Texas Instruments TIRIS RI-TRP-RRHP, TIRIS RI-TRP-WRHP Reference Manual
Texas Instruments
Registration
and
Identification
System
23 mm Glass Encapsulated
Transponder
RI-TRP-RRHP
RI-TRP-WRHP
Reference Manual
11-09-21-023 25-July-1996
23 mm Transponder Reference Manual 25 July 1996
Edition Notice: Fourth Edition - July 1996
This is the fourth edition of this manual, it describes the following transponders:
RI-TRP-RRHP
RI-TRP-WRHP
This Reference Manual is for customers who wish to use the TIRIS 23 mm Glass Encapsulated
Transponder in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) installations. The manual includes
technical information concerning the function, technical specifications, application and
environmental related data.
Texas Instruments reserves the right to change its products or services at any time without
notice. TI provides customer assistance in various technical areas, but does not have full
access to data concerning the uses and applications of customer's products. Therefore TI
assumes no responsibility for customer product design or for infringement of patents and/or
the rights of third parties, which may result from assistance provided by TI.
The TIRIS logo and the word TIRIS are registered trademarks of Texas Instruments
Incorporated.
Copyright 1996 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
All rights reserved.
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25 July 1996 23 mm Transponder Reference Manual
Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Transponder Packaging ................................................................................................................. 5
3. Product Codes ............................................................................................................................... 5
4. Function ........................................................................................................................................ 5
4.1 Read (Reading of RO and R/W Transponders) ........................................................................ 5
4.2 Write and Program .................................................................................................................. 8
5. Characteristics of the Pulsed FM System ....................................................................................... 9
5.1 Basic System Data ................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Reader and System Design Impact .......................................................................................... 10
5.3 System Performance and Functional Reliability Impact ........................................................... 10
5.4 Other Quality Factors of the TIRIS Pulsed FM System ............................................................ 10
6. EMI/EMC Performance ................................................................................................................. 11
6.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2 The Automotive Environment and Factors .............................................................................. 11
6.3 TIRIS Pulsed FM Transponder and System Performance ......................................................... 11
7. Measurement Set-Ups .................................................................................................................... 14
7.1 Measurement set-up: Resonance frequency, bandwidth, quality factor ..................................... 14
7.2 Measurement Set-Up: Powering Field Strength ....................................................................... 15
7.3 Measurement set-up: Transponder Signal Strength ................................................................. 17
8. Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................................................................... 18
9. Recommended Operating Conditions ............................................................................................. 18
10. Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 19
11. Environmental Data and Reliability .............................................................................................20
12. Memory ....................................................................................................................................... 20
13. Package ....................................................................................................................................... 20
14. Packing Symbolization ................................................................................................................ 21
Appendix A: Conversion Formula ...................................................................................................... 22
Figures
Figure 1: System Configuration Showing the Reader, Antenna and Transponder ................................ 4
Figure 2: Block Diagram of the TIRIS Pulsed FM Transponder .......................................................... 4
Figure 3: Dimensions of the TIRIS 23 mm Transponder (in mm) ....................................................... 5
Figure 4: Charge and Read Function of the Transponder .................................................................... 6
Figure 5: FM Principle Used for the Read Function of TIRIS Transponders ........................................ 7
Figure 6a: Read Data Format of TIRIS RO Transponder ..................................................................... 7
Figure 6b: Read Data Format of TIRIS R/W Transponder ................................................................... 7
Figure 7: Charge, Write and Program Principle used for TIRIS .......................................................... 8
Figure 8: The Write and Program Function ........................................................................................ 9
Figure 9: Write Data Format for Programming Function .................................................................... 9
Figure 10: EMI Performance Test of the TIRIS System. ..................................................................... 12
Figure 11: EMI performance in automotive environment. ................................................................... 13
Figure 12: Reading range under broad band noise (white noise) conditions ........................................ 13
Figure 13: Measurement for transponder resonance, bandwidth & quality factor ............................... 14
Figure 14: Determination of resonance and -3dB by monitoring pick-up coil voltage .......................... 15
Figure 15: Test set-up for powering field strength determination ........................................................ 15
Figure 16: Received signal at the pick up coil, if power field strength is sufficient .............................. 16
Figure 17: Determination of the transponder signal strength with Helmholtz aperture ........................ 17
Figure 18: Monitored signal voltage at the spectrum analyzer (time domain mode) ............................ 17
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23 mm Transponder Reference Manual 25 July 1996
1. Introduction
The TIRIS 23 mm Glass Encapsulated Pulsed FM Transponder is a key product in low frequency
RFID systems that can be used for a variety of applications, such as automotive security systems.
The device is available in Read Only (RO) and Read/Write (R/W) versions. Electro Magnetic
signals are used to power the passive (batteryless) device, to transmit the identification number to
a reader unit or to program the device with new data. The basic principle is described in Figure 1.
Both RO and R/W versions use an 80 bit non-volatile memory (EEPROM) for storage of 64
identification bits and a 16 bit Block Check Character (BCC). The RO type is factory
programmed with a unique tamperproof code that cannot be altered. The R/W version can be
programmed by the user.
The 23 mm Transponder comprises a ferrite core antenna, a charge capacitor, a resonance
capacitor and the integrated circuit (Figure 2). The antenna inductance and the resonance
capacitor form a high quality resonant circuit.
TRANSMIT/REC EIVE ANTENNA
FIELD LINES
ANTENNA AXIS
RF MODULE
CONTROL
UNIT
TIRIS READ/WRITE UNIT
CF4 5538
TRANSPONDER
Figure 1: System Configuration Showing the Reader, Antenna and Transponder
ANTENNA
TRANSPONDER
IC
CHARGE
CAPACITOR
Figure 2: Block Diagram of the TIRIS Pulsed FM Transponder
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25 July 1996 23 mm Transponder Reference Manual
2. Transponder Packaging
The dimensions of the transponder are given in Figure 3.
The 23 mm shape offers several advantages:
1. The transponder is hermetically sealed.
2. The transponder is robustly constructed to withstand vibration (IEC68-2-6) and shock
(IEC68-2-6).
3. For Applications where read range is not the most critical point the transponder can be
mounted or used in such a way that the orientation is not controlled.
Figure 3: Dimensions of the TIRIS 23 mm Transponder (in mm)
3. Product Codes
64 bit Read Only device: RI-TRP-RRHP
64 bit Read/Write device: RI-TRP-WRHP
4. Function
The Pulsed FM System uses a sequential function principle separating the transponder powering
(charge) and transponder data transmission mode. The advantages of the sequential mode are
described in Section 5.1 "Basic System Data".
4.1 Read (Reading of RO and R/W Transponders)
During the charge (or powering phase) of between 15 and 50 ms the interrogator generates an
electromagnetic field using a frequency of 134.2 kHz. The resonant circuit of the transponder is
energized and the induced voltage is rectified by the integrated circuit to charge the capacitor.
The transponder detects the end of the charge burst and transmits its data using Frequency Shift
Keying (FSK), utilizing the energy stored in the capacitor.
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23 mm Transponder Reference Manual 25 July 1996
The typical data low bit frequency is 134.2 kHz, the typical data high bit frequency is 123.2 kHz.
The low and high bits have different durations, because each bit takes 16 RF cycles to transmit.
The high bit has a typical duration of 130 µs, the low bit of 119 µs. Figure 5 shows the FM
principle used. Regardless of the number of low and high bits, the transponder response duration
is always less than 20 ms.
The data format consists of 128 bits. Different start/stop bytes and end bits are used, to allow
secure distinction between RO and R/W Transponder. Figures 6a and 6b show the format of the
received data for RO and R/W transponders.
After transmission of the data format the capacitor is discharged. The typical transponder readout
timing is described in figure 4. The charge phase is followed directly by the read phase (RO
mode).
Data encoding is done in NRZ mode (Non Return to Zero). The clock is derived from the RF
carrier by a divide-by-16 function.
Figure 4: Charge and Read Function of the Transponder, Showing the Voltage at the
Transponder and Exciter (Reader) Coil
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25 July 1996 23 mm Transponder Reference Manual
0 0 11
134.2 kHz 123.2 kHz 134.2 kHz 123.2 kHz
129.2 µs 119.9 µs
Figure 5: FM Principle Used for the Read Function of TIRIS Transponders
PRE
BITS
16
8 64
IDENTIFICATION DATA
Figure 6a: Read Data Format of TIRIS RO Transponder
START
PRE
BITS
16 8 64
IDENTIFICATION DATA
Figure 6b: Read Data Format of TIRIS R/W Transponder
READ DATA
112 bits
READ DATA
112 bits
DATA
BCC
16
DATA
BCC
STOPSTART
8
STOP
816 15
DISCHARGE
END
BITS
15
16 bits
MSBLSB
DISCHARGE
ENDBITS
IDENT.
DATA
16 bits
MSBLSB
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