Vermont Casting 1610CE User Manual

Defiant

Non-Catalytic
Woodburning Stove

Model 1610CE

Homeowner’s
Installation and
Operating Manual

For use in Europe

SAFETY NOTICE: IF THIS APPLIANCE IS NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED, OPERATED AND
MAINTAINED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT.
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. FAILURE TO
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN PROPERTY DAMAGE, BODILY INJURY OR EVEN
DEATH. CONTACT LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIALS ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION
INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN YOUR AREA.

Do Not Discard This Manual: Retain for Future Use

30003846 4/08 Rev. 1

Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

Welcome

Congratulations on your choice of a Vermont Castings Defiant stove. With this purchase you have made a commit­ment to make the hearth a place of warmth, beauty and comfort in your home. At CFM Corporation, we share that joy
and appreciation for the hearth. We assure you that your cast-iron Vermont Castings stove has been made with the
utmost care and will provide you with many years of service.

As you become acquainted with your new stove, you will find that its appearance is matched by its functionality, due to
cast iron’s unique ability to absorb and radiate heat.

Also, CFM Corporation products are among the cleanest-burning wood stoves and fireplaces available today. As an
owner of a Vermont Castings stove, you make a strong statement for pollution-free energy. However, clean burning
depends on both the manufacturer and the operator. Please read this manual carefully to understand how to properly
operate and maintain your stove.

At CFM Corporation, we are equally committed to your satisfaction as a customer. That is why we maintain an ex
clusive network of the finest dealers in the industry. Our dealers are chosen for their expertise and dedication to
customer service. They are factory-trained and knowledgeable about every CFM Corporation product. Feel free to
contact your Authorized Vermont Castings Dealer anytime you have a particular question about your stove or its
performance.

This manual contains valuable instructions on the installation and operation of your Vermont Castings Defiant. It also
contains useful information on maintenance. Please read the manual thoroughly and keep it as a reference.

Sincerely,

-

All of Us at CFM Corporation

This manual describes the installation, operation, and maintenance of the Vermont Castings Defiant Model 1610CE
non-catalytic wood burning heater. This heater meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s emission limits for
wood heaters sold on or after July 1, 1990. Under specific test conditions this heater has been shown to deliver heat
at rates up to 14.5 kW (49,500 BTU/hr).

The Defiant Model #1610CE has been tested to current standards. The test standards are UL-1482 and UL-737 for
the United States, and EN13240:2001 + A2:2004 for Europe. The Defiant is listed for burning wood only. Do not burn
other fuels. The Defiant is not approved for use in manufactured (mobile) homes.

We recommend that you hire a professional installer to install your stove, or to advise you on the installation should
you attempt to install it yourself.

Please read this entire manual before you install and use your new stove. Failure to follow instructions may result in
property damage, bodily injury, or even death.

Save These Instructions for Future Reference

2

30003846

Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

The Story of the Defiant

No wood-burning appliance, save for Ben Franklin’s Pennsylvania Fireplace, has a stronger heritage than the Ver­mont Castings Defiant. Named for a 19th-century steamship, the original Vermont Castings Defiant Wood Stove came
to epitomize America’s resolve and independence during the Energy Crisis of the 1970s.

The year was 1975. With energy prices going through the roof, without an attractive or efficient wood stove to be
found anywhere, two entrepreneurs set out to create a stove that was both beautiful and highly functional. Finely
crafted from cast iron, the Defiant was the first wood stove to combine an artistically designed exterior with a methodi­cally engineered interior, using new technologies for efficient combustion.

Americans purchased over a quarter-million Defiants, as they rediscovered the common sense of heating with wood,
a home-grown fuel with none of the political and economic entanglements of foreign oil.

Thirteen years later, in 1988, Vermont Castings ‘retired’ the Defiant, replacing it with modern wood-burners such as
the Encore.

With its 1998 return, a new Defiant incorporated all the finest aesthetic, convenience, and performance features to be
found on any wood stove. After continued development, this Defiant model 1610CE non-catalytic model continues the
tradition of the original Defiant while incorporating the very latest combustion technology. In a sense, the new Defiant
has been 23 years in the making.

Due to its significant role in American history, the original model Defiant is in the permanent collection of the Smithso
nian Institution. Each new purchase of the Defiant stove continues that history.

-

Table of Contents

Specifications .................................................4

Installation ......................................................5

Assembly ...................................................... 12

Operation ......................................................14

Draft Management ........................................19

Maintenance ................................................. 21

Replacement Parts ....................................... 25

Warranty .......................................................

28

Installation Accessories

Warming Shelf
#0210 Classic Black
#0211 Biscuit
#0212 Midnight Blue
#0213 Ebony
#0214 Bordeaux
#0215 Chestnut Brown
#0216 Vt. Classic Green
#3265 Outside Air Kit
#1860 6” x 12” Oval Starter Pipe
#2767 Fan Kit
#0178 Flue Collar Heat Shield
#0168 Connector Pipe Heat Shield

A line of porcelain enamel stove pipe is available
in Biscuit, Bordeaux, Chestnut Brown, Ebony,
Midnight Blue, Vt.Classic Green colors.

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Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

D E F I A N T

822 mm (32")

733 mm

(28")

800 mm (31")

130 mm (5")

483 mm (19")

457 mm

(18")

603 mm

(23")

759 mm

(29")

D E F I A N T

600 mm (23")

483 mm (19")

660 mm

(26")

C

L

733 mm

(28")

Rear Venting

Specifications

Defiant, Model 1610CE

Nominal heat output .............14.5 kW (49,500 BTU/hr)

Mnimum flue draught .......................12 Pa (0.048” WG)

Mean flue gas temp ..............................419° C (786° F)

Efficiency (space heating) ...................................72.3%

Area heated .............................223 sq m (2,400 sq. ft.)

Fuel size/type .................................610 mm (24”) wood

Flue mass gas flow ..........................................10.8 g/s

CO emissions (@13% O2) .............................1600 ppm

Loading .....................................................Front and top

Chimney Connector:

for 8” flue collar .................... 203 mm (8”) diameter

Chimney Flue Size:
with 8” Chimney Connector ..203 mm (8”) minimum
with 6” Chimney Connector ..152 mm (6”) minimum

Flue exit position ........................................ Top or Rear

Primary Air ...............................................Manual contol

Secondary Air ...............................Fixed, self-regulating

Ash handling system .....................Removable ash pan

Glass panels ........................ High-temperature ceramic

1

Weight .................................................222 kg (490 lbs)

Width (leg to leg) .................................. 822 mm (32³⁄₈”)

Depth (leg to leg) ..................................... 483 mm (19”)

Height to top of flue collar ..................... 759 mm (29⁷⁄₈”)

1

1. This value can vary depending on how the stove
is operated, the type and moisture content of the fuel
used, as well as the design, construction and climatic
location of your home. Figures shown are based on
nominal fuel consumption obtained under laboratory
conditions and on average efficiencies.

Drawing Not to Scale

Fig. 1 Defiant NC dimensions.

4

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Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

30

25

20

15

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Height

Altitude

Installation

SAFETY NOTICE: IF YOUR DEFIANT IS NOT PROP­ERLY INSTALLED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT.
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. CONTACT LOCAL
BUILDING OR FIRE OFFICIALS ABOUT RESTRIC­TIONS AND INSTALLATION INSPECTION REQUIRE­MENTS IN YOUR AREA.

Before you begin an installation, be sure that:

• Your stove and chimney connector will be far

enough from combustible material to meet all clear­ance requirements.

• The floor protector is large enough and is construct-

ed properly to meet all requirements.

• You have all necessary permits from local authori-

ties.

Your local building official is the final authority for ap­proving your installation as safe and determining that it
meets local and state codes.

The metal label permanently attached to the back of
every Vermont Castings’ stove indicates the stove has
been tested to current standards. The test standard
is EN13240:2001 + A2:2004 for Europe. Clearance
and installation information also is printed on the label.
When the stove is installed according to the information
both on the label and in this manual, local authorities
usually will accept the label as evidence that the instal­lation meets codes and can be approved.

However, codes vary in different countries. Before
starting the installation, review your plans with the local
building authority. Your local dealer can provide any ad-

ditional information needed.

IMPORTANT: Failure to follow these installation
instructions may result in a dangerous situation, in­cluding a chimney or house fire. Follow all instruc­tions exactly, and do not allow makeshift compro­mises to endanger property and personal safety.

Outside Air

In some modern, super-insulated homes, there may be
inadequate air supply for combustion because of insuf­ficient air infiltration into the building. Such air enters a
home through unsealed cracks and openings. Exhaust
fans in kitchens or bathrooms can compete with the
stove for available air and compound the problem.

When poor draft is caused by a low infiltration rate,
opening a ground floor window on the windward side of
the house and near the stove will usually alleviate the
problem.

For appliances with power outputs above 5 kW a
permanently open air vent is required by Section 2 of
Document J. Air inlet grilles should be positioned so
that they will not be blocked. Refer to local and national
codes for recommended configurations.

Pressure variations within the house do not affect a
stove equipped with an outside air supply, and im­proved stove performance often results. An Outside Air
Kit for the Defiant is available from your local dealer.

Chimney Height

Altitude affects chimney performance. When using a
203 mm (8”) oval to 152 mm (6”) flue collar adapter on
the Defiant, refer to Figure 1 for suggested chimney
heights at various altitudes. Chimney height should be
measured from the flue collar to the top of the chimney.
The recommended minimum chimney height is 4.8 m
(16”).

All local regulations, including those referring to national
and European standards need to be complied with when
installing this stove.

30003846

ST491

Fig. 2 Chimney height requirements with 152 mm (6”) chim­ney and/or chimney connector.

5

Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

What Kind of Chimney to Use

You must connect the Defiant to a code-approved
masonry chimney with a flue liner, to a relined masonry
chimney that meets local codes, or to a prefabricated
metal chimney. Figure 3 illustrates the two types. The
chimney and chimney connector must be in good condi­tion and kept clean.

If you use an existing masonry chimney, it must be
inspected to ensure it is in a safe condition before
the stove is installed. Your local professional chimney
sweep, building inspector, or fire department official
will be able to inspect the chimney or provide a refer­ral to someone who can. See “Chimney and Fireplace
hazards”, in the appendix, for particulars.

The flue and chimney design must meet requirement
J2, Part J of the building regulations 2000 (Combustion
Appliances and Fuel Storage Systems).

A prefabricated double­wall insulated chimney

A tile-lined
masonry
chimney

ST241

Fig. 3 Approved chimney types.

Masonry Chimneys

An inspection of the chimney must confirm that it has
a lining. Do not use an unlined chimney. The chimney
should have no cracks, loose mortar, other signs of
deterioration, and blockage. Repair any defects before
the chimney is used with your stove.

Unused openings in an existing masonry chimney must
be sealed with masonry to the thickness of the chimney
wall, and the chimney liner should be repaired. Open­ings sealed with pie plates or wallpaper are a hazard
and should be sealed with mortar or refractory cement.
In the event of a chimney fire, flames and smoke may
be forced out of these unused thimbles.

The chimney should be thoroughly cleaned before use.

A newly-built masonry chimney must conform to the
standards of your local building code or, in the absence
of a local code, to a recognized national code. Masonry
chimneys must be lined, either with code-approved
masonry or pre-cast refractory tiles, stainless steel
pipe, or a code-approved, “poured-in-place” liner. The

chimney’s clean-out door must seal tightly. A loose or
leaky clean-out door can weaken chimney draft, caus­ing performance problems.

Prefabricated Chimneys

These should be an internal diameter of 150 mm (6”)
and be of the twin wall insulated construction that has
been approved for solid fuel use (e.g. Rite Vent ICS of
ICID Lite Chimney Systems). Diameters over 200 mm
(8”) are not recommended due to the large cross-sec­tion causing excessive cooling of the flue gases.

DO NOT CONNECT THIS UNIT TO A CHIMNEY FLUE
SERVING ANOTHER APPLIANCE.

Chimney Size

A Defiant with an 203 mm (8”) flue collar is approved
for venting into a masonry chimney with a nominal flue
size of 203 x 203 mm (8” x 8”) or 203 x 305 mm (8” x
12”), and into a round flue with nominal flue size of 203
mm (8”). A Defiant with a 152 mm (6”) flue connector
is approved for venting into a masonry chimney with a
nominal flue size of 203 x 203 mm (8” x 8”), and into a
round flue with nominal flue of 152 mm (6”).

NOTE: When installed with a 152 mm (6”) flue col­lar, the Defiant may not be operated with the front
doors open.

Whatever the flue collar size, a Defiant may be vented
into larger chimneys as well. However, chimneys
with liners larger than 203 x 305 mm (8” x 12”) may
experience rapid cooling of smoke and reduction in
draft, especially if the chimneys are located outside the
home. These large chimneys may need to be insulated
or have their flues relined for proper stove performance.

Accessories to help make the connection between
stainless steel chimney liners and your Defiant are
available through your local dealer.

Chimney Connector Guidelines

A chimney connector is the single-wall pipe that con­nects the stove to the chimney. The chimney itself is the
masonry or prefabricated structure that encloses the
flue. Chimney connectors are used only to connect the
stove to the chimney.

Connecting Flue Pipes

Connector pipes should meet the requirements of the
building regulations. This can be achieved by the use
connecting fluepipes included in the following catego­ries:

a) Vitreous enamelled steel pipe complying with BS
6999: 1989 (1996);
b) Pipes made from stainless steel as descirbed in BS
EN 1008-1:1995 grades 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4432 or

1.4436 with flue wall thickness of at least 1 mm;

6

30003846

Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

c) Mild steel fluepipes complying with BS 1449: Part 1:
1991, with a flue wall thickness of at least 3 mm;
d) Cast iron fluepipes complying with BS 41: 1973
(1998).

Flue Pipes with a spigot and socket joint should be
fitted with the socket facing upwards, to contain con­densates and moisture within the flue. Joints should be
made gas tight using proprietary jointing accessories,
or, where appropriate, by packing joint with noncombus­tible rope and fire cement.

Single-wall connectors should be made of 24 gauge
or heavier steel. Do not use galvanized connector; it
cannot withstand the high temperatures that can be
reached by smoke and exhaust gases, and may release
toxic fumes under high heat. The connector may be
152 mm (6”) or 203 mm (8”) in diameter.

If possible, do not pass the chimney connector through
a combustible wall or ceiling. If passage through a com­bustible wall is unavoidable, refer to the section on Wall
Pass-Throughs. Do not pass the connector through an
attic, a closet or similar concealed space. The whole
connector should be exposed and accessible for in­spection and cleaning.

In horizontal runs of un shielded chimney connector,
maintain a distance of 762 mm (30”) from the ceiling.
Keep it as short and direct as possible, with no more
than two 90° turns. Slope horizontal runs of connector
upward 6mm per meter (1/4” per foot) going from the
stove toward the chimney. The recommended maximum
length of a horizontal run is 914 mm (36”), and the total
length should be no longer than 2.4 m (8’). In cathedral
ceiling installations, extend the prefabricated chimney
downward to within 2.4 m (8’) of the stove. This will help
maintain a good draft by keeping the smoke warm, so
that it rises readily.

Wear gloves and protective eyewear when drilling, cut­ting or joining sections of chimney connector.

Single-wall Chimney Connectors

• Begin assembly at the flue collar of the stove. Insert

the first crimped
end into the stove’s
flue collar, and
keep each crimped
end pointing toward
the stove. (Fig. 4)
Using the holes
in the flue collar
as guides, drill 3
mm (1/8”) holes
in the bottom of
the first section of
chimney connector
and secure it to the

Toward
Stove

Flue Gas
Direction

ST242

Fig. 4 Chimney connector.

flue collar with three #10 x 1/2” sheet metal screws.
Lift off the griddle, and shield the stove’s surface
between the griddle opening and the front of the flue
collar to protect the finish when you drill the front
hole.

• Fasten each joint between sections of chimney

connector, including telescoping joints, with at least
three (3) sheet metal screws. The pre-drilled holes in
the top of each section of chimney connector serve
as guides when you drill 3 mm (1/8”) holes in the
bottom of the next section.

• Fasten the chimney connector to the chimney.

Instructions for various installations follow. Figure 6
illustrates the general layout of chimney connector
parts.

• Be sure the installed stove and chimney connector

are correct distances from nearby combustible mate­rials.

NOTE: Special slip pipes and thimble sleeves that form
telescoping joints between sections of chimney con­nector are available to simplify installations. They often
eliminate the need to cut individual connector sections.
Consult your local dealer about these special pieces.

Securing the Single-wall Connector to a

Prefabricated Chimney

Follow the installation instructions of the chimney manu­facturer exactly as you install the chimney. The manu­facturer of the chimney will supply the accessories to
support the chimney, either from the roof of the house,
at the ceiling of the room where the stove is installed, or
from an exterior wall.

Special adapters are available from your local dealer to
make the connection between the prefabricated chim­ney and the chimney connector. The top of such adapt­ers attaches directly to the chimney or to the chimney’s
ceiling support package, while the bottom of the adapter
is screwed to the chimney connector.

These adapters are designed so the top end will fit out­side the inner wall of the chimney, and the bottom end
will fit inside the first section of chimney connector.

Securing the Single-wall Connector to a

Masonry Chimney

Both freestanding masonry chimneys and fireplace
masonry chimneys may be used for your installation.

Freestanding Installations

If the chimney connector must pass through a com­bustible wall to reach the chimney, follow the recom­mendations in the Wall Pass-Through section that
follows. The opening through the chimney wall to the
flue (the “breech”) must be lined with either a ceramic or
metal cylinder, called the “thimble”, which is cemented

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Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

DE FI AN T

*

*

Chimney

Elbow

Flue

Flue In­ner

Without a thimble, a suitable length of chimney con­nector can be extended through the breech to the inner
face of the flue liner, and cemented securely in place.
Additional pieces of connector are then attached with
sheet metal screws.

Slip Pipe

Standard
Connector

Oval to
Round Adapter

Flue Collar

Fig. 5 An exploded view of the chimney connection in a free­standing masonry installation.

Thimble

ST492

securely in place. Most chimney breeches incorporate
thimbles, but the fit must be snug and the joint between
the thimble and the chimney wall must be cemented
firmly.

A special piece called the “thimble sleeve,” slightly
smaller in diameter than standard connectors and
most thimbles, will facilitate the removal of the chimney
connector system for inspection and cleaning. (Fig. 6)
Thimble sleeves are available from your local dealer.

To install a thimble sleeve, slide it into the breech until
it is flush with the inner flue wall. Do not extend it into
the actual flue passage, as this could interfere with the
draft.

Fireplace Installations

The chimney connector may be connected to the
chimney above the fireplace opening or through the
fireplace.

Above the Fireplace

The Defiant may be connected to a chimney above
a fireplace opening. (Fig. 7) In such installations, the
stove is positioned on the hearth in front of the fireplace
and the chimney connector rises from the stove top and
then angles ninety degrees back into the chimney. The
chimney liner should extend to the point at which the
chimney connector enters the chimney.

Check These
Clearances

Mantel

Seal
This Off

Thimble Sleeve

Flue

Chimney Connector

Keep
sleeve
end flush
with flue
tile

ST243

Fig. 6 The thimble, made of either ceramic or metal, must be
cemented securely in place.

The thimble sleeve should protrude 25-51 mm (1-2”)
into the room. Use furnace cement and thin gasketing
to seal the sleeve in place in the thimble. Secure the
chimney connector to the outer end of the sleeve with
sheet metal screws.

8

ST244a

Fig. 7 In this installation, the chimney connector attaches to
the chimney above the fireplace opening.

If the chimney connector in your installation enters the
chimney above a fireplace, follow all the guidelines
mentioned above for freestanding installations. In addi­tion, give special consideration to the following points:

• Check the clearance between the stove and the

chimney connector, and any combustible trim or the
mantel.

• Check the clearance between the chimney connec-

tor and the ceiling. The clearance should be at least
762 mm (30”) with unshielded connectors. Consult
the clearance charts for other installation options.

• The fireplace damper must be sealed to prevent

room air from escaping up the flue. However, it
must be possible to re-open the damper to inspect
or clean the chimney.

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Defiant 1610CE Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

D

E

F

I

A

N

T

Through the Fireplace

If your fireplace opening height is at least 737 mm (29"),
you may install a Defiant through the opening using a
“positive connection” kit, available from your local deal­er. Positive connection kits ensure a tight fit between
the stove flue collar and the chimney flue. (Fig. 8)

Fireplace installations, whether connected to the flue
above or through the fireplace opening, have special
clearance requirements to adjacent trim and the mantel.
You’ll find the required safe clearances for Defiant fire­place installations on Page 12.

Floor protection requirements also apply to fireplace
installations.

Flexible
Connector

Mantel Shield

Fireplace Adapter Kit
“Positive Connection”

ST245

Fig. 8 Through the fireplace installation.

Wall Pass-Throughs

Whenever possible, design your installation so the con­nector does not pass through a combustible wall. If you
are considering a wall pass-through in your installation,
check with your building inspector before you begin.
Also, check with the chimney connector manufacturer
for any specific requirements.

Accessories are available for use as wall pass­throughs. If using one of these, make sure it has been
tested and listed for use as a wall pass-through.

Figure 9 shows one method of passing a connector
through a wall. All combustible material in the wall is cut
away to provide the required 457 mm (18”) clearance
for the connector. The resulting space must remain
empty. A flush-mounted sheet metal cover may be used
on one side only. If covers must be used on both sides,
each cover must be mounted on noncombustible spac­ers at least 25 mm (1”) clear of the wall.

Your local dealer or your local building inspector can
provide details for other approved methods of passing
a chimney connector through a combustible wall in your
area.

DO NOT CONNECT THE DEFIANT TO ANY AIR DIS­TRIBUTION DUCT OR SYSTEM.

460 mm (18”) clear­ance between pipe and
sides/top/bottom of
opening

Fig. 9 An approved wall pass-through for Canada.

Hearths

This appliance must be installed on to hearth that
meets the requirements of Part J of the Building Regu­lations 2000 (Combustion Appliances and Fuel Storage
Systems). This can be achieved by ensuring that the
hearth is constructed and sized in accordance with the
guidelines included in section 2 of approved document
‘J’. The size and clearances of the hearth are as fol­lows:

The constructed hearth should be constructed in ac­cordance with the recommendations in document J,
and should be of minimum width 840 mm and minimum
depth 840 mm (if a free standing hearth b) above) or
a minimum projection of 150 mm from the jamb (if a
recessed hearth a) above).

ST494

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