D2.5V REFERENCE
DSTABLE OVER TEMPERATURE
DLOW QUIESCENT CURRENT: 10mA
DDUAL OR SINGLE SUPPLY: +5V, +5V
DPACKAGE: Small QFN-16 (4mm x 4mm)
DSPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE:
−5°C to +75°C
APPLICATIONS
DONET ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER OPTIC
AMPLIFIER (EDFA)
DLASER OPTICAL DENSITY MEASUREMENT
DPHOTODIODE SIGNAL COMPRESSION AMP
DLOG, LOG-RATIO FUNCTION
DANALOG SIGNAL COMPRESSION IN FRONT
OF ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL (ADC) CONVERTER
DABSORBANCE MEASUREMENT
DESCRIPTION
The LOG114 is specifically designed for measuring
low-level and wide dynamic range currents in
communications, lasers, medical, and industrial
systems. The device computes the logarithm or log-ratio
of an input current or voltage relative to a reference
current or voltage (logarithmic transimpedance
amplifier).
High precision is ensured over a wide dynamic range of
input signals on either bipolar (±5V) or single (+5V)
supply. Special temperature drift compensation circuitry
is included on-chip. In log-ratio applications, the signal
current may be from a high impedance source such as
a photodiode or resistor in series with a low impedance
voltage source. The reference current is provided by a
resistor in series with a precision internal voltage
reference, photo diode, or active current source.
The output signal at V
LOGOUT
out per decade of input current, which limits the output
so that it fits within a 5V or 10V range. The output can be
scaled and offset with one of the available additional
amplifiers, so it matches a wide variety of ADC input
ranges. Stable dc performance allows accurate
measurement of low-level signals over a wide
temperature range. The LOG114 is specified over a
−5°C to +75°C temperature range and can operate from
−40°C to +85°C.
R
5
R
6
has a scale factor of 0.375V
−
+IN
IN
4
4
1110
LOG114
A
4
A
5
14
−
IN
5
(3)
V
O4
12
+IN
5
13
V
O5
15
NOTES: (1) Thermally dependent R1and R
provide temperature compensation.
(2) V
= 0.375×log(I1/I2).
LOGOUT
(3) VO4=0.375×K×log(I1/I2)
K=1+R6/R5.
(4) Differential A mplifier ( A3) Gai n = 6.2
I1and I2are current inp uts
from a photodiode
or other current source
I
REF
V
LOGOUT
(2)
9
Q
1
Ω
I
1
4
V
CMIN
5
I
2
3
R
REF
16
V
REF
2.5V
A
1
A
2
REF
186 7
REF GND
200
(1)
R
1
Q
2
Ω
200
(1)
R
3
V
V+
Ω
1250
R
2
(4)
A
3
Ω
1250
R
4
−
ComV
semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to
complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible t o damage because very small parametric changes could
cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas
Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be
handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe
Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage.
PRECISION CURRENT MEASUREMENT
PRODUCTS
Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods
may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only , an d
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions
beyond those specified is not implied.
(2)
Input terminals are diode-clamped to the power-supply rails.
Input signals that can swing more than 0.5V beyond the supply
rails should be current-limited to 10mA or less.
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site
at www .ti.com.
PIN CONFIGURATION
T op View
V
REF GND
NC
5
REFVO5
V
16
151413
1
Exposed
2
3
I
2
4
I
1
thermal
diepad on
underside
(Must be
connected to V−)
5
6
−
V
CM IN
V
QFN−16 (4mm x 4mm)
NC = NoConnection
5
IN
−
+IN
78
V+
Com
12
V
O4
11
−
IN
4
10
+IN
4
9
V
LOGOUT
QFN-16
2
"#$$%
www.ti.com
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = −5°C to +75°C.
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
CORE LOG FUNCTIONIIN/V
LOG CONFORMITY ERROR
(1)
Initial 1nA to 100µA (5 decades)0.10.2%
Over Temperature1nA to 100µA (5 decades)0.10.4%
TRANSFER FUNCTION (GAIN)
(2)
Initial Scaling Factor100pA to 10mA0.375V/decade
Scaling Factor Error1nA to 100µA0.4±2.5%
Over TemperatureT
INPUT, A1 and A
2
Offset V oltageV
vs TemperaturedV/dTT
vs Power SupplyPSRRVS = ±2.25V to ±5.5V75400µV/V
Input Bias CurrentI
vs TemperatureT
Input Common-Mode Voltage RangeV
Voltage Noisee
Current Noisei
OUTPUT, A3 (V
Output Offset, V
)
LOGOUT
, InitialV
OSO
Over TemperatureT
Full-Scale Output (FSO)
(3)
Gain Bandwidth ProductGBWIIN = 1µA50MHz
Short-Circuit CurrentI
Capacitive Load100pF
OP AMP, A4 and A
5
Input Offset VoltageV
vs TemperaturedV/dTT
vs SupplyPSRRVS = ±4.5V to ±5.5V30250µV/V
vs Common-Mode VoltageCMRR74dB
Input Bias CurrentI
Input Offset CurrentI
Input Voltage Range(V−)(V+) − 2V
Input Noise f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz2µV
f = 1kHz13nV/√Hz
Current Noisei
Open-Loop Voltage GainA
Gain Bandwidth ProductGBW15MHz
Slew RateSR5V/µs
Settling Time 0.01%t
Rated Output(V−) + 0.5(V+) − 0.5V
Short-Circuit CurrentI
= 10kΩ, VCM = GND, unless otherwise noted.
VLOGOUT
OUT
100pA to 3.5mA (7.5 decades)0.9%
1mA to 10mASee Typical Characteristics
100pA to 3.5mA (7.5 decades)0.5%
1mA to 10mASee Typical Characteristics%
MIN
+15°C to +50°C0.7±3%
OS
MIN
B
MIN
CM
n
f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz3µVrms
f = 1kHz30nV/√Hz
f = 1kHz4fA/√Hz
MIN
MIN
OSO
SC
OS
OS
SC
n
B
n
OL
G = −1, 3V Step, CL = 100pF1.5µs
S
LOG114
EquationVO = (0.375V) Log (I1/I2)V
0.0090.017dB
0.08dB
0.0350.21dB
to T
MAX
1.5±3.5%
±1±4mV
to T
MAX
+15µV/°C
±5pA
to T
MAX
Doubles every 10°C
(V−)+1.5 to
(V+)−1.5
±11±50mV
to T
MAX
±15±65mV
(V−) + 0.6(V+) − 0.6V
±18mA
±250±1000µV
to T
MAX
±2µV/°C
−1µA
±0.05µA
2pA/√Hz
100dB
+4/−10mA
V
PP
3
"#$$%
www.ti.com
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V (continued)
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = −5°C to +75°C.
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
PARAMETERUNITSMAXTYPMINCONDITIONS
TOTAL ERROR
FREQUENCY RESPONSE, Core Log
BW, 3dB I1 or I2 =IAC = 10% of IDC value, I
1nA5kHz
10nA12kHz
100nA120kHz
1µA2.3MHz
10µA to 1mA (ratio 1:100)> 5MHz
1mA to 3.5mA (ratio 1:3.5)> 5MHz
3.5mA to 10mA (ratio 1:2.9)> 5MHz
Step ResponseI
Increasing (I1 or I2)
8nA to 240nA (ratio 1:30)0.7µs
10nA to 100nA (ratio 1:10)1.5µs
10nA to 1µA (ratio 1:100)0.15µs
10nA to 10µA (ratio 1:1k)0.07µs
10nA to 1mA (ratio 1:100k)0.06µs
1mA to 10mA (ratio 1:10)1µs
Decreasing (I1 or I2)I
8nA to 240nA (ratio 1:30)1µs
10nA to 100nA (ratio 1:10)2µs
10nA to 1µA (ratio 1:100)0.25µs
10nA to 10µA (ratio 1:1k)0.05µs
10nA to 1mA (ratio 1:100k)0.03µs
1mA to 10mA (ratio 1:10)1µs
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Bandgap Voltage2.5V
Error, Initial±0.15±1%
vs Temperature±25ppm/°C
vs SupplyVS = ±4.5V to ±5.5V±30ppm/V
vs LoadIO = ±2mA±200ppm/mA
Short-Circuit Current±10mA
POWER SUPPL Y
Dual Supply Operating RangeV
Quiescent CurrentI
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specification, T
Operating−40+85°C
Storage−55+125°C
Thermal Resistance, q
(1)
Log conformity error is peak deviation from the best-fit straight line of V
K, equals 0.375V output per decade of input current.
(2)
Scale factor of core log function is trimmed to 0.375V output per decade change of input current.
(3)
Specified by design.
(4)
Worst-case total error for any ratio of I
(5)
Total error includes offset voltage, bias current, gain, and log conformity.
(6)
Small signal bandwidth (3dB) and transient response are a function of the level of input current. Smaller input current amplitude results in lower bandwidth.
(4, 5)
MIN
to T
MAX
JA
= 10kΩ, VCM = GND, unless otherwise noted.
VLOGOUT
(6)
REF
REF
S
Q
, as the largest of the two errors, when I, and I2 are considered separately.
1/I2
LOG114
See Typical Characteristics
= 1µA
REF
= 1µA
= 1µA
±2.4±5.5V
IO = 0±10±15mA
−5+75°C
62°C/W
vs Log (I1/I2) curve expressed as a percent of peak-to-peak full-scale output. Scale factor,
O
4
"#$$%
www.ti.com
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = −5°C to +75°C.
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
CORE LOG FUNCTIONIIN/V
LOG CONFORMITY ERROR
(1)
Initial 1nA to 100µA (5 decades)0.10.25%
Over Temperature1nA to 100µA (5 decades)0.10.4%
TRANSFER FUNCTION (GAIN)
(2)
Initial Scaling Factor10nA to 100µA0.375V/decade
Scaling Factor Error1nA to 100µA0.4±2.5%
Over TemperatureT
INPUT, A1 and A
2
Offset V oltageV
vs TemperaturedV/dTT
vs Power SupplyPSRRVS = +4.5V to +5.5V300µV/V
Input Bias CurrentI
vs TemperatureT
Input Common-Mode Voltage RangeV
Voltage Noisee
Current Noisei
OUTPUT, A3 (V
Output Offset, V
)
LOGOUT
, InitialV
OSO
Over TemperatureT
Full Scale Output (FSO)
(3)
Gain Bandwidth ProductGBWIIN = 1µA50MHz
Short-Circuit CurrentI
Capacitive Load100pF
OP AMP, A4 and A
5
Input Offset VoltageV
vs TemperaturedV/dTT
vs SupplyPSRRVS = +4.8V to +5.5V30µV/V
vs Common-Mode VoltageCMRR70dB
Input Bias CurrentI
Input Offset CurrentI
Input Voltage Range(V−)(V+) − 1.5V
Input Noise f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz1µV
f = 1kHz28nV/√Hz
Current Noisei
Open-Loop Voltage GainA
Gain Bandwidth ProductGBW15MHz
Slew RateSR5V/µs
Settling Time 0.01%t
Rated Output(V−) + 0.5(V+) − 0.5V
Short-Circuit CurrentI
= 10kΩ, VCM = +2.5V, unless otherwise noted.
VLOGOUT
OUT
100pA to 3.5mA (7.5 decades)0.9%
1mA to 10mASee Typical Characteristics
100pA to 3.5mA (7.5 decades)0.5%
1mA to 10mASee Typical Characteristics
MIN
+15°C to +50°C0.7±3%
OS
MIN
B
MIN
CM
n
f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz3µVrms
f = 1kHz30nV/√Hz
n
OSO
f = 1kHz4fA/√Hz
MIN
VS = +5V(V−) + 0.6(V+) − 0.6V
SC
OS
MIN
B
OS
n
OL
G = −1, 3V Step, CL = 100pF1.5µs
S
SC
LOG114
EquationVO = (0.375V) Log (I1/I2) + V
0.0090.022dB
0.08dB
0.0.350.21dB
to T
MAX
0.035±3.5%
±1±7mV
to T
MAX
+30µV/°C
±5pA
to T
MAX
Doubles every 10°C
(V−)+1.5 to
(V+)−1.5
±14±65mV
to T
MAX
±18±80mV
±18mA
±250±4000µV
to T
MAX
±2µV/°C
−1µA
±0.05µA
2pA/√Hz
100dB
+4/−10mA
CM
V
V
PP
5
"#$$%
www.ti.com
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V (continued)
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = −5°C to +75°C.
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
PARAMETERUNITSMAXTYPMINCONDITIONS
TOTAL ERROR
FREQUENCY RESPONSE, Core Log
BW, 3dB I1 or I2 =IAC = 10% of IDC value, I
1nA5kHz
10nA12kHz
100nA120kHz
1µA2.3MHz
10µA to 1mA (ratio 1:100)> 5MHz
1mA to 3.5mA (ratio 1:3.5)> 5MHz
3.5mA to 10mA (ratio 1:2.9)> 5MHz
Step ResponseI
Increasing (I1 or I2)
8nA to 240nA (ratio 1:30)0.7µs
10nA to 100nA (ratio 1:10)1.5µs
10nA to 1µA (ratio 1:100)0.15µs
10nA to 10µA (ratio 1:1k)0.07µs
10nA to 1mA (ratio 1:100k)0.06µs
1mA to 10mA (ratio 1:10)1µs
Decreasing (I1 or I2)I
8nA to 240nA (ratio 1:30)1µs
10nA to 100nA (ratio 1:10)2µs
10nA to 1µA (ratio 1:100)0.25µs
10nA to 10µA (ratio 1:1k)0.05µs
10nA to 1mA (ratio 1:100k)0.03µs
1mA to 10mA (ratio 1:10)1µs
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Bandgap Voltage2.5V
Error, Initial±0.15±1%
vs Temperature±25ppm/°C
vs SupplyVS = +4.8V to +11V±30ppm/V
vs LoadIO = ±2mA±200ppm/mA
Short-Circuit Current±10mA
POWER SUPPL Y
Single Supply Operating RangeV
Quiescent CurrentI
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specification, T
Operating−40+85°C
Storage−55+125°C
Thermal Resistance, q
(1)
Log conformity error is peak deviation from the best-fit straight line of V
K, equals 0.375V output per decade of input current.
(2)
Scale factor of core log function is trimmed to 0.375V output per decade change of input current.
(3)
Specified by design.
(4)
Worst-case total error for any ratio of I
(5)
Total error includes offset voltage, bias current, gain, and log conformity.
(6)
Small signal bandwidth (3dB) and transient response are a function of the level of input current. Smaller input current amplitude results in lower bandwidth.
(4, 5)
MIN
to T
MAX
JA
= 10kΩ, VCM = +2.5V, unless otherwise noted.
VLOGOUT
(6)
REF
REF
S
Q
, as the largest of the two errors, when I, and I2 are considered separately.
1/I2
LOG114
See Typical Characteristics
= 1µA
REF
= 1µA
= 1µA
4.811V
IO = 0±10±15mA
−5+75°C
62°C/W
vs Log (I1/I2) curve expressed as a percent of peak-to-peak full-scale output. Scale factor,
O
6
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
= 10kΩ, VCM = GND, unless otherwise noted.
VLOGOUT
"#$$%
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
2.0
NORMALIZED TRANSFER FUNCTION
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
−
0.5
−
1.0
Normalized Output Voltage (V)
−
1.5
−
2.0
−410−310−210−1
10
SCALING FACTOR ERROR (I
40
30
20
+70_C
10
0
Gain Error (%)
−
10
−
20
0_C
+80_C
+90_C
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
Current Ratio (I1/I2)
+25_C
−10_
C
Input Current (I
110110210
= reference 100pA to 10mA)
2
)
1
ONE CYCLE OF NORMALIZED TRANSFER FUNCTION
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
Normalized Output Voltage (V)
0.05
3
4
10
0
110
Current Ratio (I1/I2)
vs I1INPUT (I2=1µA)
V
2.5
LOGOUT
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
(V)
0
−
LOGOUT
0.5
V
−
1.0
−
1.5
−
2.0
−
2.5
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
Input Current (I
)
1
vs I2INPUT (I1=1µA)
V
2.0
LOGOUT
1.5
1.0
0.5
(V)
0
−
0.5
LOGOUT
V
−
1.0
−
1.5
−
2.0
−
2.5
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA100µA1mA100pA
Input Current (I
)
1
10mA
4
3
2
1
(V)
1µA
100nA
0
LOGOUT
−
1
V
−
2
−
3
−
4
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
V
LOGOUT
10nA
10mA
I
REF(I2
vs I
1nA
1mA
REF
100pA
10µA
100µA
)
7
"#$$%
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V (continued)
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
= 10kΩ, VCM = GND, unless otherwise noted.
VLOGOUT
www.ti.com
100
80
60
40
20
0
−
20
Total Error(mV)
−
40
−
60
I1=10nA
−
80
−
100
100
80
60
40
20
0
−
20
Total Error(mV)
−
40
−
60
−
80
−
100
AVERAGETOTALERRORAT +80_C
I1=10µA
I1=1nA I1= 100nAI1=1µA
400µA600µA800µA
AVERAGE TOTALERRORAT−10_C
I1= 10nA
I1=100µA
I1=10µA
400µA600µA800µA
I
2
I
2
I1=1mA
I1=100µA
I1=1mA
I1= 100nA
I1=1nA
I1=1µA
100
80
60
40
20
0
−
20
Total Error(mV)
−
40
−
60
−
80
−
100
1mA100µA200µA
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
Linearity (%)
0.4
0.2
1mA100µA200µA
0
−
100102030405060708090
AVERAGETOTALERRORAT +25_C
I1=1mA
I1=100µA
I1=1µA
400µA600µA800µA
LOG CONFORMITY vsTEMPERATURE
7.5Decade
6Decade
Temperature(_C)
I
2
4Decade
I1=10µA
5 Decade
I1= 1nA, 10nA,
100nA
1mA100µA200µA
7 Decade
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
Linearity (%)
0.05
0.04
4 DECADE LOG CONFORMITY vs I
+90_C
+80_C
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
I
)
REF(I1
−10_
C
+25_C
REF
0_C
+70_C
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
Linearity (%)
0.10
0.05
0
5 DECADE LOG CONFORMITY vs I
+90_C
+80_C
+70_C
−10_
C, 0_C, +25_C
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
I
)
REF(I1
REF
8
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VS = +5V (continued)
All specifications at TA = +25°C, R
level.
VLOGOUT
= 10kΩ, VCM = GND, unless otherwise noted. For ac measurements, small signal means up to approximately 10% of dc
"#$$%
SBOS301A − MAY 2004 − REVISED MARCH 2007
0.45
6 DECADE LOG CONFORMITY vs I
REF
0.40
+90_C
0.35
0.30
Linearity (%)
+80_C
+70_C
Linearity (%)
0.25
−10_
C, 0_C, +25_C
0.20
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
I
)
REF(I1
20
SMALL−SIGNAL V
LOGOUT
10mA
10
(%)
0
LOGOUT
−
10
−
20
Normalized V
−
30
−
40
10nA
1µA
100nA
100µA
1mA
10µA
Normalized LOG Output (dB)
1001k10k100k1M10M100M10
Frequency (Hz)
8 DECADE LOG CONFORMITY (100pA to 3.5mA)
1.6
1.5
1.4
+90_C
1.3
1.2
1.1
0_C
+70_C
+80_C
1.0
0.9
1nA 10nA 100nA 1µA10µA100µA 1mA 10mA100pA
Input Current (I
SMALL−SIGNALAC RESPONSE I
0
−
5
−
10
−
15
−
20
−
25
−
30
−
35
−
40
−
45
−
50
(10% sine modulation)
1nA1mA
10nA
100nA
1k10k100k1M10M100M100
Frequency (Hz)
1
1µA
or I2)
−10_
10µA
+25_C
C
1
100µA
SMALL−SIGNALAC RESPONSE I
0
−
5
−
10
−
15
−
20
−
25
−
30
−
35
−
40
Normalized LOG Output (dB)
−
45
−
50
(10% sine modulation)
1nA
10nA
1µA
100nA
1k10k100k1M10M100M100
Frequency (Hz)
10µA
2
1mA
100µA
GAIN AND PHASE vs FREQUENCY
A
160
3
225
140
120
180
100
80
60
Gain
40
Gain (dB)
Phase
135
90
)
_
Phase(
20
0
−
20
−
40
1M10M
45
0
40M1001k10k100k
Frequency (Hz)
9
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