Vermont Casting 1610 User Manual
Defiant
Non-Catalytic
Woodburning Stove
Model 1610
Homeowner’s
Installation and
Operating Manual
For use in the
United States and Canada
SAFETY NOTICE: IF THIS APPLIANCE IS NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED, OPERATED AND
MAINTAINED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT.
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. FAILURE TO
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN PROPERTY DAMAGE, BODILY INJURY OR EVEN
DEATH. CONTACT LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIALS ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION
INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN YOUR AREA.
Do Not Discard This Manual: Retain for Future Use
30002850 7/06 Rev. 2
Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
Welcome
Congratulations on your choice of a Vermont Castings Defiant stove. With this purchase you have made a commitment to make the hearth a place of warmth, beauty and comfort in your home. At CFM Corporation, we share that joy
and appreciation for the hearth. We assure you that your cast-iron Vermont Castings stove has been made with the
utmost care and will provide you with many years of service.
As you become acquainted with your new stove, you will find that its appearance is matched by its functionality, due to
cast iron’s unique ability to absorb and radiate heat.
Also, CFM Corporation products are among the cleanest-burning wood stoves and fireplaces available today. As an
owner of a Vermont Castings stove, you make a strong statement for pollution-free energy. However, clean burning
depends on both the manufacturer and the operator. Please read this manual carefully to understand how to properly
operate and maintain your stove.
At CFM Corporation, we are equally committed to your satisfaction as a customer. That is why we maintain an ex
clusive network of the finest dealers in the industry. Our dealers are chosen for their expertise and dedication to
customer service. They are factory-trained and knowledgeable about every CFM Corporation product. Feel free to
contact your Authorized Vermont Castings Dealer anytime you have a particular question about your stove or its
performance.
This manual contains valuable instructions on the installation and operation of your Vermont Castings Defiant. It also
contains useful information on maintenance. Please read the manual thoroughly and keep it as a reference.
Sincerely,
-
All of Us at CFM Corporation
This manual describes the installation, operation, and maintenance of the Vermont Castings Defiant Model 1610
non-catalytic wood burning heater. This heater meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s emission limits for
wood heaters sold on or after July 1, 1990. Under specific test conditions this heater has been shown to deliver heat
at rates ranging from 9,700 to 26,600 Btu/hr.
The Defiant Model #1610 has been tested and is listed by OMNI-Test Laboratories of Beaverton, Oregon. The test
standards are ANSI/UL-1482 and ANSI/UL-737 for the United States, and ULC S627 for Canada. The Defiant is
listed for burning wood only. Do not burn other fuels. The Defiant is not approved for use in manufactured (mobile)
homes.
We recommend that you hire a professional installer certified by the Wood Heat Education and Research Foundation
(WHERF) or the Wood Energy Technical Training (WETT) to install your stove, or to advise you on the installation
should you attempt to install it yourself.
Please read this entire manual before you install and use your new stove. Failure to follow instructions may result in
property damage, bodily injury, or even death.
Save These Instructions for Future Reference
2
30002850
Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
The Story of the Defiant
No wood-burning appliance, save for Ben Franklin’s Pennsylvania Fireplace, has a stronger heritage than the Vermont Castings Defiant. Named for a 19th-century steamship, the original Vermont Castings Defiant Wood Stove came
to epitomize America’s resolve and independence during the Energy Crisis of the 1970s.
The year was 1975. With energy prices going through the roof, without an attractive or efficient wood stove to be
found anywhere, two entrepreneurs set out to create a stove that was both beautiful and highly functional. Finely
crafted from cast iron, the Defiant was the first wood stove to combine an artistically designed exterior with a methodically engineered interior, using new technologies for efficient combustion.
Americans purchased over a quarter-million Defiants, as they rediscovered the common sense of heating with wood,
a home-grown fuel with none of the political and economic entanglements of foreign oil.
Thirteen years later, in 1988, Vermont Castings ‘retired’ the Defiant, replacing it with modern wood-burners such as
the Encore.
With its 1998 return, a new Defiant incorporated all the finest aesthetic, convenience, and performance features to be
found on any wood stove. After continued development, this Defiant model 1610 non-catalytic model continues the
tradition of the original Defiant while incorporating the very latest combustion technology. In a sense, the new Defiant
has been 23 years in the making.
Due to its significant role in American history, the original model Defiant is in the permanent collection of the Smithso
nian Institution. Each new purchase of the Defiant stove continues that history.
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Table of Contents
Specifications .................................................4
Installation ......................................................5
Clearance Charts ......................................... 14
Assembly ...................................................... 20
Operation ......................................................22
Draft Management ........................................28
Maintenance ................................................. 31
Parts Diagram .............................................. 35
Warranty .......................................................
Proposition 65 Warning: Fuels used in gas, woodburning or oil fired appliances, and the products of
combustion of such fuels, contain chemicals known to
the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects
and other reproductive harm.
California Health & Safety Code Sec. 25249.6
39
Installation Accessories
Warming Shelf
#0210 Classic Black
#0211 Biscuit
#0212 Midnight Blue
#0213 Ebony
#0214 Bordeaux
#0215 Chestnut Brown
#0216 Vt. Classic Green
#3265 Outside Air Kit
#1907 Firescreen
#1860 6” x 12” Oval Starter Pipe
#2767 Fan Kit
#0178 Flue Collar Heat Shield
#0168 Connector Pipe Heat Shield
A line of porcelain enamel stove pipe is available
in Biscuit, Bordeaux, Chestnut Brown, Ebony,
Midnight Blue, Vt.Classic Green colors.
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
D E F I A N T
32"
(822 mm)
28
"
(733 mm)
31"
(800 mm)
5"
(130 mm)
19"
(483 mm)
18"
(457 mm)
23"
(603 mm)
29"
(759 mm)
D E F I A N T
23"
(600 mm)
19"
(483 mm)
26"
(660 mm)
C
L
28"
(733 mm)
Rear Venting
Specifications
Defiant, Model 1610
EPA Emissions rating ................................... 0.75 g/hr*
Range of heat output ........... 10,000 to 30,300 BTU/hr.*
Maximum heat output .........................60,000 BTU/hr.**
Area heated .........................Up to 2,400 Square feet***
Fuel length ................................................................24”
Fuel capacity .............................. 50 pounds, hardwood
Loading .....................................................Front and top
Chimney Connector:
for 8” flue collar .................... 8” (203 mm) diameter
Chimney Flue Size:
with 8” Chimney Connector ..8” (203 mm) minimum
with 6” Chimney Connector ..6” (152 mm) minimum
Flue exit position ........................................ Top or Rear
Primary Air ...............................................Manual contol
Secondary Air ...............................Fixed, self-regulating
Ash handling system .....................Removable ash pan
Glass panels ........................ High-temperature ceramic
Weight ............................................... 490 lbs. (222 kg.)
Width (leg to leg) .................................. 32³⁄₈” (822 mm)
Depth (leg to leg) ..................................... 19” (483 mm)
Height to top of flue collar ..................... 29⁷⁄₈” (759 mm)
*Under specific conditions during EPA emissions testing.
** This value can vary depending on how the stove
is operated, the type and moisture content of the fuel
used, as well as the design, construction and climatic
location of your home. Figures shown are based on
maximum fuel consumption rates obtained under laboratory conditions and on average efficiencies.
*** These values are based on operation in building
code-conforming homes under typical winter climate
conditions in New England. If your home is of nonstandard construction (e.g. unusually well insulated, not insulated, built underground, etc.) or if you live in a more
severe or more temperate climate, these figures may
not apply. Since so many variables affect performance
consult your Authorized Dealer to determine realistic
expectations for your home.
Drawing Not to Scale
Fig. 1 Defiant NC dimensions.
4
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
30
25
20
15
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Height
Altitude
Installation
SAFETY NOTICE: IF YOUR DEFIANT IS NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED, A HOUSE FIRE MAY RESULT.
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, FOLLOW THE
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. CONTACT LOCAL
BUILDING OR FIRE OFFICIALS ABOUT RESTRICTIONS AND INSTALLATION INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS IN YOUR AREA.
Before you begin an installation, be sure that:
• Your stove and chimney connector will be far
enough from combustible material to meet all clearance requirements.
• The floor protector is large enough and is construct-
ed properly to meet all requirements.
• You have all necessary permits from local authori-
ties.
Your local building official is the final authority for approving your installation as safe and determining that it
meets local and state codes.
The metal label permanently attached to the back of
every Vermont Castings’ stove indicates that the stove
has been tested to current UL and ULC standards, and
gives the name of the testing laboratory. Clearance
and installation information also is printed on the label.
When the stove is installed according to the information
both on the label and in this manual, local authorities
usually will accept the label as evidence that the installation meets codes and can be approved.
However, codes vary in different areas. Before starting
the installation, review your plans with the local building
authority. Your local dealer can provide any additional
information needed.
For any unresolved installation issues, refer to the
National Fire Protection Association’s publication
ANSI/NFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces,
Vents and Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. For Canada,
the equivalent publication is CSA CAN-B365 Installation
Code for Solid Fuel Burning Appliances and Equipment.
These standards are the basis for many national codes.
They are nationally recognized and are accepted by
most local authorities. Your local dealer or your local
building official may have a copy of these regulations.
IMPORTANT: Failure to follow these installation
instructions may result in a dangerous situation, including a chimney or house fire. Follow all instructions exactly, and do not allow makeshift compromises to endanger property and personal safety.
Outside Air
In some modern, super-insulated homes, there may be
inadequate air supply for combustion because of insufficient air infiltration into the building. Such air enters a
home through unsealed cracks and openings. Exhaust
fans in kitchens or bathrooms can compete with the
stove for available air and compound the problem.
When poor draft is caused by a low infiltration rate,
opening a ground floor window on the windward side of
the house and near the stove will usually alleviate the
problem.
A better solution is to install a permanent outside air
supply to the stove and/or room. In fact, bringing air
for combustion from outside the home directly to the
air inlet of the stove is required for new construction in
some areas. The Defiant NC stove is equipped with an
outside air connection as standard equipment.
Pressure variations within the house do not affect a
stove equipped with an outside air supply, and improved stove performance often results. An Outside Air
Kit for the Defiant is available from your local dealer.
Chimney Height
Altitude affects chimney performance. When using an
8” oval to 6” flue collar adapter on the Defiant, refer
to Figure 1 for suggested chimney heights at various
altitudes. Chimney height should be measured from the
flue collar to the top of the chimney. The recommended
minimum chimney height is 16 feet (5 meters).
ST491
Fig. 2 Chimney height requirements with 6” chimney and/or
chimney connector.
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
2' Min.
2' Min.
3'
Min.
0 To 10'
3'
Min.
0 To 10'
What Kind of Chimney to Use
You must connect the Defiant to a code-approved
masonry chimney with a flue liner, to a relined masonry
chimney that meets local codes, or to a prefabricated
metal chimney that complies with the requirements
for Type HT chimneys in the Standard for Chimneys,
Factory-Built, Residential Type and Building Heating
Appliance, UL 103. Figure 3 illustrates the two types.
The chimney and chimney connector must be in good
condition and kept clean.
If you use an existing masonry chimney, it must be
inspected to ensure it is in a safe condition before
the stove is installed. Your local professional chimney
sweep, building inspector, or fire department official
will be able to inspect the chimney or provide a referral to someone who can. See “Chimney and Fireplace
hazards”, in the appendix, for particulars.
A prefabricated doublewall insulated chimney
Masonry Chimneys
An inspection of the chimney must confirm that it has
a lining. Do not use an unlined chimney. The chimney
should have no cracks, loose mortar, other signs of
deterioration, and blockage. Repair any defects before
the chimney is used with your stove.
Unused openings in an existing masonry chimney must
be sealed with masonry to the thickness of the chimney
wall, and the chimney liner should be repaired. Openings sealed with pie plates or wallpaper are a hazard
and should be sealed with mortar or refractory cement.
In the event of a chimney fire, flames and smoke may
be forced out of these unused thimbles.
The chimney should be thoroughly cleaned before use.
A newly-built masonry chimney must conform to the
standards of your local building code or, in the absence
of a local code, to a recognized national code. Masonry chimneys must be lined, either with code-approved
masonry or pre-cast refractory tiles, stainless steel
pipe, or a code-approved, “poured-in-place” liner. The
chimney’s clean-out door must seal tightly. A loose or
leaky clean-out door can weaken chimney draft, causing performance problems.
A tile-lined
masonry
chimney
ST241
Fig. 3 Approved chimney types.
The chimney must extend at least 3’ (914 mm) above
the highest point where it passes through or near a
roof, and at least 2’ (610 mm) higher than any part of a
building within 10’ (3 m) horizontally. (Fig. 4)
For proper draft and good performance, any chimney
used with a Defiant should extend at least 16’ (5 m)
above the flue collar of the stove.
Reference
Point
Fig. 4 The 2’-3’10’ Chimney Rule.
AC617
6
Prefabricated Chimneys
A prefabricated metal chimney must be one tested and
listed for use with solid-fuel burning appliances to the
High-Temperature (H.T.) Chimney Standard UL-1031985 (2100°F) for the United States, and High Temperature (650°C) Standard ULC S-629 for Canada.
DO NOT CONNECT THIS UNIT TO A CHIMNEY FLUE
SERVING ANOTHER APPLIANCE.
Chimney Size
A Defiant with an 8” (203 mm) flue collar is approved
for venting into a masonry chimney with a nominal flue
size of 8” x 8” (203 x 203 mm) or 8” x 12” (203 x 305
mm), and into a round flue with nominal flue size of 8”
(203 mm). A Defiant with a 6” (152 mm) flue connector
is approved for venting into a masonry chimney with a
nominal flue size of 8” x 8” (203 x 203 mm), and into a
round flue with nominal flue of 6” (152 mm).
NOTE: When installed with a 6” flue collar, the Defiant may not be operated with the front doors open.
Whatever the flue collar size, a Defiant may be vented
into larger chimneys as well. However, chimneys
with liners larger than 8” x 12” (203 x 305 mm) may
experience rapid cooling of smoke and reduction in
draft, especially if the chimneys are located outside the
home. These large chimneys may need to be insulated
or have their flues relined for proper stove performance.
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
Accessories to help make the connection between
stainless steel chimney liners and your Defiant are
available through your local dealer.
Chimney Connector Guidelines
A chimney connector is the single-wall pipe that connects the stove to the chimney. The chimney itself is the
masonry or prefabricated structure that encloses the
flue. Chimney connectors are used only to connect the
stove to the chimney.
Single-wall connectors should be made of 24 gauge
or heavier steel. Do not use galvanized connector; it
cannot withstand the high temperatures that can be
reached by smoke and exhaust gases, and may release toxic fumes under high heat. The connector may
be 6” (152 mm) or 8 “ (203 mm) in diameter.
If possible, do not pass the chimney connector through
a combustible wall or ceiling. If passage through a combustible wall is unavoidable, refer to the section on Wall
Pass-Throughs. Do not pass the connector through an
attic, a closet or similar concealed space. The whole
connector should be exposed and accessible for inspection and cleaning.
In horizontal runs of un shielded chimney connector,
maintain a distance of 30” (762 mm) from the ceiling.
Keep it as short and direct as possible, with no more
than two 90° turns. Slope horizontal runs of connector
upward 1/4” per foot (6mm per meter) going from the
stove toward the chimney. The recommended maximum length of a horizontal run is 3’ (1 m), and the total
length should be no longer than 8’ (2.4 m). In cathedral
ceiling installations, extend the prefabricated chimney
downward to within 8’ (2.4 m) of the stove. This will help
maintain a good draft by keeping the smoke warm, so
that it rises readily.
Wear gloves and protective eyewear when drilling, cut
ting or joining sections of chimney connector.
-
Single-wall Chimney Connectors
• Begin assembly at the flue collar of the stove. Insert
the first crimped end into the stove’s flue collar, and
keep each crimped end pointing toward the stove.
(Fig. 5) Using the holes in the flue collar as guides,
drill 1/8” (3mm) holes in the bottom of the first section of chimney connector and secure it to the flue
collar with three #10 x 1/2” sheet metal screws.
Lift off the griddle, and shield the stove’s surface
between the griddle opening and the front of the flue
collar to protect the finish when you drill the front
hole.
• Fasten each joint between sections of chimney
connector, including telescoping joints, with at least
three (3) sheet metal screws. The pre-drilled holes in
the top of each section of chimney connector serve
as guides when you drill 1/8” (3mm) holes in the bottom of the next section.
• Fasten the chimney connector to the chimney.
Instructions for various installations follow. Figure 6
illustrates the general layout of chimney connector
parts.
• Be sure the installed stove and chimney connector
are correct distances from nearby
combustible materials.
NOTE: Special slip
pipes and thimble
sleeves that form telescoping joints between
sections of chimney
connector are available to simplify installations. They often
eliminate the need to
cut individual connector sections. Consult your local dealer about these
special pieces.
Toward
Stove
Flue Gas
Direction
ST242
Fig. 5 Chimney connector.
Securing the Single-wall Connector to a
Prefabricated Chimney
Follow the installation instructions of the chimney
manufacturer exactly as you install the chimney. The
manufacturer of the chimney will supply the accessories to support the chimney, either from the roof of
the house, at the ceiling of the room where the stove is
installed, or from an exterior wall.
Special adapters are available from your local dealer
to make the connection between the prefabricated
chimney and the chimney connector. The top of such
adapters attaches directly to the chimney or to the
chimney’s ceiling support package, while the bottom of
the adapter is screwed to the chimney connector.
These adapters are designed so the top end will fit outside the inner wall of the chimney, and the bottom end
will fit inside the first section of chimney connector.
Securing the Single-wall Connector to a
Masonry Chimney
Both freestanding masonry chimneys and fireplace masonry chimneys may be used for your installation.
Freestanding Installations
If the chimney connector must pass through a combustible wall to reach the chimney, follow the recommendations in the Wall Pass-Through section that follows.
The opening through the chimney wall to the flue
(the “breech”) must be lined with either a ceramic or
metal cylinder, called the “thimble”, which is cemented
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
DE FI AN T
*
*
Chimney
Elbow
Flue
Flue Inner
Without a thimble, a suitable length of chimney connector can be extended through the breech to the inner
face of the flue liner, and cemented securely in place.
Additional pieces of connector are then attached with
sheet metal screws.
Slip Pipe
Standard
Connector
Oval to
Round Adapter
Flue Collar
Fig. 6 An exploded view of the chimney connection in a freestanding masonry installation.
Thimble
ST492
securely in place. Most chimney breeches incorporate
thimbles, but the fit must be snug and the joint between
the thimble and the chimney wall must be cemented
firmly.
A special piece called the “thimble sleeve,” slightly
smaller in diameter than standard connectors and
most thimbles, will facilitate the removal of the chimney
connector system for inspection and cleaning. (fig. 7)
Thimble sleeves are available from your local dealer.
To install a thimble sleeve, slide it into the breech until
it is flush with the inner flue wall. Do not extend it into
the actual flue passage, as this could interfere with the
draft.
Fireplace Installations
The chimney connector may be connected to the
chimney above the fireplace opening or through the
fireplace.
Above the Fireplace
The Defiant may be connected to a chimney above
a fireplace opening. (Fig. 8) In such installations, the
stove is positioned on the hearth in front of the fireplace
and the chimney connector rises from the stove top and
then angles ninety degrees back into the chimney. The
chimney liner should extend to the point at which the
chimney connector enters the chimney.
Check These
Clearances
Mantel
Seal
This Off
Thimble Sleeve
Flue
Chimney Connector
Keep
sleeve
end flush
with flue
tile
ST243
Fig. 7 The thimble, made of either ceramic or metal, must be
cemented securely in place.
The thimble sleeve should protrude 1-2” (25-50 mm)
into the room. Use furnace cement and thin gasketing
to seal the sleeve in place in the thimble. Secure the
chimney connector to the outer end of the sleeve with
sheet metal screws.
8
ST244a
Fig. 8 In this installation, the chimney connector attaches to
the chimney above the fireplace opening.
If the chimney connector in your installation enters the
chimney above a fireplace, follow all the guidelines
mentioned above for freestanding installations. In addition, give special consideration to the following points:
• Check the clearance between the stove and the
chimney connector, and any combustible trim or the
mantel.
• Check the clearance between the chimney connec-
tor and the ceiling. The clearance should be at least
30” (762 mm) with unshielded connectors. Consult
the clearance charts for other installation options.
• The fireplace damper must be sealed to prevent
room air from escaping up the flue. However, it
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
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must be possible to re-open the damper to inspect
or clean the chimney.
Through the Fireplace
If your fireplace opening height is at least 29" (737 mm),
you may install a Defiant through the opening using a
“positive connection” kit, available from your local dealer. Positive connection kits ensure a tight fit between
the stove flue collar and the chimney flue. (Fig. 9)
Fireplace installations, whether connected to the flue
above or through the fireplace opening, have special
clearance requirements to adjacent trim and the mantel.
You’ll find the required safe clearances for Defiant fire
place installations on Page 12.
Floor protection requirements also apply to fireplace
installations. This information is on Page 10.
Flexible
Connector
-
Figure 10 shows one NFPA-recommended method. All
combustible material in the wall is cut away from the
single-wall connector to provide the required 12” (305
mm) clearance. Any material used to close up the opening must be noncombustible.
Wall Stud
Chimney
Connector
12” of
Noncombustible
Material
Floor Protection
ST493
Mantel Shield
Fireplace Adapter Kit
“Positive Connection”
ST245
Fig. 9 Through the fireplace installation.
Wall Pass-Throughs
Whenever possible, design your installation so the connector does not pass through a combustible wall. If you
are considering a wall pass-through in your installation,
check with your building inspector before you begin.
Also, check with the chimney connector manufacturer
for any specific requirements.
Accessories are available for use as wall passthroughs. If using one of these, make sure it has been
tested and listed for use as a wall pass-through.
In the United States, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has established guidelines for passing
chimney connectors through combustible walls. Many
building code inspectors follow these guidelines when
approving installations.
Fig. 10 An approved wall pass-through for the United States.
Three other methods are also approved by the NFPA:
• Placing a section of chimney connector inside a
ventilated thimble, which in turn is separated from
combustibles by 6” (152mm) of fiberglass insulating
material.
• Placing a section of chimney connector inside a
section of 9” (230mm) diameter, solid-insulated,
factory-built chimney, with 2” (50mm) of air space
between the chimney section and combustibles.
• Using a section of solid-insulated double-wall high
temperature chimney, with an inside diameter the
same as the chimney connector, at least one inch
of solid insulation, and a minimum of 9” (229 mm)
air space between the outer wall of the chimney
section and combustibles.
In Canada, The Canadian Standards Association has
established different guidelines for wall pass-throughs.
Figure 11 shows one method, in which all combustible
material in the wall is cut away to provide the required
18” (457mm) clearance for the connector. The resulting
space must remain empty. A flush-mounted sheet metal
cover may be used on one side only. If covers must be
used on both sides, each cover must be mounted on
noncombustible spacers at least 1” (25mm) clear of the
wall.
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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
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T
18” (460mm) clearance between pipe and
sides/top/bottom of
opening
ST494
Fig. 11 An approved wall pass-through for Canada.
Your local dealer or your local building inspector can
provide details for other approved methods of passing
a chimney connector through a combustible wall in your
area. In Canada, this type of installation must conform
to CAN/CSA-B365, Installation Code for Solid Fuel
Burning Appliances and Equipment.
NOTE: Do not vent your Defiant into a factory-built
(zero-clearance) fireplace. These appliances and their
chimneys are specifically designed as a unit for use as
fireplaces. It may void the listing or be hazardous to
adapt them for any other use.
DO NOT CONNECT THE DEFIANT TO ANY AIR DISTRIBUTION DUCT OR SYSTEM.
Floor Protection
A tremendous amount of heat radiates from the bottom
plate of your stove. The floor area directly under and
around the stove will require protection from radiant
heat as well as from stray sparks or embers that may
escape the firebox.
Heat protection is provided with the use of the Bottom
Heat Shield and ash door heat shield supplied with the
stove.
Most installations will require the bottom heat shield
to be attached. Only when the stove is placed on a
completely noncombustible surface such as unpainted
concrete over earth may it be used without the heat
shield.
Even when the bottom heat shield and ash door heat
shields are installed, most installations require special
thermal protection (insulation) for the floor beneath.
Use an approved 1/2” (13 mm) noncombustible hearth
pad with k = 0.84 BTU/in ft2 hr °F or an equivalent
material with an R-value of at least 0.59. (Refer to “How
to Determine if Alternate Floor Protection Materials
are Acceptable” section.) The floor protector may be
covered with a decorative noncombustible material if
desired. Do not obstruct the space under the heater.
10
NOTE: There is only one stove configuration that
does not require thermal protection for a combustible floor. This is when the stove is installed
using an 8” connector pipe and chimney AND when
the provided ash door and bottom heat shield are
installed. Spark and ember protection is still necessary even if insulated hearth pad is not used. Use
24 gauge sheet metal or other noncombustible material sized according to the instructions below. All
other installations require the use of thermal floor
protection as described above.
There is only one stove configuration where the
supplied ash door heat shield is not required over a
combustible floor. This is when the stove is vented
with an 8” connector and chimney AND thermal
protection is installed as described above.
Important: All installations on a combustible floor
require the use of the supplied bottom heat shield.
This is true whether or not extra thermal protection
(insulation) is installed.
Protection requirements vary somewhat between the
Untied States and Canada as follows:
In U. S. installations the floor protector is required
under the stove and must extend at least 16” (not
including the ash lip) from the front of the stove (“F”,
Fig. 12), and at least 6” from the sides and rear. (“D”
and “E”, Fig. 12)
In rear venting configurations, floor protection must also
extend under the chimney connector and 2” to either
side. (“C”, Fig. 12) For the 8” (203 mm) connector, the
protector must be a minimum of 12” (305 mm) wide.
For the 6” (152 mm) connector, the protector must be
10” (254 mm) wide. The protector must be centered
under the connector.
To meet these requirements, a floor protector must be
at least 44” wide and 46” deep.
In Canada: A noncombustible floor protector is required
under the stove as well. The floor protector must
extend 18” (457 mm) to the front (“F”, Fig. 12), and 8”
(203 mm) from the sides and rear. (“D” and “E”, Fig. 12)
To meet these requirements, a floor protector must be
at least 46” (1168 mm) wide and 50” (1270 mm) deep.
How to Determine if Alternate Floor
Protection Materials are Acceptable
All floor protection must be noncombustible (i.e. metals, brick, stone, mineral fiber boards, etc.). Any organic
materials (i.e. plastics, wood paper products, etc.) are
combustible and must not be used. The floor protection
specified includes some form of thermal designation
such as R-value (thermal resistance) or k-factor (thermal conductivity).
30002850
Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
D
E
A
B
A
E
C
E
F
E
F
Step c: Compare proposed system Rtotal of 1.231 to
specified R of 0.59. Since proposed system Rtotal is
greater than required, the system is acceptable.
Definitions
R =
(ft2)(hr)(°F)
Btu
k = = K x 12
(Btu)(in)
(ft2)(hr)(°F)
K =
(Btu)(ft)
(ft2)(hr)(°F)
(ft2)(hr)(°F)
r = =
(Btu)(in)
1
k
Floor Protection for Fireplace Installation
U.S. Canada
A. 44” 48” (1219 mm)
B. 46” 50” (1270 mm)
C. 12” 12” (305 mm) 8” Connector
10” 10” (250 mm) 6” Connector
D. 6” 8” (203 mm)
E. 6” 8” (203 mm)
F. 16” 18” (460 mm)
Fig. 12 Required floor protection dimensions.
ST500
Procedure:
1. Convert specifications to R-value:
i. R-value given - no conversion needed.
ii. k-factor is given with a required thickness (T) in
inches:
1
R = x T
k
iii. K-factor is given with a required thickness (T) in
inches:
R = x T
1
K x 12
iv. r-factor is given with a required thickness (T) in
inches: R = r x T
2. Determine the R-value of the proposed alternate
floor protector:
i. Use the formula in Step 1 to convert values not
expressed as R.
ii. For multiple layers, add R-values of each layer to
determine overall R-value.
3. If the overall R-value of the system is greater than
the R-value of the specified floor protector, the alter
-
nate is acceptable.
EXAMPLE: The specified floor protector should be 1/2inch thick material with k-factor of 0.84. The proposed
alternate is 4” brick with an r-factor of 0.2 over 1/8”
mineral board with a k-factor of 0.29
Step a: Use formula above to convert specification to
R-value:
1
R = x T = x 0.5 = 0.59
k
1
0.84
Step b: Calculate R of proposed system.
4” brick of r = 0.2, therefore:
R
= 0.2 x 4 = 0.8
brick
1/8” mineral board of k = 0.29, therefore
R
mineralboard
R
total
= R
1
= x 0.125 = 0.431
0.29
+ R
brick
mineralboard
= 0.8 + 0.431 = 1.231
30002850
Do not assume that your fireplace hearth is completely
noncombustible. Many fireplace hearths do not satisfy
the “completely noncombustible” requirement because
the brick or concrete in front of the fireplace opening
is supported by heavy wood framing. Because heat
passes readily through brick or concrete, it can easily
pass through to the wood. As a result, such fireplace
hearths can be a fire hazard and are considered a combustible floor.
For all fireplace installations, follow the floor protection guidelines described above, including the need for
bottom and ash door heat shields. Keep in mind that
many raised hearths will extend less than the required
clearance from the front of the heater. In such cases,
sufficient floor protection as described above must be
added in front of the hearth to satisfy the minimum floor
protector requirement from the front of the stove: 16”
(410 mm) in the United States and 18” (460 mm) in
Canada. Hearth rugs do not satisfy the requirement for
floor protection as they are not fire proof.
Fireplace installations also have special clearance
requirements to the side walls, side decorative trim and
fireplace mantel. Refer to the information on fireplace
and mantel trim shields in this section.
Keep the Stove a Safe Distance
From Surrounding Materials
Both a stove and its chimney connector radiate heat in
all directions when operating, and nearby combustible
materials can overheat dangerously if they are too close
to the heat source. A safe installation requires that adequate clearance be maintained between the hot stove
and its connector and nearby combustibles.
Clearance is the distance between either your stove or
chimney connector, and nearby walls, floors, the ceiling,
and any other fixed combustible surface. The Defiant
has specific clearance requirements that have been
established after careful research and testing. These
clearance requirements must be strictly observed.
In addition, keep furnishings and other combustible
materials away from the stove. In general, a distance
of 48” (1219 mm) must be maintained between the
stove and moveable combustible items such as drying
11
Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove
1" (25mm)
1/4" (6mm)
clothes, furniture, newspapers, firewood, etc. Keeping those clearance areas empty assures that nearby
surfaces and objects will not overheat.
Safe Ways to Reduce Clearances
Clearance requirements are established to meet every
installation possibility, and they involve the combination
of these variables:
• When the stove pipe has no listed heat shield
mounted on it.
• When the wall has no heat shield mounted on it.
• When the wall has a heat shield mounted on it.
• When the wall and stove pipe have heat shields.
In general, the greatest clearance is required when you
place a stove and its connector near a wall with no heat
shield.
For example, when the Defiant is installed parallel to
the rear wall with 8” pipe and no connector shield is
used, it must be at least 35” (889 mm) from the wall
behind it and at least 23” (584 mm) from walls on either
side. These dimensions are measured from the top
edge of the stove to the combustible wall.
If the Defiant is installed in a corner and no shield is
used, the corners of the stove top must be at least 25”
(635 mm) from nearby walls when using 8” connector
pipe.
Clearances may be reduced only by means approved
by the regulatory authority, and in accordance with the
clearances listed in this manual. Refer to Pages 10 - 13
for approved clearance reduction specifications.
NOTE: Clearance requirements differ for 8” and 6” connector pipe installation. A minimum ceiling height of 8
feet (2.4 m) is required for all installations of the Defiant
NC.
NOTE: Installation of the Defiant is not permitted in
alcoves.
Wall Shields
One way to reduce clearances is with a wall shield
constructed of 24 gauge or heavier sheet metal, or of
another noncombustible material such as 1/2” (13 mm)
insulation board such as Durock® or Wonderboard®, or
common brick “laid on flat,” with the 3¹⁄₂" (90 mm) side
down.
Shields must be spaced out from the combustible
surface 1" (25 mm) on noncombustible spacers, as in
Figure 13. The spacers should not be directly behind
the stove or chimney connector.
Air must be able to flow between the wall and the
shield. At least 50% of the bottom 1" (25 mm) of the
shield must be open, and the shield must be open at
the top. Metal screening across the top will keep small
stray objects from being trapped behind the shield. (Fig.
13)
With 6” connections and chimneys, the shield must be
a minimum of 48" (1219 mm) tall, and must extend at
least 19" (483 mm) higher than the top of the stove,
whichever is higher. The shield behind the chimney
connector must be 30" (760 mm) wide, centered behind
the pipe; for installations that use an approved prefabricated chimney to pass through the ceiling, the shield
behind the chimney connector must stop 1" (25 mm)
below the ceiling.
With 8” connections and chimneys, because of potentially higher pipe temperatures, the shield must extend
the full height of the wall (up to 9’ (2.7 m)) and stop 1”
(25 mm) below the ceiling.
Air Flow
Screen
Wall Shield
Stud Wall
Framing
Noncombustible Spacers
and Fasteners
Drywall
Air Flow
Fig. 13 Approved wall shield construction.
Shield
Metal Spacer
ST248
Fireplace and Mantel Trim Shields
A fireplace installation requires special clearance
between the side of the stove and the right and left
walls, between the side of the stove and the decorative
side trim on the fireplace face, and between the top of
the stove and the mantel.
Noncombustible shields
installed 1” (25 mm) away
from the combustible surface
on noncombustible spacers,
called ventilated shields,
may be used to reduce
clearances.
To protect a mantel from the
heat of a stove in a fireplace
installation, use a custommade ventilated mantel
shield that is at least 48”
(1220 mm) long, centered
over the stove. (Fig. 14)
Ventilated shields for side
trim must extend the full length of the trim.
ST501
Fig. 14 A custom-formed
mantel shield.
12
30002850
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