Vermont Casting 968, 1910 User Manual
Vermont Castings Defiant
Defiant
Woodburning Stove
Model 1910
Homeowner’s
Installation and
Operating
Manual
0968
SAFETY NOTICE: IF THIS APPLIANCE IS NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED,
OPERA TED AND MAINTAINED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT.
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE INST ALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.
FAILURE TO FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN PROPERTY DAMAGE,
BODILY INJURY OR EVEN DEATH. CONTACT LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIALS
ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN
YOUR AREA.
For use in the
United States and Canada
Do Not Discard This Manual: Retain for Future Use
2000968 1/02 Rev. 4
1
Vermont Castings Defiant
Welcome
Congratulations on your choice of a Vermont Castings Defiant stove. With this purchase you have made a commitment to make the hearth a place of warmth, beauty and comfort in your home. At Vermont Castings, we share that joy
and appreciation for the hearth. We assure you that your cast-iron Vermont Castings stove has been made with the
utmost care and will provide you with many years of service.
As you become acquainted with your new stove, you will find that its appearance is matched by its functionality, due to
cast iron’s unique ability to absorb and radiate heat.
Also, Vermont Castings products are among the cleanest-burning wood stoves and fireplaces available today. As an
owner of a Vermont Castings stove, you make a strong statement for pollution-free energy. However, clean burning
depends on both the manufacturer and the operator. Please read this manual carefully to understand how to properly
operate and maintain your stove.
At Vermont Castings, we are equally committed to your satisfaction as a customer. That is why we maintain an
exclusive network of the finest dealers in the industry. Our dealers are chosen for their expertise and dedication to
customer service. They are factor-trained and knowledgeable about every Vermont Castings product. Feel free to
contact your Authorized Vermont Castings Dealer anytime you have a particular question about your stove or its
performance.
This manual contains valuable instructions on the installation and operation of your Vermont Castings Defiant. It also
contains useful information on maintenance. Please read the manual thoroughly and keep it as a reference.
Sincerely,
All of Us at Vermont Castings
This manual describes the installation, operation, and maintenance of the Vermont Castings Defiant Model 1910
catalytic-equipped wood burning heater. This heater meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s emission
limits for wood heaters sold on or after July 1, 1990. Under specific test conditions this heater has been shown to
deliver heat at rates ranging from 10,600 to 44,400 Btu/hr.
The Defiant Model #1910 has been tested and is listed by Warnock Hersey, Inc. The test standards are ANSI/UL-1482 and ANSI/UL-737 for the United States, and ULC S627 and CAN/CSAB366.2 for Canada. The Defiant is listed for burning wood only. Do not burn other fuels. The
Defiant is approved for use in manufactured (mobile) homes only in the United States, and only
when installed with Vermont Castings Mobile Home Kit No. 1902.
We recommend that you hire a professional installer certified by the Wood Heat Education and Research Foundation (WHERF) or the Wood Energy Technical Training (WETT) to install your stove, or to advise you on the installation should you attempt to install it yourself.
Please read this entire manual before you install and use your new stove. Failure to follow instructions may result
in property damage, bodily injury, or even death.
Save These Instructions for Future Reference
2
Vermont Castings Defiant
The Story of the Defiant
No wood-burning appliance, save for Ben Franklin’s Pennsylvania Fireplace, has a stronger heritage than the Ver-
mont Castings Defiant. Named for a 19th-century steamship, the original Vermont Castings Defiant Wood Stove came
to epitomize America’s resolve and independence during the Energy Crisis of the 1970s.
The year was 1975. With energy prices going through the roof, and not an attractive or efficient wood stove to be
found anywhere, two entrepreneurs set out to create a stove that was a thing of beauty as well as utility. Finely crafted
from cast iron, the Defiant was the first wood stove to combine an artistically designed exterior with a methodically
engineered interior, using new technologies for efficient combustion.
Americans purchased over a quarter-million Defiants, as they rediscovered the common sense of heating with wood,
a home-grown fuel with none of the political and economic entanglements of foreign oil.
Thirteen years later, in 1988, Vermont Castings ‘retired’ the Defiant, replacing it with modern wood-burners such as
the Encore.
With its 1998 return, the new Defiant incorporates all the finest aesthetic, convenience, and performance features to
be found on any wood stove. In a sense, the new Defiant has been 23 years in the making.
Due to its significant role in American history, the original model Defiant is in the permanent collection of the
Smithsonian Institution. Each new purchase of the Defiant stove continues that history.
Table of Contents
Specifications .................................... 4
Installation ......................................... 5
Clearance Charts ............................ 12
Assembly......................................... 16
Operation ........................................ 17
Maintenance.................................... 26
Appendix: Catalytic Combustor....... 32
Appendix:
Chimney & Fireplace Hazards ... 33
Parts Diagram ................................. 34
Installation Accessories
#1560 Warming Shelf
#1902 Mobile Home Kit
#1904 Outside Air Adaptor
#1905 Bottom Heat Shield Kit
#1906 Rear Heat Shield Kit
#1907 Firescreen
#1860 6" x 12" Oval Starter Pipe
A line of porcelain enamel stove pipe is available in Sand, Blue, and Forest Green colors.
3
Vermont Castings Defiant
DEFIANT
Defiant, Model 1910
Specifications
Range of heat output.......... 10,600 to 44,400 Btu’s/hr.*
Maximum heat output........................ 55,000 Btu’s/hr.**
Area heated............................ Up to 2,400 Square feet
Fuel Size/type ................................. 22 - 24” hardwood
Fuel capacity ................................................50 pounds
Loading ...................................................... Front or top
Chimney Connector:
for 8” flue collar..................... 8” (200mm) diameter
for 6” flue collar..................... 6” (150mm) diameter
Chimney Flue Size:
with 8” Chimney Connector . 8” (200mm) minimum
with 6” Chimney Connector . 6” (150mm) minimum
Flue exit position ............................................. Top only
Primary Air... Manually set, thermostatically maintained
Secondary Air........................................ Self-regulating
Ash handling system .....................Removable ash pan
Glass panels ....................... High-temperature ceramic
Weight ................................................480 lbs. (220kg.)
Width (leg to leg) ...................................... 33” (826mm)
Depth (leg to leg)................................... 19¹⁄₂” (362mm)
Height to top of flue collar ..................... 30¹⁄₂” (775mm)
* This value can vary depending on how the stove is
operated, the type and moisture content of the fuel
used, as well as the design, construction and climatic
location of your home. Figures shown are based on
maximum fuel consumption obtained under laboratory
conditions and on average efficiencies.
** These values are based on operation in building
code-conforming homes under typical winter climate
conditions in New England If your home is of nonstandard construction (e.g. unusually well insulated, not
insulated, built underground, etc.) or if you live in a
more severe or more temperate climate, these figures
may not apply. Since so many variables affect performance consult your Vermont Castings’ Authorized
Dealer to determine realistic expectations for your
home.
U.S. and foreign design and mechanical patents
pending.
3³⁄₄"
(96mm)
Fig. 1 Defiant dimensions.
4
(546mm)
DEFIANT
19¹⁄₄"
(489mm)
21¹⁄₂"
18¹⁄₄"
(464mm)
28¹⁄₂"
(724 mm)
31"
(788mm)
32¹⁄₂"
(826 mm)
21¹⁄₂"
(546mm)
Drawing Not to Scale
0968
Installation
Vermont Castings Defiant
SAFETY NOTICE: IF YOUR DEFIANT IS NOT
PROPERLY INSTALLED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY
RESULT. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE,
FOLLOW THE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.
CONTACT LOCAL BUILDING OR FIRE OFFICIALS
ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION
INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN YOUR AREA.
Before you begin an installation, be sure that:
• Your stove and chimney connector will be far
enough from combustible material to meet all
clearance requirements.
• The floor protector is large enough and is con-
structed properly to meet all requirements.
• You have all necessary permits from local authori-
ties.
Your local building official is the final authority for
approving your installation as safe and determining that
it meets local and state codes.
The metal label permanently attached to the back
of every Vermont Castings' stove indicates that the
stove has been tested to current UL and ULC standards, and gives the name of the testing laboratory.
Clearance and installation information also is printed on
the label. When the stove is installed according to the
information both on the label and in this manual, local
authorities usually will accept the label as evidence that
the installation meets codes and can be approved.
However, codes vary in different areas. Before
starting the installation, review your plans with the local
building authority. Your local dealer can provide any
additional information needed.
For any unresolved installation issues, refer to the
National Fire Protection Association’ s publication
NFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents
and Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.
equivalent publication is
CSA CAN-B365 Installation
For Canada, the
Code for Solid Fuel Burning Appliances and Equipment.
These standards are the basis for many national codes.
They are nationally recognized and are accepted by
most local authorities. Your local dealer or your local
building official may have a copy of these regulations.
ANSI/
Outside Air
In some modern, super-insulated homes, there is
inadequate air supply for combustion because of
insufficient air infiltration into the building. Such air
enters a home through unsealed cracks and openings.
Exhaust fans for kitchen or bath can compete with the
stove for available air and compound the problem.
When poor draft is caused by a low infiltration rate,
opening a ground floor window on the windward side of
the house and near the stove will usually alleviate the
problem.
A better solution is to install a permanent outside air
supply to the stove and/or room. In fact, bringing air for
combustion from outside the home directly to the air inlet
of the stove is required for new construction in some
areas.
Pressure variations within the house do not affect a
stove equipped with an outside air supply, and improved stove performance often results. An Outside Air
Adaptor Kit for the Defiant is available from your local
Vermont Castings dealer.
Chimney Height
Altitude affects chimney performance. When using an
8" oval to 6" flue collar adapter on the Defiant, refer to
Figure 1 for suggested chimney heights at various
altitudes. Chimney height should be measured from the
flue collar to the top of the chimney. The recommended
minimum chimney height is 16 feet (5 meters).
30
25
20
Height
15
IMPORTANT: FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN A
DANGEROUS SITUATION, INCLUDING A CHIMNEY
OR HOUSE FIRE. FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS
EXACTLY, AND DO NOT ALLOW MAKESHIFT
COMPROMISES TO ENDANGER PROPERTY AND
PERSONAL SAFETY.
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
ST491
Fig. 2 Chimney height requirements with 6” chimney and/or
chimney connector.
Altitude
5
Vermont Castings Defiant
What Kind of Chimney to Use
You must connect the Defiant to a code-approved
masonry chimney with a flue liner, to a relined masonry
chimney that meets local codes, or to a prefabricated
metal chimney that complies with the requirements for
Type HT chimneys in the Standard for Chimneys,
Factory-Built, Residential Type and Building Heating
Appliance, UL 103. Fig. 2 illustrates the two types. The
chimney and chimney connector must be in good
condition and kept clean.
If you use an existing masonry chimney, it must be
inspected to ensure it is in a safe condition before the
stove is installed. Your local professional chimney
sweep, building inspector, or fire department official will
be able to inspect the chimney or provide a referral to
someone who can. See 'Chimney and Fireplace
Hazards, in the appendix, for particulars.
A prefabricated doublewall insulated chimney
Masonry Chimneys
An inspection of the chimney must confirm that it has a
lining. Do not use an unlined chimney. The chimney
must have no cracks, loose mortar, other signs of
deterioration, or blockage. Repair any defects before
using the chimney with your stove.
Seal any unused openings in an existing masonry
chimney with masonry to the thickness of the chimney
wall, and repair the chimney liner. Openings sealed
with pie plates or wallpaper are a hazard and must be
sealed with mortar or refractory cement. In a chimney
fire, flames and smoke may be forced out of these
unused thimbles.
The chimney should be thoroughly cleaned before
use.
A newly-built masonry chimney must conform to
the standards of your local building code or, in the
absence of a local code, to a recognized national code.
Masonry chimneys must be lined, either with codeapproved masonry or pre-cast refractory tiles, stainless
steel pipe, or a code-approved, “poured-in-place” liner.
The chimney’s clean-out door must seal tightly. A loose
or leaky clean-out door can weaken chimney draft to
the stove, causing performance problems.
A tile-lined
masonry
chimney
ST241
Fig. 2 Approved chimney types.
The chimney must extend at least 3' (900 mm)
above the highest point where it passes through or
past a roof, and at least 2' (600 mm) higher than any
part of a building within 10' (3 m) horizontally. (Fig. 3)
For proper draft and good performance, any
chimney used with a Defiant should extend at least 16
feet (5 m) above the flue collar of the stove.
0 TO 10'
2' Min.
3'
Min.
Reference
Point
Fig. 3 The 2’-3’10’ Chimney Rule.
0 TO 10'
2' Min.
3'
Min.
AC617
Prefabricated Chimneys
A prefabricated metal chimney must be one tested and
listed for use with solid-fuel burning appliances to the
High-Temperature (H.T.) Chimney Standard UL-1031985 (2100° F.) for the United States, and High
Temperature (650˚C) Standard ULC S-629 for Canada.
DO NOT CONNECT THIS UNIT TO A CHIMNEY
FLUE SERVING ANOTHER APPLIANCE.
Chimney Size
The Defiant is approved for venting into a masonry
chimney with a nominal flue size of 8" x 8" (200 x 200
mm) or 8" x 12" (200 x 300 mm), and into a round flue
with nominal flue size of 8" (200 mm). A Defiant with a
6" (150 mm) flue collar adapter is approved for venting
into a masonry chimney with a nominal flue size of 8" X
8" (200 X 200 mm), and into a round flue with nominal
flue size of 6" (150 mm).
NOTE: When installed with a 6" flue collar
adapter, the Defiant may not be operated with the
front doors open.
Whatever the flue collar size, a Defiant may be
vented into larger chimneys as well. However, chimneys with liners larger than 8" x 12" (200 x 300 mm)
may experience rapid cooling of smoke and reduction
in draft, especially if the chimneys are located outside
the home. These large chimneys may need to be
insulated or have their flues relined for proper stove
performance.
6
Vermont Castings Defiant
Accessories to help make the connection between
stainless steel chimney liners and your Defiant are
available through your local dealer.
Chimney Connector Guidelines
A chimney connector is the single-wall pipe that
connects the stove to the chimney. The chimney itself
is the masonry or prefabricated structure that encloses
the flue. Chimney connectors are used only to connect
the stove to the chimney.
Single-wall connectors should be made of 24 gauge
or heavier steel. Do not use galvanized connector; it
cannot withstand the high temperatures that smoke and
exhaust gases can reach, and may release toxic fumes
under high heat. The connector may be 6" (150 mm) or 8
" (200 mm) in diameter.
If possible, do not pass the chimney connector
through a combustible wall or ceiling. If passage
through a combustible wall is unavoidable, refer to the
section on Wall Pass-Throughs. Do not pass the
connector through an attic, a closet or similar concealed space. The whole connector should be exposed and accessible for inspection and cleaning.
In horizontal runs of chimney connector, maintain a
distance of 24" (610 mm) from the ceiling. Keep it as
short and direct as possible, with no more than two 90
degree turns. Slope horizontal runs of connector
upward 1/4" per foot (20 mm per meter) going from the
stove toward the chimney. The recommended maximum length of a horizontal run is 3 feet (1 meter), and
the total length of the chimney connector should be no
longer than 8 feet (2.5 meters). In cathedral ceiling
installations, extend the prefabricated chimney downward to within 8 feet (2.5 meters) of the stove. This will
help maintain a good draft by keeping the smoke warm,
so that it rises readily.
Wear gloves and protective eyewear when drilling,
cutting or joining sections of chimney connector.
Single-wall Chimney Connectors
• Begin assembly at the flue collar of the stove. Insert
the first crimped end into the stove’s flue collar, and
keep each crimped end pointing toward the stove.
Fig. 4. Use the holes in the flue collar as guides to
drill 1/8" (3 mm) holes in the bottom of the first
section of chimney connector and secure it to the
flue collar with three #10 x 1/2" sheet metal screws.
Lift off the griddle, and shield the stove's surface
between the griddle opening and the front of the
flue collar to protect the finish when you drill the
front hole.
• Fasten each joint between sections of chimney
connector, including telescoping joints, with at least
three sheet metal screws. Holes in the top of each
section of chimney connector serve as guides when
you drill 1/8" (3 mm) holes in the bottom of the next
section.
• Fasten the chimney connector to
the chimney.
Instructions for
Toward
Stove
various installations follow. Fig. 5
illustrates the
general layout of
chimney connector
parts.
Flue Gas
Direction
• Be sure the
installed stove and
chimney connector
are correct dis-
ST242
Fig. 4 Chimney connector.
tances from nearby combustible materials.
NOTE: Special slip pipes and thimble sleeves that form
telescoping joints between sections of chimney connector are available to simplify installations. They often
eliminate the need to cut individual connector sections.
Consult your local dealer about these special pieces.
Securing the Single-wall Connector to a
Prefabricated Chimney
Follow the installation instructions of the chimney
manufacturer exactly as you install the chimney. The
manufacturer of the chimney will supply the accessories to support the chimney, either from the roof of the
house, at the ceiling of the room where the stove is
installed, or from an exterior wall.
Special adaptors are available from the chimney
manufacturer to make the connection between the
prefabricated chimney and the chimney connector.
The top of such adaptors attaches directly to the
chimney or to the chimney’s ceiling support package,
while the bottom of the adaptor is screwed to the
chimney connector.
These adaptors are designed so the top end will fit
outside the inner wall of the chimney, and the bottom
end will fit inside the first section of chimney connector.
When assembled in this way, any soot or
7
Vermont Castings Defiant
DEFIANT
Chimney
Elbow
Slip Pipe
Standard
Connector
Oval to
Round Adaptor
Flue Collar
Fig. 5 An exploded view of the chimney connection in a
freestanding masonry installation.
Thimble
Flue
Flue
Inner
ST492
Securing the Single-wall Connector to a
Masonry Chimney
Both freestanding masonry chimneys and fireplace
masonry chimneys may be used for your installation.
Freestanding Installations
If the chimney connector must pass through a combustible wall to reach the chimney, follow the recommendations in the Wall Pass-Through section that follows.
The opening through the chimney wall to the flue
(the “breach”) must be lined with either a ceramic or
metal cylinder, called the “thimble”, which is cemented
securely in place. Most chimney breaches incorporate
thimbles, but the fit must be snug and the joint between
the thimble and the chimney wall must be cemented
firmly.
A special piece called the “thimble sleeve,” slightly
smaller in diameter than standard connectors and most
thimbles, will ease the removal of the chimney connector system for inspection and cleaning. (Fig. 6) Thimble
sleeves should be available from your local dealer.
To install a thimble sleeve, slide it into the breach
until it is flush with the inner flue wall. Don’t extend it
into the actual flue passage, as this could interfere with
the draft.
The thimble sleeve should protrude 1-2" (25-50
mm) into the room. Use furnace cement and thin
gasketing to seal the sleeve in place in the thimble.
Secure the chimney connector to the outer end of the
sleeve with sheet metal screws.
8
Thimble
Sleeve
Flue
Chimney
Connector
Keep
sleeve
end flush
with flue
tile
ST243
Fig. 6 The thimble, made of either ceramic or metal, must be
cemented securely in place.
Without a thimble, a suitable length of chimney
connector can be extended through the breach to the
inner face of the flue liner, and cemented securely in
place. Additional pieces of connector are then attached
with sheet metal screws.
Fireplace Installations
The chimney connector may be connected to the
chimney above the fireplace opening
.
Above the Fireplace
The Defiant may be connected to a chimney above a
fireplace opening. In such installations, the stove
stands on the hearth in front of the fireplace and the
chimney connector rises from the stove top and then
angles ninety degrees back into the chimney. The
chimney liner should extend to the point at which the
chimney connector enters the chimney. (Fig. 7)
Check These
Clearances
*
*
Mantel
DEFIANT
Fig. 7 In this installation, the chimney connector attaches to
the chimney above the fireplace opening.
Seal
This Off
ST244a
Vermont Castings Defiant
If the chimney connector in your installation enters
the chimney above a fireplace, follow all the guidelines
mentioned above for freestanding installations. In
addition, give special consideration to the following
points:
• Check the clearance between the stove and
the chimney connector, and any combustible trim or
the mantel.
• Check the clearance between the chimney
connector and the ceiling. The clearance should be
at least 18" (457 mm).
• The fireplace damper must be sealed to keep
room air from escaping up the flue. However, it
must be possible to reopen the damper to inspect
or clean the chimney.
Through the Fireplace
Installations through the fireplace opening have not
been tested or approved.
Wall pass-Throughs
Whenever possible, design your installation so that
the connector does not pass through a combustible
wall. If you are considering a wall pass-through in your
installation, check with your building inspector before
you begin. Also, check with the chimney connector
manufacturer for any specific requirements.
Accessories are available for use as wall pass-
throughs. If using one of these, make sure it has been
tested and listed for use as a wall pass-through.
In the United States, the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) has established guidelines for
passing chimney connectors through combustible walls.
Many building code inspectors follow these guidelines
when approving installations.
Figure 8 shows one NFPA-recommended method.
All combustible material in the wall is cut away from the
single-wall connector to provide the required 12" (300
mm) clearance. Any material used to close up the
opening must be noncombustible.
Three other methods are also approved by the
NFPA:
• Placing a section of chimney connector inside a
ventilated thimble, which in turn is separated from
combustibles by 6" (150 mm) of fiberglass insulating material.
• Placing a section of chimney connector inside a
section of 9" (230 mm) diameter, solid-insulated,
factory-built chimney, with two inches of air space
between the chimney section and combustibles.
• Using a section of solid-insulated double-wall High
Temperature chimney, with an inside diameter the
same as the chimney connector, at least one inch
of solid insulation, and a minimum of 9 inches
(229mm) air space between the outer wall of the
chimney section and combustibles.
Wall Stud
Chimney
Connector
T
12” of
Noncombustible
Material
ST493
Floor
Protection
D
E
F
I
A
N
Fig. 8 an approved wall pass-through for the United States.
In Canada, The Canadian Standards Association
has established different guidelines for wall passthroughs. Figure 9 shows one method, in which all
combustible material in the wall is cut away to provide
the required 18" (460 mm) clearance for the connector.
The resulting space must remain empty. A flushmounted sheet metal cover may be used on one side
only. If covers must be used on both sides, each cover
must be mounted on noncombustible spacers at least
1" (25 mm) clear of the wall.
Your local dealer or your local building inspector
can provide details for other approved methods of
passing a chimney connector through a combustible
wall in your area. In Canada, this type of installation
must conform to CAN/CSA-B365, Installation Code for
Solid Fuel Burning Appliances and Equipment.
18” (460mm) clearance
between pipe and
sides/top/bottom of
opening
D
E
F
I
A
N
Fig. 9 An approved wall pass-through for Canada.
T
ST494
9
Vermont Castings Defiant
C
NOTE: Do not vent your Defiant into a factory-built
(zero-clearance) fireplace. These appliances and their
chimneys are specifically designed as a unit for use as
fireplaces. It may void the listing or be hazardous to
adapt them for any other use.
DO NOT CONNECT A DEFIANT TO ANY AIR
DISTRIBUTION DUCT OR SYSTEM.
Floor Protection
A tremendous amount of heat radiates from the
bottom plate of your Defiant. The floor area directly
under and around the stove will require protection from
radiant heat as well as from stray sparks or embers
that may escape the firebox.
Heat protection is provided through the use of a
Vermont Castings Bottom Heat Shield #1905. Spark
and ember protection must be provided by a floor
protector constructed with noncombustible materials as
specified.
Most installations will require that the bottom heat
shield be attached. Only when the stove is placed on a
completely noncombustible surface such as unpainted
concrete over earth may it be used without the heat
shield.
Even when the bottom heat shield is installed, you
must provide special protection to the floor beneath.
For installation with the heat shield attached, use a
noncombustible floor protector such as 1/4” nonasbestos mineral board or equivalent, or 24 gauge
sheet metal. The floor protector may be covered with a
noncombustible decorative material if desired. Do not
obstruct the space under the heater.
Protection requirements vary somewhat between
the United States and Canada as follows:
In U.S. installations, the floor protector is required
under the stove and must extend at least 16 inches
(not including the ash lip) from the front of the stove
('F', Fig. 10), and at least 6 inches from the sides and
rear ('D' and 'E', Fig. 10).
It must also extend under the chimney connector
and 2 inches to either side ('C', Fig. 10). For the 8"
(200 mm) connector, the protector must be a minimum
of 12" (300 mm) wide. For the 6" (150 mm) connector,
the protector must be 10" (250 mm) wide. The protector must be centered under the connector.
To meet these requirements, a floor protector must
be at least 42" wide and 43" deep.
In Canada, a noncombustible floor protector is required
under the heater also. The floor protector must extend
18 inches (460 mm) to the front ('F', Fig. 10), and 8
inches (203 mm) from the sides and rear ('D' and 'E',
Fig. 10).
To meet these requirements, a floor protector must
be at least 46" (1168 mm) wide and 47" (1194 mm)
deep.
A
D
B
E
F
U.S. Canada
A. 42” 46” (1168mm)
B. 43” 47” (1194mm)
C. 12” 12” (300mm) 8” Connector
10” 10” (250mm) 6” Connector
D. 6” 8” (203mm)
E. 6” 8” (203mm)
F. 16” 18” (460mm)
Fig. 10 Required floor protector dimensions.
E
ST495/496
Floor Protection for Fireplace Installation
Do not assume that your fireplace hearth is completely
noncombustible. Many fireplace hearths do not satisfy
the “completely noncombustible’ requirement because
the brick or concrete in front of the fireplace opening is
supported by heavy wood framing. Be cause heat
passes readily through brick or concrete, it can easily
pass through to the wood. As a result, such fireplace
hearths can be a fire hazard and are considered a
combustible floor.
For all fireplace installations, follow the floor protection
guidelines described above. Keep in mind that many
raised hearths will extend less than the required
clearance form the front of the heater. In such cases,
sufficient floor protection as described above must be
added in front of the hearth to satisfy the minimum
floor protector requirement from the front of the stove:
16” (410mm) in the United States and 18” (460mm) in
Canada. Hearth rugs do not satisfy the requirement for
floor protection as they are not fire proof.
Fireplace installation also have special clearance
requirements to the side walls, side decorative trim and
fireplace mantel. Refer to the information on fireplace
and mantel trim shields in this section.
10
Vermont Castings Defiant
Keep the Stove a Safe Distance from
Surrounding Materials
Both a stove and its chimney connector radiate
heat in all directions when operating, and nearby
combustible materials can overheat dangerously if they
are too close to the heat source. A safe installation
requires that adequate clearance be maintained
between the hot stove and its connector and nearby
combustibles.
Clearance is the distance between either your
stove or chimney connector, and nearby walls, floors,
the ceiling, and any other fixed combustible surface.
The Defiant has specific clearance requirements that
have been established after careful research and
testing. These clearance requirements must be strictly
observed.
In addition, keep furnishings and other combustible
materials away from the stove. In general, a distance of
48" (1220 mm) must be maintained between the stove
and moveable combustible items such as drying
clothes, furniture, newspapers, firewood, etc. Keeping
those clearance areas empty assures that nearby
surfaces and objects will not overheat.
Safe Ways to Reduce Clearances
Clearance requirements are established to meet
every installation possibility, and they involve the
combination of these variables:
• When the stove has no listed heat shield
mounted on it.
• When the wall has no heat shield mounted on it.
• When the wall has a heat shield mounted on it.
• When the wall and stove have heat shields.
In general, the greatest clearance is required when
you place a stove and its connector near a wall with no
heat shield.
For example, when the Defiant is installed parallel
to the rear wall and no shield is used, it must be at least
33" (815 mm) from the wall behind it and at least 24"
(610 mm) from walls on either side.
If the Defiant is installed in a corner and no shield is
used, the corners of the stove must be at least 23" (585
mm) from nearby walls.
Clearances may be reduced only by means approved by the regulatory authority, and in accordance
with the clearances listed in this manual. See pages 10
- 13 for approved clearance reduction specifications.
Use only Vermont Castings Defiant Rear Heat
Shield #000-1906.
Wall Shields
One way to reduce clearances is with a wall shield
constructed of 24 gauge or heavier sheet metal, or of
another noncombustible material such as 1/2" (13 mm)
insulation board such as Durock® or Wonderboard®, or
common brick “laid on flat,” with the 3¹⁄₂" (90 mm) side
down.
Shields must be spaced out from the combustible
surface 1" (25 mm) on noncombustible spacers, as in
Figure 11. The spacers should not be directly behind
the stove or chimney connector.
Air must be able to flow between the wall and the
shield. At least 50% of the bottom 1" (25 mm) of the
shield must be open, and the shield must be open at
the top. Metal screening across the top will keep small
stray objects from being trapped behind the shield.
(Fig. 12)
The shield must be a minimum of 48" (1220 mm)
tall, and must extend at least 20¹⁄₂" (520mm) higher
than the top of the stove, whichever is higher. The
shield behind the chimney connector must be 30" (760
mm) wide, centered behind the pipe; for installations
that use an approved prefabricated chimney to pass
through the ceiling, the shield behind the chimney
connector must stop 1" (25 mm) below the ceiling.
Air Flow
Screen
Stud Wall
Framing
Wall Shield
Noncombustible Spacers
and Fasteners
Drywall
Air Flow
Fig. 11 Approved wall shield construction.
Shield
Metal Spacer
ST248
NOTE: ALCOVE INSTALLATION OF THE DEFIANT
IS NOT PERMITTED.
11
Vermont Castings Defiant
Defiant Clearance Chart
for use with either a 6” or 8” flue collar/chimney connection
Unprotected Surfaces Protected Surfaces
Stove Clearance
No stove
heat shields
Stove with rear heat
shield, no connector
heat shields
Stove with rear heat
shield, and heat shields
on connector
Stove with rear heat
shield, and double-wall
chimney connector*
Stove Installed
Parallel to Wall
Side Rear Corners Side Rear Corners
(A) 24” (B) 33” (C) 23” (D) 14” (E) 28” (F) 18”
(610 mm) (840 mm) (585 mm) (355 mm) (710 mm) (460 mm)
(G) 24” (H) 21” (I) 17” (J) 14” (K) 17” (L) 12”
( 610 mm) (533 mm) (430 mm) (355 mm) (430 mm) (305 mm)
(M) 24” (N) 17” (O) 17” (P) 14” (Q) 17” (R) 12”
(610 mm) (430 mm) (430 mm) (355 mm) (430 mm) (305 mm)
(S) 24” (T) 17” (U) 17” (V) 14” (W) 15” (X) 12”
(610 mm) (430 mm) (430 mm) (355 mm) (380 mm) (305 mm)
Stove
in
Corner
Stove Installed
Parallel to Wall
Stove
in
Corner
Chimney Connector Clearance
Unprotected Vertical Surfaces Protected Vertical Surfaces
Single-wall connector
Single-wall connector;
rear heat shield on
stove only
Single-wall connector with
shields, and rear heat
shield on stove
Double-wall chimney
connector
Single-wall connector
30” (760 mm) 25” (635 mm)
18” (460 mm) 14” (355 mm)
14” (355 mm) 14” (355 mm)
14” (355 mm) 12” (305 mm)
Unprotected or Protected Ceiling Surfaces
Clearance to Combustibles in Front of Stove
* Using a listed double wall oval to round connector.
12
All Installations
18” (460 mm)
48” (1220 mm)
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