Vermont Casting 1945 User Manual

5 (1)
Vermont Casting 1945 User Manual

Defiant

Woodburning Stove

Model 1945

Homeowner’s

Installation and

Operating Manual

For use in the

United States and Canada

SAFETY NOTICE: IF THIS APPLIANCE IS NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED, OPERATED AND MAINTAINED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT.

TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. FAILURE TO FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN PROPERTY DAMAGE, BODILY INJURY OR EVEN DEATH. CONTACT LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIALS ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN YOUR AREA.

Do Not Discard This Manual: Retain for Future Use

30001693 1/07 Rev. 17

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Welcome

Congratulations on your choice of a Vermont Castings Defiant stove. With this purchase you have made a commitment to make the hearth a place of warmth, beauty and comfort in your home. At CFM Corporation, we share that joy and appreciation for the hearth. We assure you that your cast-iron Vermont Castings stove has been made with the utmost care and will provide you with many years of service.

As you become acquainted with your new stove, you will find that its appearance is matched by its functionality, due to cast iron’s unique ability to absorb and radiate heat.

Also, CFM Corporation products are among the cleanest-burning wood stoves and fireplaces available today. As an owner of a Vermont Castings stove, you make a strong statement for pollution-free energy. However, clean burning depends on both the manufacturer and the operator. Please read this manual carefully to understand how to properly operate and maintain your stove.

At CFM Corporation, we are equally committed to your satisfaction as a customer. That is why we maintain an exclusive network of the finest dealers in the industry. Our dealers are chosen for their expertise and dedication to customer service. They are factory-trained and knowledgeable about every CFM Corporation product. Feel free to contact your Authorized Vermont Castings Dealer anytime you have a particular question about your stove or its performance.

This manual contains valuable instructions on the installation and operation of your Vermont Castings Defiant. It also contains useful information on maintenance. Please read the manual thoroughly and keep it as a reference.

Sincerely,

All of Us at CFM Corporation

This manual describes the installation, operation, and maintenance of the Vermont Castings Defiant Model 1945 cata- lytic-equipped wood burning heater. This heater meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s emission limits for wood heaters sold on or after July 1, 1990. Under specific test conditions this heater has been shown to deliver heat at rates ranging from 10,600 to 55,000 Btu/hr.

The Defiant Model #1945 has been tested and is listed by Canadian Standards Association (CSA). The test standards are ANSI/UL-1482 and ANSI/UL-737 for the United States, and ULC S627 and CAN/CSA-B366.2 for Canada. The Defiant is listed for burning wood only. Do not burn other fuels. The Defiant is approved for use in manufactured (mobile) homes only in the United States, and only when installed with Vermont Castings Mobile Home Kit No. 1900.

We recommend that you hire a professional installer certified by the Wood Heat Education and Research Foundation (WHERF) or the Wood Energy Technical Training (WETT) to install your stove, or to advise you on the installation should you attempt to install it yourself.

Please read this entire manual before you install and use your new stove. Failure to follow instructions may result in property damage, bodily injury, or even death.

Save These Instructions for Future Reference

2

30001693

Defiant Woodburning Stove

The Story of the Defiant

No wood-burning appliance, save for Ben Franklin’s Pennsylvania Fireplace, has a stronger heritage than the Vermont Castings Defiant. Named for a 19th-century steamship, the original Vermont Castings Defiant Wood Stove came to epitomize America’s resolve and independence during the Energy Crisis of the 1970s.

The year was 1975. With energy prices going through the roof, and not an attractive or efficient wood stove to be found anywhere, two entrepreneurs set out to create a stove that was a thing of beauty as well as utility. Finely crafted from cast iron, the Defiant was the first wood stove to combine an artistically designed exterior with a methodically engineered interior, using new technologies for efficient combustion.

Americans purchased over a quarter-million Defiants, as they rediscovered the common sense of heating with wood, a home-grown fuel with none of the political and economic entanglements of foreign oil.

Thirteen years later, in 1988, Vermont Castings ‘retired’ the Defiant, replacing it with modern wood-burners such as the Encore.

With its 1998 return, the new Defiant incorporates all the finest aesthetic, convenience, and performance features to be found on any wood stove. In a sense, the new Defiant has been 23 years in the making.

Due to its significant role in American history, the original model Defiant is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Each new purchase of the Defiant stove continues that history.

Table of Contents

 

Specifications .................................................

4

Installation ......................................................

5

Clearance Charts .........................................

14

Assembly......................................................

18

Operation......................................................

19

Maintenance.................................................

29

Appendix: Catalytic Combustor....................

35

Appendix:

 

Chimney & Fireplace Hazards ...............

36

Parts Diagram ..............................................

37

Proposition 65 Warning: Fuels used in gas, woodburning or oil fired appliances, and the products of combustion of such fuels, contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm.

California Health & Safety Code Sec. 25249.6

Installation Accessories

Warming Shelf

 

#1560 Classic

#1562 Sand

#1555 Biscuit

#1565 Bordeaux

#1556 Chestnut Brown

#1566 Forest Green

#1557 Ebony

#1567 Midnight Blue

#1558 Vt. Classic Green

#1568 Suede Brown

#1900 Mobile Home Kit

 

#1904 Outside Air Adapter

 

#1905 Bottom Heat Shield Kit

#1901 Rear Heat Shield Kit

#1907 Firescreen

#1860 6” x 12” Oval Starter Pipe

A line of porcelain enamel stove pipe is also available.

30001693

3

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Specifications

Defiant, Model 1945

EPA Emissions rating

........................................

8 GPH*

Range of heat output...........

10,600 to 44,400 Btu’s/hr.*

Maximum heat output........................

 

55,000 Btu’s/hr.**

Area heated.........................

Up to 2,400 Square feet***

Fuel Size/type...................................

 

22 - 24” hardwood

Fuel capacity ................................................

 

50 pounds

Loading.......................................................

 

Front or top

Chimney Connector:

 

 

for 8” flue collar .....................

 

8” (200mm) diameter

Chimney Flue Size:

 

 

with 8” Chimney Connector...

8” (200mm) minimum

with 6” Chimney Connector...

6” (150mm) minimum

Flue exit position ........................................

 

Top or Rear

Primary Air... Manually set, thermostatically maintained

Secondary Air.........................................

Self-regulating

Ash handling system .....................

Removable ash pan

Glass panels........................

High-temperature ceramic

Weight ................................................

480 lbs. (220kg.)

Width (leg to leg) ......................................

33” (826mm)

Depth (leg to leg)...................................

19¹⁄ ” (362mm)

Height to top of flue collar......................

30¹⁄ ” (775mm)

*Under specific conditions during EPA emissions testing.

**This value can vary depending on how the stove is operated, the type and moisture content of the fuel used, as well as the design, construction and climatic location of your home. Figures shown are based on maximum fuel consumption obtained under laboratory conditions and on average efficiencies.

***These values are based on operation in building code-conforming homes under typical winter climate conditions in New England. If your home is of nonstandard construction (e.g. unusually well insulated, not insulated, built underground, etc.) or if you live in a more severe or more temperate climate, these figures may not apply. Since so many variables affect performance consult your Authorized Dealer to determine realistic expectations for your home.

U.S. and foreign design and mechanical patents pending.

Drawing Not to Scale

21 "

18 " (546mm) (464mm)

23 "

3 "

21 "

31"

(591mm)

(96mm)

(546mm)

(788mm)

DEFIANT

 

D E F I A N T

 

29"

 

 

 

(737mm)

 

 

28 "

 

30 "

 

 

 

(724 mm)

 

(768mm)

 

C

 

 

 

 

 

L

 

 

 

25 "

 

 

 

(654mm)

 

 

 

19 "

19 "

32 "

(489mm)

(489mm)

(826 mm)

1693

Fig. 1 Defiant dimensions.

4

30001693

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Installation

SAFETY NOTICE: IF YOUR DEFIANT IS NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. CONTACT LOCAL BUILDING OR FIRE OFFICIALS ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN YOUR AREA.

Before you begin an installation, be sure that:

Your stove and chimney connector will be far enough from combustible material to meet all clearance requirements.

The floor protector is large enough and is constructed properly to meet all requirements.

You have all necessary permits from local authorities.

Your local building official is the final authority for approving your installation as safe and determining that it meets local and state codes.

The metal label permanently attached to the back of every Vermont Castings’ stove indicates that the stove has been tested to current UL and ULC standards, and gives the name of the testing laboratory. Clearance and installation information also is printed on the label. When the stove is installed according to the information both on the label and in this manual, local authorities usually will accept the label as evidence that the installation meets codes and can be approved.

However, codes vary in different areas. Before starting the installation, review your plans with the local building authority. Your local dealer can provide any additional information needed.

For any unresolved installation issues, refer to the National Fire Protection Association’s publication ANSI/NFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. For Canada, the equivalent publication is CSA CAN-B365 Installation Code for Solid Fuel Burning Appliances and Equipment. These standards are the basis for many national codes. They are nationally recognized and are accepted by most local authorities. Your local dealer or your local building official may have a copy of these regulations.

IMPORTANT: Failure to follow these installation instructions may result in a dangerous situation, including a chimney or house fire. Follow all instructions exactly, and do not allow makeshift compromises to endanger property and personal safety.

Outside Air

In some modern, super-insulated homes, there is inadequate air supply for combustion because of insufficient air infiltration into the building. Such air enters a home through unsealed cracks and openings. Exhaust fans for kitchen or bath can compete with the stove for available air and compound the problem.

When poor draft is caused by a low infiltration rate, opening a ground floor window on the windward side of the house and near the stove will usually alleviate the problem.

A better solution is to install a permanent outside air supply to the stove and/or room. In fact, bringing air for combustion from outside the home directly to the air inlet of the stove is required for new construction in some areas.

Pressure variations within the house do not affect a stove equipped with an outside air supply, and improved stove performance often results. An Outside Air Adapter Kit for the Defiant is available from your local dealer.

Chimney Height

Altitude affects chimney performance. When using an 8” oval to 6” flue collar adapter on the Defiant, refer to Figure 1 for suggested chimney heights at various

altitudes. Chimney height should be measured from the flue collar to the top of the chimney. The recommended minimum chimney height is 16 feet (5 meters).

 

30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Height

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

 

ST491

 

 

 

 

Altitude

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 2 Chimney height requirements with 6” chimney and/or chimney connector.

30001693

5

Defiant Woodburning Stove

What Kind of Chimney to Use

You must connect the Defiant to a code-approved masonry chimney with a flue liner, to a relined masonry chimney that meets local codes, or to a prefabricated metal chimney that complies with the requirements for Type HT chimneys in the Standard for Chimneys, Factory-Built, Residential Type and Building Heating Appliance, UL 103. Figure 3 illustrates the two types. The chimney and chimney connector must be in good condition and kept clean.

If you use an existing masonry chimney, it must be inspected to ensure it is in a safe condition before the stove is installed. Your local professional chimney sweep, building inspector, or fire department official will be able to inspect the chimney or provide a referral to someone who can. See “Chimney and Fireplace hazards”, in the appendix, for particulars.

A prefabricated doublewall insulated chimney

A tile-lined masonry chimney

ST241

Fig. 3 Approved chimney types.

The chimney must extend at least 3’ (194 mm) above the highest pint where it passes through or past a roof, and at least 3’ (610 mm) higher than any part of a building within 10’ (3 m) horizontally. (Fig. 4)

For proper draft and good performance, any chimney used with a Defiant should extend at least 16’ (5 m) above the flue collar of the stove.

 

0 To 10'

 

 

2' Min. 3'

0 To 10'

 

Min.

 

 

 

2' Min. 3'

 

 

Min.

 

Reference

 

 

Point

AC617

 

 

Fig. 4

The 2’-3’10’ Chimney Rule.

 

6

 

 

Masonry Chimneys

An inspection of the chimney must confirm that it has a lining. Do not use an unlined chimney. The chimney should have no cracks, loose mortar, other signs of deterioration, and blockage. Repair any defects before the chimney is used with your stove.

Unused openings in an existing masonry chimney must be sealed with masonry to the thickness of the chimney wall, and the chimney liner should be repaired. Openings sealed with pie plates or wallpaper are a hazard and should be sealed with mortar or refractory cement. In the event of a chimney fire, flames and smoke may be forced out of these unused thimbles.

The chimney should be thoroughly cleaned before use.

A newly-built masonry chimney must conform to the standards of your local building code or, in the absence of a local code, to a recognized national code. Masonry chimneys must be lined, either with code-approved masonry or pre-cast refractory tiles, stainless steel pipe, or a code-approved, “poured-in-place” liner. The chimney’s clean-out door must seal tightly. A loose or leaky clean-out door can weaken chimney draft to the stove, causing performance problems.

Prefabricated Chimneys

A prefabricated metal chimney must be one tested and listed for use with solid-fuel burning appliances to the High-Temperature (H.T.) Chimney Standard UL-103- 1985 (2100°F) for the United States, and High Temperature (650°C) Standard ULC S-629 for Canada.

DO NOT CONNECT THIS UNIT TO A CHIMNEY FLUE SERVING ANOTHER APPLIANCE.

Chimney Size

An Defiant with an 8” (203 mm) flue collar is approved for venting into a masonry chimney with a nominal flue size of 8” x 8” (203 x 203 mm) or 8” x 12” (203 x 305 mm), and into a round flue with nominal flue size of 8” (203 mm). An Defiant with a 6” (152 mm) flue collar is approved for venting into a masonry chimney with a nominal flue size of 8” x 8” (203 x 203 mm), and into a round flue with nominal flue of 6” (152 mm).

NOTE: When installed with a 6” flue collar, the Defiant may not be operated with the front doors open.

Whatever the flue collar size, an Defiant may be vented into larger chimneys as well. However, chimneys with liners larger than 8” x 12” (203 x 305 mm) may experience rapid cooling of smoke and reduction in draft, especially if the chimneys are located outside the home. These large chimneys may need to be insulated

or have their flues relined for proper stove performance.

30001693

Accessories to help make the connection between stainless steel chimney liners and your Defiant are available through your local dealer.

Chimney Connector Guidelines

A chimney connector is the single-wall pipe that connects the stove to the chimney. The chimney itself is the masonry or prefabricated structure that encloses the flue. Chimney connectors are used only to connect the stove to the chimney.

Single-wall connectors should be made of 24 gauge or heavier steel. Do not use galvanized connector; it cannot withstand the high temperatures that can be reached by smoke and exhaust gases, and may release toxic fumes under high heat. The connector may be 6” (152 mm) or 8 “ (203 mm) in diameter.

If possible, do not pass the chimney connector through a combustible wall or ceiling. If passage through a combustible wall is unavoidable, refer to the section on Wall Pass-Throughs. Do not pass the connector through an attic, a closet or similar concealed space. The whole connector should be exposed and accessible for inspection and cleaning.

In horizontal runs of chimney connector, maintain a distance of 24” (610 mm) from the ceiling. Keep it as short and direct as possible, with no more than two 90° turns. Slope horizontal runs of connector upward 1/4” per foot (6mm per meter) going from the stove toward the chimney. The recommended maximum length of a horizontal run is 3’ (1 m), and the total length should be no longer than 8’ (2.4 m). In cathedral ceiling installations, extend the prefabricated chimney downward to within 8’ (2.4 m) of the stove. This will help maintain a good draft by keeping the smoke warm, so that it rises readily.

Wear gloves and protective eyewear when drilling, cutting or joining sections of chimney connector.

Single-wall Chimney Connectors

Begin assembly at the flue collar of the stove. Insert the first crimped end into the stove’s flue collar, and keep each crimped end pointing toward the stove.

(Fig. 5) Using the holes in the flue collar as guides, drill 1/8” (3mm) holes in the bottom of the first section of chimney connector and secure it to the flue collar with three #10 x 1/2” sheet metal screws.

Lift off the griddle, and shield the stove’s surface between the griddle opening and the front of the flue collar to protect the finish when you drill the front hole.

Fasten each joint between sections of chimney connector, including telescoping joints, with at least three (3) sheet metal screws. The pre-drilled holes in the top of each section of chimney connector serve as guides when you drill 1/8” (3mm) holes in the bottom of the next section.

30001693

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Fasten the chimney connector to the chimney. Instructions for various installations follow. Figure 5 illustrates the general layout of chimney connector parts.

Be sure the installed stove and chimney connector are correct distances from nearby combustible materials.

NOTE: Special slip pipes and thimble sleeves that form telescoping joints between sections of chimney connector are available to simplify installations. They often eliminate the need to cut individual connector sections. Consult your local dealer about these special pieces.

Toward

Stove

Flue Gas

Direction

ST242

Fig. 5 Chimney connector.

Securing the Single-wall Connector to a Prefabricated Chimney

Follow the installation instructions of the chimney manufacturer exactly as you install the chimney. The manufacturer of the chimney will supply the accessories to support the chimney, either from the roof of the house, at the ceiling of the room where the stove is installed, or from an exterior wall.

Special adapters are available from your local dealer to make the connection between the prefabricated chimney and the chimney connector. The top of such adapters attaches directly to the chimney or to the chimney’s ceiling support package, while the bottom of the adapter is screwed to the chimney connector.

These adapters are designed so the top end will fit outside the inner wall of the chimney, and the bottom end will fit inside the first section of chimney connector.

Securing the Single-wall Connector to a Masonry Chimney

Both freestanding masonry chimneys and fireplace masonry chimneys may be used for your installation.

Freestanding Installations

If the chimney connector must pass through a combustible wall to reach the chimney, follow the recommendations in the Wall Pass-Through section that follows. The opening through the chimney wall to the flue

(the “breech”) must be lined with either a ceramic or metal cylinder, called the “thimble”, which is cemented securely in place. Most chimney breeches incorporate thimbles, but the fit must be snug and the joint between the thimble and the chimney wall must be cemented

firmly.

7

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Chimney

Flue

 

Elbow

Flue In-

 

 

ner

Slip Pipe

Standard

Thimble

 

Connector

 

Oval to

 

Round Adapter

 

 

Flue Collar

ST492

Fig. 6 An exploded view of the chimney connection in a freestanding masonry installation.

A special piece called the “thimble sleeve,” slightly smaller in diameter than standard connectors and most thimbles, will facilitate the removal of the chimney connector system for inspection and cleaning. (fig. 7) Thimble sleeves should be available from your local dealer.

To install a thimble sleeve, slide it into the breech until it is flush with the inner flue wall. Do not extend it into the actual flue passage, as this could interfere with the draft.

The thimble sleeve should protrude 1-2” (25-50 mm) into the room. Use furnace cement and thin gasketing to seal the sleeve in place in the thimble. Secure the chimney connector to the outer end of the sleeve with sheet metal screws.

Thimble Sleeve

Flue

Chimney Connector

Keep

sleeve end flush with flue tile

ST243

Fig. 7 The thimble, made of either ceramic or metal, must be cemented securely in place.

Without a thimble, a suitable length of chimney connector can be extended through the breech to the inner face of the flue liner, and cemented securely in place. Additional pieces of connector are then attached with sheet metal screws.

Fireplace Installations

The chimney connector may be connected to the chimney above the fireplace opening or through the fireplace.

Above the Fireplace

The Defiant may be connected to a chimney above a fireplace opening. (Fig. 8) In such installations, the

stove is positioned on the hearth in front of the fireplace and the chimney connector rises from the stove top and then angles ninety degrees back into the chimney. The chimney liner should extend to the point at which the chimney connector enters the chimney.

Check These

Clearances *

*

Mantel

• • • • • • •

Seal

 

This Off

ST244a

Fig. 8 In this installation, the chimney connector attaches to the chimney above the fireplace opening.

If the chimney connector in your installation enters the chimney above a fireplace, follow all the guidelines mentioned above for freestanding installations. In addition, give special consideration to the following points:

Check the clearance between the stove and the chimney connector, and any combustible trim or the mantel.

Check the clearance between the chimney connector and the ceiling. The clearance should be at least 24” (610 mm).

The fireplace damper must be sealed to prevent room air from escaping up the flue. However, it must be possible to re-open the damper to inspect or clean the chimney.

8

30001693

Through the Fireplace

If your fireplace opening height is at least 29" (737 mm), you may install a Defiant through the opening using a “positive connection” kit, available from your local dealer. Positive connection kits ensure a tight fit between the stove flue collar and the chimney flue. (Fig. 9)

Fireplace installations, whether connected to the flue above or through the fireplace opening, have special clearance requirements to adjacent trim and the mantel. You’ll find the required safe clearances for Defiant fireplace installations on Page 12.

Floor protection requirements also apply to fireplace installations. This information is on Page 10.

Flexible

Connector

Mantel Shield

Fireplace Adapter

Kit “Positive

Connection”

ST245

Fig. 9 Through the fireplace installation.

Wall Pass-Throughs

Whenever possible, design your installation so the connector does not pass through a combustible wall. If you are considering a wall pass-through in your installation, check with your building inspector before you begin.

Also, check with the chimney connector manufacturer for any specific requirements.

Accessories are available for use as wall passthroughs. If using one of these, make sure it has been tested and listed for use as a wall pass-through.

In the United States, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has established guidelines for passing chimney connectors through combustible walls. Many building code inspectors follow these guidelines when approving installations.

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Figure 10 shows one NFPA-recommended method. All combustible material in the wall is cut away from the single-wall connector to provide the required 12” (305 mm) clearance. Any material used to close up the opening must be noncombustible.

Wall Stud

Chimney

Connector

DEFIAN

12” of Noncombustible Material

Floor Protection

ST493

Fig. 10 An approved wall pass-through for the United States.

Three other methods are also approved by the NFPA:

Placing a section of chimney connector inside a ventilated thimble, which in turn is separated from combustibles by 6” (152mm) of fiberglass insulating material.

Placing a section of chimney connector inside a section of 9” (230mm) diameter, solid-insulated, factory-built chimney, with 2” (50mm) of air space between the chimney section and combustibles.

Using a section of solid-insulated double-wall high temperature chimney, with an inside diameter the same as the chimney connector, at least one inch of solid insulation, and a minimum of 9” (229 mm) air space between the outer wall of the chimney section and combustibles.

In Canada, The Canadian Standards Association has established different guidelines for wall pass-throughs. Figure 11 shows one method, in which all combustible material in the wall is cut away to provide the required 18” (457mm) clearance for the connector. The resulting space must remain empty. A flush-mounted sheet metal cover may be used on one side only. If covers must be used on both sides, each cover must be mounted on noncombustible spacers at least 1” (25mm) clear of the wall.

30001693

9

Defiant Woodburning Stove

18” (460mm) clearance between pipe and sides/top/bottom of opening

T

DEFIAN

ST494

Fig. 11 An approved wall pass-through for Canada.

Your local dealer or your local building inspector can provide details for other approved methods of passing a chimney connector through a combustible wall in your area. In Canada, this type of installation must conform to CAN/CSA-B365, Installation Code for Solid Fuel Burning Appliances and Equipment.

NOTE: Do not vent your Defiant into a factory-built (zero-clearance) fireplace. These appliances and their chimneys are specifically designed as a unit for use as fireplaces. It may void the listing or be hazardous to adapt them for any other use.

DO NOT CONNECT THE DEFIANT TO ANY AIR DISTRIBUTION DUCT OR SYSTEM.

Floor Protection

A tremendous amount of heat radiates from the bottom plate of your stove. The floor area directly under and around the stove will require protection from radiant heat as well as from stray sparks or embers that may escape the firebox.

Heat protection is provided through the use of a Vermont Castings Bottom Heat Shield #1905. Spark and ember protection must be provided by a floor protector constructed with noncombustible material as specified.

Most installations will require the bottom heat shield be attached. Only when the stove is placed on a completely noncombustible surface such as unpainted concrete over earth may it be used without the heat shield.

Even when the bottom heat shield is installed, you must provide special protection to the floor beneath. For installations with the heat shield attached, use a noncombustible floor protector such as 1/4” nonasbestos mineral board or equivalent, or 24 gauge sheet metal. The floor protector may be covered with a noncombustible decorative material if desired. Do not obstruct the space under the heater.

Protection requirements vary somewhat between the Untied States and Canada as follows:

In U. S. installations the floor protector is required under the stove and must extend at least 16” (not including the ash lip) from the front of the stove (“F”, Fig. 12), and at least 6” from the sides and rear. (“D” and “E”, Fig. 12)

It must also extend under the chimney connector and 2” to either side. (“C”, Fig. 12) For the 8” (203 mm) connector, the protector must be a minimum of 12” (305 mm) wide. For the 6” (152 mm) connector, the protector must be 10” (254 mm) wide. The protector must be centered under the connector.

To meet these requirements, a floor protector must be at least 42” wide and 43” deep.

In Canada: A noncombustible floor protector is required under the stove as well. The floor protector must extend 18” (457 mm) to the front (“F”, Fig. 12), and 8”

(203 mm) from the sides and rear. (“D” and “E”, Fig. 12)

To meet these requirements, a floor protector must be at least 46” (1168 mm) wide and 47” (1194 mm) deep.

 

 

 

 

 

C

 

 

D

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B

 

 

E

 

 

E

E

 

E

 

F

 

 

 

F

 

 

A

 

 

 

A

 

 

U.S.

 

Canada

 

 

A.

42”

 

46”

(1168 mm)

 

 

B.

43”

 

47”

(1194 mm)

 

 

C.

12”

 

12”

(305 mm)

8” Connector

 

 

10”

 

10”

(254 mm)

6” Connector

 

D.

6”

 

8”

(203 mm)

 

 

E.

6”

 

8”

(203 mm)

 

 

F.

16”

 

18”

(460 mm)

ST500

Fig. 12

Required floor protection dimensions.

 

Floor Protection for Fireplace Installation

Do not assume that your fireplace hearth is completely noncombustible. Many fireplace hearths do not satisfy the “completely noncombustible’ requirement because the brick or concrete in front of the fireplace opening is supported by heavy wood framing. Because heat passes readily through brick or concrete, it can easily pass through to the wood. As a result, such fireplace

hearths can be a fire hazard and are considered a combustible floor.

10

30001693

For all fireplace installations, follow the floor protection guidelines described above. Keep in mind that many raised hearths will extend less than the required clearance from the front of the heater. In such cases, sufficient floor protection as described above must be added in front of the hearth to satisfy the minimum floor protector requirement from the front of the stove: 16” (410mm) in the United States and 18” (460mm) in Canada. Hearth rugs do not satisfy the requirement for floor protection as they are not fire proof.

Fireplace installations also have special clearance requirements to the side walls, side decorative trim and fireplace mantel. Refer to the information on fireplace and mantel trim shields in this section.

Keep the Stove a Safe Distance from Surrounding Materials

Both a stove and its chimney connector radiate heat in all directions when operating, and nearby combustible materials can overheat dangerously if they are too close to the heat source. A safe installation requires that adequate clearance be maintained between the hot stove and its connector and nearby combustibles.

Clearance is the distance between either your stove or chimney connector, and nearby walls, floors, the ceiling, and any other fixed combustible surface. The Defiant has specific clearance requirements that have been established after careful research and testing. These clearance requirements must be strictly observed.

In addition, keep furnishings and other combustible materials away from the stove. In general, a distance of 48” (1220 mm) must be maintained between the stove and moveable combustible items such as drying clothes, furniture, newspapers, firewood, etc. Keeping those clearance areas empty assures that nearby surfaces and objects will not overheat.

Safe Ways to Reduce Clearances

Clearance requirements are established to meet every installation possibility, and they involve the combination of these variables:

When the stove has no listed heat shield mounted on it.

When the wall has no heat shield mounted on it.

When the wall has a heat shield mounted on it.

When the wall and stove have heat shields.

In general, the greatest clearance is required when you place a stove and its connector near a wall with no heat shield.

For example, when the Defiant is installed parallel to the rear wall and no shield is used, it must be at least 33” (815 mm) from the wall behind it and at least 24” (610 mm) from walls on either side.

Defiant Woodburning Stove

If the Defiant is installed in a corner and no shield is used, the corners of the stove must be at least 23” (585 mm) from nearby walls.

Clearances may be reduced only by means approved by the regulatory authority, and in accordance with the clearances listed in this manual. Refer to Pages 10 - 13 for approved clearance reduction specifications.

Use only Vermont Castings Defiant Rear Heat Shield #000-1901.

NOTE: Alcove installation of the Defiant is not permitted.

Wall Shields

One way to reduce clearances is with a wall shield constructed of 24 gauge or heavier sheet metal, or of another noncombustible material such as 1/2” (13 mm) insulation board such as Durock® or Wonderboard®, or common brick “laid on flat,” with the 3¹⁄ " (90 mm) side down.

Shields must be spaced out from the combustible surface 1" (25 mm) on noncombustible spacers, as in Figure 13. The spacers should not be directly behind the stove or chimney connector.

Air must be able to flow between the wall and the shield. At least 50% of the bottom 1" (25 mm) of the shield must be open, and the shield must be open at the top. Metal screening across the top will keep small stray objects from being trapped behind the shield. (Fig. 13)

The shield must be a minimum of 48" (1220 mm) tall, and must extend at least 20¹⁄ " (520mm) higher than the top of the stove, whichever is higher. The shield behind the chimney connector must be 30" (760 mm) wide, centered behind the pipe; for installations that use an approved prefabricated chimney to pass through the ceiling, the shield behind the chimney connector must stop 1" (25 mm) below the ceiling.

Air Flow

Screen

Wall Shield

Stud Wall

Framing

Noncombus-

 

tible Spacers

Shield

and Fasteners

 

 

Metal Spacer

Drywall

 

Air Flow

ST248

Fig. 13 Approved wall shield construction.

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11

Defiant Woodburning Stove

Fireplace and Mantel Trim Shields

A fireplace installation requires special clearance between the side of the stove and the right and left walls, between the side of the stove and the decorative side trim on the fireplace face, and between the top of the stove and the mantel.

Noncombustible shields installed 1” (25 mm) away from the combustible surface on noncombustible spacers, called ventilated shields, may be used to reduce clearances.

To protect a mantel from the heat of a stove in a fireplace installation, use a custom-made ventilated mantel shield that is at least 48” (1220 mm) long, centered over the stove. (Fig. 14) Ventilated shields for side trim must extend the full length of the trim.

1" (25mm)

 

1/4" (6mm)

ST501

Fig. 14 A custom-formed mantel shield.

An unprotected mantel (“A”, Fig. 15) cannot be more than 9” (230 mm) deep and must have a minimum clearance of 39” (991 mm), measured from the stove’s top plate. With a ventilated shield, this clearance may be reduced safely to 23” (584 mm).

Unprotected top trim (B) protruding 9” (230 mm) or less from the face of the fireplace must be a minimum of 39” (991 mm) from the stove’s top surface. With a ventilated trim shield, this clearance may be reduced safely to 23” (584 mm).

Unprotected side trim (C) that protrudes 2” (51 mm) or less from the face of a fireplace must have a minimum clearance of 14” (356 mm), measured from the stove’s top side edge. With a ventilated trim shield, the clearance may be reduced safely to 6” (152 mm). If the trim extends more than 2” (51 mm), it is subject to the requirements for wall clearance.

The charts and sample installations that follow list all the clearances required for the various installation configurations of the Defiant.

 

A

B

 

C

 

 

C

 

 

 

ST253b

Fireplace and Mantel Trim Clearances

 

Unprotected

Protected

A. Mantel

39” (991 mm)

23” (584 mm)

B. Top Trim

39” (991 mm)

23” (584 mm)

C. Side Trim

14” (356 mm)

6” (152 mm)

Fig. 15 Maintain clearances to combustible components of the mantelpiece.

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