Ubiquiti Networks PowerBridgM User Manual
Operating System for Ubiquiti M Series Products
Release Version: 5.5.4
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Overview ................................................1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Supported Products ..............................................................1
airOS v5.5.4 Network Modes ......................................................1
airOS v5.5.4 Wireless Modes ......................................................2
System Requirements ............................................................2
Getting Started ...................................................................2
M Series Product Verification .....................................................2
Navigation .......................................................................3
Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo Tab .......................................4
airMAX Settings ..................................................................4
airSelect ..........................................................................5
airView ...........................................................................6
airSync (GPS Series Only) .........................................................8
Table of ContentsairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Chapter 3: Main Tab ...............................................10
Status ...........................................................................10
Monitor .........................................................................12
Chapter 4: Wireless Tab ............................................18
Basic Wireless Settings ...........................................................19
Wireless Security ................................................................22
Chapter 5: Network Tab ...........................................26
Network Role ....................................................................26
Bridge ...........................................................................27
Configuration Mode .............................................................27
Management Network Settings ..................................................28
Router ..........................................................................31
Configuration Mode .............................................................32
WAN Network Settings ..........................................................32
LAN Network Settings ...........................................................35
SOHO Router ....................................................................40
Configuration Mode .............................................................40
WAN Network Settings ..........................................................40
LAN Network Settings ...........................................................44
Chapter 6: Advanced Tab ..........................................49
Advanced Wireless Settings ......................................................49
Advanced Ethernet Settings .....................................................51
Signal LED Thresholds ...........................................................51
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Chapter 7: Services Tab ...........................................52
Ping Watchdog ..................................................................52
SNMP Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Telnet Server ....................................................................54
NTP Client .......................................................................54
Dynamic DNS ...................................................................54
System Log ......................................................................55
Device Discovery ................................................................55
Chapter 8: System Tab ............................................56
Firmware Update ................................................................56
Device ..........................................................................57
Date Settings ....................................................................57
System Accounts ................................................................57
Miscellaneous ...................................................................57
Location ........................................................................58
Device Maintenance .............................................................58
Configuration Management .....................................................58
Table of ContentsairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Chapter 9: Tools ...................................................59
Align Antenna ...................................................................59
Site Survey ......................................................................60
Discovery .......................................................................60
Ping .............................................................................60
Traceroute ......................................................................60
Speed Test ......................................................................61
airView ..........................................................................61
Appendix A: Contact Information ..................................64
Ubiquiti Networks Support ......................................................64
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Chapter 1: OverviewairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Chapter 1: Overview
Introduction
Welcome to airOS™ v5.5.4 – the latest evolution of the
airOS Configuration Interface by Ubiquiti Networks™.
airOSv5.5.4 provides new features, including:
• Maps commonly used VoIP TOS values (0x68, 0xb8) to
Voice queue
• Alternative data rate algorithm option
• Audio option for Antenna Alignment tool
• Signal strength from remote radio shown in Station
information window (airMAX™ mode only)
• TX/RX bit rate statistics shown in AP or Station
information
• Feed only option for antenna type (airGrid™ and
NanoBridge™ models only)
airOS is an advanced operating system capable of
powerful wireless and routing features, built upon a
simple and intuitive user interface foundation.
This User Guide describes the airOS operating system
version 5.5.4, which is integrated into all M Series products
provided by Ubiquiti Networks.
Note: For compatibility, legacy or 802.11 a/b/g
devices should use legacy firmware with airMAX
support (such as airOS firmware v4.0). Legacy
clients can only work as airMAX clients with the M
Series device acting as an airMAX AP.
Supported Products
airOS v5.5.4 supports the M Series product versions,
including the following:
• Rocket™M
• Rocket™M GPS
• Rocket™M Titanium
• NanoBridge™M
• NanoStation™M/NanoStation loco™M
• Bullet™M
• Bullet™M Titanium
• PicoStation™M
• PowerBridge™M
• airGrid™M
• WispStation™M
For more information, visit www.ubnt.com.
airOS v5.5.4 Network Modes
airOS supports the following network modes:
• Transparent Layer 2 Bridge
• Router
• SOHO Router
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Chapter 1: OverviewairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
airOS v5.5.4 Wireless Modes
airOS supports the following wireless modes:
• Access Point
• Station / Client
• AP-Repeater
System Requirements
• Microsoft Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7,
Windows 8, Linux, or Mac OS X
• Java Runtime Environment 1.6 (or above)
• Web Browser: Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Google
Chrome, or Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 (or above)
Getting Started
To access the airOS Configuration Interface, perform the
following steps:
1. Configure the Ethernet adapter on your computer
with a static IP address on the 192.168.1.x subnet (for
example, IP address: 192.168.1.100 and subnet mask:
255.255.255.0).
2. Launch your web browser. Enter https:// and the
default IP address of your device in the address field.
Press Enter (PC) or Return (Mac).
Device Default IP Address
airRouter 192.168.1.1
Other Devices 192.168.1.20
Note: HTTPS is the default protocol starting with
airOS v5.5.4.
For example, enter 192.168.1.20 to access the Rocket.
4. Upon subsequent login, the standard login screen
appears. Enter ubnt in the Username and Password
fields, and click Login.
Note: To enhance security, we recommend that you
change the default login on the System > System
Accounts tab. For details, go to “System Accounts”
on page 57.
M Series Product Verification
Starting with M series product models manufactured in
2012, the airOS Configuration Interface (v5.5.2 or later) will
verify whether a product is genuine or counterfeit.
Prior to 2012
For M series product models manufactured prior to 2012,
airOS will NOT display any logo in the lower left corner of
the screen.
Starting in 2012
For new M series product models introduced in 2012 or
later, airOS will display a Genuine Product logo in the
lower left corner of the screen.
New production versions of existing M series product
models began using the Genuine Product logo in 2012.
(Notall Mseries product models manufactured in 2012
will display a Genuine Product logo.)
3. Upon initial login, the Terms of Use appear on the login
screen. Enter ubnt in the Username and Password fields,
and select the appropriate choices from the Country
and Language drop-down lists. Check the box next to
Iagree to these terms of use, and click Login.
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For any M series product that is not an official Ubiquiti
product, airOS will display a counterfeit warning. Please
contact Ubiquiti at support@ubnt.com regarding
thisproduct.
Note: If neither the Genuine Product logo nor
counterfeit warning appears, the device was
manufactured prior to the genuine product
verification process and is probably genuine.
If you have any questions, please email
support@ubnt.com.
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Navigation
The airOS Configuration Interface contains seven main
tabs, each of which provides a web-based management
page to configure a specific aspect of the Ubiquiti device:
• Ubiquiti Logo The “Ubiquiti Logo Tab” on page
4 controls Ubiquiti’s proprietary technologies, such
as airMAX, airView, airSelect, and airSync (GPS Series
devices only).
Note: By default, indoor products, such as the
airRouter, do not display the Ubiquiti logo tab.
However, you can enable the Ubiquiti logo tab
through the System tab > Miscellaneous > airMAX
Technology Features. For more information, see
“Miscellaneous” on page 57.
• Main The “Main Tab” on page 10 displays device
status, statistics, and network monitoring links.
• Wireless The “Wireless Tab” on page 18 configures
basic wireless settings, including the wireless mode,
Service Set Identifier (SSID), 802.11 mode, channel and
frequency, output power, data rate module, and wireless
security.
• Network The “Network Tab” on page 26 configures
the network operating mode; Internet Protocol (IP)
settings; IP aliases; VLANs; packet filtering, bridging, and
routing routines; and traffic shaping.
• Advanced The “Advanced Tab” on page 49
provides more precise wireless interface controls,
including advanced wireless settings, advanced
Ethernet settings, and signal LED thresholds.
• Services The “Services Tab” on page 52 configures
system management services: Ping Watchdog, Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), servers (web,
SSH, Telnet), Network Time Protocol (NTP) client,
Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) client, system
log, and device discovery.
• System The “System Tab” on page 56 controls
system maintenance routines, administrator account
management, location management, device
customization, firmware update, and configuration
backup. You can also change the language of the web
management interface.
Each page also contains network administration and
monitoring tools:
• “Align Antenna” on page 59
• “Site Survey” on page 60
• “Discovery” on page 60
• “Ping” on page 60
• “Traceroute” on page 60
• “Speed Test” on page 61
• “airView” on page 61
Chapter 1: OverviewairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
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Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo Tab
The Ubiquiti logo tab displays settings to enable, launch,
and change settings for Ubiquiti’s proprietary features,
including:
• airMAX™ Provides superior wireless performance, more
clients per Access Point (AP), and lower latency under
load.
• airSelect™ Dynamically changes the wireless channel to
avoid interference.
• airView™ Ubiquiti’s spectrum analyzer.
• airSync™ Synchronizes transmissions by GPS Series
devices to eliminate co-location transmit interference.
Note: By default, indoor products, such as the
airRouter, do not display the Ubiquiti logo tab.
However, you can enable the Ubiquiti logo tab
through the System tab > Miscellaneous > airMAX
Technology Features. For more information, see
“Miscellaneous” on page 57.
Change To save or test your changes, click Change.
A new message appears. You have three options:
• Apply To immediately save your changes, click Apply.
• Test To try the changes without saving them, click
Test. To keep the changes, click Apply. If you do not
click Apply within 180 seconds (the countdown is
displayed), the device times out and resumes its earlier
configuration.
• Discard To cancel your changes, click Discard.
airMAX Settings
airMAX is Ubiquiti’s proprietary Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA) polling technology. airMAX improves
overall performance in Point-to-Point (PtP) and
Point-to-MultiPoint (PtMP) installations and noisy
environments because it reduces latency, increases
throughput, and offers better tolerance against
interference. Because of its advantages, airMAX also
increases the maximum possible number of users that can
associate with an AP that uses airMAX.
airMAX assigns time slots for each device communication
to avoid the “hidden node” problem, which occurs when
a node is visible from a wireless AP, but not from other
nodes communicating with the originating AP.
airMAX also features advanced Quality of Service (QoS)
autodetection settings. For airMAX to classify and
differentiate types of traffic when applying QoS rules,
the traffic must have a special value within the TOS
(Type of Service) range and set in the IP Header DSCP
(Differentiated Services Code Point) field. The original
software or hardware device is responsible for setting this
value; airMAX will prioritize traffic only if this value is set.
There are four WME (Wireless Multimedia Enhancements)
categories, which range from lowest to highest priority in
this order:
• Best Effort
• Background
• Video
• Voice
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Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
By default, all traffic is classified as Best Effort, so no
prioritization is applied. The categories can be defined
using the following values:
802.1p Class of Service TOS Range DSCP Range WME Category
0 – Best Effort 0x00-0x1f 0-7 Best Effort
1 – Background 0x20-0x3f 8-15 Background
2 – Spare 0x40-0x5f 16-23 Background
3 – Excellent Effort 0x60-0x7f 24-31
4 – Controlled Load 0x80-0x9f 32-39 Video
5 – Video
(<100 ms latency)
6 – Voice
(<10 ms latency)
7 – Network Control 0xe0-0xff 56-63 Voice
¹ AF31 - Low Drop Probability (26-27) maps to Voice.
² 46 (2E) - Expedited Forwarding (46-47) maps to Voice.
0xa0-0xbf 40-47
0xc0-0xdf 48-55 Voice
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2
Best Effort
Video
For compatibility, legacy or 802.11 a/b/g devices should use
legacy firmware with airMAX support (such as airOS firmware
v4.0). Legacy clients can only work as airMAX clients with
the M Series device acting as an airMAX AP.
Note: To support legacy clients using airMAX, the
M Series device must run airOS v5.5 or above.
airMAX Settings include:
• airMAX (Available in Access Point or AP‑Repeater
mode only.) If airMAX is enabled, the device operates
in airMAX mode and only accepts connections from
airMAX devices.
If you have multiple stations or clients, then use
automatically adjusted values. Enable the Auto Adjust
setting on the Advanced tab (see “Auto Adjust” on
page 50 for additional details). If you use Auto Adjust,
then Long Range PtP Link Mode is not available.
• airMAX Priority (Available in Station mode only.) It
defines the number of time slots (or amount of airtime)
assigned to each client. By default the AP gives all active
clients the same amount of time. However, if the clients
are configured with different priorities, the AP will give
clients more or less time, depending on the priority.
Note: airMAX Priority only functions when
multiple clients have it enabled.
airMAX Priority options include:
- High 4 time slots (4:1 ratio)
- Medium 3 time slots (3:1 ratio)
- Low 2 time slots (2:1 ratio)
- None 1 time slot (Default setting for clients; 1:1 ratio)
Clients with a higher priority have access to more of the
AP’s airtime, providing higher possible throughput and
lower latency when sharing with other active clients.
For example, if there are 3 clients, 1 set to None, 1 set to
Medium, and 1 set to High, the None client will get 1 time
slot, the Medium client will get 3 time slots, and the High
client will get 4 time slots.
airSelect
Note: If airMAX is enabled, you cannot connect
standard Wi-Fi devices, such as laptops, tablets,
or smartphones, to the AP.
If the device is in Station mode under the Wireless tab
> Wireless Mode, the device will automatically enable
airMAX when it is connecting to an airMAX AP.
• Long Range PtP Link Mode (Available in Access
Point or AP‑Repeater mode only.) Acknowledgment
(ACK) timeout settings are limited by device hardware
specifications. Use this option if you have a single
station or client (a PtP situation), and the actual link
distance exceeds hardware ACK timeout limits:
• 27 km or 17 miles (40 MHz mode)
• 51 km or 32 miles (20 MHz mode)
If you use Long Range PtP Link Mode, then the Auto
Adjust setting on the Advanced tab is not available.
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Note: If you enable airSelect, then airSync is not
available.
(Available in Access Point mode only.) airSelect is a
technology that avoids interference and increases
throughput. It dynamically changes the wireless channel
by periodically hopping to the least used channel in the
Frequency List (user-defined) within a designated time
interval (user-defined in milliseconds). airSelect tracks
interference levels on each channel used, hopping more
frequently to those with the least amount of interference.
airSelect options include:
• airSelect Check the box to enable airSelect. When
airSelect is enabled, the AP and all associated clients
quickly hop between frequencies to avoid interference.
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Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
• Frequency List Available when airSelect is enabled.
Click Edit to select the frequencies that the AP will
use for airSelect. Available frequencies are devicedependent.
• Hop Interval Available when airSelect is enabled. The
duration (in milliseconds) that the AP will stay on one
frequency before moving to the next. The default value
is 3000 milliseconds (ms).
• Announce Count Available when airSelect is
enabled. The number of times between hops the
AP will announce the next hop information (such as
frequency) to clients. For example, if the Hop Interval
is set to 3000ms (default), and the AnnounceCount is
set to 30 (default), then every 100 ms the AP will send
an announcement with upcoming hop information
tothe clients. The larger the time period between the
Announce Count and Hop Interval, the higher the risk
of timing drift (hops not being synchronized), so we
recommend that you keep the defaults or configure
the AP to send an announcement every 100ms (set
theAnnounce Count to 1/100th of the Hop Interval).
airView
Use the airView Spectrum Analyzer to analyze the noise
environment of the radio spectrum and intelligently select
the optimal frequency to install a PtP airMAX link.
airView options include:
• Launch airView Click Launch airView to download the
Java Network Launch Protocol (jnlp) file and complete
the launch of airView.
• airView Port Defines the TCP port used by airView on
the device. The default port is 18888.
• Launch airView There are two system requirements for
the airView Spectrum Analyzer:
• Your system is connected to the device via Ethernet.
Launching airView will terminate all wireless
connections on the device.
• Java Runtime Environment 1.6 (or above) is required
on your client machine to use airView.
Click Launch airView to use the airView Spectrum
Analyzer. On first use, the following window appears.
Main View
Device Displays the device name, MAC (Media Access
Control) address, and IP address of the device running
airView.
Total RF Frames Displays the total number of Radio
Frequency (RF) frames gathered since the start of the
airView session or since the Reset All Data button was last
clicked.
FPS Displays the total number of frames per second (FPS)
gathered since the start of the airView session or since
the Reset All Data button was last clicked. The wider the
interval amplitude, the fewer the FPS will be gathered.
Reset All Data Click to reset all gathered data. Use this
option to analyze the spectrum for another location or
address.
• Do NOT warn me about this in the future Check the
box to bypass this window in future launches of the
airView Spectrum Analyzer.
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Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
File Menu
Click Exit to end the airView session.
View Menu
Enable Chart Panel 1 (top) Displays the Waterfall or
Channel Usage chart in Chart Panel 1, depending on
which option you have selected in Preferences. This
time-based graph shows the aggregate energy collected
or channel usage for each frequency since the start of the
airView session.
Enable Chart Panel 2 (middle) Displays the Waveform
chart in Chart Panel 2. This time-based graph shows the RF
signature of the noise environment since the start of the
airView session. The energy color designates its amplitude.
Cooler colors represent lower energy levels (with blue
representing the lowest levels) in that frequency bin, and
warmer colors (yellow, orange, or red) represent higher
energy levels in that frequency bin.
Enable Chart Panel 3 (bottom) Displays the Real-time
chart (traditional spectrum analyzer) in Chart Panel 3.
Energy (in dBm) is shown in real time as a function of
frequency.
Note: Energy is the power ratio in decibels (dB) of
the measured power referenced to one milliwatt
(mW).
Clear All Markers Resets all previously assigned
markers. Markers are assigned by clicking a point, which
corresponds with a frequency on the Real-time chart.
Preferences Changes airView settings, such as enabling
or disabling charts and traces, or specifying the frequency
interval.
Preferences
Select View > Preferences to display the Preferences ‑
airView Spectrum Analyzer window.
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Charts
Enable top chart Check the box to enable the top chart.
Select the desired chart to display in the top chart panel
on the main view. There are two options:
• Waterfall This time-based graph shows the aggregate
energy collected for each frequency since the start
of the airView session. The energy color designates
its amplitude. Cooler colors represent lower energy
levels (with blue representing the lowest levels) in that
frequency bin, and warmer colors (yellow, orange, or
red) represent higher energy levels in that frequency
bin.
The Waterfall View’s legend (top-right corner) provides
a numerical guide associating the various colors to
power levels (in dBm). The low end of that legend (left)
is always adjusted to the calculated noise floor, and the
high end (right) is set to the highest detected power
level since the start of the airView session.
• Channel Usage For each Wi-Fi channel, a bar displays
a percentage showing the relative “crowdedness” of
that specific channel. To calculate this percentage, the
airView Spectrum Analyzer analyzes both the popularity
and strength of RF energy in that channel since the start
of an airView session.
Enable Waveform chart (middle) Check the box to
enable the middle chart. This time-based graph shows
the RF signature of the noise environment since the
start of the airView session. The energy color designates
its amplitude. Cooler colors represent lower energy
levels (with blue representing the lowest levels) in that
frequency bin, and warmer colors (yellow, orange, or red)
represent higher energy levels in that frequency bin.
The spectral view over time will display the steady-state RF
energy signature of a given environment.
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Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Enable Real-time chart (bottom) Check the box to
enable the bottom chart. This graph displays a traditional
spectrum analyzer in which energy (in dBm) is shown in
real time as a function of frequency. There are three traces
in this view:
• Current (Yellow) Shows the real-time energy seen by
the device as a function of frequency.
• Average (Green) Shows the running average energy
across frequency.
• Maximum (Blue) Shows updates and maximum power
levels across frequency.
Realtime Traces
Maximum Power Levels Trace Check the Enable box to
enable the maximum power trace. When enabled, the
maximum power trace is represented by the blue area on
the Real‑time chart, which displays the maximum received
power level data since the start of the airView session. To
enable a shaded blue area, check the Shaded Area box.
To display only a blue outline without the shaded area,
uncheck the Shaded Area box.
Frequency Range Select the amplitude of the
frequency interval to be scanned from the Frequency
Range drop-down list. Available frequencies are device-
dependent. There are pre-defined ranges for the most
popular bands. You can enter a custom range; select
Custom Range from the Frequency Range drop-down list
and enter the desired values in the Start and End fields.
Help
Click About to view the version and build number of the
airView Spectrum Analyzer.
airSync (GPS Series Only)
Note: If you enable airSync, then airSelect is not
available.
The following settings apply only to the Real‑time chart:
Current Real-time Trace Check the Enable box to enable
the real-time trace. When enabled, the yellow outline on
the Real‑time chart represents the real-time power level of
each frequency. The refresh speed depends on the FPS.
Averages Trace Check the Enable box to enable the
averages trace. When enabled, the averages trace is
represented by the green area on the Real‑time chart,
which displays the average received power level data
since the start of the airView session. To enable a shaded
green area, check the Shaded Area box. To display only
a green outline without the shaded area, uncheck the
Shaded Area box.
(Available in Access Point mode only.) airSync (available on
GPS Series devices only) synchronizes airMAX APs with a
satellite reference timing signal. When enabled, airSync
eliminates receive (RX) errors due to co-location transmit
interference.
Note: To use airSync, all Stations must run airOS
v5.5 or higher; otherwise, they cannot connect to
any of the APs.
We recommend the following guidelines:
• Adjacent sectors should use different frequencies.
• Back-to-back sectors can use the same frequency.
• Do not use the same frequency on ALL of your
co-located APs. Some of your co-located APs may be
able to use the same frequency, depending on the
scenario. See the following examples: Four APs and
TwoAPs.
• The number of frequencies you should use depends on
the number of APs you have on a single tower because a
client can get confused if it receives signals on the same
frequency from two different APs.
• If you are using more than one frequency, ensure that
you have 20 MHz separation between the frequency
band edges. For example: if frequency range A ends at
5815 MHz, then frequency range B should start at 5835
MHz or higher.
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Chapter 2: Ubiquiti Logo TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
We have the following examples:
• Four APs Use two different frequencies. Set the same
frequency on each back-to-back pair of APs (this is the
ABAB channel design). For example, a client is located
equidistant from two APs (one set to frequency A and
one set to frequency B). The client will only receive
signals from the AP that shares its frequency.
Three APs Set a different frequency on each AP (this is
the ABC channel design). For example, a client is located
equidistant from two APs (one set to frequency A and
one set to frequency B). The client will only receive signals
from the AP that shares its frequency. A different client is
located equidistant from a different pair of APs (one set
to frequency B and one set to frequency C). This client will
only receive signals from the AP that shares its frequency.
After you configure these durations, or slots, on the
master AP, they are passed along to all slave APs. The same
transmit and receive durations allow each AP to determine
when to start transmitting, and when to start receiving.
Slots are configured in µs (microseconds) and specify the
period of time the AP will transmit (Down Slot), and receive
(Up Slot). The Down Slot sets the amount of time for client
users to download, while the Up Slot sets the amount of
time for client users to upload.
You can think of the Down Slot period and Up Slot period
as a ratio. If the Down Slot is set to 4000 µs, and the Up Slot
is set to 2000 µs, the AP allocates 66% [4000/(4000+2000)]
of its time providing clients’ download slots, while the AP
allocates the remaining 33% to clients’ upload slots.
Some usage scenarios may require use of the Timing
Override feature, depending on users’ upload and
download traffic. If an AP group’s users will primarily be
downloading, increase the ratio of Down Slots to Up Slots.
Similarly, if an AP group has more business users and
needs higher upload speeds, use a more even Down Slot/
Up Slot ratio. Depending on traffic patterns, you may need
to adjust the Down Slot/Up Slot ratio as needed.
airSync options include:
• Two APs Set the same frequency on both APs located
back to back (this is the AA channel design).
To sync multiple APs, these are the requirements:
• The master AP has IP connectivity (specifically UDP) to
the slave APs.
• All APs have an active GPS signal.
• You have configured the transmit and receive durations
on the master AP.
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• Enable airSync Check the box to enable airSync.
• Mode Available when airSync is enabled. Select Master
or Slave depending on which device is configured in
Master mode and which devices are configured in Slave
mode. The device in Master mode synchronizes with all
connected peers in Slave mode.
• Port Available when airSync is enabled. By default, the
port is set to 64250 but you can change the value in the
field.
• Timing Override (Master) Available when airSync
is enabled on the Master AP. Check the box to enable
Timing Override. Uncheck the box to disable Timing
Override and restore default settings, which vary
depending on the channel bandwidth:
Channel Bandwidth Down Slot Up Slot
40 MHz 2000 µs 2000 µs
30 MHz 4000 µs 4000 µs
20 MHz 4000 µs 4000 µs
10 MHz 4000 µs 4000 µs
8 MHz 4000 µs 4000 µs
5 MHz 8000 µs 8000 µs
• Master IP (Slave) Available when airSync is enabled on
the slave AP. Enter the IP address of the master AP.
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Chapter 3: Main TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Chapter 3: Main Tab
The Main tab displays a summary of the link status
information, current values of the basic configuration
settings (depending on the operating mode), network
settings and information, and traffic statistics.
Status
Device Name Displays the customizable name or
identifier of the device. The Device Name (also known
as host name) is displayed in registration screens and
discovery tools.
Network Mode Displays the network operating mode.
airOS supports three modes: Bridge, Router, and SOHO
Router. The default setting is device-specific. Configure the
Network Mode on the Network tab.
Wireless Mode Displays the operating mode of the
radio interface. airOS supports three operating modes:
Station, Access Point, and AP‑Repeater. The default setting
is device-specific. Configure the Wireless Mode on the
Wireless tab. If Station or Access Point mode is enabled,
then you can also select WDS (Wireless Distribution
System) as needed.
airOS also supports airView (spectrum analyzer) mode, a
temporary mode that terminates all wireless connections.
To select airView mode, click Tools > airView or click
Launch airView on the Ubiquiti Logo tab. When the device
is running in airView mode, all wireless connections will be
terminated during the airView session. Close the airView
window to return to the previous wireless mode. Any M
Series device may operate in only one of these modes at a
time. For example, if the device is running in Access Point
mode, it cannot simultaneously run in Station mode.
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SSID Displays the wireless network name (SSID). The
wireless network name depends upon the wireless mode
selected:
• In Station mode, this displays the SSID of the AP the
device is associated with.
• In Access Point mode, this displays the SSID configured
on the device using the Wireless tab.
Security Displays the wireless security method being
used on the device. If None is displayed, then wireless
security has been disabled, although you can still use
RADIUS MAC authentication.
Version Displays the airOS software version.
Uptime This is the total time the device has been running
since the latest reboot (when the device was powered up)
or software upgrade. The time is displayed in days, hours,
minutes, and seconds.
Date Displays the current system date and time. The
date and time are displayed in YEAR-MONTH-DAY
HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS format. The system date and
time is retrieved from the Internet using NTP (Network
Time Protocol). The NTP Client is disabled by default on
the Services tab. The device doesn’t have an internal clock,
and the date and time may be inaccurate if the NTP Client
is disabled or the device isn’t connected to the Internet.
Channel/Frequency Displays the channel number and
corresponding operating frequency. The device uses
the channel and radio frequency specified to transmit
and receive data. Valid channel and frequency ranges
will vary depending on local country regulations. If the
Channel/Frequency is labeled as “DFS”, then the device is
using a DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) channel. (DFS
channels/frequencies are not available on all devices.)
Channel Width This is the spectral width of the radio
channel used by the device. airOS v5.5 supports 3, 5, 7,
8, 10, 14, 20, 25, 28, 30, and 40 MHz; however, available
channel widths are device-specific. In Station mode, Auto
20/40 MHz is the value by default.
Distance Displays the current distance between devices
in kilometers and miles for Acknowledgement (ACK)
frames. Changing the distance value will change the
ACK (Acknowledgement) timeout accordingly. The ACK
timeout specifies how long the device should wait for
an acknowledgement from a partner device confirming
packet reception before it concludes that there has been
an error and resends the packet. You can adjust the
Distance value; for more information, see “Distance” on
page 50).
TX/RX Chains Displays the number of independent
spatial data streams the device is transmitting (TX)
and receiving (RX) simultaneously within one spectral
channel of bandwidth. This ability is specific to 802.11n
devices that rely on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
(MIMO) technology. Multiple chains increase data transfer
performance significantly. The number of chains Ubiquiti
devices use is hardware-specific because every TX/RX
chain requires a separate antenna.
Antenna (Only applicable to the NanoStationM900 loco.)
The antenna type (Internal, External, or External + Internal)
is displayed. For more information, see “Antenna” on
page 21.
WLAN0 MAC Displays the MAC address of the device as
seen on the wireless network.
LAN0 MAC Displays the MAC address of the device as
seen on the LAN.
LAN1 MAC Displays the MAC address of the device
as seen on the WAN interface. This is the device’s MAC
address as seen over the Internet.
LAN0/LAN1 Indicates the current status of the WAN and
LAN Ethernet port connections. This can indicate that a
cable is not plugged into a device or there is no active
Ethernet connection.
AP MAC In Access Point or AP‑Repeater mode, this
displays the MAC address of the device. In Station mode,
this displays the MAC address of the AP the device is
associated with.
Signal Strength (Available in Station mode only.)
Displays the received wireless signal level (client-side).
The represented value coincides with the graphical bar.
Use the antenna alignment tool to adjust the device
antenna to get a better link with the wireless device. The
antenna of the wireless client has to be adjusted to get
the maximum signal strength. Signal Strength is measured
in dBm (the decibels referenced to 1 milliwatt). The
conversion is defined as dBm=10log10(P/1mW). So, 0dBm
would be 1 mW and -72 dBm would be 0.0000006 mW.
A signal strength of -80 dBm or better (-50 to -70 dBm) is
recommended for stable links.
Chain or Horizontal/Vertical or External/Internal
(Vertical) (Available in Station mode only.) Displays
the wireless signal level (in dBm) of each signal. Devices
with fixed antennas display Horizontal/Vertical instead of
Chain. When chains are displayed, the number of chains is
device-specific.
The NanoStationM900 loco displays External/Internal
(Vertical) if the Antenna option on the Wireless tab is set
to External + Internal (2x2). For more information, see
“Antenna” on page 21.
Connections (Available in Access Point or AP‑Repeater
mode only.) Displays the number of wireless devices
connected to the device.
Noise Floor Displays the current value (in dBm) of the
environmental noise (from interference) the receiver hears
on the operating frequency. airOS considers the Noise
Floor while evaluating the signal quality (Signal-to-Noise
Ratio SNR, RSSI). The value mean depends on the signal
strength above the Noise Floor.
Transmit CCQ This index evaluates the wireless Client
Connection Quality (CCQ). The level is based on a
percentage value for which 100% corresponds to a perfect
link state.
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TX Rate/RX Rate (Available in Station mode only.)
Displays the current 802.11 data transmission (TX) and
data reception (RX) rates.
airMAX Indicates the airMAX status. If airMAX is enabled,
the device will only accept airMAX clients. airMAX also
features advanced QoS autodetection settings. For more
information, refer to “airMAX Settings” on page 4.
Note: For compatibility, legacy or 802.11 a/b/g
devices should use legacy firmware with airMAX
support (such as airOS firmware v4.0). Legacy
clients can only work as airMAX clients with the M
Series device acting as an airMAX AP.
airMAX Priority Available if airMAX is enabled in Station
mode only. Indicates the airMAX Priority set on the Ubiquiti
logo tab. By default the AP gives all active clients the same
amount of time. However, if the clients are configured with
different priorities, the AP will give clients more or less
time, depending on the priority.
airMAX Quality Available if airMAX is enabled. airMAX
Quality (AMQ) is based on the number of retries and the
quality of the physical link. If this value is low, you may
have interference and need to change frequencies. If AMQ
is above 80% and you do not notice any other issues, then
you do not need to make any changes.
airMAX Capacity Available if airMAX is enabled. airMAX
Capacity (AMC) is based on airtime efficiency. For example,
if you have one client with a low data rate or you are using
a 1x1 device (such as Bullet or airGrid) alongside other
clients that are 2x2, then it will use up more airtime (slots)
for the same amount of data, reducing time (or capacity)
for other clients. The lower the AMC, the less efficient the
AP is. If you only have one client, this may not matter, but
when you have many clients (for example, more than 30),
then AMC becomes very important, and you want it to be
as high as possible.
If you are looking at the client, AMC shows the theoretical
capacity of that client, based on current TX/RX rates and
quality. AMC is a percentage based on what the maximum
performance would be if the link were perfect. Clients
with poor airtime efficiency can negatively affect other
clients by taking up more airtime while transmitting at
lower speeds. For example, client A is at MCS 12 (78Mbps)
because of low signal. The client could theoretically
do MCS 15 (130 Mbps), so AMC is based on the ratio
of current rate/maximum rate (78 Mbps divided by
130Mbps), which is 60%. In a similar fashion, a 1x1 device
will always have a maximum AMC of 50%, because it
provides half the performance of a 2x2 device.
If you are looking at the AP, then AMQ and AMC are
averages of all clients’ values. If you want to discover
what is lowering your values on heavily populated APs,
single out the weak clients. You can either use airControl™
(recommended), or you can go to each client individually.
Try to upgrade to a higher-gain antenna (to allow a better
data rate), or upgrade to a 2x2 device if you are using a
1x1 device.
airSelect Indicates the airSelect status. If airSelect is
enabled, airSync is not available. Access airSelect setup
through the Ubiquiti Logo tab > airSelect.
Hop Interval Available if airSelect is enabled. The duration
(in milliseconds) that the AP will stay on one frequency
before moving to the next.
airSync (GPS Series Only) Indicates the airSync status. If
airSync is enabled, airSelect is not available, and the device
in Master mode reports the number of airSync-enabled
devices in Slave mode. Access airSync setup through the
Ubiquiti Logo tab > airSync.
GPS Signal Quality (GPS Series Only) Displays GPS
signal quality as a percentage value on a scale of 0-100%.
Latitude/Longitude (GPS Series Only) Based on
GPS tracking, reports the device’s current latitude and
longitude. Clicking the link opens the reported latitude
and longitude in a browser using Google Maps
(http://maps.google.com).
Altitude (GPS Series Only) Based on GPS tracking,
reports the device’s current altitude above sea level.
Custom Scripts Displayed if custom scripts are present
on the device. If custom scripts are running, then the Main
tab displays the status of this option as “Enabled”.
™
Monitor
There are various monitoring tools accessible via the
links on the Main tab. The default is Throughput, which is
displayed when you first open the Main tab.
Throughput
Throughput displays the current data traffic on the LAN
and WLAN in both graphical and numerical form. The
chart scale and throughput dimension (Bps, Kbps, Mbps)
change dynamically depending on the mean throughput
value. The statistics are updated automatically.
Refresh If there is a delay in the automatic update, click
Refresh to manually update the statistics.
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Stations
(Available in Access Point or AP‑Repeater mode only.)
This selection lists the stations that are connected to the
device.
The following statistics for each station are displayed in
the station statistics window:
Station MAC Displays the MAC address of the station.
This is a clickable link that will display additional station
information.
Device Name Displays the station’s host name. The
device name can be changed on the System tab.
Signal/Noise, dBm The Signal value represents the
last received wireless signal level, and the Noise value
represents the noise level.
Distance (Available if the Auto Adjust setting is enabled
through the Advanced Wireless tab > Advanced Wireless
Settings.) Displays the current distance between
devices in kilometers and miles for Acknowledgement
(ACK) frames. With Auto Adjust enabled, the device’s
auto-acknowledgement timeout algorithm dynamically
optimizes the frame acknowledgement timeout value
without user intervention.
TX/RX, Mbps The TX value represents the data rates, in
Mbps, of the last transmitted packets, and the RX value
represents the data rates, in Mbps, of the last received
packets.
CCQ, % This index evaluates the wireless Client
Connection Quality (CCQ). The level is a percentage value
for which 100% corresponds to a perfect link state.
Connection Time Displays the connection time of each
station connected to the device. The time is expressed in
days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
Last IP Displays the station’s last IP address.
Action Displays available options for this station. For
example, click kick to drop the connection to this station.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Station Information
Detailed information is displayed when you click a specific
MAC address:
• Station Displays the MAC address of the station.
• Device Name Displays the host name of the station.
• Product Displays the product name of the device.
• Firmware Displays the firmware version of airOS.
• Connection Time Displays the amount of time the
station has been connected to the device. The time is
expressed in days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
• Signal Strength (TX/RX) The values represent, in dBm,
the last transmitted wireless signal level and the last
received wireless signal level.
• Noise Floor Displays the current value (in dBm) of the
environmental noise (from interference) the receiver
hears on the operating frequency. airOS considers
the Noise Floor while evaluating the signal quality
(Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR, RSSI). The value mean
depends on the signal strength above the Noise Floor.
• Distance (Available if the Auto Adjust setting is enabled
through the Advanced Wireless tab > Advanced Wireless
Settings.) Displays the current distance between
devices in kilometers and miles for Acknowledgement
(ACK) frames. With Auto Adjust enabled, the device’s
auto-acknowledgement timeout algorithm dynamically
optimizes the frame acknowledgement timeout value
without user intervention.
• CCQ The value represents the quality of the connection
to the AP. This index evaluates the wireless Client
Connection Quality (CCQ). The level is a percentage
value for which 100% corresponds to a perfect link state.
• airMAX Priority The airMAX Priority of this station’s
traffic in comparison to the other stations.
• airMAX Quality The airMAX Quality level is based on
a percentage value for which 100% corresponds to a
perfect link state.
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• airMAX Capacity This is an index of the maximum data
rate the link is operating at. A lower capacity number
indicates a unit that is slowing down the system.
• Last IP Displays the station’s last IP address.
• TX/RX Rate Displays the data rates, in Mbps, of the last
transmitted and received packets.
• TX/RX Bit Rate Displays the data rates, in bps, of the
last transmitted and received packets.
• TX/RX Packets Displays the total number of packets
transmitted and received from the station during the
connection uptime.
• TX/RX Packet Rate, pps Displays the mean value of the
transmitted and received packet rates.
• Bytes Transmitted Displays the total amount of data
(in bytes) transmitted during the connection.
• Bytes Received Displays the total amount of data (in
bytes) received during the connection.
• Negotiated Rate/Last Signal, dBm Values represent
the received wireless signal level along with the data
rates of recently received packets. N/A is displayed as the
Last Signal if no packets were received on that specific
data rate.
• Kick To drop the connection to the station, click Kick.
• Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
• Close To close the Station Info window, click Close.
AP Information
(Available in Station mode only.) This selection lists the
connection statistics of the AP associated with the device.
Connection Time Displays the amount of time the device
has been connected to the AP. The time is expressed in
days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
Signal Strength The value represents, in dBm, the last
received wireless signal level.
Noise Floor Displays the current value (in dBm) of the
environmental noise (from interference) the receiver hears
on the operating frequency. airOS considers the Noise
Floor while evaluating the signal quality (Signal-to-Noise
Ratio SNR, RSSI). The value mean depends on the signal
strength above the Noise Floor.
CCQ The value represents the quality of the connection to
the AP. This index evaluates the wireless Client Connection
Quality (CCQ). The level is a percentage value for which
100% corresponds to a perfect link state.
Last IP Displays the device’s last IP address.
TX/RX Rate Displays the data rates, in Mbps, of the last
transmitted and received packets.
TX/RX Bit Rate Displays the data rates, in bps, of the last
transmitted and received packets.
TX/RX Packets Displays the total number of packets
transmitted and received from the station during the
connection uptime.
TX/RX Packet Rate, pps Displays the mean value of the
transmitted and received packet rates.
Bytes Transmitted Displays the total amount of data (in
bytes) transmitted during the connection.
Bytes Received Displays the total amount of data (in
bytes) received during the connection.
Negotiated Rate/Last Signal, dBm Values represent the
received wireless signal level along with the data rates
of recently received packets. N/A is displayed as the Last
Signal if no packets were received on that specific data
rate.
Reconnect To establish the wireless link to the AP again,
click Reconnect.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Access Point Displays the MAC address of the AP.
Device Name Displays the host name of the AP.
Product Displays the product name of the device.
Firmware Displays the firmware version of airOS.
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Interfaces
Displays the name, MAC address, MTU, IP address, and
traffic information for the device’s interfaces.
Interface Displays the name of the interface.
MAC Address Displays the MAC address of the interface.
MTU Displays the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU),
which is the maximum packet size (in bytes) that a
network interface can transmit. The default is 1500.
IP Address Displays the IP address of the interface.
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RX Bytes Displays the total amount of data (in bytes)
received by the interface.
RX Errors Displays the number of receive errors.
TX Bytes Displays the total amount of data (in bytes)
transmitted by the interface.
TX Errors Displays the number of transmit errors.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
DHCP Client
(Available in Router or SOHO Router mode only.) Displays
the device’s WAN IP address, netmask, DNS servers, and
gateway while the device is operating as a DHCP client of
an external DHCP server.
Interface Displays the interface that connects to the
WAN.
IP Address Displays the IP address assigned by an
external DHCP server connected to the WAN interface.
If an external DHCP server is not found, the IP address
will use the DHCP Fallback IP defined in the WAN Network
Settings. See “WAN Network Settings” on page 32 for
additional details.
Netmask Displays the Netmask assigned by an external
DHCP server connected to the WAN interface. If an
external DHCP server is not found, the IP address will use
the DHCP Fallback Netmask defined in the WAN Network
Settings. See “WAN Network Settings” on page 32 for
additional details.
Gateway Displays the gateway address assigned by an
external DHCP server connected to the WAN interface.
Primary/Secondary DNS IP The Domain Name System
(DNS) is an Internet “phone book” that translates domain
names to IP addresses. These fields identify the server IP
addresses that the device uses for translation.
DHCP Server Displays the IP address of the external
DHCP server that assigns the WAN IP address to the
device.
Domain Displays the domain name.
Total Lease Time Shows the total time (validity) of the
leased IP address assigned by the external DHCP server.
Remaining Lease Time Displays the remaining time
of the leased IP address assigned by the external DHCP
server.
Renew To request new IP settings from the external
DHCP server, click Renew.
Release To release the current IP settings, click Release.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
ARP Table
Lists all the entries of the Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) table currently recorded on the device.
ARP is used to associate each IP address to the unique
hardware MAC address of each device on the network. It
is important to have unique IP addresses for each MAC
address or else there will be ambiguous routes on the
network.
IP Address Displays the IP address assigned to a network
device.
MAC Address Displays the MAC address of the device.
Interface Displays the interface that connects to the
device.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Bridge Table
(Available in Bridge mode only.) The table displays the
entries in the system Bridge Table.
Bridge The name of the bridge.
MAC Address The network device identified by its MAC
address.
Interface The Bridge Table shows which bridge port
or interface, LAN (Ethernet) or WLAN (Wireless), the
specific network device is associated with. airOS can
forward packets only to the specified port of the device,
eliminating redundant copies and transmits.
Aging Timer Displays aging time for each address entry
(in seconds). After a specific timeout, if the device has not
seen a packet coming from a listed address, it will delete
that address from the Bridge Table.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
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Chapter 3: Main TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Routes
Lists all the entries in the system routing table.
airOS examines the destination IP address of each data
packet traveling through the system and chooses the
appropriate interface to forward the packet to. The system
choice depends on static routing rules, the entries that
are registered in the system routing table. Static routes to
specific hosts, networks, or the default gateway are set up
automatically according to the IP configuration of all the
airOS Configuration Interfaces.
Destination Displays the IP address of the destination
device.
Gateway Displays the IP address of the appropriate
gateway.
Netmask Displays the netmask of the destination device.
Interface Displays the interface that the destination
device is on.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Firewall
When the firewall is enabled on the Network tab, this
option is available. By default, there are no firewall rules.
If the device is operating in Bridge mode, the table lists
active firewall entries in the FIREWALL chain of the
standard ebtables filter table.
If the device is operating in Router or SOHO Router mode,
the table lists active firewall entries in the FIREWALL chain
of the standard iptables filter table.
Firewall Rules IP and MAC level access control and
packet filtering in airOS are implemented using an
ebtables (bridging) or iptables (routing) firewall that
protects the resources of a private network from outside
threats by preventing unauthorized access and filtering
specified types of network communication.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Configure firewall rules on the Network tab. See “Firewall”
on page 30 for additional details.
Port Forward
(Available in Router or SOHO Router mode only.) Port
forwarding allows you to connect to a specific service such
as an FTP server or web server. Port forwarding creates a
transparent tunnel through a firewall/NAT, granting access
from the WAN side to the specific network service running
on the LAN side.
Port Forward Rules Lists active port forward entries in
the PREROUTING chain of the standard iptables nat table,
while the device is operating in Router or SOHO Router
mode.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Configure port forwarding rules on the Network tab. See
“Port Forwarding” on page 38 for additional details.
DHCP Leases
(Available in Router or SOHO Router mode only with the
DHCP server feature enabled.) Displays the current status
of the IP addresses assigned by the device’s DHCP server
to its local DHCP clients.
MAC Address Displays the client’s MAC address.
IP Address Displays the client’s IP address.
Remaining Lease Displays the remaining time of the
leased IP address assigned by the DHCP server.
Hostname Displays the device name of the client.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
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GPS Details (GPS Series Only)
GPS Details (available on GPS Series devices only) displays
GPS Satellite details and Signal quality.
Refresh To update the information, click Refresh.
Log
When logging is enabled (see “System Log” on page
55 to enable logging), this option lists all registered
system events. By default, logging is not enabled.
Chapter 3: Main TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Clear To delete all entries in the system log, click Clear.
Refresh To update the log content, click Refresh.
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Chapter 4: Wireless TabairOS™ v5.5.4 User Guide
Chapter 4: Wireless Tab
The Wireless tab contains everything needed to set up the
wireless part of the link. This includes SSID, channel and
frequency settings, device mode, data rates, and wireless
security.
Change To save or test your changes, click Change.
A new message appears. You have three options:
• Apply To immediately save your changes, click Apply.
• Test To try the changes without saving them, click
Test. To keep the changes, click Apply. If you do not
click Apply within 180 seconds (the countdown is
displayed), the device times out and resumes its earlier
configuration.
• Discard To cancel your changes, click Discard.
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