Volvo C70 1998 Owner Manual

1998 Volvo C70

This manual deals with the operation and care of your Volvo.

Welcome to the world-wide family of Volvo owners. We trust that you will enjoy many years of safe driving in your Volvo, an automobile designed with your safety and comfort in mind. To help ensure your satisfaction with this vehicle, we encourage you to familiarize yourself with the equipment descriptions, operating instructions and maintenance requirements/recommendations in this manual. We also urge you and your passengers to wear seat belts at all times in this (or any other) automobile. And, of course, please do not operate a vehicle if you may be affected by alcohol, medication or any impairment that could hinder your ability to drive.

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1998 Volvo C70

Your Volvo is designed to meet all applicable safety and emission standards, as evidenced by the certification labels attached to the driver's door opening and on the left wheel housing in the engine compartment.

Volvo and the environment

Volvo is committed to the well being of our customers. As a natural part of this commitment, we care about the environment in which we all live. Caring for the environment means an everyday involvement in reducing our environmental impact.

Volvo's environmental activities are based on a holistic view, which means we consider the overall environmental impact of a product throughout its complete life cycle. In this context, design, production, product use, and recycling are all important considerations.

In production, Volvo has partly or completely phased out several chemicals including freons, lead chromates, naphtanates, asbestos, mercury and cadmium; and reduced the amount of chemicals used in our plants 50% since 1991.

In use, Volvo was the first in the world to introduce into production a three-way catalytic converter with a Lambda sond, now called oxygen sensor, in 1976. The current version of this highly efficient system reduces emissions of harmful substances (CO, HC, NOx) from the exhaust pipe by approximately 95% and the search to eliminate the remaining emissions continues. Volvo is the only automobile manufacturer to offer CFC-free retrofit kits for the air conditioning system for all models back to the M/ Y 1975 240. Advanced electronic engine controls, refined purification systems and cleaner fuels are bringing us closer to our goal.

After Volvo cars and parts have fulfilled their use, recycling is the next critical step in completing the life cycle. The metal content is about 75% of the total weight of the car, which makes the car among the most recycled industrial products. In order to have efficient and well controlled recycling, many Volvo variants have printed dismantling manuals indication the weight and material of individual components. For Volvo, all homogeneous plastic parts weighing more than 1.7 oz. (50 grams)are marked with international symbols that indicate how the component is to be sorted for recycling.

In addition to continuous environmental refinement of conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engines, Volvo is actively looking at advanced technology alternative-fuel vehicles.

When you drive a Volvo, you become our partner in the work to lessen the car's impact on the environment. To reduce your vehicle's environmental impact, you can:

● Maintain proper air pressure in your tires. Tests have shown decreased fuel economy with

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improperly inflated tires

● Follow the recommended maintenance schedule

● Drive at a constant speed

● See an authorized Volvo retailer as soon as possible for inspection if the check engine

(malfunction indicator) lamp illuminates, or stays on after the vehicle has started

● Properly dispose of any vehicle related waste such as used motor oil, used batteries, brake pads,

etc.

● When cleaning your car, use Volvo's own car care products, all of which have systematically

been adapted to the environment.

Contents

Important

Before you operate your car for the first time, please familiarize yourself with the

BREAK-IN information on page 56. You should also be familiar with the information in the first three

chapters of this manual. Information contained in the balance of the manual is extremely useful and should be studied after operating the vehicle for the first time. This manual is structured so that it can be used for reference. It should thus be kept in the car for ready access. Do not export your Volvo to another country before investigating the country's applicable safety and exhaust emission requirements. In some cases it may be difficult or impossible to comply with these requirements. Modifications to the emission control system(s) may render your Volvo not certifiable for legal operation in the U.S., Canada or other countries.

All information, illustrations and specifications contained in this manual are based on the latest product information available at the time of publication. Volvo reserves the right to make model changes at any time, or to change specifications or design, without notice and without incurring obligation.

CAUTION: Certain models have reduced ground clearance due to the design of the front spoiler. Please observe caution when e.g., driving onto garage hoists, through drifted snow or when other road debris is encountered, or when parking near curbs

Contents

Chapter 1 - Occupant safety 1

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Chapter 2 - Instruments, switches and controls 15

Chapter 3 - Body and interior 39

Chapter 4 - Starting and driving 55

Chapter 5 - Wheels and tires 75

Chapter 6 - In case of an emergency 81

Chapter 7 - Car care 99 Chapter 8 - Volvo Service 105 Chapter 9 - Specifications 123

Chapter 10 - Audio systems 131

Index 188

Top of Page

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Chapter 1 - Occupant safety

pg. 1 Occupant safety

Occupant safety

Despite our strongest recommendations, and your best intentions, not wearing a seat belt is like believing "It'll never happen to me!". Volvo urges you and all adult occupants of your car to wear seat belts and ensure that children are properly restrained, using an infant, car or booster seat determined by age, weight and height. Fact: In every state and province, some type of child-restraint legislation has been passed. Additionally, most states and provinces have already made it mandatory for occupants of a car to use seat belts. So, urging you to "buckle up" is not just our recommendation - legislation in your state or province may mandate seat belt usage. The few seconds it takes to buckle up may one day allow you to say, "It's a good thing I was wearing my seat belt".

Seat belts 2

Volvo SRS 4

Side Impact Protection System - (SIPS) air

bag

Child safety 9

Occupant safety 12

Reporting Safety Defects 12

pg. 2 Seat belts

Seat belts

Always fasten the seat belts before you drive or ride.

Two lights above the rear view mirror will be illuminated for 4-8 seconds after the starting (ignition) key is turned to the driving position. A chime will sound at the same time if the driver has not fastened his seat belt. The rear seats are provided with self-retracting inertia reel belts. The front seats are provided with single roller belts with tensioners.

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Adjusting the shoulder belt

Lap portion of the seat belt should sit low

To buckle: Pull the belt out far enough to insert the latch plate into the receptacle (buckle for rear seats) until a distinct snapping sound is heard. The seat belt retractor is normally "unlocked" and you can move freely, provided that the shoulder belt is not pulled out too far. The retractor will lock up as follows:

● if the belt is pulled out rapidly

● during braking and acceleration

● if the vehicle is leaning excessively

● when driving in turns

For the seat belt to provide maximum protection in the event of an accident, it must be worn correctly. When wearing the seat belt remember:

● The belt should not be twisted or turned.

● The lap belt must be positioned low on the hips (not pressing against the abdomen).

● The shoulder section of the front seat belts adjusts automatically to the driver's height.

Make sure that the shoulder belt is rolled up into its retractor and that the shoulder and lap belts are taut. Before exiting the car, check that the seat belt retracts fully after being unbuckled. If necessary, guide the belt back into the retractor slot.

NOTE: Legislation in your state or province may mandate seat belt usage.

For information on securing child seats, please refer to page 11.

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WARNING!

● Any device used to induce slack into the shoulder belt portion of the three-point belt system will

have a detrimental effect on the amount of protection available to you in the event of a collision. The seat back should not be tilted too far back. The shoulder belt must be taut in order to function properly.

● Do not use child safety seats or child booster cushions/backrests in the front passenger's seat. We

also recommend that children who have outgrown these devices sit in the rear with the seat belt properly fastened.

● The rear seat of the Volvo C70 is intended for two occupants only. Only two three-point seat belts

are provided. The center position should never be used to seat a passenger.

pg. 3 Seat belts

During pregnancy

Pregnant women should always wear seat belts. Remember that the belt should always be positioned in such a way as to avoid any possible pressure on the abdomen. The lap portion of the belt should be located low, as shown in the above illustration.

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WARNING!

● The rear seat of the Volvo C70 is intended for two occupants only. Only two three-point seat belts

are provided. The center position should never be used to seat a passenger.

● Never use a seat belt for more than one occupant.

● Never wear the shoulder portion of the belt under the arm, behind the back or otherwise out of

position. Such use could cause injury in event of accident.

● As the seat belts lose much of their strength when exposed to violent stretching, they should be

replaced after any collision, even if they may appear to be undamaged.

● Never repair the belt on your own; have this done by an authorized Volvo retailer only.

● Any device used to induce slack into the shoulder belt portion of the three-point belt system will

have a detrimental effect on the amount of protection available to you in the event of a collision.

● The seat back should not be tilted too far back. The shoulder belt must be taut in order to function

properly.

Contents | Top of Page

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pg. 4 Volvo SRS

Passenger side SRS hatch

As an enhancement to the three-point seat belt system, your Volvo is equipped with a Supplemental Restraint System (SRS). The Volvo SRS consists of an airbag (2) and knee bolster (5) on both the driver's and passenger's sides and seat belt tensioners in both front door pillars (4). The system is designed to supplement the protection provided by the three-point seat belt system.

The SRS system is indicated by the "SRS" embossed on the steering wheel pad and above the glove compartment, the knee bolsters beneath the steering column and the glove compartment and decals on both sun visors and on the far right side of the dash.

The airbags are folded and located in the center of the steering wheel and above the glove compartment. They are designed to deploy during certain frontal-angular collisions, impacts, or decelerations, depending on the crash severity, angle, speed and object impacted. The airbags may also deploy in certain non-frontal collisions where rapid deceleration occurs. Both airbags and seat belt tensioners will deploy, even if the passenger seat is not occupied.

WARNING! As its name implies, SRS is designed to be a SUPPLEMENT to - not a replacement for

- the three-point belt system. For maximum protection, wear seat belts at all times. Be aware that no system can prevent all possible injuries that may occur in an accident.

The airbag system includes gas generators (1) surrounded by the airbags (2) and front seat belt

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tensioners for both of the front seats (4). To deploy the system, the sensor (3) activates the gas generators causing the airbags to be inflated with nitrogen gas. As the movement of the seat's occupants compresses the airbags, some of the gas is expelled at a controlled rate to provide better cushioning. Both seat belt tensioners also deploy, minimizing any seat belt slack.

The entire process, including inflation and deflation of the airbags, takes approximately two-tenths of a second.

WARNING! When installing any optional equipment, make sure that the SRS system is not damaged. Do not attempt to service any component of the SRS yourself. Attempting to do so may result in serious personal injury. If a problem arises, take your car to the nearest authorized Volvo retailer for inspection as soon as possible.

pg. 5 Volvo SRS

A self-diagnostic system incorporated in the sensor monitors the SRS. This system does not, however, monitor the SIPS airbags. If a fault is detected, the "SRS" warning light will illuminate. The light is included in the warning/indicator light cluster in the instrument panel. Normally, the SRS warning lamp should light up when the ignition is switched on and should go out after 10 seconds or when the engine is started. Check that this light is functioning properly every time the car is started.

The following items are monitored by all the self-diagnostic system:

● Sensor unit

● Cable harness

● Gas generator ignitors

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WARNING! Never drive an SRS equipped car with your hands on the steering wheel pad/airbag housing. No objects, accessory equipment or stickers may be placed on, attached to or installed near the SRS cover in the center of the steering wheel, the SRS cover above the glove compartment or the area affected by the airbag deployment. If the SRS warning light stays on after the engine has started or if it comes on while you are driving, drive the car to the nearest authorized Volvo retailer for inspection as soon as possible.

The above is a sample of the label found on all seat belts equipped with tensioners, located on the front

seat belts near the lower anchorage point.

The above is a sample of the decal which can be found on the driver's door pillar.

There is no maintenance to perform on the SRS yourself. The only periodic maintenance recommended on the SRS is that the air bag modules and front seat belts (including tensioners) should be replaced approximately every ten years and that the other components in the system (wiring, connectors, etc.) should also be inspected at this time. The SRS decal on your car shows the month and year servicing is due. This service must be performed by an authorized Volvo retailer.

Should you have any questions about the SRS system, please contact your authorized Volvo retailer or Volvo Customer Support:

pg. 6 Volvo SRS (cont.)

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SRS text at far right of instrument panel

Passenger side air bag

SRS texts on inside of both sun visors

SRS texts on outside of both sun visors

WARNING! Do not use child safety seats or child boosters cushions/backrests in the front passenger's seat. We also recommend that children who have outgrown these devices sit in the rear seat with the seat belt properly fastened.

NOTE: Deployment of SRS components occurs only one time during an accident. In a collision where deployment occurs, the air bags and seat belt tensioners activate. Some noise occurs and a small amount of powder is released. The release of the powder may appear as smoke-like matter. This is a normal characteristic and does not indicate fire.

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WARNING!

● Children must never be allowed in the front passenger seat. Volvo recommends that ALL

occupants (adults and children) shorter than four feet seven inches (140 cm) be seated in the back seat of the vehicle with a front passenger side airbag. See page 10 for guidelines.

● Occupants in the front passenger's seat must never sit on the edge of the seat, sit leaning toward the

instrument panel or otherwise sit out of position. The occupant's back must be as upright as comfort allows and be against the seat back with the seat belt properly fastened.

● Feet must be on the floor, e.g. not on the dash, seat or out of the window.

● No objects or accessory equipment, e.g. dash covers, may be placed on, attached to or installed

near the SRS hatch (the area above the glove compartment) or the area affected by airbag deployment (see illustration).

● There should be no loose articles, e.g. coffee cups, on the floor, seat or dash area.

● Never try to open the SRS cover on the steering wheel or the passenger side SRS hatch. This

should only be done by an authorized Volvo service technician.

● Failure to follow these instructions can result in injury to the vehicle occupants in an accident.

pg. 7 Volvo SRS (cont.)

NOTE: The information on this page does not pertain to the Side Impact protection System airbags.

When are the airbags deployed?

The SRS system is designed to deploy during certain frontal or front-angular collisions, impacts, or decelerations, depending in the crash severity, angle, speed, and object impacted. The SRS sensor is designed to react to both the impact of the collision and the inertial forces generated by it and to determine if the intensity of the collision is sufficient for the airbags to be deployed.

WARNING! The SRS is designed to help prevent serious injury. Deployment occurs very quickly and with considerable force. During normal deployment and depending on variables such as seating position, one may experience abrasions, bruises, swellings, or other injuries as a result of airbag(s) deployment.

If the airbags have been deployed, we recommend the following:

● Have the car towed to an authorized Volvo retailer. Never drive with the airbags deployed.

● Have an authorized Volvo retailer replace the SRS system components.

● Use only new, Genuine Volvo Parts when replacing SRS components (airbags, seat belts, tensioners,

etc.)

When are the airbags NOT deployed?

Not all frontal collisions activate the SRS system. If the collision involves a non-rigid object (e.g., a snow drift or bush), or a rigid, fixed object at a low speed, the SRS system will not necessarily deploy.

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Airbags do not normally deploy in a side impact collision, in a collision from the rear or in a rollover situation. The amount of damage to the bodywork does not reliably indicate if the airbags should have deployed or not.

Seat belts - the heart of the Volvo safety system

The heart of the Volvo safety system is the three-point seat belt (a Volvo invention)! In order for the SRS system to provide the protection intended, seat belts must be worn at all times by everyone in the car.

The SRS system is a supplement to the seat belts.

WARNING! If your car has been subjected to flood conditions (e.g. soaked carpeting/standing water

on the floor of the vehicle) or if your car has become flood-damaged in any way, do not attempt to start the vehicle or put the key in the ignition before disconnecting the battery (see below). This may cause airbag deployment which could result in personal injury. Have the car towed to an authorized Volvo retailer for repairs. Automatic transmission only: Before attempting to tow the car, use the following procedure to override the shiftlock system to move the gear selector to the neutral position.

● Disconnect the battery

● Wait at least one minute

● Insert the key in the ignition and turn it to position 1

● Press firmly on the shiftlock override button (located near the base of the gear selector).

● While holding the override button down, move the gear selector from the park position.

WARNING! Never drive with the airbags deployed. The fact that they hang out can impair the steering of your car. Other safety systems can also be damaged. The smoke and dust formed when the airbags are deployed can cause skin and eye irritation in the event of prolonged exposure.

Contents | Top of Page

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pg. 8 Volvo Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) airbag

SIPS airbag decal *

SIPS airbag

As an enhancement to the structural Side Impact Protection System built into your car, your car is also equipped with Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) airbags. The SIPS airbag system consists of airbag modules built into the sides of both front seat backrests (1), cables (2) from these modules to the mechanical sensor units (3) and gas generators (4). The SIPS airbag system is designed to help increase occupant protection in the event of certain side impact collisions. The SIPS airbags are designed to deploy only during certain side-impact collisions, depending on the crash severity, angle, speed, and point of impact. The airbags are not designed to deploy in all side impact situations.

WARNING!

● The SIPS airbag system is a supplement to the Side Impact Protection System and the three-point

seat belt system. It is not designed to deploy during collisions from the front or rear of the car or in rollover situations.

● The use of seat covers on the front seats may impede SIPS airbag deployment.

● No objects, accessory equipment or stickers may be placed on, attached to or installed near the

SIPS airbag system or in the area affected by SIPS airbag deployment (see illustration to the right above).

● Never try to open or repair any components of the SIPS airbag system. This should only be done

by an authorized Volvo service technician.

● For best protection from the SIPS airbag system, both front seat occupants should sit in an upright

position with the seat belt properly fastened.

NOTE: SIPS airbag deployment (one airbag) occurs only on the side of the vehicle affected by the impact.

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1 - Airbag, 2 - cable, 3 - sensor unit, 4 - gas generator

WARNING!

● Never drive with the airbags deployed. The fact that they hang out can impair the steering of your

car. Other safety systems can also be damaged. The smoke and dust formed when the airbags are deployed can cause skin and eye irritation in the event of prolonged exposure.

● If your car has been subjected to flood conditions (e.g. soaked carpeting/standing water on the floor

of the vehicle) or if your car has become flood-damaged in any way, do not attempt to start the vehicle or put the key in the ignition before disconnecting the battery. This may cause airbag deployment which could result in personal injury. Have the car towed to an authorized Volvo retailer for repairs.

pg. 9 Child safety

Child Restraint Anchorages

Volvo cars can be fitted with Child Restraint Top Tether Anchorages in the rear seat. There are two pre-drilled anchorage points in the rear window shelf.

In cars designed for Canada, one top tether anchorage set will be in the glove box.

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Installing the top tether

The pre-drilled holes for the child restraint anchorages are located in the rear window shelf. Refer to the child seat manufacturer's instructions for securing the seat.

WARNING! Child Restraint Anchorages are designed to withstand only those loads imposed by correctly fitted Child Restraints. Under no circumstances are they to be used for adult seat belts or harnesses. The anchorages are not able to withstand excessive forces on them in the event of collision if full harness seat belts or adult seat belts are installed to them. An adult who uses a belt anchored in a Child Restraint Anchorage runs a great risk of suffering severe injuries should a collision occur. Do not install rear speakers which would require the removal of the top tether anchors or interfere with the proper use of the top tether strap.

pg. 10 Child safety (cont.)

Keeping child seats in place (ALR/ELR*)

To make child seat installation easier, each seat belt (except for the driver's belt) is equipped with a locking mechanism to help keep the seat belt taut. When attaching the seat belt to a child seat:

● Attach the seat belt to the child seat according to the child seat manufacturer's instructions.

● Pull the seat belt out as far as possible.

● Insert the seat belt latch plate into the buckle (lock) in the usual way.

● Release the seat belt and pull it taut around the child seat.

A sound from the seat belt retractor will be audible at this time and is normal. The belt will now be locked in place.

This function is automatically disabled when the seat belt is unlocked and the belt is fully retracted.

* Automatic Locking Retractor/Emergency Locking Retractor

Important!

Why Volvo believes no child should sit in the front seat of a car.

It's quite simple really. A front air bag is a very powerful device designed, by law, to help protect an adult. Because of the size of the air bag and its speed of inflation, a child should never be placed in the front seat, even if he or she is properly belted or strapped into a child safety seat. Volvo has been an innovator in safety for over fifty years, and we'll continue to do our part. But we need your help. Please remember to put your children in the back seat, and buckle them up.

Volvo has some very specific recommendations:

● Always wear your seat belt.

● Air bags are a SUPPLEMENTAL safety device which when used in conjunction with a three-point

seat belt can help reduce serious injuries during certain types of severe accidents. Please do not

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disconnect the air bag system in your vehicle.

● Volvo strongly recommends that ALL children sit in the rear seat of any vehicle and that they be

properly restrained.

● A child should NEVER sit in the front passenger seat of any vehicle equipped with a front passenger

side airbag.

● Volvo recommends that ALL occupants (adults and children) shorter than four feet seven inches (140

cm) be seated in the back seat of any vehicle with a front passenger side airbag. Drive safely!

pg. 11 Child safety (cont.)

Child safety

Volvo recommends the proper use of restraint systems for all occupants including children. Remember that, regardless of age and size, a child should always be properly restrained in a car.

Restraint systems for children are designed to be secured in the vehicle by lap belts or the lap portion of a lap-shoulder belt. Such child restraint systems can help protect children in cars in the event of an accident only if they are used properly. However, children could be endangered in d crash if the child restraints are not properly secured in the vehicle. Failure to follow the installation instructions for your child restraint can result in your child striking the vehicle's interior in a sudden stop.

Holding a child in your arms is NOT a suitable substitute for a child restraint system. In an accident, a child held in a person's arms can be crushed between the vehicle's interior and an unrestrained person. The child could also be injured by striking the interior, or by being ejected from the vehicle during a sudden maneuver or impact. The same can also happen if the infant or child rides unrestrained on the seat. Other occupants should also be properly restrained to help reduce the chance of injuring or increasing the injury of a child.

All states and provinces have legislation governing how and where children should be carried in a car. Find out the regulations existing in your state or province. Recent accident statistics have shown that children are safer in rear seating positions than front seating positions when properly restrained. A child restraint system can help protect a child in a vehicle. Here's what to look for when selecting a child restraint system:

● It should have a label certifying that it meets applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

(FMVSS 213-80) - or in Canada, CMVSS 213.

● Make sure the child restraint system is approved for the child's height, weight and development - the

label required by the standard or regulation, or instructions for infant restraints, typically provide this information.

● In using any child restraint system, we urge you to look carefully over the instructions that are

provided with the restraint. Be sure you understand them and can use the device properly and safely in this vehicle. A misused child restraint system can result in increased injuries for both the infant or child and other occupants in the vehicle.

● If your child restraint requires a top tether strap, consult your authorized Volvo retailer for top tether

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anchorage and installation information. When a child has outgrown the child safety seat, you should use the rear seat with the standard seat belt

fastened. The best way to help protect the child here is to place the child on a cushion so that the seat belt is properly located on the hips (see page 10 ).

A specially designed and tested booster cushion (not available in Canada ) for children between 22.7 36 kg (50 - 80 lbs) and 117- 137 cm (46 - 54") can be obtained from your Volvo retailer.

WARNING! Do not use child safety seats or child booster cushions/backrests in the front passenger's seat. We also recommend that children who have outgrown these devices sit in the rear seat with the seat belt properly fastened.

pg. 12 Occupant Safety

Seat belt maintenance

Check periodically that the anchor bolts are secure and that the belts are in good condition. Use water and a mild detergent for cleaning. Check seat belt mechanism function as follows: Attach the seat belt and pull rapidly on the strap.

Volvo Concern for Safety

Safety is the cornerstone for Volvo. Our concern dates back to 1927 when the first Volvo rolled off the production line. Three-point seat belts (a Volvo invention), safety cages, and energy-absorbing impact zones were designed into Volvo cars long before it was fashionable or required by government regulation. We will not compromise our commitment to safety. We continue to seek out new safety features and to refine those already in our cars. You can help. We would appreciate hearing your suggestions about improving automobile safety. We also want to know if you ever have a safety concern with your car. Call us in the U.S. at: 800-458-1552 or in Canada at: 800-663-8255.

Occupant safety

How safely you drive doesn't depend on how old you are but rather on:

● how well you see

● your ability to concentrate

● how quickly you make decisions under stress to avoid an accident.

The tips listed below are suggestions to help you cope with the ever changing traffic environment.

● Never drink and driver.

● If you are taking any medication, consult your physician about its potential effects on your driving

abilities.

● Take a driver-retaining course

● Have your eyes checked regularly

● Keep your windshield and headlamps clean.

● Replace wiper blades when they start to leave streaks.

● Take into account the traffic, road, and water conditions, particularly with regard to stopping distance.

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Reporting Safety Defects in the U.S. If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause injury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying Volvo Cars of North America. If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation, and if it finds that a safety defect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in individual problems between you, your retailer, or Volvo Cars of North America. To contact NHTSA, you may either call the Auto Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-800-424-9393 (or 366-0123 in Washington, D.C. area) or write to: NHSTA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington D.C. 20590. You can also obtain other information about motor vehicle safety from the Hotline.

Contents | Top of Page

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Chapter 2 - Instruments, switches and controls

pg. 14 Instruments, switches and controls

Click on numbered item below for more information

pg. 15 Instruments, switches and controls

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Page

Air vents

Headlights, parking lights

Instrument illumination

Rear fog light

Front fog lights (optional)

6 Space for additional equipment 7 Space for additional equipment 8 Instruments

14-15

Traction control system (optional)

Trip computer (optional)

26-28

Electrically operated sun roof (optional)

Rear window demister/heated door mirrors

Air mix

Air vents

Passenger side air bag (SRS) hatch

4-6

Air vents

Hood release

Turn signals, high/low beams

Cruise control

Adjustable steering wheel

Windshield wiper/washer

Heated front seats (optional)

Auxiliary socket

Audio systems

131

Heating and ventilation controls

33-35

Hazard warning flashers

Ashtray

27 Coin holder 28

Shiftlock release button (automatic transmission only)

Gear selector shift positions

60-62

Transmission mode selectors

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31 Parking brake

Horn/SRS

4-6

Trunk open control

Power window controls

Power mirror controls

Fuel tank open control

Central locking button

Some of the items above are available on certain models only.

Shiftlock (automatic transmission only)

When your car is parked, the gear selector is locked in the (P)ark position. To release the selector from this position, turn the ignition key to position II (or start the engine), depress the brake pedal, press the button on the front side of the gear selector and move the selector from (P)ark. If it is necessary to manually override the shiftlock system:

● Turn the starting (ignition) key to position I

● Press firmly on the "SHIFTLOCK OVERRIDE" button located near the base of the gear selector.

● While holding the override button down, press the button on the front of the gear selector.

● Move the gear selector from the (P)ark position.

Keylock (automatic transmission only)

This means that when you switch off the ignition, the gear selector must be in the (P)ark position before the starting (ignition) key can be removed from the ignition switch.

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)

The ABS system in your car performs a self-diagnostic test when the vehicle first reaches the speed of approximately 12 mph (20 km/h). The brake pedal will pulsate several times and a sound may be audible from the ABS control module. This is normal.

Fuel tank cover

The fuel tank cover is locked and must be popped open using the control on the driver's door. The pages in this section provide detailed descriptions of the vehicle's instruments and controls. Note

that vehicles may be equipped differently, depending on special legal requirements.

pg. 16 Instruments

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1 Fuel gauge

The fuel tank holds approximately 18.4 US gals. (70 liters). When the warning light comes on there is approximately 1.8 US gals. (8 liters) of fuel remaining.

See "Refueling" for further information.

2 Temperature gauge

Do not drive the car with the pointer in the red range. The pointer should be approximately midway

on the gauge face when driving. If the pointer approaches the red range repeatedly, check coolant level.

See page 130.

3 Speedometer 4 Clock, ambient temperature sensor, trip computer (certain models) 5 Odometer 6 Trip odometer

Used for measuring shorter distances. The last digit indicates 1/10 mile/kilometer.

7 Trip odometer reset button 8 Tachometer

Reads thousands of engine rpm. The engine should not be operated in red range. The highest permitted constant engine speed is 6,200 rpm.

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pg. 17 Indicator and warning lights

Click on numbered light for more information

1. Turn signal, left

2. Turn signal, right

3. (Not in Use)

4. Low washer fluid level

If the lamp glows continuously when the engine is running, there is only about 1/2 -1 US qt. remaining in the washer fluid reservoir.

5. Low fuel level

When the lamp glows, only about 1.8 US gals. (8 liters) of fuel remain. If the ignition is switched on while refuelling, the gauge may read inaccurately for up to 25 minutes.

6. Rear fog light

7. High beams

8. Trunk open

9. Bulb failure warning sensor

10. (Not in use)

11. (Not in use)

12. SRS indicator lamp

13. Generator not charging

14. Low engine oil pressure

15. Brake warning light

16. Parking brake applied

17. ABS system

18. Transmission mode "W or gear positions 3 or L engaged (automatic transmissions)

19. Low coolant level

20. Traction control system (option)

21. Malfunction indicator lamp (See page 18 for more information)

22. Service reminder indicator

pg. 18 Warning lights

The warning lights described on pages 18 and 19 should never stay on when driving

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When the ignition key is turned on, and before the engine starts, all of the warning lights should be on to test the function of the bulbs. Should a light not go off after the engine has started, the system indicated should be inspected. However, the parking brake reminder light will not go off until the parking brake is fully released.

Generator warning light

If the light comes on while the engine is running, have the charging system checked.

Malfunction indicator lamp

If the lamp comes on (or stays on after the vehicle has started), the engine diagnostic system has detected a possible fault in the emission control system. Although driveability may not be affected, see an authorized Volvo retailer as soon as possible for inspection.

NOTE: If the fuel filler cap is not closed tightly or if the engine is running when the car is refueled, the Malfunction Indicator Lamp may indicate a fault. Use only Volvo original or approved fuel filler caps.

Oil pressure warning light

If the light comes on while driving, stop the car and then stop the engine immediately and check the engine oil level.

See page 114. If the light stays on after restart, have the car towed to the nearest

authorized Volvo retailer. After hard driving, the light may come on occasionally when the engine is idling. This is normal, provided it goes off when the engine speed is increased.

Parking brake reminder light

This light will be on when the parking brake (hand brake) is applied. The parking brake lever is situated between the front seats. Canadian models are equipped with this warning light:

Brake failure warning light

If the light comes on while driving or braking, stop immediately, open the hood and check the brake fluid level in the reservoir.

See page 121 for reservoir position.

Canadian models are equipped with this warning light:

WARNING! If the fluid level is below the MIN mark in either section of the reservoir: DO NOT DRIVE. Tow the car to a Volvo retailer and have the brake system checked and any leakage repaired.

pg. 19 Warning lights (cont.)

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TRACS disengaged (option)

If the TRACS (TRAction Control System) is manually disengaged with the switch on the dashboard, the warning light will come on. This will also come on to indicate a TRACS malfunction, and when the brakes overheat, although it goes out again at the normal temperature level. If the lamp remains on, the system should be checked by an authorized Volvo retailer. This lamp should not be confused with the ON/OFF indicator lamp above the switch.

See page 23 for additional information.

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)

If the warning lamp lights up there is a malfunction of the ABS system (the standard braking system will however function). The vehicle should be driven to a Volvo retailer for inspection.

See page 70 for additional information.

Canadian models are equipped with this warning light:

Coolant level sensor

If the light comes on while driving, the coolant level is low. The coolant level in the expansion tank should be checked immediately and topped up if necessary. The cooling system should be inspected by an authorized Volvo retailer.

Mode "W" engaged

The lamp will light up when the Winter/Wet starting mode is engaged or if gears "3" or "L" are selected. If the warning lamp begins to flash, this means that there is a fault in the automatic gearbox. Contact your Volvo retailer.

Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)

If the light comes on (or stays on after the vehicle has started), the SRS diagnostic system has detected a fault. Drive to an authorized Volvo retailer for an inspection of the system. See the SRS section for more information.

Service reminder indicator

This light will come on at 10,000 mile (16,000 km) intervals*, after 750 hours of driving or after 12 months, whichever occurs first. It is a reminder to the driver that the service interval has been exceeded. The light will stay on for 2 minutes after the start until reset by the servicing retailer.

Bulb failure warning light

The light will come on if any of the following bulbs are defective:

● one of the low beam headlights

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● one of the tail lights

● one of the brake lights when the brake pedal is depressed.

Check the fuse and bulb. See sections

"Replacing bulbs" and "fuses".

Should the warning light come on after a defective outside bulb has been replaced, the corresponding bulb on the other side of the car should also be replaced.

Contents | Top of Page

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pg. 20 Headlights, Parking lights, Turn signals

Headlights and parking lights

O All lights off *

Parking lights on **

Headlights and parking lights are on if starting (ignition) switch is in positions I or II.

If the headlight switch is in position

all lights will go out when starting switch is switched off.

With the headlight switch in position

the parking lights will stay on (headlights off) with the

daytime running light screw (A) in position

The high beams can only be switched on if the headlight switch is in position

Switch from high to low beams and vice versa by moving the turn signal switch lever on the left side of the steering column towards the steering wheel.

* Models equipped with daytime running lights: The low beams, tail lights, parking lights and license plate lights will come on automatically when the ignition is switched on.

** The daytime running lights will also function when the headlight switch is in position

and the

daytime running light screw (A) is in position .

For additional information on the daytime running lights, see page 24.

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Turn signals

1 Lane change position. In maneuvers such as lane changing, the driver can flash the turn signals by

moving the turn signal lever to the first stop and holding it there. The lever will return to the neutral position when released.

2 Signal lever engaged for normal turns 3 High beam/low beam switch (headlights on)

Move the lever towards the steering wheel and release it. Headlight flasher (headlights off) Move the lever towards the steering wheel. The headlight high beam will be on until the lever is released.

NOTE: A defective turn signal bulb will cause the turn signal indicator and remaining signal lights to flash more rapidly than normal.

pg. 21 Windshield wipers/washers, Ignition switch

Windshield wipers/washers

1 Intermittent wiper

With switch in this position, the wipers will sweep approximately every seventh second. 2 "Single sweep" position. The switch returns automatically when released

3 Wipers, normal speed. 4 Wipers, high speed 5 Windshield wiper/washer, headlight wiper/washer (certain models)

The wiper will make 2-3 complete sweeps across the windshield and headlights after the lever is released.

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O Locked position: Remove the key to lock the steering wheel*

WARNING! Never turn the key to position O while driving or when the car is being towed.

I Intermediate position: Certain accessories, radio, etc. on, daytime running lights off. II Drive position: Key position when engine is running. III Starting position: Release the key when the engine starts. The key returns automatically to the Drive position. * On cars equipped with an automatic transmission the gear selector must also be in the (P)ark position.

Starting (ignition) switch/steering wheel lock

The steering wheel lock might be under tension when the car is parked. Turn the steering wheel slightly to free the ignition key. In order to reduce car theft, make sure the steering wheel lock is engaged before leaving the car. A chime will sound if the starting key is left in the ignition lock and the front door on the driver's side is opened.

pg. 22 Instrument illumination, Fog lights

1 - Instrument illumination

To increase the brightness: move the thumbwheel up. To decrease the brightness: move the thumbwheel down.

2 - Rear foglight*

The rear fog light (located in the driver's side tail light cluster) is considerably brighter than the normal tail lights and should be used only when the atmospheric conditions, such as fog, rain, snow, smoke or dust reduce the daytime or nighttime visibility of other vehicles to less than 500 ft (150 meters).

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For the rear fog light to function, the low beam headlights must be switched on. * By design, there is one rear foglight only, located in the driver's side tail light cluster.

3 - Front fog lights (option)

The front fog lights, located in the front spoiler, will only function in combination with the low beam headlights.

4 - Space for optional equipment 5 - Space for optional equipment

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pg. 23 TRACS, Sun roof, Trip computer, Hazard warning flashers, Demister

6 - TRAction Control System (TRACS) - option

TRACS is a system designed as an aid when starting/driving off if one of the drive wheels has poor traction due to weather conditions or the road surface and is connected to the ABS control module. TRACS engages automatically at speeds below 25 mph (40 km/h) when one of the drive wheels loses traction. It disengages automatically when speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h). The sound which can be heard when the system is operating comes from the ABS system. TRACS can be disengaged manually using the switch on the dashboard. The indicator light will come on.

7 - Trip computer - option

Turn the dial to the desired function.

For more information, see pages 26-28.

8 - Electrically operated sun roof - option

The sun roof can be operated in two ways; as a conventional sliding roof or the rear edge can be raised to provide increased ventilation.

See page 41 for operating instructions.

NOTE:

In case of a sun roof malfunction, see page 41.

9 - Rear window demister, heated side-view mirrors

Press the switch to start heating the rear window and side-view mirrors. The control light in the switch will illuminate. A timer switches off the system after approximately 12 minutes. The control light will go out correspondingly.

Hazard warning flashers

The four-way flasher (located above the ashtray) should be used to indicate that the vehicle has become a traffic hazard.

NOTE: Regulations regarding the use of the hazard warning flasher may vary from state to state.

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pg. 24 Daytime running lights

Automatic daytime running lights

Screw A in the illustration (available on U.S. models only) is used to control the automatic daytime running lights when the headlight switch is in position 0. To adjust, press in the screw with a small screwdriver and turn to one of the following positions:

Automatic daytime running lights

The daytime running lights will also function when the headlight switch is in position

and switch A

is in this position.

All lights off (daytime running light function disabled)

NOTE: The daytime running light function may only be disabled (turned off) in the U.S. - Canadian law mandates the use of daytime running lights.

pg. 25 Clock, Ambient temperature sensor (certain models)

Resetting the clock

The digital clock can be reset by pressing one of the two buttons (A and B) with a pointed object such as the tip of a pen.

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h = hours m = minutes

Maintain the pressure on the buttons for more than four seconds to change the time more quickly.

Ambient temperature sensor

This sensor indicates the temperature slightly above the road surface and represents air temperature where road icing may occur. An amber warning lamp (C) lights up when the temperature is in the range of 23 - 36° F (-5 - +2° C). Please note that this lamp does not indicate a fault with your car. At low speeds or when the car is not moving, the temperature readings may be slightly higher than the actual ambient temperature due to the heat generated by the engine.

Display alternatives

If buttons A and B are pressed down simultaneously, it is possible to shift between four different display alternatives:

Press 1st time: 12 hour clock and °F Press 2nd time: 24 hour clock and °F Press 3rd time: 12 hour clock and °C Press 4th time: 24 hour clock and °C

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pg. 26 Trip computer (certain models)

Trip computer

The trip computer offers six functions which are presented in a single display. The cursor indicates the selected function. The trip computer's clock is shown permanently in the left-hand field. Refer to the previous page for more detailed information regarding the clock function. The following data is monitored by the computer:

● Average speed

● Current fuel consumption

● Average fuel consumption

● Ambient temperature*

● Tripmeter

● Driving distance on current fuel reserve

* Warning light A in the illustration above. See page 28 for more details.

Trip computer controls

Select one of the trip computer's six functions by using control B. The Reset button (C) is used to reset the following functions:

● Average speed

● Average fuel consumption

● Trip meter

Rotate the control to the required position and press the button for at least two seconds to reset the selected function.

NOTE: If pressure is maintained on the button for another three seconds, all three of the functions mentioned above will be reset.

pg. 27 Trip computer (certain models) (cont.)

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Average speed Ø mph (Canada: km/h)

Average speed since the function was last reset. When the ignition is switched off, the average speed is stored in memory and is used as the basis for the new figure when the engine is started again. It can be reset by pressing the reset button on the trip computer control.

Current fuel consumption mpg (Canada: L/100 km)

Continuous information on current fuel consumption, calculated once per second. When the car is not moving, the display shows "---".

Average fuel consumption Ø mpg (Canada: L/100 km)

Average fuel consumption since the function was last reset. When the ignition is switched off, the average fuel consumption figure is stored in memory and remains in memory until it is reset using the button on the trip computer control.

pg. 28 Trip computer (certain models) (cont.)

Ambient temperature

Shows the ambient temperature just above the road surface while driving. When the temperature is in the range 23 - 36° F (-5 - +2° C), the ambient temperature sensor activates an indicator light in the "snowflake" symbol to help alert the driver of possible slippery driving conditions. Please note that this lamp does not indicate a fault with your car. At low speeds or when the car is not moving, the temperature readings may be slightly higher than the actual ambient temperature due to the heat generated by the engine.

Tripmeter in miles (Canada: km)

Shows the distance driven since the function was last reset. This value is stored in memory until it is reset using the reset button on the trip computer control.

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Driving distance on current fuel reserve mile - 0 (Canada: km)

Shows the distance which can be driven on the fuel remaining in the tank, calculated on the basis of the average fuel consumption and the amount of fuel remaining in the tank at the time of the reading. When the quantity of fuel drops to below approximately 1.8 US gals. (8 liters), a warning light in the instrument panel comes on. When the driving distance on the current fuel reserve is less than 5 miles (8 km), the display shows "—".

Contents | Top of Page

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pg. 29 Cruise control

Cruise control

The cruise control switches are located on the turn signal lever. To engage and set the desired speed:

1. Set switch (B) to ON.

2. Accelerate to the desired cruise speed.

3. Press the + or - area of the SET button (A) to set the desired speed.

NOTE: The cruise control cannot be engaged at speeds below 22 mph (35 km).

Braking

This will automatically disengage the cruise control. The previously selected cruise speed is retained in the memory and by momentarily setting the switch to RESUME position, that speed will be re-engaged. If the cruise control is already engaged, the cruising speed can be increased or decreased by depressing the SET button (A) towards either + or -. One short press on the button corresponds to a speed change of approx. 1 mph (1.6 km/h). When the button is released, the vehicle will maintain the current speed. If actual speed falls below 70% of the set speed or if the wheels spin or lock, the cruise control will disengage automatically.

NOTE: (AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION) When driving up steep hills with the cruise control engaged, the transmission may shift intermittently. This can be avoided by switching between transmission modes E or S while on the hill. Normally, the (E)conomy mode should be used when the cruise control is engaged.

Acceleration

Momentary acceleration, such as for passing, does not interrupt cruise control operation. The previously selected speed will be maintained without having to set the switch to RESUME.

To disengage the cruise control system:

Set switch (B) to OFF, depress the brake pedal or move the gear selector to position N. Switching off the starting (ignition) switch will automatically disengage the cruise control system. On cars equipped with manual transmissions, the cruise control can also be disengaged by depressing the clutch.

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WARNING! The cruise control should not be used in heavy traffic or when driving on wet or slippery roads. Do not use or resume cruise control in reverse gear.

NOTE: When the ignition is switched off, any information stored in the cruise control memory is erased.

pg. 30 Heated front seats (certain models), Parking brake

Heated front seats

The heated front seats can be switched on and off as required. When switched on, the system senses the ambient temperature and regulates the level of heat applied. When the optimum temperature is reached, the heating switches off automatically. While driving, the seat heating for the passenger seat should be switched off when the seat is not occupied.

NOTE: The passenger seat heater will not function if the seat is not occupied.

Parking brake lever

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Parking brake (hand brake)

The lever is situated between the front seats. The brake is applied to the rear wheels.

WARNING! Always use the parking brake (hand brake) when parking. On hills, also turn the front wheels toward the curb.

pg. 31 Auxiliary socket, Ashtrays

Front ashtray

To open the front ashtray, press lightly on the panel. To empty the front ashtray:

● Put the gear selector (aut. transmission) in position L. To release the gear selector from the (P)ark

position, the ignition key must be in position II and the brake pedal must be depressed.

● Grasp the front edge of the ashtray and pull it straight out.

Rear seat auxiliary socket* and ashtray

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Rear ashtrays

To open the rear ash tray, pull it straight out. To empty the rear ash tray, pull it out, lift up the rear edge and remove.

Auxiliary socket*

Auxiliary socket

This 12 volt socket can be used to plug in certain accessories such as cellular telephones, etc. NOTE: The "OBD II" terminal, a connector for diagnostic equipment, is located under the cover of the

storage compartment between the front seats. This terminal is intended for use by authorized service technicians only.

* The auxiliary sockets can also be used as cigarette lighters. The key must be in position I (or higher) for the auxiliary socket to function.

pg. 32 Steering wheel adjustment

...to adjust height

...to adjust length

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Pull down...

Steering wheel adjustment

Both the height and the reach of the steering wheel can be adjusted to a comfortable position for the driver. Pull down the lever on the left of the steering column. Adjust the steering wheel to a suitable position and press the lever back into place to lock the steering wheel in the new position. Check that the steering wheel is locked in the new position.

WARNING! Never adjust the steering wheel while driving.

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pg. 33 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Airmix Vent - open (A)/closed (B)

Heating and air conditioning

Your Volvo is equipped with a heating system combined with air conditioning. Depending on which function you select, warm or cool/cold air is distributed to the different parts of the passenger compartment. A slight amount of condensation may be emitted from the air vents when the air conditioning is initially switched on. This can occur when both humidity and ambient temperature are high and is normal.

Air mix (fresh air)

The center panel vents have an air mix function which allows fresh air to enter the passenger compartment when the vents are open (position B). This function is designed to allow you to direct cool air toward your face while directing warmer air to the rest of the passenger compartment.

To warm/cool the compartment as quickly as possible, the air mix control should be in the closed position.

Air vents (dash)

A Closed

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B Open C Directing air flow horizontally D Directing air flow vertically

Refrigerant

Volvo cares about the environment. The air conditioning system in your car contains a CFC-free refrigerant - R134a. This substance will not deplete the ozone layer. The system contains 1.65 lbs (0.75 kg) R134a and uses ZXL 100PG (type PAG) oil.

NOTE: All maintenance on the climate control systems should be carried out by an authorized Volvo service technician only.

pg. 34 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (Electronic Climate Control)

Temperature dial Driver's side Set desired temperature

Function selector Set for desired air flow

Temperature dial Passenger's side Set desired temperature

BLOWER AUT=Blower speed automatically regulated. 0=OFF Move the knob to the right to increase blower speed.

RECIRCULATION Air in the passenger compartment recirculates (no fresh air enters the car). The amber light in the righthand button is ON when the function is engaged. It should not be used for more than 15 minutes*. The green light in the left-hand button indicates that outside air can enter the passenger compartment.

AC ON/OFF The lights in the buttons indicate if the A/C is off or on**.

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** When the function selector is in the defrost setting, the A/C system is always ON and the blower will function at its highest speed if it is in the AUT position.

Function selector

AUT Air distribution automatically regulated.

Air through panel vents

Defrost. Air to windshield and side windows.

Air to floor, windshield and side windows.

Air through floor vents.

Bi-level. Air through floor and panel vents.

* Pressing the On section of the button for more than three seconds activates a timer function. Recirculation will then always operate for 5 minute periods, after which the button will flash to indicate that recirculation has automatically switched off. Pressing the OFF button at any time during the 5 minute period will allow fresh air into the passenger compartment. Press the ON button again for more than 3 seconds to return the button to its original function (i.e., Recirculation will remain on until the OFF button is pressed).

pg. 35 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (Electronic Climate Control) (cont.)

Automatic Setting

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Set the function selector and blower control to AUT and select the desired temperature. If the driver's side temperature selector is set to either the max heating or max cooling position, the blower will run at its maximum speed.

Optimum defrosting

Set the function selector to

and move the blower control to the position AUT (as far to the left as possible). The A/C system will be on at this time even if the AC OFF button is depressed and the blower will run at its maximum speed. When the windows have cleared, set the function selector in the AUT position.

Additional information

● The air conditioning system will function best if it is always left on.

● Always keep the air intake grille at the base of the windshield under the rear edge of the hood free of

snow.

● Water under the vehicle in hot weather can be the result of condensation from the air conditioning

system and is quite normal.

● The air conditioning is disengaged when the blower is set at 0 and the speed of the vehicle is less than

20 mph (30 km/h).

● The air conditioning system functions only at temperatures above 32 F (O C).

● RECIRCULATION: Use this function if the outside air is contaminated with exhaust gases, smoke,

etc or to heat/cool the car quickly. When Recirculation is activated, very little air is drawn into the passenger compartment from the outside. If your windows begin to fog or mist, check that the recirculation function is NOT engaged.

NOTE: To help maintain stable passenger compartment temperature when driving with the sun roof or windows open, place the blower control in position "O" and adjust the desired temperature manually.

● If the panel vents are open, a certain amount of air will always flow through, regardless of the position

the function dial is in. To increase the flow of air to either the floor or the windows, close the panel vents and open the outer vents.

● The panel vents may emit some condensation when the air conditioning is initially switched on and is

quite normal. This may occur if the ambient temperature and humidity are high.

● The sunlight sensor (located at the top center of the dashboard) should not be covered in any way as

this could cause incorrect information to be sent to the ECC system.

● The air conditioning is momentarily disengaged during full-throttle acceleration.

Difficult weather conditions

When driving in very humid conditions, heavy rain, sleet, etc., it may be better to use the manual rather

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than the automatic setting to defrost the windows. Set the mode selector to "Defrost" or "Defrost/ floor" and the fan speed to mid-range. Also shut the center air vents.

Faults in the ECC system

The RECIRCULATION ON and AC OFF lights will flash for approximately 20 seconds if a fault is detected in the ECC system. If this flashing recurs the next time the system is switched on, the climate control unit should be checked by an authorized Volvo retailer.

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pg. 36 Electrically-operated front windows, Central locking button

A- Left front, B- right front, C- central locking button

Electrically-operated windows (A/B)

The electrically-operated windows are controlled by switches in the driver's door (A and B in the illustration above). The starting (ignition) switch must be ON (intermediate position I) for the electrically-operated windows to function. The window is lowered by pressing down on the front edge of the button and raised by pulling up on the front edge of the button.

NOTE: Driver's window only (AUTO): The window can be opened completely by pressing the front part of the switch lightly and releasing it immediately. The window can be stopped by pressing the button again. If the button is held down, the window will be lowered until the button is released. The power window motors have an overload protecting circuit breaker which is activated when an object blocks a window. Should this occur, remove the object and wait 20 seconds for the circuit breaker to reset. The power windows should then function.

WARNING! Make sure that childrens' hands are clear before raising the windows.

Central locking button (C)

Press the switch to lock/unlock the doors and the trunk.

Lock: Press the left side of the button Unlock: Press the right side of the button

NOTE: To help prevent accidentally locking the keys in the car, the central locking system is designed

to unlock the doors immediately if the key is left in the ignition switch and the car is locked using the lock button on the door. A sound from the lock will be audible at this time. Please note that this function will not unlock the doors if the engine is running.

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pg. 37 Rear windows, Fuel tank cover

Opening the rear windows

The rear windows can be opened to a "ventilation position" by depressing the lock button and pushing the catch outward (see illustration above).

Opening the fuel tank cover

The fuel tank cover is locked and must be popped open using the control on the driver's door. Pull the control button towards you to release the fuel tank cover.

See page 97 for instructions on manually opening the fuel tank cover.

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Contents | Top of Page

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Chapter 3 - Body and interior

pg. 39 Body and interior

Body and interior

The seats, sun roof, mirrors, etc. are described on the following pages.

Storage compartments 40

Sun roof 41

Keys, doors and locks 42

Remote keyless entry system 43

Alarm 44

Front seats 46

Rear/side view mirrors 48

Interior lights, Vanity mirrors 49

Long load storage 50

Hood 51

Opening the trunk 52

Trunk light, Spare tire, Jack 53

Securing cargo, Avoiding battery drain 54

pg. 40 Storage compartments

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1 Glove compartment 2 Coin holder 3 Compartment in door 4 Pocket on rear of front seat 5 Compartment between front seats/Cup holder

WARNING! Packages on the rear window shelf can obscure vision and may become dangerous

projectiles in the event of a sudden stop or an accident.

pg. 41 Sun roof (option)

Sliding sun roof

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Electrically-operated sun roof

The switch for operating the sun roof is located on the instrument panel. The starting (ignition) key must first be turned to the drive position (position II). The sun roof is also equipped with a one-touch, AUTOopen function.

● AUTO-open: Press the lower section of the switch once to automatically open the sun roof. The

AUTO-open function can be stopped at any time by pressing the switch.

● To close the sun roof: Depress the upper section of the switch until the sun roof has closed

completely.

Sun visor

● To open the rear edge of the sun roof (ventilation position): With the sun roof closed, depress the

upper section of the switch. To close, depress the lower section of the switch until the sun roof has closed completely.

● To slide open the sun roof: Depress the lower section of the switch until the sun roof has opened to

the position you prefer or hold the switch until the sun roof reaches the "comfort position"*. Depress the lower section of the switch again to open the sun roof completely.

* A position where the sun roof is not quite fully open. This position helps alleviate "rumbling" wind noise.

Sun visor: The sun roof also features a sliding sun visor. The visor slides back automatically when the sun roof is opened and also slides back slightly when the sun roof is opened to the ventilation position. The visor must be closed manually.

CAUTION: Do not close the sun visor when the sun roof is in the ventilation position as this could damage the mechanism.

NOTE:

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● The electrically-operated sun roof has an overload protecting circuit breaker (fuse no. 37) which is

activated when an object blocks the sun roof. Should this occur, remove the object and wait 20 seconds for the circuit breaker to reset. The sun roof should then function normally. Also check fuse no. 35.

WARNING! The sun roof must never be obstructed in any way when in operation.

pg. 42 Keys, doors and locks

Master key This key operates all locks (ignition switch/steering wheel lock, driver's door, trunk and glove compartment).

Service key This key operates the driver's door and the ignition switch/steering wheel lock.

NOTE:

● As an added anti-theft measure, new keys have been developed which may take slightly longer to

copy or replace if the original keys are misplaced. Duplicate keys may be ordered from your Volvo retailer.

● The key number codes are stamped on a separate tag supplied with the keys. This tag should be

separated from the key ring and kept in a safe place.

Doors and locks

Your car is equipped with a central locking system. The key, used on the driver's door, the remote control, or central locking button, will lock/unlock both doors, and the trunk.

Turn the key once to unlock the driver's door only. Turn the key again (within 10 seconds) to unlock both doors and the trunk.

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One turn with the key towards lock in the drivers door locks both doors and the trunk. Use the switch on the front door armrests to lock/unlock the car from the inside.

Check the action of the buttons on the other door to verify its function (lock/unlock).

WARNING! The doors should not be locked while driving. In case of an accident, this may hinder rapid access to the occupants of the vehicle.

NOTE: If a door is not closed completely, the courtesy lights will stay on and a chime will sound until the door is closed.

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pg. 43 Remote keyless entry system

Remote keyless entry system

Your car is equipped with a remote control transmitter. This transmitter uses a radio frequency which will allow “keyless” entry into the passenger compartment or the trunk. You will be supplied with two coded key ring transmitters, which will enable you to lock/unlock both doors and the trunk from a distance of 10-15 feet (3-5 meters). The car can also be locked/unlocked with the key. As an extra security precaution in certain situations (valet parking,etc.), Volvo recommends that the transmitter not be included when the keys are given to anyone. The service key can be used instead. If one of transmitters is misplaced, contact the nearest authorized Volvo retailer for assistance.

Using the remote control

● Press the LOCK button once to lock both doors and the trunk.

● Press the UNLOCK button once to unlock the driver’s door only. Press this button again (within 10

seconds) to unlock both doors and the trunk.

● Press the OPEN TRUNK button to pop open the trunk.

This device complies with FCC rules Part 15. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference that may be received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

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NOTE: If only the driver’s door is unlocked, the lock will automatically reengage (re-lock) and the alarm will reset after 2 minutes unless the door has been opened. The lock/unlock and alarm features can also be utilized by using the keys.

See section: Doors and Locks on page 42.

If the alarm LED glows continuously for 5 seconds, this indicates a fault in the system or that a door is not properly closed.

WARNING! Volvo does not recommend using the transmitter to lock the doors from inside the car. On cars equipped with an alarm, the alarm would be activated and would sound when one of the doors is opened. The doors must not be locked using the remote transmitter while the vehicle is occupied. In case of an accident, this may hinder rapid access to the occupants of the vehicle. The alarm will also sound on models equipped with this feature.

NOTE : To avoid leaving your keys in the car, make a habit of always locking the car with the remote control.

pg. 44 Alarm (certain models)

LED alarm status indicator

Alarm

The radio signal emitted from the transmitter, which is used to set/unset the alarm, is a “rolling code” signal. This means that the signal is changed randomly for each transmission and is intended to help prevent unauthorized recording of the code. When armed (set), the alarm continuously monitors a number of points on the car. The following conditions will set off the alarm:

● The hood is opened

● The trunk is opened

● A door is opened

● The ignition switch is tampered with

● The car is lifted or towed (if the car is equipped with the optional inclination sensor)

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● The battery is disconnected (if the car is equipped with the optional backup battery siren)

Arming (setting) the alarm

Press the LOCK button on the remote control, lock the car using the key in the driver’s door or press the central lock button on one of the front doors with the door open. One long flash of the turn signals will confirm that the alarm is set.

Disarming the alarm

Press the UNLOCK button on the remote control or unlock the doors with the key.

Turning off (stopping) the alarm

If the alarm is sounding, it can be stopped by pressing the UNLOCK button on the remote control or by unlocking the driver’s door with the key. If the alarm is stopped with the remote control, this will be confirmed by two short flashes from the turn signals.

Visual alarm signal

The visual alarm signal is given by flashing all turn signals and turning on the interior lighting for 5 minutes.

Audible alarm signal

An audible alarm signal is given either by a separate alarm horn or by the optional back-up siren. One alarm cycle lasts for 30 seconds.

“Panic“ function

In an emergency situation, this feature can be used to attract attention. Activate the “panic” function by pressing the red panic button on the remote control for at least 3 seconds or by pressing this button twice within 3 seconds. The turn signals will flash, the interior lights will go on and the alarm will sound.

The function can be turned off by pressing any of the buttons on the remote control or will stop automatically after 25 seconds.

NOTE: This button will NOT unlock the car.

pg. 45 Alarm

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Automatic reset function

If only the driver’s door is unlocked with the remote control, the lock will automatically reengage (relock) and the alarm will reset after 2 minutes unless the door has been opened.

Temporarily disconnecting the alarm sensor(s)

In certain situations it may be desirable to disconnect the optional alarm sensor, particularly the inclination sensor, if, for example, you drive your car onto a ferry where the rocking of the boat could trigger the alarm. To temporarily disconnect the sensor(s) from the alarm system:

● With all doors closed, switch off the ignition and remove the key from the ignition switch

● Press the locking (left) side of the central locking button on the driver’s door for at least 3 seconds.

● The doors will first lock and then unlock after 3 seconds to confirm that the sensors have been

disconnected. The car can then be locked in the usual way to set the alarm.

NOTE: The sensors will automatically be reconnected to the alarm system the next time the ignition is switched on.

LED alarm status signals

The status of the alarm system is indicated by the red LED at the top center of the dash:

● LED off - the alarm is not armed (set)

● LED flashes once per second - the alarm is armed (set)

● LED flashes rapidly before the ignition is switched on - the alarm has been triggered.

● LED flashed rapidly for 15 seconds after the ignition has been switched on - a fault has been detected

in the alarm system. Contact a Volvo retailer.

Batteries

Each remote transmitter is powered by a three volt battery, type CR2016. If the range of the transmitter is noticeably reduced, this indicates that the battery is weak and should be replaced. Replacement: Remove the battery cover on the back of the transmitter with a coin. Replace the battery. Reinstall the cover, making sure it is secured tightly to help protect the transmitter.

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CAUTION: Do not attempt to service or repair any components of the alarm system yourself. This should only be done by an authorized Volvo retailer.

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pg. 46 Front seats

Electrically operated seats with memory function

1 Lumbar support control 2 Strap for controlling front seat for rear seat passengers 3 Backrest release control lever 4 Power seat control panel

WARNING! Do not adjust the seat while driving. The seat should be adjusted so that the brake pedal

can be depressed fully. In addition, position the seat as far rearward as comfort and control allow. The seat rails on the floor must not be obstructed in any way when the seat is moved.

Power seat control panel

A Seat front (raise/lower) B Forward - rearward C Seat rear (raise/lower) D Backrest tilt

WARNING! The power seats are operable with the ignition OFF. Therefore, children should never

be left unattended in the car.

Movement of the seat can be STOPPED at any time by pressing any button on the power seat control panel.

Programming the memory

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Three seat positions can be programmed. To program a seat position:

1 Adjust the seat to the desired position. 2 Depress the MEM button. 3 Press button 1 to program the current position of the seat.

Buttons 2 and 3 can be programmed in the same way. To move the seat to a programmed position, depress button 1, 2 or 3 until the seat stops. If the button is released before the seat has the reached the programmed position, it will stop as a safety precaution.

NOTE: The seat has an overload protector which engages if an object blocks the movement of the seat. If this happens, remove the object and wait 20 seconds before operating the seat again.

pg. 47 Front seats

Tilting the backrests - moving the seats

Tilting the backrest

The backrests are locked in the upright position and can be tilted forward to allow access to the rear seat.

● Lift the control lever on the side of the front seat (A) and tilt the backrest forward until it locks into

place to reach objects in the rear seat.

Moving the seat forward

● Lift and hold up the control lever on the side of the front seat (A).

● Tilt the backrest forward (B).

● The seat will slide forward until the control lever is released or until it reaches the forward-most

position.

To tilt up the backrest to its normal position:

● Press the backrest slightly forward and pull the control lever up to release the backrest locking

mechanism.

● Tilt the backrest toward the rear of the car.

● Hold the control lever up to allow the seat to slide back to its original position.

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To exit the rear seat:

● Pull the strap on the lower inside corner of the seat.

● Push the backrest forward.

● The seat will slide forward until the strap is released*.

* If the backrest is in the upright position, the seat will slide rearward until the strap is released.

WARNING! Make sure the seats are securely locked into position after they have been adjusted.

pg. 48 Rear/side-view mirrors

Rear-view mirror

A Normal position B Night position, reduces glare from following headlights

CAUTION: Never use ice scrapers made of metal as they can easily scratch the mirror

surface.

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Auto-dim function (certain models)

A Auto-dim ON B Auto-dim OFF

The Auto-dim function reacts to high beams from the car behind you and switches the mirror automatically to "night" position.

NOTE: If the right indicator light in the lower (see inset illustration above) is on, The Auto-dim function is disabled (off). Press the button (see arrow) to turn the function ON or OFF.

Adjustment control

Electrically operated side-view mirrors

The mirror control switches are located on the driver's door armrest. Press the left side of the selector button and then use the adjustment control to adjust the driver's door mirror. Press the right side of the selector button before adjusting the passenger door mirror.

A Horizontal adjustment B Vertical adjustment

WARNING! The mirrors should always be adjusted prior to driving. Objects seen in the wide-angle

right side-view mirror are closer than they appear to be.

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pg. 49 Interior lights, Vanity mirrors

Front courtesy lights

The front courtesy lighting consists of two reading lights for the front seat occupants.

Front and rear reading lights always on

0 Front and rear reading lights always off

Front and rear reading lights come on when a door is opened

Left or right reading light illuminates if the center switch is in position .

The courtesy lights remain illuminated for 30 seconds after the doors have been closed but will be switched off if the ignition is turned on or the doors are locked. If a door is not closed completely, the courtesy lights will stay on and a chime will sound until the door is closed.

Reading lights, rear seat

There are two reading lights for the rear seat passengers. These are turned on/off by using the adjacent switches.

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Light is on if the front switch is in position .

Light turns on if any door is opened.

Vanity mirrors

The light illuminates when the cover is opened.

pg. 50 Long load storage

Long load storage

There is a flap located in the panel behind the rear seat which makes it possible to carry long loads such as skis, etc. To open, pull the strap forward. Protective covers (for skis) should be used to avoid soiling or tearing the upholstery. Please note that the flap in the rear seat is only intended for light loads such as skis, carpets, etc. Max. length: 6 1/2 ft (2 meters) Max. weight: 55 lbs (25 kg)

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WARNING! Always turn the engine off and apply parking brake when loading/unloading the vehicle. Place the transmission in the P (PARK) position to help prevent inadvertent movement of the gear selector. Long loads should be secured to the folded down armrest to help prevent movement and possible injury in the event of sudden braking or stops. Any sharp edges should be covered with protective material.

pg. 51 Hood

Hood release lever under dashboard

Hood release control under grille

To open the hood

● Pull the lever located under the left side of the dash to release both hood catches.

● Lift the hood slightly.

● Pull the release control on the inside of the lower edge of the grille toward you and lift the hood.

WARNING! Check that the hood locks properly when closed.

The hood normally opens to an angle of 57°. The hood can be opened to the vertical position by rotating the hinge catches (see illustrations). The catches will return to their normal positions when the hood is closed. Ensure adequate clearance in low-roof garages to avoid damaging the hood.

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pg. 52 Trunk

Opening the trunk

The trunk can be opened by:

● Pressing the button on the remote control (A)

● Using the master key in the trunk lock

● Using the trunk control on the driver's door (B)

Locking the trunk

The trunk lock is incorporated in the central locking system. This means that you can either lock or unlock the trunk when the driver's door is locked/unlocked. The trunk lock can be disconnected from the central locking system by turning the key counterclockwise as shown in the illustration.

Withdraw the key in the horizontal position *

** In this position, the trunk cannot be opened with the control on the driver's door or the remote control.

The trunk is now always locked. This feature can be used for e.g., valet parking. If you give only the service key to the driver, it will not be possible to gain access to the trunk. Please be aware that this setting may preclude access to the spare tire and jack. To reconnect the lock to the central locking system:

Withdraw the key in the vertical position

pg. 53 Trunk light, Spare tire, Jack

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Trunk Light

A Light always off B Light is on when the trunk lid is open

Spare tire

The spare tire is located under the carpet in a special well under the floor of the trunk. The jack is placed inside the wheel rim. Make sure that the jack is properly secured in this position after use (see illustration).

NOTE:

See pages 82-83 for information on how the jack should be used.

pg. 54 Securing cargo, Avoiding battery drain

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Eyelets in trunk

Securing cargo

As a safety precaution, your car is equipped with four eyelets to which straps can be attached to secure luggage.

WARNING! The eyelets are not to be used as passenger restraints or as anchorages for child restraints.

See page 9.

Avoiding battery drain

The courtesy lights and the warning lights in the rear of the doors come on when a door is opened.

● To avoid battery drain when the doors are opened for prolonged periods, these lights can be switched

off by pressing the lock mechanism (A) located in the rear facing side of the driver's door.

● To return the lights to their normal function, pull the door handle out before closing the door (B) and

use a small screwdriver to push the lock mechanism back to its original position before closing the door.

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Contents | Top of Page

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Chapter 4 - Starting and driving

pg. 55 Starting and driving

Starting and driving

This section on starting and driving contains items such as starting the engine, operating the gear selector, towing, trailers, etc.

Break-in period 56

Fuel requirements, Refueling 56-57

Driving economy 58

Starting the engine 59

Manual transmission 60

Automatic transmission 61

Points to remember 64

Emergency towing 66

Vehicle towing information 67

Jump starting 68

Three-way catalytic converter 69

Brake system, ABS 70

Trailer towing 71

Winter driving 72

Long distance trips 73

pg. 56 Break-in period, Fuel requirements

A new car should be broken-in

Refrain from utilizing your car's full driving potential during the first 1,200 miles (2,000 km) including

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the "kick-down" function (automatic transmission). NOTE - ENGINE OIL:

Although some oil consumption occurs during normal engine operation, more oil is consumed when the engine is new as the internal parts generate higher friction while wearing-in to each other. From the

time the engine is new until the first service is performed, the oil consumption could be higher than normal. For this reason, it is especially important to check the oil every time you refuel your car during this period. See page 114.

In general, the rate of oil consumption depends on such factors as: engine temperature, length of trip, driving conditions, oil viscosity and quality, engine speed and acceleration/deceleration. Checking your engine oil level each time the car is refueled is one of the most important items you can perform to help keep your car in good running order.

Manual transmission

The following speeds should not be exceeded during the break-in period:

Up to 600 miles (1000 km)

600 - 1,200 miles

(1000 - 2000 km) 1st gear 20 mph (30 km/h) 25 mph (40 km/h) 2nd gear 30 mph (50 km/h) 40 mph (70 km/h)

3rd gear 45 mph (80 km/h)

65 mph (100 km/

h) 4th gear

70 mph (110 km/ h)

80 mph (130 km/

5th gear/ overdrive

80 mph (130 km/ h)

95 mph (150 km/

Posted speed limits should not be exceeded.

Deposit control gasoline (detergent additives)

Volvo recommends the use of gasoline containing deposit control additives. These additives have shown to be efficient in keeping injectors and intake valves clean. Consistent use of deposit control gasolines will help ensure good driveability and fuel economy. If you are not sure whether the gasoline contains deposit control additives, check with the service station operator.

Unleaded Fuel

Each Volvo has a three-way catalytic converter and must use only unleaded gasoline. U.S. and Canadian regulations require that pumps delivering unleaded gasoline be labeled "UNLEADED". Only these pumps have nozzles which fit your car's filler inlet. It is unlawful to dispense leaded fuel into a vehicle labeled "unleaded gasoline only". Leaded gasoline damages the three-way catalytic converter and the heated oxygen sensor system. Repeated use of leaded gasoline will lessen the effectiveness of the emission control system and could result in loss of emission warranty coverage. State and local vehicle

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inspection programs will make detection of misfueling easier, possibly resulting in emission test failure for misfueled vehicles.

NOTE: Some U.S. and Canadian gasolines contain an octane enhancing additive called methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). If such fuels are used, your Emission Control System performance may be affected, and the Malfunction Indicator Lamp located on your instrument panel may light. If this occurs, please return your vehicle to an authorized Volvo retailer for service.

pg. 57 Fuel requirements, Refueling

Octane Rating

Volvo engines are designed for optimum performance on unleaded premium gasoline with an octane rating. AKI of 91, or above. AKI (ANTI KNOCK INDEX) is an average of the Research Octane Number, RON, and the Motor Octane Number, MON, (RON + MON/ 2). The minimum octane requirement is AKI 87 (RON 91).

Gasoline containing alcohol and ethers

"Oxygenated fuels"

Some fuel suppliers sell gasoline containing "oxygenates" which are usually alcohols or ethers. In some areas, state or local laws require that the service pump be marked indicating use of alcohol or ethers. However, there are areas in which the pumps are unmarked. If you are not sure whether there is alcohol or ethers in the gasoline you buy, check with the service station operator. To meet seasonal air quality restrictions, some states require the use of "oxygenated" fuel in certain areas. Volvo allows the use of the following "oxygenated fuels; however, the octane ratings listed on this page must still be met. Alcohol — Ethanol Fuels containing up to 10% ethanol by volume may be used. Ethanol may also be referred to as Ethyl alcohol, or "Gasohol". Ethers — MTBE Fuels containing up to 15% MTBE may be used.

Refueling

The fuel filler cap is located inside the fuel tank cover on the right rear fender. NOTE: The fuel tank cover is locked and must be popped open using the control on the driver's door

(see page 37).

Open fuel filler cap slowly during hot weather conditions. When filling, hang the cap on the special bracket on the inside of the fuel tank cover.

NOTE: Turn the ignition off or to position I when refueling. If the ignition is on, an incorrect reading could occur in the fuel gauge (low fuel level will be indicated).

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After filling the tank, install the cap and turn until a "click" is heard. The fuel tank is designed to hold approximately 18.4 US gal. (70 liters) with sufficient volume left over to accommodate possible expansion of the fuel in hot weather. Be aware that the "usable" tank will be somewhat less than the specified maximum. When the fuel level is low, such factors as ambient temperature, the fuel's "vapor pressure" characteristics, and terrain can affect the fuel pumps' ability to supply the engine with an adequate supply of fuel. Therefore, it is advisable to refuel as soon as possible when the needle nears the red zone, or when the fuel warning light comes on.

CAUTION:

● Do not refuel with the engine running. After refueling, close the fuel filler cap by turning it

clockwise until it clicks into place.

● Allow for fuel expansion by not overfilling the tank. Overfilling could also cause damage to the

emission control systems.

CAUTION: Avoid spilling gasoline during refueling. Gasolines containing alcohol can cause damage to painted surfaces, which may not be covered under the New Vehicle Limited Warranty. Do not use gasoline containing methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol). This practice can result in vehicle performance deterioration and can damage critical parts in the fuel system. Such damage may not be covered under the New Vehicle Limited Warranty.

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pg. 58 Driving economy

Economical driving conserves natural resources

Better driving economy may be obtained by thinking ahead, avoiding rapid starts and stops and adjusting the speed of your vehicle to immediate traffic conditions. Observe the following rules:

● Bring the engine to normal operating temperature as soon as possible by driving with a light foot on

the accelerator pedal for the first few minutes of operation. A cold engine uses more fuel and is subject to increased wear.

● Whenever possible, avoid using the car for driving short distances. This does not allow the engine to

reach normal operating temperature.

● Drive carefully and avoid rapid acceleration and hard braking.

● Do not exceed speed limit.

● Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra load) in the car.

● Check tire pressure regularly (check when tires are cold).

● Remove snow tires when threat of snow or ice has ended.

● Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc., increase air resistance and thereby fuel consumption.

● Avoid using automatic transmission kick-down feature unless necessary.

● Avoid using the air conditioning when it is not required. When engaged, the air conditioner's

compressor places an additional load on the engine. However, please note that fuel consumption is lower with the air conditioning on than it is when driving with the air conditioning switched off and the windows down.

● If your car is equipped with the optional Trip Computer, utilizing the fuel consumption modes can

help you "learn" how to drive more economically. Other factors which decrease gas mileage are:

● Worn or dirty spark plugs

● Incorrect spark plug gap

● Dirty air cleaner

● Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter

● Dragging brakes

● Incorrect front end alignment

Some of the above mentioned items and others are checked at the standard Maintenance Service intervals.

NOTE: (D)rive or 5th gear (manual transmissions) should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy.

pg. 59 Starting the engine

Starting and stopping

1. Fasten the seat belt.

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WARNING! Before starting, check that the seat and steering wheel are adjusted properly. Make sure the brake pedal can be depressed completely. Move the seat closer if necessary.

Refer to section

"front seats".

2. Apply the parking brake, if not already set. The gear selector (automatic transmission) is locked in the (P)ark position (SHIFT LOCK).

3. Without touching the accelerator pedal, turn the ignition key to the starting position. Allow the starter to operate for up to 10 seconds. Release the key as soon as the engine starts. If the engine fails to start, repeat step 3. For cold starts at altitudes above 6000 ft (1800 meters), depress the accelerator pedal halfway and turn the key to the starting position. Release the pedal slowly when the engine starts.

4. To release the gear selector from the (P)ark position (automatic transmission), the ignition key must be in position II and the brake pedal must be depressed.

See page 97 for instructions on manually

overriding the SHIFTLOCK system.

Do not race a cold engine immediately after starting. Oil flow may not reach some lubricating points fast enough to prevent engine damage.

NOTE: (Automatic transmission only) Your car is equipped with a KEYLOCK system. When the engine is switched off, the gear selector must be in the (P)ark position before the starting key can be removed from the ignition switch.

5. Select desired gear. The gear engages after a slight delay (automatic transmission) which is especially noticeable when selecting R.

CAUTION: (Automatic transmission only) The engine should be idling; never accelerate until after you feel the gear engage! Too-rapid acceleration immediately after selecting a gear will cause harsh engagement and premature transmission wear.

NOTE: Selecting P or N (automatic transmission) when idling at a standstill for prolonged periods of time will help prevent overheating of transmission oil.

WARNING! Always place the gear selector (automatic transmission) in Park and apply the parking brake before leaving the vehicle. Never leave the car unattended with the engine running. Always open the garage doors fully before starting the engine inside a garage to ensure adequate ventilation. The exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, which is invisible and odorless but very poisonous.

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CAUTION: Never race the engine immediately after starting. Oil flow may not reach some lubricated points fast enough to prevent engine damage.

Do not race the engine just prior to switching off!

Hydraulic valve lifters

This engine features hydraulic valve lifters which means that valve clearance is adjusted automatically. It is possible that the valve lifters will produce a ticking sound for the first few seconds after the engine is started, while the oil pressure is increasing. If the car has not been used for a long period of time, this ticking sound may last for up to 15 minutes. This is entirely normal. Do not exceed 3000rpm until the ticking sound disappears.

pg. 60 Manual transmission

Shift positions

Depress the clutch pedal completely when changing gears. Remove your foot from the clutch pedal while driving. Overdrive (5th gear) should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy. This gear can be engaged at speeds above approx. 50 mph (80 km/h).

CAUTION: Follow the shift pattern indicated on the gear shift knob when shifting up (e.g. do not shift directly from 2nd to 5th gear) to help avoid excessive wear on the transmission.

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Engaging reverse gear

The gear lever must first be moved to neutral in order to engage reverse gear.

CAUTION: Be careful that you do not inadvertently engage reverse while moving forward.

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pg. 61 Automatic transmission

P (Park)

Use this position when starting the engine or parking the car. Never use P while car is in motion. The parking brake should also be used when parking on grades.

The gear selector is mechanically locked in the P position (SHIFT LOCK). To release the selector, start the engine and depress the brake pedal. If it is necessary to manually release the gear selector,

see page 97 for instructions.

WARNING! Never leave the car when the engine is running. If, by mistake, the gear selector is

moved from P, the car may start moving.

R (Reverse)

Never engage R while is moving forward.

N (Neutral)

Neutral = no gear engaged. Use the parking brake. The engine can be started with the gear selector in this position.

D (Drive)

D is the normal driving position and should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy. When modes E or S are selected, upshift and downshift of the forward gears occur automatically and are governed by accelerator pedal position and vehicle speed.

3 (Intermediate position)

Automatically shifts up and down between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gears when in driving modes E or S. There is no upshift from 3rd gear. Position 3 can be used for driving in hilly terrain, for towing trailers or for increased engine braking power.

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L (Low position)

No upshift can occur when L is engaged. Select position L for driving in first and second gears. Use this position to select low gear with no upshift, e.g. when ascending and descending steep grades. The transmission will noticeably shift down from second to first if road speed drops to below 40 km/h (25 mph) when driving in E Mode and below 10 km/h (6 mph) in S Mode.

Kick-down

Automatic shift to a lower gear (kick-down) is achieved by depressing the accelerator pedal fully and briskly. An upshift will be achieved when approaching the top speed for a particular gear or by releasing the accelerator pedal slightly. Kick-down can be used for maximum acceleration or when passing at highway speeds.

"Lock-up"

The transmission has a "lock-up" function which reduces engine speed and saves fuel. "Lock-up" can sometimes be felt as an additional gear change.

pg. 62 Automatic transmission (cont.)

Shift gate positions

The gear selector can be moved freely between N and D. Selections of other positions are obtained by depressing the selector knob prior to moving the selector. Slightly depressing the selector knob allows selection of positions R, N, D, 3 and L. Fully depressing the selector knob allows selection of position P. This is also necessary when initially bringing the selector out of position P. Fully depressing the selector knob permits shifting freely between all positions.

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Driving mode selector

The buttons at the base of the gear lever allow you to select driving modes E, S, or W. A new mode can be selected at any time, including while the car is moving.

W Winter/Wet mode

Enhanced Vehicle Traction This mode may be selected for starting/moving off on slippery roads.

● In position D*, the gearbox starts in 3rd gear and changes up to 4th gear.

● In position 3*, 2nd gear is locked and there is no change up to 3rd gear.

● In position L, 1st gear is locked.

* These positions always offer the kick-down function. The indicator lamp in the instrument panel lights up when this mode is selected (the lamp will also

light up if the gear selector is in position 3 or L). Press W to disengage this mode. When this mode is disengaged or if the ignition is switched off**, the gearbox automatically reverts to the previously selected mode. If the indicator lamp begins to flash, this is an indication of a fault in the automatic gearbox. The Malfunction Indicator lamp will also light up if a fault is detected. If the transmission does not shift properly, place the gear selector in position L. Please contact your Volvo retailer if this occurs.

** If the ignition is switched on again within several minutes, mode

W will remain engaged.

CAUTION: Driveability and fuel economy will be adversely affected by prolonged driving in Winter/Wet mode. Volvo recommends using this mode only when starting in extremely slippery

conditions.

E Economy Mode

This mode is used for normal driving. The gearbox changes gears at a lower engine speed to achieve the best possible fuel consumption.

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S Sport Mode

This mode is adapted to "sporty" driving characteristics. The transmission upshifts at higher engine speeds and less accelerator pedal pressure is required to initiate a downshift.

pg. 63 Automatic transmission

Special tips - automatic transmission

● For driving down steep hills and when driving for prolonged periods at low speeds, position L should

be selected. Avoid, however, repeated changes since this can cause overheating of the transmission oil. For driving on long continuous uphill gradients, select position 3.

● Never select P or R while the car is in motion.

● When initially selecting positions D, 3, L or R, your right foot should press firmly on the brake pedal

to ensure that the car is standing still with the engine idling.

● The gear selector should not be downshifted to L at speeds above 75 mph (125 km/h). Always

observe posted speed limits.

● Do not hold the car stationary on an incline by using the accelerator pedal. Instead, apply the hand

brake (parking brake). This prevents the transmission oil from becoming overheated.

● When towing a trailer, select shift position 3.

● The (E)conomy mode should be selected when the cruise control is engaged.

● While towing a trailer in hilly terrain, do not drive continuously at engine speeds above 4500 rpm to

help avoid high engine oil temperatures.

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pg. 64 Points to remember

Cooling system

The risk for engine overheating is greatest, especially in hot weather, when:

● towing a trailer up steep inclines for prolonged periods at wide open throttle and low engine rpm.

● stopping the engine suddenly after high speed driving (so-called "after-boiling" can occur).

● To avoid overheating, the following rules should be followed:

Do not drive for prolonged periods at engine speeds above 4500 rpm if you are towing a trailer in hilly terrain, Reduce speed and downshift when towing a trailer up long, steep inclines. The risk of overheating can be reduced by switching off the air conditioning system for a short time. Do not let the engine idle unnecessarily for prolonged periods. Do not mount auxiliary lamps in front of the grill. When the risk of overheating is imminent, or in the event of overheating (the temperature gauge goes repeatedly into, or stays continually in, the red section), the following precautions should be taken:

● Switch off the air conditioning system.

● Stop the car and put the gear lever into neutral. Do not stop the engine!

● Switch the heater to full (maximum) position. Increase the engine speed to approx. 2000 rpm (twice

idling speed) until the temperature begins to drop.

WARNING! Do not remove coolant expansion tank cap. The coolant will be extremely hot.

See "Coolant" to check and top-up the coolant level if necessary.

CAUTION: Drive slowly and carefully if going through standing water (i.e. flooded roadways, etc.) Damage to engine could result if excess water is ingested through the air intake system. Never drive the vehicle in water deeper than 1 foot (300 mm).

See flood warning on page 7.

WARNING! Do not drive with trunk lid open! Poisonous exhaust gases may enter via the open trunk lid. If the trunk lid must be kept open for any reason, proceed as follows:

- Close the windows.

- Set the ventilation system control to air flow to floor, windshield and side windows and blower control to its highest setting.

Electrical system

When replacing the battery or when carrying out work involving the electrical system, the following should be observed:

● A battery connection to the wrong terminal will damage the diodes. Before connections are made,

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check the polarity of the battery with a voltmeter.

● If booster batteries are used for starting, they must be properly connected to minimize the risk of the

diode being damaged. For correct connection, see "Jump starting" section.

● Never disconnect the battery circuit (for example, to replace the battery) while the engine is running,

as this will immediately ruin the generator. Always make sure that all the battery connections are properly tightened.

● If any electrical welding work is performed on the vehicle, the battery's ground lead (negative cable)

and all the connecting cables of the generator must be disconnected and the welder cables placed as near the welding points as possible.

● The radio must be turned off before the battery is disconnected.

● The anti-theft code must be re-entered before the radio will function properly.

● The electrical system in your car is designed to accomodate Volvo accessories. It also has an

accessory connector located beneath the dashboard on the driver's side.

pg. 65 Points to remember (cont.)

Weight distribution affects handling

At the specified curb weight your car has a tendency to understeer, which means that the steering wheel has to be turned more than might seem appropriate for the curvature of a bend. This ensures good stability and reduces the risk of rear wheel skid. Remember that these properties can alter with the vehicle load. The heavier the load in the trunk (max. 220 lbs, 100 kg), the less the tendency to understeer.

Handling, roadholding

Vehicle load, tire design and inflation pressure all affect vehicle handling. Therefore, check that the tires are inflated to the recommended pressure according to the vehicle load.

See "Tire pressure" section.

Loads should be distributed so that capacity weight or maximum permissible axle loads are not exceeded.

WARNING! It is recommended that tire of the same make and dimensions be used on all four wheels (including the use of snow tires). Do not use bias ply tires as this will adversely alter vehicle handling characteristics.

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Holes for roof rack

Roof rails/racks

Roof racks are available as Volvo accessories. Observe the following points when in use:

● Avoid single-point loads. Distribute the load evenly.

● Place heavier cargo at the bottom of the load.

● Observe that the center of gravity and handling are influenced by load weight.

● Increasing load size increases wind resistance and thus adversely affects fuel economy.

● Anchor the cargo correctly with appropriate tie-down equipment.

● Drive carefully. Avoid rapid starts, fast cornering and hard braking.

● Max. roof load is 220 lbs (100 kg) when Volvo approved removable roof racks are attached to the

points indicated in the illustration.

WARNING! An extra mat on the driver's floor can cause the accelerator pedal to catch. Check that the movement of the accelerator pedal is not impeded. Not more than one protective floor covering may be used at one time.

pg. 66 Emergency towing (pulling of vehicle)

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Front eyelet

Rear eyelet

Precautions when the car is in tow

● Steering must be unlocked.

● Please check with state and local authorities before attempting this type of towing, as vehicles

being towed are subject to regulations regarding maximum towing speed, length and type of towing device, lighting, etc.

● Remember that power brake and power steering assists will not be available when engine is

inoperative. Brake pedal pressure required is 3 - 4 times above normal and greater steering effort must be exerted. Automatic transmissions only:

● Gear selector in position N. Check transmission oil level (see section titled "Transmission oil".

● Maximum speed: 20 mph (30 km/h).

● Maximum distance with front wheels on ground: 20 miles (30 km).

● If the battery is dead, it is not possible to release the gear selector by pressing the brake pedal. Release

the gear selector manually, by pressing the OVERRIDE button near the base of the gear selector.

CAUTION: The towing eyelets must not be used for pulling another vehicle out of a ditch or any similar purpose involving severe strain.

Do not attempt to start the car by pushing or pulling it as damage to the three-way catalytic converter can result.

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pg. 67 Vehicle towing information

Only use flat bed equipment *

CAUTION:

● Sling-type equipment applied at the front will damage radiator and air conditioning lines.

● It is equally important not to use sling-type equipment at the rear or apply lifting equipment inside

the rear wheels; serious damage to the rear axle may result.

● If it is necessary to have your car towed, a flat bed tow truck should be used if at all possible.

● In the event that flat bed equipment is not available, the car should be towed with the rear

wheels on the ground, if at all possible.

● If it is absolutely necessary to tow the vehicle with the front wheels on the ground, please refer to the

towing information on the previous page. * If wheel lift equipment must be used, please use extreme caution to help avoid damage to the car.

WARNING! Do not use the towing eyelets on the car to pull the car up on to a flat bed tow truck.

pg. 68 Jump starting

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Jump starting

If the 12-volt booster battery to be used is in another car, check that the cars are not touching to prevent premature completion of a negative circuit. Note the position of the battery terminals and using jumper cables:

● First connect the booster battery positive (+) terminal (1) to car battery positive (+) terminal (2).

● Then connect booster battery negative (-) terminal (3) to a stationary solid metal part on the engine at

a point away from the battery (4). Do not connect the jumper cable to any part of the fuel system or to any moving parts. Avoid touching

hot manifolds. After the engine has started, first remove the negative (-) terminal jumper cable. Then remove the positive (+) terminal jumper cable.

CAUTION: Improper hook-up of jumper cables or use of other than 12-volt batteries could result in damage to equipment and/or the battery.

WARNING!

● To reduce the possibility of explosion, never expose the battery to open flame or electric spark.

● Do not smoke near the battery.

● Batteries generate hydrogen gas which is flammable and explosive.

● Battery fluid contains sulfuric acid. Do not allow the battery fluid to contact eyes, skin, fabrics or

painted surfaces. If contact occurs, flush the affected area immediately with water. Obtain medical help immediately if eyes are affected. Failure to follow the instructions for jump starting can lead to personal injury.

NOTE:

Refer to page 122 for information on properly maintaining the battery.

pg. 69 Three-way catalytic converter

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Three-way catalytic converter cautions

● Keep your engine properly tuned. Certain engine malfunctions, particularly involving the electrical,

fuel or distributor ignition systems, may cause unusually high three-way catalytic converter temperatures. Do not continue to operate your vehicle if you detect engine misfire, noticeable loss of power or other unusual operating conditions, such as engine overheating or backfiring. A properly tuned engine will help avoid malfunctions that could damage the three-way catalytic converter.

● Do not park your car over combustible materials, such as grass or leaves, which can come into contact

with the hot exhaust system and cause such materials to ignite under certain wind and weather conditions.

● Excessive starter cranking (in excess of one minute), with an intermittently firing or flooded engine,

can cause three-way catalytic converter or exhaust system overheating.

● Remember that tampering or unauthorized modification to the engine or the vehicle may be illegal

and can cause three-way catalytic converter or exhaust system overheating. This includes:

- Altering fuel injection setting or components.

- Altering emission system components or location or removing components.

- Repeated use of leaded fuel. NOTE: Unleaded fuel is required for cars with three-way catalytic converters.

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pg. 70 Brake system

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)

If the warning lamp lights up there is a malfunction of the ABS system (the standard braking system will however function) and the vehicle should be driven cautiously to a Volvo retailer for inspection. The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) helps to improve vehicle control (stopping and steering) during severe braking conditions by limiting brake lock-up. When the system "senses" impending lock-up, braking pressure is automatically modulated in order to help prevent lockup, which could lead to a skid.

The system performs a self-diagnostic test when the vehicle first reaches a speed of approximately 12 mph (20 km/h). The brake pedal will pulsate several times and a sound may be audible from the

ABS control module. This is normal.

To obtain optimal effect from the ABS system, constant pressure should be kept on the brake pedal while the system is modulating the brakes. Do not pump the brake pedal.

The switching of the ABS modulator will be audible and the brake pedal will pulsate at this time. Please be aware that ABS does not increase the absolute braking potential of the vehicle. While control will be enhanced, ABS will not shorten stopping distances on slippery surfaces.

Brake circuit malfunction

If one of the brake circuits should malfunction, the red warning light will come on, the pedal stroke increases slightly, the pedal feels softer and extra pressure is required for normal braking. If the light comes on while driving or braking, stop immediately and check the brake fluid level in the reservoir.

WARNING! If the fluid level is below the MIN mark in either section of the reservoir: DO NOT DRIVE. Tow the car to a Volvo retailer and have the brake system checked and any leakage repaired.

Moisture on brake discs and brake pads affects braking

Driving in rain and slush or passing through an automatic car wash can cause water to collect on the brake discs and pads. This will cause a delay in braking effect when the pedal is depressed. To avoid such a delay when the brakes are needed, depress the pedal occasionally when driving through rain, slush etc. This will remove the water from the brakes. Check that brake application feels normal. This should also be done after washing or starting in very damp or cold weather.

Severe strain on the brake system

The brakes will be subject to severe strain when driving in mountains or hilly areas or towing. The speed is usually low which means that the cooling of the brakes is less efficient than when driving on level roads. To reduce the strain on the brakes, it is advisable not to use the brakes excessively. Instead, shift into a lower gear, position 3 or in some cases, L (automatic transmission) and let the engine help with the braking. Do not forget that, if you are towing a trailer, the brakes will be subjected to greater load than is normal.

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If the brake power-assist does not function

The power assist to the brakes functions only when the engine is running. When the car is moving

without the engine running the brake pedal pressure required to stop the car is increased by 3-4 times and the brake pedal feels stiff.

pg. 71 Trailer towing

When preparing for trailer towing, observe the following:

NOTE: Models with automatic transmission are equipped with a transmission oil cooler as standard

equipment. This cooler helps prevent overheating of the transmission during times of increased load, as when towing a trailer.

Maximum trailer weight recommended by Volvo is:

● Trailers without brakes: 1100 lbs (500kg)

● Trailers with brakes: 2" (50 mm) ball - 3300 lbs (1500 kg), 1 7/8" (47 mm) ball - 2000 lbs (908 kg).

Observe the legal requirements of the state/province in which the vehicles are registered. All Volvo models are equipped with energy-absorbing shock-mounted bumpers. Trailer hitch installation should not interfere with the proper operation of this bumper system.

Trailer towing does not normally present any particular problems, but take into consideration:

● Increase tire pressure to recommended full. See section "Wheels and tires".

● Recommended hitch tongue load is 110 (50 kg) for trailer weights below 2,650 lbs (1,200 kg) and 165

lbs (75 kg) for trailer weights above 2,650 lbs (1,200 kg). For trailer weights between 2,650 - 3,300 lbs (1,200 - 1,500 kg) a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) should never be exceeded.

● Engine and transmission are subject to increased loads. Therefore, engine coolant temperature should

be closely watched when driving in hot climates or hilly terrain. Use lower gear and turn off air conditioner if the temperature gauge pointer enters the red range.

● Avoid overload and other abusive operation.

● Hauling a trailer affects handling, durability, and economy.

● It is necessary to balance trailer brakes with the towing vehicle brakes to provide a safe stop (check

and observe State/Local regulations).

● Do not connect the trailer's brake system directly to the vehicle's brake system.

● More frequent vehicle maintenance is required.

● Remove the ball and drawbar assembly when the hitch is not being used.

● Volvo recommends the use of synthetic engine oil when towing a trailer over long distances or in

mountainous areas. NOTE: Refer to section "Automatic transmission" for additional trailer hauling tips.

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WARNING!

● Bumper-attached trailer hitches must not be used on Volvos, nor should safety chains be attached

to the bumper.

● Trailer hitches attaching to the vehicle rear axle must not be used.

● Never connect a trailer's hydraulic brake system directly to the vehicle brake system, nor a trailer's

lighting system directly to the vehicle lighting system. Consult your nearest authorized Volvo retailer for correct installation.

pg. 72 Winter driving

Cold weather precautions

If you wish to check your car before the approach of cold weather, the following advice is worth noting:

● Make sure that the engine coolant contains at least 50 percent antifreeze: that is, 3.7 qts. (3.5 liters)

Volvo Genuine Coolant/Antifreeze. This gives protection against freezing down to -31°F (-35°C). See

section "Coolant". The use of "recycled" antifreeze is not approved by Volvo. Different types of

antifreeze may not be mixed.

● Try to keep the fuel tank well filled - this prevents the formation of condensation in the tank. In

addition, in extremely cold weather conditions it is worthwhile to add fuel line de-icer before refueling.

● The viscosity of the engine oil is important. Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil) improves cold-

weather starting as well as decreasing fuel consumption while the engine is warming up. For winter use, 5W-30 oil, particularly the synthetic type, is recommended. Be sure to use good quality oil but do not use this cold-weather oil for hard driving or in warm weather. See section "Engine oil" for more

information.

● The load placed on the battery is greater during the winter since the windshield wipers, lighting, etc.

are used more often. Moreover, the capacity of the battery decreases as the temperature drops. In very cold weather, a poorly charged battery can freeze and be damaged. It is therefore advisable to check the state of charge more frequently and spray an anti-rust oil on the battery posts.

● Volvo recommends the use of snow tires on all four wheels for winter driving - see section "Wheels

and tires".

● To prevent the washer fluid reservoir from freezing, add washer solvents containing antifreeze (see

page 121 for the location of the washer fluid reservoir). This is important since the dirt is often splashed

on the windshield during winter driving, requiring the frequent use of the washers and wipers. The Volvo Washer Solvent should be diluted as follows: Down to 14°F (-10°C): 1 part anti-freeze and 4 parts water Down to 5°F (-15°C): 1 part anti-freeze and 3 parts water Down to 0°F (-18°C): 1 part anti-freeze and 2 parts water Down to -18°F (-28°): 1 part anti-freeze and 1 part water

● Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the locks.

NOTE: Avoid the use of de-icing sprays as they can cause damage to the locks.

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W Winter/Wet mode

Enhanced Vehicle Traction This mode may be selected for starting/moving off on slippery roads. In this mode:

● In position D*, the gearbox starts in 3rd gear and changes up to 4th gear.

● In position 3*, 2nd gear is locked and there is no change up to 3rd gear.

● In position L, 1st gear is locked.

* These positions always offer the kick-down function.

pg. 73 Long distance trips

Before a long distance trip

It is always worthwhile to have your car checked at a Volvo retailer before driving long distances. Your retailer will also be able to supply you with bulbs, fuses, spark plugs and wiper blades for your use in the event that problems occur. If you prefer to check the car yourself, please note the following:

● Check that the engine runs smoothly and that fuel consumption is normal.

● Check engine oil, coolant levels, and for possible fuel leakage.

● Check transmission oil level.

● Check condition of drive belts.

● Check state of charge of battery.

● Examine tires carefully (the spare tire as well), and replace those that are worn. Check tire pressures.

● The brakes, front wheel alignment, and steering gear should be checked by your Volvo retailer only.

● Check all lights, including high beams.

● Reflective warning triangles are legal requirement in some countries.

● Have a word with your Volvo retailer concerning engine adjustments if you intend to drive in

countries where it may be difficult to obtain correct fuel.

● Consider your destination. If you will be driving through an area where snow or ice are likely to

occur, consider snow tires.

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Chapter 5 - Wheels and tires

pg. 75 Wheels and tires

Wheels and tires

The handling and riding comfort of the vehicle is dependent on the inflation pressure and the type of tires fitted. Read the following pages carefully.

General information, Wear indicator, Tire economy, Flat spots 76

Snow chains, Winter tires 77

Inflation pressure 78

Uniform tire quality grading 79

pg. 76 Wheels and tires

General information

Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the tire information label located on the rear facing side of the right front door.

The following is an example of a tire designation code 225/50R16: 225 = tire width in mm. 50 = tire profile. This is the relationship (in percent) between the section height and the width of the tire. R = radial tires. 16 = diameter in inches.

The tires have good road holding characteristics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these features on snow/ice-free surfaces. Certain models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree of winter roadholding on slippery surfaces than tires without the "all-season" rating. However, for optimum road holding on icy or snow covered roads - we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the car's road-holding and handling characteristics.

NOTE: When storing wheel/tire assemblies (e.g. winter tires and wheels), either stand the assemblies upright or suspend them off the ground. Laying wheel/tire assemblies on their sides for prolonged periods can cause wheel and/or tire damage.

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Wear indicator

The tires have a so-called "wear indicator" in the form of a number of narrow strips running across or parallel to the tread. When approx. 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on the tread, these strips show up and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread have a very poor grip in rain or snow. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent alteration of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.

To improve tire economy:

● Maintain correct tire pressure.

● Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard braking and tire screeching.

● Tire wear increases with speed.

● Correct front wheel alignment is very important.

● Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy and driving comfort.

● If the wheels are rotated, they should be kept on the same side of the car so that they revolve in the

same direction as prior to rotation.

● Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the tires and/or wheels permanently.

Flat spots

All tires become warm during use. After cooling, when the vehicle is parked, the tires have a tendency to distort slightly, forming flat spots. These flat spots can cause vibrations similar to the vibrations caused by unbalanced wheels. They do, however, disappear when the tire warms up. The degree to which the flat spots form depends on the type of cord used in the tire. Remember that, in cold weather, it takes longer for the tire to warm up and consequently longer for the flat spot to disappear.

CAUTION: The car must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions. The use of different size wheels can seriously damage your car's transmission.

pg. 77 Wheels and tires (cont.)

Snow chains

Snow tire chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions:

● Snow chains should be installed on front wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snow chains.

● Snow chains may be mounted on tire dimension 195/65R15. Tire dimension 205/55R16 requires a

special type of snow chain. Consult your Volvo retailer. Snow chains may not be used on 205/55R16 tires. If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and are of a size different than the original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Snow chains cannot be used on those turbo-charged models fitted with all-season tires 225/50R16 or 225/45R17 or 225/40R18. Sufficient clearances between chains and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.

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● Some strap-on type chains will interfere with brake components and therefore CANNOT be used.

Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.

CAUTION:

● Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before installing.

● Always follow the chains manufacturer's installation instructions carefully. Install chains as tightly

as possible and re-tighten periodically.

● Never exceed the chain manufacture's specified maximum speed limit. (Under no circumstances

should that limit be higher than 30 mph (45 km/h).

● Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns when driving with snow chains.

● The handling of the vehicle can be adversely affected when driving with chains. Avoid fast or

sharp turns as well as locked wheel braking.

Snow tires, studded tires *

Tires for winter use: Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained periods of snow or icy driving conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help retain the highest degree of traction.

It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help retain traction during cornering, braking and accelerating. Failure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe level or adversely affect handling. Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively affect overall tire road grip. Volvo

recommends 195/65 R15 winter tires on 15" steel wheels on all C70 models including those equipped with 16", 17" or 18" wheels.

Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They should be removed when the winter driving season has ended.

Studded tires should be run-in 300-600 miles (500-1000 km) during which the car should be driven as smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportunity to seat properly in the tires. The car tires should have the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime. In other words, if you wish to rotate the wheels, make sure that the same wheels are always on the same side of the car.

NOTE: Please consult state or local regulations restricting the use of studded winter tires before installing such tires.

* Where permitted

pg. 78 Wheels and tires (cont.)

Checking and correcting tire pressure

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● Check the tire pressure when refueling.

● The tire pressure should be corrected only when the tires are cold.

● With warm tires, correct only when the pressure is too low. The tire temperature rises after driving

just a few miles.

Vehicle Loading

The tires on your Volvo will perform to specifications at all normal loads when inflated as recommended on the tire information label* located on the rear facing edge of the passenger's door. This label lists both the tire and vehicle design limits. Do not load your car beyond the load limits indicated.

* Please note that the tire information label indicates pressures for both comfort and fuel economy.

Tire pressure label

pg. 79 Wheels and tires (cont.)

Uniform tire quality grading

ALL PASSENGER CAR TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES

TREADWEAR

The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test course. For example, a tire graded at 150 would wear one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and many depart significantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.

TRACTION The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have

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poor traction performance.

WARNING! The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turning) traction.

TEMPERATURE The temperature grades are AA (the highest), A, B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.

WARNING! The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.

Contents | Top of Page

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Volvo C70 1998 Owner Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1998 Volvo C70

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