Texas Instruments LMX2594 User Manual

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LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO

User's Guide

Literature Number: SNAU210

March 2017

Contents

1 Trademarks......................................................................................................................... 3

2 Evaluation Board Setup ....................................................................................................... 4

3 EVM Description .................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 Installing the Software ................................................................................................... 7

4 Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State ......................................................................................... 9

5 Current Loop Filter Configuration......................................................................................... 11

6 Key Results to Expect......................................................................................................... 12

Appendix A Schematic................................................................................................................ 13

Appendix B Bill of Materials......................................................................................................... 14

Appendix C Board Layers Stack-Up.............................................................................................. 16

Appendix D Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup ................................................................... 17

Appendix E Connecting Reference Pro ......................................................................................... 19

Appendix F Ramping Feature ...................................................................................................... 22

F.1 Ramping Example Waveform........................................................................................ 22

Appendix G SYSREF Feature ...................................................................................................... 24

Appendix H VCO Calibration........................................................................................................ 29

Appendix I Enabling Onboard DC-DC Buck Converter (TPS62150) .................................................. 31

Table of Contents

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User's Guide

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LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise

PLL With Integrated VCO

1 Trademarks

Figure 1. LMX2594EVM

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LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With

Integrated VCO

Evaluation Board Setup

2 Evaluation Board Setup

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Figure 2. LMX2594EVM Setup

SPACER

1. Power: a. Set power supply to 3.3 V with 600-mA current limit and connect to VCCSMA.

2. Input Signal: a. VC-708 100-MHz on-board oscillator enabled (default). To use another reference, see Appendix D.

3. Programming Interface:

• Reference Pro will provide SPI interface to program LMX2594: a. Connect USB cable from laptop or PC to USB port in Reference Pro. This provides power to

Reference Pro Board and communication with TICS GUI

b. Connect 10 pin ribbon cable from Reference Pro to LMX2594EVM as shown above.

4. Output: a. Connect RFoutAM or RFoutAP to a phase noise Analyzer. Connect a 50-Ω on the unused output if

you are using only single-ended. Use a balun if you are using differential.

LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO

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Voltage Regulator

Not Enabled

Diff. RF Output A

Diff. RF Output B

LMX2594

100 MHz XO

Diff. Reference Input Single Ended Signal

Can Be Used

Power Supply 3.3 Volt

Sync

Sys Ref

Lock Indicator LED

Switch to Select:

1) SPI read block

2) Lock Indicator (1 or 2)

Loop Filter Components (*_LF)

Serial Interface Pin-out

2 4 6 8 10

1 3 5 7 9

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3 EVM Description

The LMX2594 is populated on a 4-layer PCB. This brief description should help you use the EVM:

EVM Description

Figure 3. LMX2594EVM Description

The serial interface pin description is as follow:

Table 1. EVM and Serial Interface Connector

Description

NO. NAME

1 2 CSB

3 MUXout 4 SDI 5 Not Used 6 GND 7 RampCLK 8 SCK 9 SysRefReq

10 SYNC

RAMPDIR and CE (Choose with

Resistors on Board)

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LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With

Integrated VCO

EVM Description

The LD switch should be on to enable Lock indicator:

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Figure 4. LD Lock Detect

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3.1 Installing the Software

1. Download TICS Pro from the TI Website at www.ti.com/tool/TICSPRO-SW

2. Install it by following the wizard

3. Search for LMX2594: Click on Select Device From menu bar →PLL+VCO→LMX2594

EVM Description

Figure 5. Search for LMX2594 on TICS Pro

4. You are now ready to use this software. Verify that you can communicate with Reference Pro. Select

interface under USB communications:

Figure 6. USB Communications on TICS Pro

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Integrated VCO

EVM Description

5. Click on identify and you should see the LED (MSP430 Supplied) Blink on Reference Pro

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Figure 7. USB Communication Between TICS Pro and Reference Pro

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4 Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State

Load the default mode by selecting it as shown in Figure 8:

Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State

Figure 8. TICS Pro GUI LMX2594 Default Configuration

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LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With

Integrated VCO

Bringing LMX2594 to a Lock State

For best results, in the User Controls Tab in TICS Pro. Under General Controls, check and uncheck the Reset box. After the reset, Write all registers as shown in Figure 9:

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LMX2594 EVM Instructions – 15-GHz Wideband Low Noise PLL With Integrated VCO

Figure 9. TICS Pro Write All Registers

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5 Current Loop Filter Configuration

The parameters for the loop filters are:

Table 2. Current Loop Filter Configuration

PARAMETER VALUE

VCO Gain 132 MHz/V

Loop Bandwidth 285 kHz

Phase Margin 65 deg

C1_LF 390 pF C2_LF 68 nF C3_LF Open C4_LF 1800 pF

R2 68 Ω R3_LF 0 Ω R4_LF 18 Ω

Effective Charge Pump Gain 15 mA

Phase Detector Frequency (MHz) 200 MHz

VCO Frequency

Current Loop Filter Configuration

Designed for 15 GHz, but works

over the whole frequency range

Figure 10. Current Loop Filter Configuration

For detailed design and simulation, see the PLLatinum Sim Tool. For application notes, blogs,or videos on our products, see http://www.ti.com/pll.

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Integrated VCO

Key Results to Expect

6 Key Results to Expect

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Figure 11. Phase Noise Plot at 14-GHz Output Frequency

This assumes that the input reference is very clean, such as a 100-MHz Wenzel oscillator. A signal generator is NOT sufficiently clean. The LMX2594 requires an external reference.

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Appendix A

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Schematic

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Figure 12. Schematic

Schematic

Appendix B

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Bill of Materials

Table 3. Bill of Materials

DESIGNATOR DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER QUANTITY

!PCB Printed-Circuit Board Any SV601308 1

C1, C3, C9, C14,

C15, C17, C30

C1_LF

C2, C4, C8, C16

C2_LF

C4_LF

C5, C6, C7, C10,

C11, C12

C13, C18, C23, C24, C26, C27,

C28, C29

C19, C20, C21,

C22, C25

CE_TP, CSB_TP,

GND_TP,

MUXout_TP,

RampCLK_TP,

RampDIR_TP,

SCK_TP, SDI_TP,

SYNC_TP,

SysRefReq_TP,

Vcc_TP,

VccRF_TP,

Vtune_TP

Cin_0

Cout0

Css

D1 LED, Green, SMD Lite-On LTST-C190GKT 1

L1, L2

L1_TPS

LBL1

MUXout_SW

CAP, CERM, 0.1 µF, 16 V, ±5%,

CAP, CERM, 0.068 µF, 50 V,

CAP, CERM, 1800 pF, 50 V,

CAP, CERM, 0.01 µF, 16 V,

CAP, CERM, 1 µF, 16 V, ±10%,

Test Point, Compact, White, TH Keystone 5007 13

CAP, CERM, 3300 pF, 50 V,

Inductor, Multilayer, Air Core, 18

Inductor, Shielded, Composite,

Labels, 0.650" W x 0.200" H -

Switch, SPST, Slide, Off-On, 2

X7R, 0603

CAP, CERM, 390 pF, 50 V,

±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603

CAP, CERM, 10 µF, 10 V,

±10%, X5R, 0805

±10%, X7R, 0603

±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603

±10%, X7R, 0402

X7R, 0603

CAP, CERM, 10 µF, 10 V,

±20%, X5R, 0603

CAP, CERM, 10 µF, 25 V,

±10%, X5R, 0805

CAP, CERM, 22 µF, 16 V,

±10%, X5R, 0805

±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603

nH, 0.3 A, 0.36 Ω, SMD

2.2 µH, 3.7 A, 0.02 Ω, SMD Thermal Transfer Printable

10,000 per roll

Pos, 0.1 A, 20 V, SMD

CTS Electrocomponents 219-2MST 1

AVX 0603YC104JAT2A 7

Kemet C0603C391J5GACTU 1

Kemet C0805C106K8PACTU 4

MuRata GRM188R71H683KA93D 1

MuRata GRM1885C1H182JA01D 1

AT Ceramics 520L103KT16T 6

TDK C1608X7R1C105K080AC 8

TDK C1608X5R1A106M080AC 5

MuRata GRM219R61E106KA12D 1

TDK C2012X5R1C226K125AC 1

MuRata GRM1885C1H332JA01D 1

MuRata LQG15HS18NJ02D 2

Coilcraft XFL4020-222MEB 1

Brady THT-14-423-10 1

Bill of Materials

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Appendix B

Table 3. Bill of Materials (continued)

DESIGNATOR DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER QUANTITY

OSCinM, OSCinP,

SYNC, SysRef,

Vcc

R1 RES, 330 Ω, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Yageo America RC0603JR-07330RL 1 R2 RES, 100 k, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603100KJNEA 1

R2_LF RES, 68, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060368R0JNEA 1

R3_LF, R12, R15,

R24b, R26, R29b,

R31, R34, R35, R36, R41, R42,

R43, R44, R45

R4_LF RES, 18, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060318R0JNEA 1

R5, R7, R8, R9,

R16, R19, R20,

R22 R33 RES, 10 Ω, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060310R0JNEA 1 R32 RES, 100, 1%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603100RFKEA 1

R37, R38, R39,

R40

Rfbb1 RES, 180 k, 0.1%, 0.1 W, 0603 Yageo America RT0603BRD07180KL 1

Rfbt1 RES, 562 k, 1%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603562KFKEA 1

RFoutAM, RFoutAP, RFoutBM,

RFoutBP

uWire

C3_LF

FID5, FID6, FID10,

FID11

PinControl

R3, R4, R6, R10,

R17, R18, R21,

R23

R11, R14, R24,

R29, Rtps1, Rtps2

R13 RES, 100, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603100RJNEA 0 R25, R30 RES, 51, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060351R0JNEA 0 R27, R28 RES, 140, 1%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW0603140RFKEA 0

Rtps RES, 0, 5%, 0.125 W, 0805 Vishay-Dale CRCW08050000Z0EA 0

Connector, SMT, End launch

SMA 50 ohm

RES, 0, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW06030000Z0EA 15

RES, 12 kΩ, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060312K0JNEA 8

RES, 50, 0.1%, 0.05 W, 0402 Vishay-Dale FC0402E50R0BST1 4

JACK, SMA, 50 Ω, Gold, Edge

Mount

High Performance, Wideband

PLLatinum RF Synthesizer,

RHA0040A (VQFN-40)

Buck Step-Down Regulator with

3 to 17 V Input and 0.9 to 6 V

Output, –40 to 85°C, 16-Pin

QFN (RGT), Green (RoHS and

no Sb/Br)

Header (shrouded), 100 mil,

5x2, Gold plated, SMD

Crystal Oscillator, 100 MHz,

LVDS, 3.3V, SMD

CAP, CERM, 300 pF, 100 V,

±5%, C0G/NP0, 0603

Fiducial mark. There is nothing

to buy or mount.

Header, 100 mil, 4x2, Gold,

SMT

RES, 12 kΩ, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603 Vishay-Dale CRCW060312K0JNEA 0

RES, 0, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603, RES,

0, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603, RES, 0,

5%, 0.1 W, 0603, RES, 0, 5%,

0.1 W, 0603, RES, 0 Ω, 5%,

0.1W, 0603, RES, 0 Ω, 5%, 0.1 W, 0603

Emerson Network Power

Connectivity

Johnson 142-0771-831 4

Texas Instruments LMX2594RHAR 1

Texas Instruments TPS62150RGTR 0

FCI 52601-S10-8LF 1

Vectron

MuRata GRM1885C2A301JA01D 0

N/A N/A 0

Molex 0015910080 0

Vishay-Dale CRCW06030000Z0EA 0

142-0701-851 5

VC-708-EDE-FNXN-

100M000000

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Bill of Materials

Total Board thickness is 62 mils.

Appendix C

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Board Layers Stack-Up

Figure 13. Board Layer Stack-Up

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Appendix D

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Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup

The reference can be single-ended or differential. To measure the performance of the PLL ONLY, the reference should have at least this level of performance. We understand that this can be a challenge at 100-Hz offset:

Table 4. Reference Oscillator Requirements

100-MHz REFERENCE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR A 0.4-dB IMPACT ON PLL INBAND PN

Offset [Hz] 100 1k 10k 100k

Noise level [

dBc/Hz]

(1)

A noise source 10 dB down from the PLL noise will contribute to raise the noise by 0.4 dB.

–139 –149 –159 –164

There are different options to provide a reference oscillator to LMX2594: Use on-board oscillator (default), Enable LMK61xx from Reference Pro PCB, use external oscillator.

By default the onboard oscillator is enabled. To use external reference, onboard oscillator must be disabled. Having multiple 100 MHz enabled or powered sharing VCCor Gnd will degrade the phase noise performance of LMX2594.

For differential pair connection:

1. Switch R24b to R24.

2. Switch R29b to R29

3. Must remove R33 to remove power from oscillator

(1)

Figure 14. Single-Ended Reference Configuration

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Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup

Appendix D

For single-ended:

1. Switch R24b to R24.

2. Switch R29b to R29

3. Must remove R33 to remove power from oscillator

4. Populate R25 and R30.

5. Remove R32

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Figure 15. Differential Reference Configuration

Changing Reference Oscillator and Setup

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Appendix E

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Connecting Reference Pro

1. To use Reference Pro, change the configuration for SE or differential connection as shown on

Appendix D.

2. Change jumper position on Reference Pro, connect middle pin of OE header to Vdd.

Figure 16. Reference Pro Output Enable Header

Figure 17. LMX2594EVM Setup With Reference Pro

The LMK61PD0A2 has several control pins dedicated for control of output format, output frequency, and output enable control. These control pins can be configured through the jumpers shown in Table 5 and

Table 6.

Jumpers FS1, FS0, OS, and OE can be used to configure the corresponding control pin to either high or low state by strapping the center pin to VDD position (tie pins 2-3) or GND position (tie pins 1-2), respectively. Connections from the VDD position to the device supply or from the GND position to the ground plane are connected by 1.5-kΩ resistors.

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Appendix E

The OS pin is used to bias internal drivers and change the output type. It is imperative to match the output termination passive components as shown on Table 7 with the output type from Table 6.

Table 7 lists component values for each configuration.

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Table 5. Output Frequency of LMK61PD0A2 (Reference Pro)

FS1 FS0 OUTPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)

0 0 100 0 NC 312.5

0 1 125 NC 0 106.25 NC NC 156.25 NC 1 212.5

1 0 62.5

Table 6. OutputType of LMK61PD0A2 (Reference Pro)

OS OE OUTPUT TYPE

X O Disabled (PLL Functional)

0 1 LVPECL NC 1 LVDS

1 1 HCSL

Table 7. Output Termination Schemes

OUTPUT FORMAT COUPLING COMPONENT VALUE

LVPECL AC

(2)

LVDS

HCSL AC R25, R28 0 Ω

(1)

50 Ω to VCC– 2? V termination is required on receiver.

(2)

100-Ω differential termination (R31) is provided on Reference Pro PCB. Removing the differential termination on the EVM is possible if the differential termination is available on the receiver.

(default EVM configuration)

(1)

AC R25, R28, R27, R30 0 Ω

DC R25, R27, R28, R30, C24, C25 0 Ω

DC R25, R28 0 Ω

R25, R28 0 Ω R26, R29 150 Ω C24, C25 0.01 uF R27, R30, R31 DNP R25, R28, C24, C25 0 Ω R26, R29, R27, R30, R31 DNP

R31 100 Ω C24, C25 0.01 uF R26, R29 DNP

R31 100 Ω R26, R29 DNP

R26, R29 50 Ω C24, C25 0 Ω R27, R30, R31 DNP

R26, R29 50 Ω C24, C25 0.01 uF R27. R30, R31 DNP

Connecting Reference Pro

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Appendix E

Figure 18. LMK61PD0A2 Output Termination

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Connecting Reference Pro

F.1 Ramping Example Waveform

VCO is ramping from 8 to 10 GHz and being dividing by 4 so that it can be seen with the HP53310A. This can be set up on the ramp GUI tab.

Appendix F

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Ramping Feature

Figure 19. Ramping Example Tics

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Ramping Example Waveform

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Figure 20. Ramping Example

Ramping Feature

1. Bring LMX2594 to a Lock State

2. Perform Sync

Appendix G

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SYSREF Feature

3. Configure TICS Pro PLL tab for SysRef

• Check the SYSREF_EN box

• Change OUTB_MUX to SysRef

• Uncheck the OUT_PD box

SYSREF Feature

Figure 21. Perform Sync For SysRef

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Appendix G

Figure 22. Configure and Enable SysRef

4. Confirm the Interpolator Frequency is between 800 MHz and 1500 MHz

• If not, change the SYSREF_DIV_PRE drop-down to Div2 or Div4 to reach an appropriate Interpolator Frequency for the current configuration

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SYSREF Feature

Appendix G

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Figure 23. Interpolator Frequency For SysRef

5. Go to User Controls in the side bar and check the SysRefReq box under the Pins section

SYSREF Feature

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Appendix G

Figure 24. Check SysRefReq Box on User Controls Tab

6. To modify SysRef Frequency, change the value in the SYSREF_DIV box

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SYSREF Feature

Appendix G

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Figure 25. Modifying SysRef Frequency

Table 8. SysRef Modes

MODE NAME DESCRIPTION TICS PRO - SYS REF SETTINGS

Master -

Continuos

Master - Pulse

Repeater

LMX2594 generates SysRef pulses as long as SysRefReq pin is held

high.

LMX2594 generates a finite number of pulses as long as the

SysRefReq pin is held high. Note: SysRefReq must be held high for

the duration of the pulses.

RFOUTB will repeat external input to SysRefReq pin. Output will be

reclocked to LMX2594 internal Frequency

Default mode. See quick start

instructions

• Uncheck SysRefReq under Pins in User Controls tab

• Check SYSREF_PULSE

• Set SYSREF_PULSE_CNT to

desired number of pulses

• Check SysRefReq under Pins in

User Controls tab

• Uncheck SysRefReq

• Check SysRef_Repeat

SYSREF Feature

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Appendix H

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VCO Calibration

1. Connect an oscilloscope probe (high impedance) to MUXout of the device

2. Set trigger to about the center of the MUXout swing (approximately 1.6 V)

3. Set MUXOUT_SEL register R0[2] to a value of 1 for lock detect

4. Set your desired output frequency to lock to

5. Trigger the calibration with FCAL_EN register R0[3] to a value of 1

6. Observe the triggered pulse, there should be a pulse from MUXout digital HIGH to LOW and back to HIGH (the low indicates the instant calibration is triggered and running, then high is when done calibration). Adjust the time scale to capture the pulse (approximately 300 µs to start)

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Figure 26. Unassisted Calibration TICS

VCO Calibration

Appendix H

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Figure 27. Unassisted Calibration Plot

VCO Calibration

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Appendix I

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Enabling Onboard DC-DC Buck Converter (TPS62150)

Figure 28. Resistor Configuration to Enable DC-DC

1. MUST SWITCH R35 to Rtps1

2. MUST SWITCH R34 to Rtps2

3. Populate Rtps

4. DC-DC circuitry was optimized for efficiency for 5 to 8 V, but a voltage of 3.3 V to 17 V can be applied to VCC SMA after resistor network is configured correctly from steps above.

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Enabling Onboard DC-DC Buck Converter (TPS62150)

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Texas Instruments LMX2594 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual