Service Manual
Trucks
Group 00
Release 02
Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
20068517
Foreword
The descriptions and service procedures contained in this manual are based on designs
and methods studies carried out up to January 2005.
The products are under continuous development. Vehicles and components produced
after the above date may therefore have different specifications and repair methods.
When this is judged to have a significant bearing on this manual, supplementary service
bulletins will be issued to cover the changes.
The new edition of this manual will update the changes.
In service procedures where the title incorporates an operation number, this is a
reference to V.S.T. (Volvo Standard Times).
Service procedures which do not include an operation number in the title are for general
information and no reference is made to V.S.T.
The following levels of observations, cautions and warnings are used in this Service
Documentation:
Note: Indicates a procedure, practice, or condition that must be followed in order to have
the vehicle or component function in the manner intended.
Caution: Indicates an unsafe practice where damage to the product could occur.
Warning: Indicates an unsafe practice where personal injury or severe damage to the
product could occur.
Danger: Indicates an unsafepractice where serious personal injury or death could occur.
Volvo Truck Corporation
Göteborg, Sweden
Order number: 20068517
© 2005 Volvo Truck Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of Volvo Truck Corporation.
ENG20676
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Disassembly instructions
Contents
“Introduction” page 2
“Volvo and the environment” page 3
“The Volvo environmental policy” page 3
“Legislation, protection and safety regulations” page 3
“Recycling” page 4
“Labelling” page 4
“Hazardous waste” page 4
“Chemicals and fluids” page 5
“Plastics” page 5
“Metals” page 5
“Handling hazardous waste” page 5
“Equipment” page 7
“General recommendations and preparations” page 7
“Emptying of components” page 8
“Disassembly instructions” page 17
1
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Introduction
Volvo’s three core values are quality, safety and respect
for the environment.
Correct handling also reduces costs and makes best use
of the economic value of components and material.
This manual has been prepared as one element of this
respect for the environment, to provide general guidelines
and information for the dismantling of a Volvo truck.
The aim is to give comprehensive information on how
dismantling should take place, whilst leaving a certain
amount of flexibility to permit a workshop to devise its
own methods and procedures for the work of dismantling,
and also to ensure that harmful waste and other material
that could cause harm to people or the environment is
handled in an environmentally correct manner.
This information is of a general nature because this
manual is applicable to different types of truck, which
means that certain details may vary between different
truck models. However the important information still
applies.
For more detailed information and working instructions
refer to the other service information in the respective
groups from 1 to 9.
2
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Volvo and the environment
Respect for the environment is, along with safety and
quality, one of the three Volvo core values.
Taking care of the environment expresses the concern
of the Volvo Group to actively improve its environmental
work and to reduce the effect on the environment of
the products and processes involved in its business
operations.
The Volvo environmental policy
The environmental policy of the Volvo Group is built up
around the following strategies:
Overview
•
The company’s products are placed in a larger
context where efforts are concentrated on reducing
the effects on the environment of the products and
processes in the business at every stage of the life
cycle, from the original ideas to dismantling and waste
handling. Customers, society in general, distributors
and subcontractors are also included in this chain.
Continuous improvement
•
Environmental work shall be integrated and followed
up in all respects to maintain continual improvement.
This is expressed in the Volvo environmental policy, that
shall permetate through, not only vehicle manufacture,
but the whole life cycle of each vehicle, including the
dismantling process and disposal of the remains.
Technical development
•
The requirement for care of the environment shall be
achieved through active research and development
within such areas as transport, legislation and
reduction of the effects on the environment of products,
also aiming to reduce the use of environmentally
harmful material.
Efficient use of resources
•
The whole life cycle shall be taken into account in
respect of products and processes in order to utilise
resources as efficiently as possible and to facilitate
waste handling.
Legislation, protection and safety regulations
All dismantling operations shall take place in accordance
with applicable national legislation and ordinances in the
areas of the environment, health and worker protection.
This includes all work, handling, sorting, transportation,
storage and other treatment of components, chemicals,
filters and other material.
Respect shall be shown for land, surface water and
sewage to avoid their pollution. Harmful substances and
dangerous waste shall be handled and treated in well
ventilated spaces in accordance with legislation and
regulations.
Local safety instructions shall be familiar to and respected
by the staff.
Environmentally harmful waste shall be transported by a
carrier that has been approved by the authorities.
Volvo’s own white, gray and bvlack chemical lists shall
be followed.
The work of dismantling involves contact with many
substances that can pose risks to both the environment
and health. It is therefore necessary to have the right
knowledge, equipment and preparations in order to
minimise these risks and to create the conditions for a
safe job.
T1007905
3
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Recycling
Trucks are manufactured on the premise that as much as
possible of their material can be recycled, and more than
90% of today’s trucks consist of recyclable material.
The easiest material to recycle is metals, but in certain
cases the shape and installation of components can
hinder the recycling process.
During truck development the LCA method (Life Cycle
Analysis) is used to evaluate whether certain proposed
materials should be used or avoided. Some types of
material are completely forbidden within Volvo, whilst
others may be used in only limited quantities.
Labelling
During the work of dismantling plastics, metal, chemicals,
fluids and other material should be sorted and taken care
of in a suitable way in accordance with local legislation
and regulations. Material that is labelled shall be handled
in the prescribed manner. To facilitate the identification
and sorting of various materials Volvo has issued a
number of standards for labelling of material.
Material can be recycled in different ways:
Component recycling
•
Removed components used as second-hand spare
parts, such as engines and gearboxes.
Material recycling
•
Material recycling means that the material is reclaimed
and used again, such as glass recycling.
Energy recovery
•
Energy reclamation means that the stored energy
in waste is utilised. Various kinds of energy can be
extracted by burning detail parts and components.
Disposal by dumping
•
If waste cannot be recycled or reclaimed, disposal by
dumping may be an alternative, i.e. detail parts that
cannot be recycled in any way may be dumped.
Plastics
STD 103-0002 “Material identification and labelling of
plastic articles” is an application of European legislation
concerning the definition of coding standards for
components and material in vehicles in accordance
with the European Parliament and Council Directive
2000/53/EC on end-of life vehicles.
Rubber
Rubber is labelled in accordance with STD 5052,21
“Colour marking of rubber articles”. This standard also
contains regulations for labelling rubber hoses with text.
Hazardous waste
A truck contains a number of different materials and
chemicals that can have a negative effect on the
surrounding environment and on human health, if not
handled properly.
All dismantled products must be dealt with in accordance
with local legislation and regulations.
Metals
Metals are labelled in accordance with STD 5052,11
“Labelling of metallic objects”.
Particular respect shall be shown in the case of contact
with such material, fluids and chemicals.
Refer to the Volvo “Dealer Operating Standard” for more
detailed information.
T1006282
4
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Chemicals and fluids
Fluids and other chemicals that can be found in Volvo
trucks include engine and transmission oils, brake fluid,
lubricating grease, fuel, clutch fluid, coolant, washer fluid,
glycol, sulphuric acid, urea solution and refrigerant.
All chemicals and fluids shall be drained or removed from
the vehicle that is to be scrapped.
Plastics
Plastics can be divided into two groups: thermosetting
plastics and thermoplastic resins.
The fluids from a truck can be reclaimed for either their
material or energy content.
For information concerning oil and fluid volumes refer
to the service information “Lubrication service and oil
changing”, Group 175.
Thermoplastic resins can be recycled by melting them
down.
Thermosetting plastics are in general difficult to recycle
and can only be recycled as filling material or as fuel.
These plastics have a low energy value.
Metals
The use of certain metals leads to their accumulation in
the biosphere, namely many poisonous metals such as
lead and mercury that can be present in batteries, lamps
and electronic equipment. Most of the weight of a truck,
about 90%, consists of the metals iron and steel, but also
present are aluminium, brass, copper, nickel, tin, bronze
and molybdenum in smaller amounts.
Handling hazardous waste
Chemicals and fluids
Oil
•
After draining can be cleaned and re-used, or burned
for energy reclamation.
Make sure that no oil is poured out into drains! This
can cause problems for waste water purifying plants.
Contact the local authority for information.
Ensure that oil is not polluted by other fluids such
as water, coolant or solvents, as polluted oil is much
more difficult and expensive to recycle.
Solvents
•
Solvents can be cleaned and re-used.
Plastics shall only be burned in approved incineration
stations!
Metals are the materials that are normally the easiest to
recycle. Most metals can be recycled but not have their
energy reclaimed.
Iron and steel should be separated from other metals,
such as aluminium, copper and brass.
Coolant
•
Coolant can be recycled.
The fluid is toxic and can contain heavy metals, so
it should never be poured on to the ground, into
drains or watercourses.
Brake fluid
•
Brake fluid can be recycled, or burned for energy
reclamation.
Never pour brake fluid into drains!
Brake fluid should not be polluted if it is to be
recycled, this makes the process much more
expensive.
Nover pour solvents into drains, this is deemed
hazardous waste in most countries.
Neverpour solvents on to the ground as this pollutes
the both the land and its ground water.
Urea solution
•
Urea solution cannot be reused.
Urea solution must not be poured in to drains, it
must be collected in a separate container.
Do not allow urea solution to come into contact
with other chemicals. Spills must be wiped up with
absorbing agent.
Refrigerant
•
Refrigerant can be recycled, but if this is not possible, it
should be taken in hand by a certified refrigerant disposal
company.
Glycol
•
Can be recycled after purification by distillation.
Glue
•
Cannot be recycled. In addition its presence can
reduce the chances of recycling other material.
Washer fluid
•
Can be filtered and re-used.
Sulphuric acid
•
Can be purified and re-used.
5
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Other material
Batteries
•
Truck batteries shall be taken care of by an authorised
waste disposal company. Smaller or other types of
battery contain valuable metals that can be reclaimed
and re-used.
Fluorescent lamps and tubes, components
•
containing mercury and switches.
These components shall be taken care of by an
authorised waste disposal company.
In most countries it is illegal to dump batteries, as
this can cause serious harm to humans and animals.
Lead is highly toxic and accumulates in the body
over time.
Sulphuric acid is extremely corrosive.
Air bags and belt tensioners
•
Air bags and belt tensioners must be dealt with in
accordance with local legislation and regulations.
CAUTION
Air bags and belt tensioners contain explosive
substances and must always be handled with extreme
care. Refer also to Volvo Policy and “Safe Working
Practices för SRS-airbag”.
Oil filters and other filters
•
Filters can be efficiently re-used after draining,
reclaiming the energy from paper and rubber parts,
and recycling clean metal.
Filters contain oil and other harmful substances.
Check local legislation and regulations for handling
these.
Never dump this type of component as rubbish, as
they are dangerous to humans and animals. In most
countries this is illegal.
Gas discharge lamps
•
Gas discharge lamps contain mercury and are
hazardous waste. They must not be dumped as
rubbish. These components shall be taken care
of by an authorised waste disposal company.
Brake discs and drums
•
These parts can be re-used and the metal parts can
be recycled.
In earlier truck models these components may
contain asbestos. Take precautions to minimise
the amount of asbestos dust being spread while
working.
Rubber
•
Can be difficult to reclaim and also may contain
chlorine or fluorine. Mainly in truck tyres, that can be
ground down and re-used as raw material for new
tyres, or burned to reclaim the energy.
Rubber may only be burned in approvedincineration
plants, as the smoke can cause serious air pollution.
Laminated glass
•
The glass can be recycled.
Electrical and electronic waste
•
These components contain valuable and recycleable
components, along with a number of chemicals (PCB,
heavy metals, etc.) with characteristics that are
environmentally harmful. Other parts can be burned to
reclaim energy.
Never dump hazardous electrical and electronic
waste.
Wood products
•
Can be recycled, or burned for energy reclamation.
Paper
•
Paper, cardboard and paperboard should be sorted
and recycled, but burning to reclaim energy is also an
alternative.
Paint
•
Waste paint may be hazardous as many paints contain
hazardous metals such as lead, cadmium, barium and
chrome.
6
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Equipment
Local
Tools
The work of dismantling should be carried out in well
ventilated premises that are equipped in accordance with
health and safety protection and other legislation and
regulations.
Equipment for fire extinguishing, first aid and eye washing
should be accessible in the premises!
Protective equipment
At various times during dismantling personal protective
equipment is to be used when necessary. This includes
protective clothing and footwear,safety goggles, gloves,
ear defenders, helmets and face masks.
It is important that the work of dismantling is carried out
using suitable tools from both the environmental and
worker safety aspects. Volvo therefore recommends that
dismantling workshops invest in this type of equipment.
Among the tools that could be highly suitable for
dismantling are: equipment for draining refrigerant,cutting
torches, welding or similar equipment, lifting gear, stands,
crowbars, adjustable wrenches, hammers and nut drivers.
T1006290
T1006289
General recommendations and preparations
It can be good to bear the following recommendations
in mind when dismantling:
Assess first which parts of the ruck can be recycled
•
or reclaimed, and use this as a starting point when
determining the dismantling procedure.
Before dismantling begins the pressure in the SCR
•
system must be released and the urea solution
emptied out. This process begins automatically when
the engine is switched off. Wait 2 minutes after
switching off the engine before commencing any work
on the vehicle.
Note: If the electrical power is switched off or interrupted
in any other way before the emptying procedure is
completed, for example with the ADR, main circuit breaker
or by removing a battery pole cable, the SCR system will
not be emptied and may continue to retain pressure!
Urea is highly corrosive to metal and can damage
•
electrical connectors. If urea solution comes into
contact with disconnected electrical connectors, the
urea solution spreads rapidly through the wiring and
oxidises the metal.
Before commencing dismantling, switch off the electric
•
current and disconnect the batteries. Then begin by
removing the SRS system.
Release the pressure in a controlled way!
•
Drive the air suspension as low as possible before
commencing dismantling!
Note that it is very important to separate and sort
•
the various fluids, plastics and metals throughout the
entire process.
If the vehicle is very dirty it should first be washed.
•
Lift off any additional superstructure before
•
commencing dismantling of the truck.
Empty loose parts out of the cab before starting to
•
dismantle.
Put removed items out of the way while the work is
•
going on, so that they do not get in the way and pose a
risk to the work.
As cables and material is released or dismantled,
these should be cleared away and sorted.
When removing pressure hoses, note that there is a
•
risk that they may still be pressurised. Do not release
the whole hose at once, first loosen it carefully and let
any oil or air it may contain leak out first. Then release
the whole hose.
7
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Emptying of components
Components should be emptied as much as possible
before dismantling commences.
Some drain locations may become easier to access later
during the work.
See below for the components that are involved, although
these are not in any particular order.
For more detailed information and working instructions
refer to the other service information in the respective
groups from 1 to 9.
Fluids and chemicals shall be handled, separated and
stored in a suitable way and in accordance with local
legislation and regulations.
Engine, oil and filters
Drain the engine oil through the drain plug (A).
Remove the engine filters; the full flow filter (B) and
bypass filter (C).
WARNING
Be careful! Use protective goggles, gloves and face
masks where necessary.
Manual gearbox, oil and filter
Drain and empty the gearbox oil through the drain plug
(C).
Unscrew the oil filter housing and remove the seal and
oil filter.
T1007362
T1006756
T1006780
8
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Gearbox with compact retarder, oil filter
Remove the oil filter (H) from the oil filter housing. Cover
(D), gasket (E), adapter (F) and stay tube (G).
ZF gearbox, oil
Topping-up and drain plugs (1 and 2).
T1006939
Automatic gearbox, oil and filter
Drain the oil by removing the oil sump drain plug (B), and
unscrew the oil filters (A).
Final drive, oil
Topping-up and drain plugs (A) and (B).
C1000039
T1006796
T1007372
9
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Final drive with hub reduction, oil
Topping-up and drain plugs (A and B).
The oil in the hub shall be drained separately.
Drain plug (1).
T1007372
Retarder, oil
Drain plug (D), topping-up plug (A), vent plug (E).
Transfer gearbox, oil
Drain plug (C), topping-up plug (B), level plug (A).
T1007412
T0008610
10
T1007656
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Power take-off, oil draining and filter removal
Drain plug (B), level/topping-up plug (A).
Water separator, filter
Remove the filter.
T1007654
Driven front axle, oil
Front axle wheel gears. Drain plug (A), level/topping-up
plug (B).
Front axle differential carrier. Drain plug (B).
T2019100
T1007659
T4017902
11
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Urea tank
Remove the filler cap from the urea tank. Remove the
drain plug. Empty the urea tank.
Note: If urea solution comes into contact with
disconnected electrical connectors, the urea solution
spreads rapidly through the wiring and oxidises the metal,
which can damage the connectors and cabling.
Urea filter
Remove the drain plug and drain the filter housing.
Remove the urea filter (A) from the pump unit.
Note: If urea solution comes into contact with
disconnected electrical connectors, the urea solution
spreads rapidly through the wiring and oxidises the metal,
which can damage the connectors and cabling.
T2023070
Fuel tank
Empty the tank by removing the drain plug.
T1008641
T2017418
12
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Fuel filter
Remove the fuel filter.
Fuel tank ventilation filter
T2021550
Remove the filter.
T1006941
13
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Air cleaner filter element
Remove the filter.
T2006750
T2006751
Coolant
Empty the coolant tank by removing the drain plug.
Coolant filter
Remove the coolant filter.
T0008145
14
T2007230
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Air drier, drying compound
Take the dring element out of the air drier.
Air conditioning unit, filter and emptying refrigerant tank and air conditioning water.
T5008850
Note: Refrigerant is classified as environmentally
hazardous material and shall be dealt with by certified
personnel in accordance with local legislation and
regulations.
Empty the refrigerant out of the air conditioning system.
Remove the air conditioner filter.
T1007376
T1007375
15
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Clutch fluid
Empty the clutch fluid by removing the drain plug.
Cab tilt pump, oil
Drain the oil.
T1008225
Pneumatic system, emptying
Carefully release the compressed air.
Washer fluid
Empty the washer fluid out of the washer tank.
T8010177
T7006867
16
T1007366
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Disassembly instructions
The following instructions do not describe dismantling in
detail, but outline the procedures, to permit flexibility and
self-determined working routines.
For more detailed information and working instructions
refer to the other service information in the respective
groups from 1 to 9.
The information is general, so that it can be applied to
different truck models.
Switch the main power switch off and disconnect the batteries.
Ensure that the ignition has been switched off for at least two minutes before removing the electrical supply, so that the
SCR system has time to empty out the urea solution and release its pressure.
Note: Batteries are classified as environmentally
hazardous material and require special handling in
accordance with applicable legislation and regulations.
T3017783
Dismantling the SRS system.
Carefully follow the dismantling instructions in service information Group 8.
Control unit (1), air bag module (2), slip ring (3) and belt tensioner (4).
Emptying of components is described above and not
repeated here.
T3017758
T8008552
WARNING
Confirm that there is no current in the vehicle before
commencing work on the SRS system.
SRS components shall be handled and stored in
accordance with local legislation and regulations.
DANGER
Certain parts of the SRS contain explosives.
Explosives can cause personal injury or death if
handled incorrectly.
DANGER
Both heat and electrical current can damage the
control unit. Open flames are an accident risk as they
can cause air bags or belt tensioners to trigger.
17
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Clear the exterior of the cab of plastics and sheet
•
metal detail parts.
Remove the front hatches, detach and remove
cabling, hoses and other such material.
Remove the underbody protection, bumpers and
•
plastic detail parts from the front and side of the
cab.
T7009910
T8010453
T8010454
18
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Lift off the cab using lifting equipment.
•
Remove all internal detail parts from the cab.
•
The windscreen, side glass, instruments, internal
fittings and other components such as fans and air
conditioning equipment.
T8010451
Then cut or shear the remaining parts of the cab into smaller pieces for scrapping.
T8010455
T8010452
19
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove the washer fluid tank, lighting housings,
•
cab tipping pump and electrical motor, and such
nearby components as the parking heater and
water pump.
T8010456
20
T8010457
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove the fuel tank using lifting equipment.
•
Clean the area.
On vehicles with an SCR system, lift out the
•
urea tank (1) and remove the other SCR system
components, namely the pump module (2), dosing
unit (3), silencer (4), hoses, lines and pipes.
T2022092
Note: If urea solution comes into contact with
disconnected electrical connectors, the urea solution
spreads rapidly through the wiring and oxidises the metal,
which can damage the connectors and cabling.
T2022985
21
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove the silencer, lower air intake and air
•
cleaner along with the associated hoses and
piping.
Remove the battery box and all air tanks from the
chassis, clean all round the chassis.
T2022094
T3018037
22
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove the coolant tank and lift off the complete
•
coolant system with its various components and
detail parts with lifting equipment.
T2022091
23
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove the cab tilt cylinder with its associated
•
detail parts.
Take off the rocker cover and clean the components
•
and detail parts around the engine.
T8010458
24
T2022093
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove the clutch cylinder and other components
•
and detail parts around the gearbox.
T4020999
Lift out the gearbox and where applicable the
•
retarder, using lifting equipment.
Then detach the retarder from the gearbox.
Remove the servo pump.
T4021000
25
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Lift out the engine using lifting equipment.
•
Then remove the mounted components such as
the alternator, air conditioning pump, fan and
starter motor.
Removethe air drier,steering gear and surrounding
•
pipes, hoses and components.
T5014148
T2022097
T6009539
26
Group 00 Dismantling manual for Volvo Trucks
Remove all detail parts from the chassis frame.
After this the chassis frame should be clean and ready to be cut into pieces.
Put the chassis on stands and cut it into suitable size pieces for disposal.
WARNING
Support the chassis by sections! Otherwise there is a
risk of serious personal injury!
Remove the brake actuators or cylinders and other
•
detail parts around the tyres. Be careful!
T5014149
Separate the wheels from the axles and the tyres
•
from their rims.
Remove the tyres, drive axles, differential lock,
gears, shafts and crown wheel.
T4011554
T4021001
If necessary, cut up or divide the remaining parts of the chassis frame and dismantled parts into smaller
pieces for scrapping.
Sort out the tyres, wires, metal and plastic detail parts.
27
Feedback
One of our objectives is that workshop personnel should have access to correct and
appropriate service manuals where it concerns fault tracing, repairs and maintenance
of Volvo vehicles.
In order to maintain the high standards of our literature, your opinions and experience
when using this manual would be greatly appreciated.
If you have any comments or suggestions, make a copy of this page, write down your
comments and send them to us, either via telefax or mailing directly to the address
listed below.
To
To
Volvo Parts Corporation
Dept. Technical Support Service 31820
S-405 08 GÖTEBORG
Fax: +46 31 661060
Comments/proposals
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Concerns Service Manual: ...........................................................................................................................
20068517 English 0000.4.06
Volvo Truck Corporation
Göteborg, Sweden
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