description:

is measured on SSB, modulated with a single tone and on FM, unmodulated.

Test Result

Frequency Mode On delay Notes

14.2 MHz SSB 11 ms 29 MHz FM 13 ms 52 MHz FM 13 ms 146 MHz FM 13 ms 440 MHz FM 12 ms

Notes:

The purpose of the Transmit Delay test is to measure the time between PTT closure and 50% RF output. It

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 18

Page 19

Transmit Composite Noise Test:

Test Description:

The purpose of the Composite-Noise Test is to observe and measure the phase and amplitude noise, as well as any spurious signals generated by the device under test transmitter. Since phase noise is the primary noise component in any well-designed transmitter, it can be assum ed, therefore, that alm ost all the n oise observed during this test is phase noise. This measurement is accomplished by conv ertin g the outpu t of th e tran smitter down to a frequency about 10 or 20 Hz above baseband. A mixer and a signal generator used as a local oscillator are used to perform this conversion. Filters rem ove th e 0 Hz com ponent as well as the unwanted heterodyne compon en ts . The rem ain in g n oise an d s puriou s si g n als are th en obs erv ed on th e spectru m analyzer. The lower the noise as seen on the plot, the better the transmitter.

Key Test Conditions:

Transmitter operated at rated output power into a 50-ohm resistive load. Transmitter operated at room temperature. Frequencies from 2 to 22 kHz from the carrier are measured. Ten sweeps are averaged on the spectrum analyzer to reduce noise.

Block Diagram:

OWER MUST ONLY BE

DUT

RANSMITTER

HE BIRD

8329.

ATTMETER

IRD

4381

OWER

RF P

TTENUATOR

IRD

8329

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355C

RF S

ENERATOR

ARCONI

CAUTION!: P

PPLIED TO THE ATTENUATO R INPUT

O NOT REVERSE THE INPUT AND

UTPUT TERMINALS OF

IGNAL

4031

IXER

PHASE LOCK SIGNAL

IF IN

COMPOSITE NOISE MIX E R

6 dB

TTENUATOR

Test Result Summary:

Frequency 2 kHz offset

(dBc/Hz)

20 kHz offset (dBc/Hz)

3.520 MHz –112 –130

14.02 MHz –115 –132

50.2 MHz –110 –128

144.2 MHz –109 –127

432.2 MHz –107 –123

Notes:

1.25 MH

OW PASS

ILTER

Notes

1 KH

IGH PASS

ILTER

LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER

IF OUT

PECTRUM

NALYZER

HP 8563E

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 19

Page 20

Transmit Composite Noise Graphs:

–60

Reference Level: - 60 dBc/Hz

–70

Vertical Scale: dBc/Hz

–80

–60

Reference Level: - 60 dBc/Hz

–70

Vertical Scale: dBc/Hz

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

3.520 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100P80.TXT

Frequency Sweep: 2 to 22 kHz from Carrier

–60

Reference Level: - 60 dBc/Hz

–70

Vertical Scale: dBc/Hz

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

14.020 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100P20.TXT

Frequency Sweep: 2 to 22 kHz from Carrier

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

50.020 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100P6M.TXT

Frequency Sweep: 2 to 22 kHz from Carrier

–60

Reference Level: - 60 dBc/Hz

–70

Vertical Scale: dBc/Hz

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

144.020 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100P2M.TXT

Frequency Sweep: 2 to 22 kHz from Carrier

–60

Reference Level: - 60 dBc/Hz

–70

Vertical Scale: dBc/Hz

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Yaesu FT-100 9D021081

432.020 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W F:\SHARED\PROD_REV\TESTS\FT100.2ND\FT100P70.TXT

Frequency Sweep: 2 to 22 kHz from Carrier

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 20

Page 21

Receiver Noise Floor (Minimum Discernible Signal) Test:

Test Description

to the noise output level. This is sometimes called "minimum discernible signal " (MDS), although a skilled operator c an detect a signal up to 10 dB or so below the noise floor. Most modern receivers have a noise floor within a few dB of "perfect." A perfect receiver would hear only the noise of a resistor at room temperature. However, especially for HF receiving systems, the system noise is rarely determined by the receiver. In most cases, external noise is many dB higher than the receiver's internal noise. In this case, it is the external factors that determine the system noise performance. Making the receiver more sensitive will only allow it to hear more noise. It will also be more prone to overload. In many cases, especially in the lower HF bands, receiver performance can be improved by sacrificing unneeded sensitivity by placing an attenuator in front of the receiver. The more negative the sensitivity number expressed in dBm, or the smaller the number expressed in voltage, the better the receiver.

Key Test Conditions:

50-ohm source impedance for generators.; Receiver audio output to be terminated with specified impedance. Receiver is tested using 500 Hz bandwidth, or closest available bandwidth to 500 Hz.

Block Diagram:

The noise floor of a receiver is the level of input signal that gives a desired audio output level that is equal

HI-Z

ONITOR AMP

RF S

ENERATOR

ARCONI

IGNAL

2041

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355C

DUT

ECEIVER

UDIO/

ISTORTION

ETER

HP 339A

Noise Floor:

Frequency Preamp OFF

(dBm)

Preamp ON (dBm)

Notes

1.82 MHz –132.6 –136.6

3.52 MHz –132.9 –137.5

7.02 MHz –136.4 –139.9

10.12 MHz –135.3 –139.3

14.02 MHz –132.6 –137.3

14.02 MHz –136.1 N/A 1

14.02 MHz –138.6 N/A 2

14.02 MHz –135.1 N/A 3

18.1 MHz –133.3 –135.9

21.02 MHz –132.4 –138.8

24.91 MHz –132.7 –140.6

28.02 MHz –131.8 –140.4

50.02 MHz –129.8 –134.7

144.02 MHz N/A –142.3

430.02 MHz N/A –143.3

Notes:

1. Unit operated at 12.5 V dc. (Only performed on units that are specified to operate from 12-14 V dc source.

2. Unit operated at -10C. (Only performed on mobile or portable units)

3. Unit operated at +60C. (Only performed on mobile or portable units)

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 21

Page 22

Receive Frequency Range:

Test Description:

receiver can be tuned. Most receivers exhibit some degradation of sensitivity near the limits of their tuning range. In cases where this degradation renders the receiver unusable, we report both the actual and useful tuning range.

Test Results:

Minimum Frequency Minimum

65 kHz –67.0 dBm 960.999 99 MHz –97.2 dBm

Additional Test Results

Frequency Sensitivity

65 kHz –67.0 dBm 500 kHz –125.8

1.0 MHz –131.5 100 MHz 162 MHz 222 MHz

Notes:

This test measures the tuning range of the receiver. The range expressed is the range over which the

Frequency Noise Floor

Preamp ON

8.4 µV

0.19 µV

0.44 µV

Maximum Frequency

Notes

WFM NFM NFM

Maximum Frequency Noise Floor

Notes

AM Sensitivity Test:

Test Description:

kHz, that results in a tone 10 dB above the noise level (MDS) of the receiver. Two frequencies, 1.020 MHz and 3.800 MHz are used for this test. The more negative the number, expressed in dBm, or the smaller the number expressed in voltage, the better the sensitivity.

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier

1.02 MHz OFF 1.90

1.02 MHz ON 1.12

3.8 MHz OFF 1.70

3.8 MHz ON 0.965 53 MHz OFF 2.75 53 MHz ON 1.19 120 MHz (aircraft) ON 0.976 146 MHz ON 0.420 440 MHz ON 0.426

Notes:

The purpose of the AM receive Sensitivity Test is to determine the level of an AM signal, 30% modulated at 1

Notes

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 22

Page 23

FM SINAD and Quieting Test:

The purpose of the FM SINAD and Quieting Test is to determine the following at a test frequen cy of 29.000

Test Description

MHz:

1) The 12 dB SINAD value. SINAD is an acronym for "SIgnal plus Noise And Distortion" and is a measure of sig nal quality. The exact expression for SINAD is the following:

SINAD = Signal + Noise + Distortion (expressed in dB) Noise + Distortion

If we consider distortion to be merely another form of noise, (distortion, like noise, is something u n wanted added to the signal), we can further reduce the equation f or SINA D to:

If we now con sider a practical circu it in which the signal is mu ch g reater than th e n oise, th e valu e of th e SIGNA L + NOISE can be approximated by the lev el of th e SIGNAL alone. The SINAD equation then becom es th e s ig n al to n oise ratio. The approximation now becomes:

SINAD = Signal (expressed in dB) Noise

SINAD = Signal + Noise (expressed in dB)

Noise

For the 25% level of distortion used in this test, the SINAD value can be calculated as follows:

SINAD = 20 log (1/25%) = 20 log 4 = 12 dB

2) The level of unmodulated input sig n al th at produ ces 10 dB of qu i et in g if specified by th e manufacturer.

3) The level of unmodulated i n pu t s i g n al t h at produ ces 20 dB of quieting if specified by the manufacturer.

The more negative the number, expressed in dBm, or the smaller the number, expressed as voltage, the better the sensitivity.

Test

Results

Frequency Preamplifier Bandwidth

Notes

29.0 MHz OFF NARROW 0.616 1, 2

29.0 MHz ON NARROW 0.226

52.0 MHz OFF NARROW 0.660

52.0 MHz ON NARROW 0.398

100.0 MHz ON WIDE 8.41 3

100.0 MHz ON NARROW 0.275 3

146.0 MHz ON WIDE 2.80

146.0 MHz ON NARROW 0.148

440.0 MHz ON WIDE 0.767

440.0 MHz ON NARROW 0.157

Notes:

1. Level for 12 dB SINAD. The FM quieting test is performed only if needed to verify a manufacturer's specification.

2. SINAD not within normal range for WFM on 29 and 52 MHz (WFM SINAD is not specified by Yaesu).

3. FM broadcast band.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 23

Page 24

Blocking Dynamic Range Test:

Test Description:

one or more unwanted signals on other frequency. It is essentially a measurement of the difference between a receiver's noise floor and the loudest off-channel signal that can be accommodated without measurable degradation of the receiver's response to a relatively weak signal to which it is tuned. This difference is usually expressed in dB. Thus, a receiver with a dynamic range of 100 dB would be able to tolerate an off-channel signal 100 dB stronger than the receiver's noise floor.

In the case of blocking dynamic range, the degradation criterion is receiver desense. Blocking dynamic range (BDR) is the difference, in dB, between the noise floor and a off-channel signal that causes 1 dB of gain compression in the receiver. It indicates the signal level, above the noise floor, that begins to cause desensitization. BDR is calculated by subtracting the noise floor from the level of undesired signal that produces a 1-dB decrease in a weak desired signal. It is expressed in dB. The greater the dynamic range, expressed in dB, the better the receiver performance. It is usual for the dynamic range to vary with frequency spacing.

Key Test Conditions:

AGC is normally turned off; the receiver is operated in its linear region. Desired signal set to 10 dB below the 1-dB compression point, or 20 dB above the noise floor in receivers whose AGC cannot be disabled. The receiver bandwidth is set as close as possible to 500 Hz.

Block Diagram:

Dynamic range is a measurement of a receiver's ability to function well on one frequency in the presence of

IGNAL

RF S

ENERATOR

ARCONI

MCL ZSFC 2-6

PORT

OUPLER

IGNAL

RF S

ENERATOR

HP 8640B

2041

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355C

TEP

DUT

ECEIVER

HI-Z

ONITOR AMP

UDIO/

ISTORTION

ETER

HP 339A

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 24

Page 25

Test Result Summary:

Band P reamp Spacing BDR (dB) Notes

1.82 MHz ON 50 kHz 121.6 1

3.52 MHz OFF 20 kHz 127.9

3.52 MHz ON 20 kHz 121.5

3.52 MHz ON 50 kHz 123.5

14.02 MHz OFF 20 kHz 129.6

14.02 MHz ON 20 kHz 125.3

14.02 MHz ON 50 kHz 129.3

14.02 MHz OFF 100 kHz 131.6

14.02 MHz ON 100 kHz 127.3

21.02 MHz ON 50 kHz 127.8

28.02 MHz ON 50 kHz 127.4

50.02 MHz OFF 20 kHz 115.8*

50.02 MHz ON 20 kHz 106.7*

50.02 MHz ON 50 kHz 113.7*

144.02 MHz ON 20 kHz 113.3*

144.02 MHz ON 50 kHz 121.3

432.02 MHz ON 20 kHz 113.3*

432.02 MHz ON 50 kHz 113.3

Notes:

1. 500 Hz receiver bandwidth for all tests. * Indicates that measurement was noise limited at values shown

Two-Tone 3rd-Order Dynamic Range Test:

Test Description: Intermodulation distortion dynamic range (IMD DR) measures the impact of two-tone IMD on a receiver.

IMD is the production of spurious responses resulting from the mixing of desired and undesired signals in a receiver. IMD occurs in any receiver when signals of sufficient magnitude are present. IMD DR is the difference, in dB, between the noise floor and the strength of two equa l off-channel signals that produce a third-order product equal to the noise floor.

In the case of two-tone, third-order dynamic range, the degradation criterion is a receiver spurious response. If the receiver generates a third-order response equal to the receiver's noise floor to two off-channel signals, the differe nce between the noise floor and the level of one of the off-channel signals is the blocking dynamic range.

This test determines the range of signals that can be tolerated by the device under test w hile producing essen tially no undesired spurious responses. To perform the 3 input of the receiver. If w e call thes e f requ encies f

The greater the dynamic range, expressed in dB, or the higher the intercept point, the better the performance.

Key Test Conditions:

Sufficient attenuation and isolation must exist between the two signal generators. The two-port coupler must be terminated in a 20-dB return loss load. The receiver is set as close as possible to 500 Hz bandwidth.

Order test, two signals of equal amplitude and spaced 20 kHz apart, are injected into the

and f2, the third-order products will appear at frequencies of (2f1-f2) and (2f2-f1).

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 25

Page 26

Block Diagram:

IGNAL

RF S

ENERATOR

ARCONI

MCL ZSFC 2-6

PORT

OUPLER

IGNAL

RF S

ENERATOR

HP 8640B

2041

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355C

DUT

ECEIVER

HI-Z

ONITOR AMP

UDIO/

ISTORTION

ETER

HP 339A

Two-Tone Receiver IMD Dynamic Range Test Result Summary:

Band Spacing Preamp OFF

IMD DR (dB)

1.82 MHz 50 kHz N/A 84.6 1

3.52 MHz 20 kHz 91.9 87.5

3.52 MHz 50 kHz N/A 88.5

14.02 MHz 20 kHz 93.6 91.3

14.02 MHz 50 kHz N/A 91.3

14.02 MHz 100 kHz 94.6 91.3

21.02 MHz 50 kHz N/A 89.8

28.02 MHz 50 kHz N/A 88.4

50.02 MHz 20 kHz 93.8* 89.7

50.02 MHz 50 kHz N/A 90.7

144.02 MHz 20 kHz N/A 84.3

144.02 MHz 50 kHz N/A 85.3

144.02 MHz 10 MHz N/A 97.3

432.02 MHz 20 kHz N/A 82.3

432.02 MHz 50 kHz N/A 83.3

432.02 MHz 10 MHz N/A 85.3

Preamp ON IMD DR (dB)

Notes

Notes: 1. Unit tested at 500 Hz bandwidth.

* Indicates that the measurement was noise limited at values shown.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 26

Page 27

Dynamic Range Graphs:

The following page shows one of the highlights of ARRL test result reports -- swept graphs on receiver two-tone, third-order IMD dynamic range and blocking dynamic range. These graphs are taken using National Instruments LabWindows CVI automated test software, with a custom program written by the ARRL Laboratory.

Dynamic range measures the difference between a receiver's noise floor and the receiver's degradation in the presence of strong signals. In some cases, the receiver's noise performance causes receiver degradation before blocking or a spurious response is seen. In either case, if the noise floor is degraded by 1 dB due to the presence of receiver noise during the test, the dynamic range is said to be noise limited by the level of signal that caused the receiver noise response. A noise-limited condition is indicated in the

"Product Review" test-result tables. The Laboratory is working on software changes that will show

QST

on the test-result graphs which specific frequencies were noise limited. These will be incorporated into future test-result reports.

Being "noise limited" is not necessarily a bad thing. A receiver noise limited at a high level is better than a receiver whose dynamic range is lower than the noise-limited level. In essence, a receiver that is noise limited has a dynamic range that is better than its local-oscillator noise. Most of the best receivers are noise limited at rather high levels.

The ARRL Laboratory has traditionally used off-channel signals spaced 20 kHz from the desired signal. This does allow easy comparisons between different receivers. There is nothing magical about the 20-kHz spacing, however. In nearly all receivers, the dynamic range varies with signal spacing, due to the specific design of the receiver. Most receivers have filter combinations that do some coarse filtering at RF and in the first IF, with additional filtering taking place in later IF or AF stages. As the signals get "inside" different filters in the receiver, the dynamic range decreases as the attenuation of the filter is no longer applied to the signal. Interestingly, the different filter shapes can sometimes be seen in the graphs of dynamic range of different receivers. In the case of the ARRL graphs, one can often see that the 20-kHz spacing falls on the slope of the curve. Many manufacturers specify dynamic range at 50 or 100 kHz.

The computer is not as skilled (yet) at interpreting noisy readings as a good test engineer, so in some cases there are a few dB of difference between the computer-generated data and those in the "Product Review" tables. Our test engineer takes those number manually, carefully measuring levels and interpreting noise and other phenomena that can effect the test data. (We are still taking the two-tone IMD data manually.)

The graphs that follow show swept blocking and two-tone dynamic range. In the blocking test, the receiver is tuned to a signal on 14.020 MHz, the center of the graph. The X axis is the frequency (MHz) of the undesired, off-channel signal. In the two-tone test, the receiver is tuned to a signal on 14.020 MHz, the center of the graph. The X axis is the frequency of the closer of the two tones that are creating intermodulation.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 27

Page 28

Dynamic-Range Graphs:

150.0

140.0

130.0

120.0

110.0

D R

100.0

90.0

Swept Blocking Dynamic Range

Receiver Frequency = 14.02 MHz

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

13.820 13.920 14.020 14.120 14.220

FT-100 9D021081

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 28

Page 29

150.0

140.0

130.0

120.0

110.0

100.0

D R

Swept IMD Dynamic Range

Receiver Frequency = 14.02 MHz

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

13.820 13.920 14.020 14.120 14.220

FT-100 9D021081

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 29

Page 30

Second-Order IMD Test:

Test Description:

This test measures the amount of 2nd-order mixing that takes place in the receiver. Signals at 6 and 8 MHz

are presented to the receiver and the resultant output at 14 MHz is measured.

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier Mode Dynamic

IP2 No tes

Range (dB)

14.02 MHz OFF CW 91.6 dB +51.7 dBm

14.02 MHz ON CW 94.3 dB +52.8 dBm

In-Band Receiver IMD Test:

Test Description:

the passband of a receiver. Two signals, at levels of 50 µV (nominally S9), spaced 100 Hz are used. The receiver AGC is set to FAST. The receiver is tuned so the two signals appear at 900 Hz and 1100 Hz in the receiver audio. The output of the receiver is viewed on a spectrum analyzer and the 3rd- and 5th order products are measured directly from the screen. The smaller the products as seen on the graph, the better the receiver. Generally, products that are less than 30 dB below the desired tones will not be cause objectionable receiver intermodulation distortion.

Key Test Conditions:

S9 or S9 + 40 dB signals Receiver set to SSB normal mode, nominal 2 - 3 kHz bandwidth

Block Diagram:

This test measures the intermodulation that occurs between two signals that are simultaneously present in

IGNAL

RF S

ENERATOR

ARCONI

MCL ZSFC 2-6

PORT

OUPLER

IGNAL

RF S

ENERATOR

HP 8640B

2041

10 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355D

TEP

1 dB S

TTENUATOR

HP 355C

Test Result Summary:

Frequency Preamplifier AGC 3rd-order

dB (PEP)

5th-order dB (PEP)

14.02 MHz ON FAST N/A N/A 1

14.02 MHz ON SLOW N/A N/A

Notes:

1. Test not performed on this unit.

DUT

ECEIVER

Notes

HI-Z

ONITOR AMP

UDIO/

ISTORTION

ETER

HP 339A

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 30

Page 31

FM Adjacent Channel Selectivity Test:

Test Description:

receiver to reject interference from indiv i dual u n des ired si g nals while receiving various lev els of desired signal. The desired carrier signal will be at 29.000 MHz, m odu lated at 1000 Hz, an d th e of f en din g si g n al will be located at adjacent nearby frequencies with 400 Hz modulation. (NO TE: The SINA D Test in 5.3 must be performed bef ore th i s t es t can be completed.) The greater the number in dB, the better the rejection.

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier Frequency

29.0 MHz ON 20 kHz 76.9 dB 52 MHz ON 20 kHz 72.0 dB 146 MHz ON 20 kHz 72.3 dB 440 MHz ON 20 kHz 69.1 dB

Notes:

The purpose of the FM Adjacent Channel Selectivity Test is to measure the ability of th e device u nder test

Spacing

Adjacent-channel rejection

Notes

FM Two-Tone 3rd-Order Dynamic Range Test:

Test Description:

be tolerated by the device under testing the FM mode while producing no spurious responses greater than th e 12-dB SINAD level. To perform this test, two signals, f The signal located 40 kHz f rom the distortion product bein g measured is modula ted at 1,000 Hz with a deviation of 3 k Hz. The receiver is tuned to the Third Order IMD frequencies as determined by (2f simultaneously by equal amounts until 25 % distortion, or the 12 dB SINAD point, is obtained. Frequencies 10 MHz outside the amateur band are used to test th e wide-band dynami c ran g e. The greater th e dynamic range, the better the receiv er perf ormance.

The purpose of the FM Two- Tone 3

and f2, of equal amplitude and spaced 20 kHz apart, are injected into the input of the receiver.

Order Dynamic Range Test is to determine the range of signals th at can

) and (2f2-f1). The input signals are then raised

1-f2

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier Frequency

Spacing 29 MHz ON 20 kHz 71.9 dB 1 52 MHz ON 20 kHz 72.0 dB 2 146 MHz ON 20 kHz 72.3 dB 2 146 MHz ON 10 MHz 85.8 dB 440 MHz ON 20 kHz 67.1 dB 440 MHz ON 10 MHz 75.1 dB

Notes:

1. FM Narrow for all tests in this table.

2. Test is noise limited. In FM, this results in a reading that is somewhat inaccurate. The actual dynamic range is probably a few dB worse than the figures indicated. While this may sound opposite of what is expected, the presence of noise means that a stronger signal is required to have a product equal to the measured SINAD and the result is a number that appears better than it would be if there wer e no noise.

Dynamic Range Notes

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 31

Page 32

Image Rejection Test:

Test Description:

signal input to the receiver at the first IF imag e f requencies th at will produce an audio output equal to the MDS level. The test is conducted with the receiver in th e CW mode using the 500 Hz, or closest available, IF filters. Any audio filtering is disabled an d AGC is turned OFF, if pos s ible. The test is perf ormed with the receiver tun ed to 14.020 MHz f or receiv ers th at h av e 20- meter capability, or to a frequency 20 kHz up from the lower band edge for single-band receivers. The greater the number in dB, the better the image rejection.

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier Mode Calculated

14.250 MHz ON CW 151.9902 MHz 113.2 dB

50.2 MHz ON CW 187.9902 MHz 104.1 dB

144.2 MHz ON CW 281.9902 MHz 79.6 dB

432.2 MHz ON CW 292.0502 MHz 82.0 dB

Notes:

This test measures the amount of image rejection for superheterodyne receivers by determining the level of

Image Frequency

Image Rejection

Notes

IF Rejection Test:

Test Description:

signal input to the receiver at the first IF that w ill produce an audio output equal to the MDS level. The test is conducted with the receiver in the CW mode usin g th e 500 Hz, or closes t av ailable, IF f ilters. Any audio filtering is disabled an d AGC is turned OFF, if possible. The test is perform ed with the receiver tuned to 14.020 MHz for receivers th at h av e 20- meter capability, or to a frequency 20 kHz up f rom the lower band edge for sin g le- ban d receiv ers . The greater th e n u mber in dB, the better the IF rejection.

This test measures the amount of first IF rejection for superheterodyne receivers by determining the level of

Test Results:

Frequency Pr eamplifier Mode 1st IF

Rejection

14.250 MHz ON CW 100.8 dB

50.2 MHz ON CW 67.7 dB

144.2 MHz ON CW 94.6 dB

432.2 MHz ON CW 115.4 dB

Notes:

Notes

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 32

Page 33

Audio Output Power Test:

Test Description:

distortion are used. For units not specified, an 8-ohm load and 10% harmonic distortion are used.

Test Results:

Specified Distortion Specified Load

10% T.H.D. 8 ohms 1.71 W

Notes:

This test measures the audio power delivered by the receiver. The manufacturer's specification for load and

Impedance

Audio Output Power

Notes

IF + Audio Frequency Response Test:

Test Description:

receiver audio drops 6 dB from the peak signal response. The frequency-response bandwidth is then calculated by taking the difference between the lower and upper frequency.

Test Results:

IF Filter Use/Unit Mode

CW 500 419 Hz 953 Hz 534 Hz CW WIDE 305 Hz 2242 Hz 1937 Hz USB WIDE 223 Hz 2180 Hz 1957 Hz LSB WIDE 304 Hz 2329 Hz 2025 Hz AM NARROW 547 Hz 3409 Hz 3355 Hz

The purpose of the IF + Audio Frequency Response Test is to measure the audio frequencies at which the

Nominal Bandwidth Hz

Low Freq

(Hz)

High Freq (Hz)

Difference (bandwidth)

Notes

Notes:

Squelch Sensitivity Test:

Test Description:

squelch at the threshold and at the point of maximum squelch. This number is not usually critical. A result anywhere between

0.05 and 0.5 µV is usually useful. The maximum can range to infinity.

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier Mode Threshold Notes

29.0 MHz ON FM 52 MHz ON FM 146 MHz ON FM 440 MHz ON FM

14.2 MHz ON SSB

Notes:

The purpose of the Squelch Sensitivity Test is to determine the level of the input signal required to break

0.06 µV

0.09 µV

0.05 µV

0.04 µV

1.80 µV

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 33

Page 34

S-Meter Test:

Test Description:

S9+20 dB indication on the receiver S meter. This test is performed with the receiver in the CW mode at a frequency of 14.200 MHz. The IF filter is set to 500 Hz, nominal. A traditional S9 signal is a level of 50 uV (an old Collins receiver standard). The Collins standard S unit was 6 dB. This is , however, not a hard and fast rule, especially for LED or bar-graph type S meters.

Test Results:

Frequency Preamplifier S Units

14.2 MHz OFF S9 31.7

14.2 MHz ON S9 14.7 52 MHz OFF S9 28.3 52 MHz ON S9 6.47 146 MHz ON S9 5.77 440 MHz ON S9 4.33

Notes:

The purpose of the S-Meter Test is to determine the level of RF input signal required to produce an S9 and

Notes

Notch Filter Test:

Test Description:

detect and notch a signal.

The more negative the notch depth number, the better the performance.

This test measures the notch filter depth at 1 kHz audio and the time required for auto-notch DSP filters to

Test Results:

Frequency Notch Depth Notes

14.2 MHz 20 dB

Notes:

Other Tests: Temperature Chamber Test Description:

All equipment that would normally be used outdoors are subjected to a function, output power and frequency accuracy test over its specified temperature range. For those units not specified, the unit is operated at -10 and +60 degrees Celsius. These temperatures were chosen to represent typical specifications and typical outdoor use over most of the country.

Duty Cycle Test Description:

Most equipment does not specify a duty cycle. For this reason, most Product Review equipment is not subject to a specific duty cycle test. It is assumed that equipment without a duty-cycle specification is intended for conversational use on CW or SSB. The equipment sees considerable such use during the review process. If equipment does have a duty-cycle specification, such as "continuous," "continuous commercial" or a specific time parameter, the equipment is tested against that specification. If the unit does not pass, this will be treated as a defect that occurred during the review.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-100 Serial: 9D021081

Page 34

YAESU FT-100 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual