Teledyne 8-Zi-Zi-A User Manual

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Getting Started Manual

WaveMaster 8 Zi/Zi-A Oscilloscopes

Getting Started Manual

February, 2013

Unauthorized duplication of Teledyne LeCroy documentation materials other than for internal sales and distribution purposes is strictly prohibited. However, clients are encouraged to distribute and duplicate Teledyne LeCroy documentation for their own internal educational purposes.

WaveMaster and Teledyne LeCroy are registered trademarks of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Other product or brand names are trademarks or requested trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications subject to change without notice.

Warranty

NOTE: THE WARRANTY BELOW REPLACES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,

INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS, OR ADEQUACY FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. TELEDYNE LECROY SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE. THE CUSTOMER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION AND INSURANCE CHARGES FOR THE RETURN OF PRODUCTS TO THE SERVICE FACILITY. TELEDYNE LECROY WILL RETURN ALL PRODUCTS UNDER WARRANTY WITH TRANSPORT PREPAID.

The oscilloscope is warranted for normal use and operation, within specifications, for a period of three years from shipment. Teledyne LeCroy will either repair or, at our option, replace any product returned to one of our authorized service centers within this period. However, in order to do this we must first examine the product and find that it is defective due to workmanship or materials and not due to misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions or operation.

Teledyne LeCroy shall not be responsible for any defect, damage, or failure caused by any of the following: a) attempted repairs or installations by personnel other than Teledyne LeCroy representatives or b) improper connection to incompatible equipment, or c) for any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Teledyne LeCroy supplies. Furthermore, Teledyne LeCroy shall not be obligated to service a product that has been modified or integrated where the modification or integration increases the task duration or difficulty of servicing the oscilloscope. Spare and replacement parts, and repairs, all have a 90-day warranty.

The oscilloscope's firmware has been thoroughly tested and is presumed to be functional. Nevertheless, it is supplied without warranty of any kind covering detailed performance. Products not made by Teledyne LeCroy are covered solely by the warranty of the original equipment manufacturer.

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Getting Started Manual

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Welcome ........................................................................................... 1

Safety Instructions ............................................................................. 2

Symbols .............................................................................................. 2

Precautions ........................................................................................ 2

Operating Environment ..................................................................... 3

Cooling ............................................................................................... 3

Cleaning ............................................................................................. 4

Calibration.......................................................................................... 4

Power ................................................................................................. 4

Hardware .......................................................................................... 6

The Front of Your Oscilloscope .......................................................... 6

Front Panel ......................................................................................... 7

Input/Output Panel ............................................................................ 9

The Back of Your Oscilloscope ......................................................... 10

Basic Controls .................................................................................. 11

Front Panel Controls ........................................................................ 11

Probe and Signal Interfaces .............................................................. 17

Overview .......................................................................................... 17

Probe Interfaces............................................................................... 18

ProLink Interface Adapters .............................................................. 22

ProLink Probe Adapters ................................................................... 24

Probes .............................................................................................. 24

Passive Probe Compensation .......................................................... 25

Display ............................................................................................ 26

Screen Layout, Groupings, and Controls ......................................... 26

Menu Bar ......................................................................................... 26

The Quick Access Toolbar ................................................................ 27

The Signal Display Grid .................................................................... 27

Trace Descriptor Labels ................................................................... 29

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Dialog Area ....................................................................................... 33

Shortcut Toolbar Buttons ................................................................. 38

Message Bar ..................................................................................... 39

Turning on Channels and Traces ....................................................... 39

Timebase ......................................................................................... 40

Overview .......................................................................................... 40

Timebase Setup and Control ............................................................ 40

Combining Channels ........................................................................ 41

Sampling Modes .............................................................................. 45

Overview .......................................................................................... 45

Selecting a Sampling Mode .............................................................. 45

Single-shot Sampling Mode ............................................................. 45

Sequence Sampling Mode – Working with Segments ..................... 46

RIS Sampling Mode for Higher Sampling Rates ............................... 53

Roll Mode ......................................................................................... 54

Vertical ............................................................................................ 54

Overview .......................................................................................... 54

Channel Controls .............................................................................. 55

Shortcut Toolbar Buttons ................................................................. 57

Pre-Processing Controls ................................................................... 58

Response Optimization Modes ........................................................ 59

Trigger ............................................................................................. 61

Overview .......................................................................................... 61

Trigger Types .................................................................................... 62

Trigger Settings ................................................................................ 67

Trigger Setup .................................................................................... 68

TriggerScan....................................................................................... 73

Viewing Waveforms ......................................................................... 77

Display .............................................................................................. 77

Persistence ....................................................................................... 82

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iii

WaveStream Display Mode ............................................................. 84

Adjusting Trace Intensity ................................................................. 84

Zooming Waveforms ........................................................................ 85

Overview .......................................................................................... 85

Previewing Zoomed Waveforms ...................................................... 85

Zooming a Single Channel ................................................................ 86

Touch-and-Drag Zooming ................................................................ 88

Quickly Zooming Waveforms and Multiple Waveforms.................. 88

Turning Off Zoom ............................................................................. 88

Measuring with Cursors ................................................................... 89

Overview .......................................................................................... 89

Cursor Types .................................................................................... 89

Cursors Setup ................................................................................... 89

Measurement Parameters ................................................................ 92

Overview .......................................................................................... 92

Parameter Setup .............................................................................. 93

Measure Modes ............................................................................... 95

Help Markers ................................................................................... 95

Measurement Parameter Analysis .................................................... 98

Overview .......................................................................................... 98

Creating and Viewing a Histogram .................................................. 99

Creating and Viewing a Trend ........................................................ 105

Creating a Track View .................................................................... 106

Pass-Fail Parameter Testing ........................................................... 107

Math ............................................................................................. 114

Overview ........................................................................................ 114

Math Setup .................................................................................... 115

Mask Testing ................................................................................. 117

Creating a Mask ............................................................................. 117

Quick Access to Pass/Fail Setup Dialogs ........................................ 118

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Removing a Mask from the Display ............................................... 118

Right-Hand Dialogs ......................................................................... 119

WaveScan Overview ...................................................................... 120

Signal Views ................................................................................... 121

Search Modes ................................................................................ 122

Parameter Measurements ............................................................. 122

Sampling Mode .............................................................................. 122

Customization Overview ................................................................ 123

Documenting Your Work Using LabNotebook ................................. 124

Overview ........................................................................................ 124

LabNotebook Dialog ....................................................................... 125

Notebook Entries ........................................................................... 126

Save/Recall .................................................................................... 129

Overview ........................................................................................ 129

Saving and Recalling Setups ........................................................... 130

Saving and Recalling Waveforms ................................................... 131

Utilities ......................................................................................... 136

Overview ........................................................................................ 136

Utilities Setup ................................................................................. 136

Disk Utilities ................................................................................... 147

Preferences Setup .......................................................................... 148

System Recovery ........................................................................... 156

Restoring Software with Acronis True Image ................................ 156

Reference ...................................................................................... 160

Specifications ................................................................................. 160

Certifications .................................................................................. 160

Windows License Agreement ........................................................ 163

X-Stream Software End-User License Agreement ......................... 164

Contact Teledyne LeCroy ............................................................... 174

Index ............................................................................................. 175

Getting Started Manual

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Welcome

Thank you for purchasing a Teledyne LeCroy product. We're certain you'll be pleased with the detailed features so unique to our instruments.

This WaveMaster8 Zi/Zi-A Getting Started Manual is designed to cover important safety and installation information for your oscilloscope, along with standard procedures so you're quickly working on waveforms. The Teledyne LeCroy website at teledynelecroy.com maintains the most current specification information and the online help file on your instrument may be accessed for more comprehensive documentation. Sections of the online help residing on your oscilloscope may be printed and transferring the help file itself to a USB memory device is a fairly common procedure. Details on how to access your online help file can be found in a .pdf file on the desktop of your oscilloscope.

This manual is arranged in the following manner:

 Physical features such as hardware, basic controls, display  Core oscilloscope functions such as timebase and vertical setup  Special features such as customization, LabNotebook, Save/Recall

(File) functions, and Utilities

 Reference, including certifications and contact information

When your product is delivered, verify that you’ve received all items on the packing list or invoice copy. Contact your nearest Teledyne LeCroy customer service center or national distributor if anything is missing or damaged. We can only be responsible for replacement if you contact us immediately.

We truly hope you enjoy using Teledyne LeCroy's fine products.

Sincerely,

David C. Graef

Teledyne LeCroy Corporation Vice President and Chief Technology Officer

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CAUTION of damage to instrument, or WARNING of hazard to health. Attend to the accompanying information to protect against personal injury or damage. Do not proceed until conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING. Risk of electro-shock.

Measurement ground connection. Safety (protective) ground connection.

Alternating Current.

Standby Power (front of instrument). Power On (rear power switch); connected to AC mains.

Power Off (rear power switch); disconnected from AC mains.

Safety Instructions

This section contains instructions that must be observed to keep the instrument operating in a correct and safe condition. You are required to follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the precautions specified in this section. The overall safety of any system incorporating this instrument is the responsibility of the assembler of the system.

Symbols

These symbols appear on the instrument's front or rear panels and in its documentation to alert you to important safety considerations.

Precautions

Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord shipped with this instrument and certified for the country of use.

Maintain ground. This product is grounded through the power cord grounding conductor. To avoid electric shock, connect only to a grounded mating outlet.

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Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect/disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Observe all terminal ratings. Do not apply a voltage to any input (C1, C2, C3, C4 or EXT) that exceeds the maximum rating of that input. Refer to the front of the oscilloscope for maximum input ratings.

Use only within operational environment listed. Do not use in wet or explosive atmospheres.

Use indoors only.

Keep product surfaces clean and dry.

Do not block the cooling vents. Leave a minimum six-inch (15 cm) gap

between the instrument and the nearest object. Keep the underside clear of papers and other objects.

Do not remove the covers or inside parts. Refer all maintenance to qualified service personnel.

Do not operate with suspected failures. Do not use the product if any part is damaged. Obviously incorrect measurement behaviors (such as failure to calibrate) might indicate impairment due to hazardous live electrical quantities. Cease operation immediately and sequester the instrument from inadvertent use.

Operating Environment

Temperature: 5 to 40 °C.

Humidity: Maximum relative humidity 80 % for temperatures up to 31 °C

decreasing linearly to 50 % relative humidity at 40 °C (or at the upper operational temperature limit).

Altitude: Up to 10,000 ft (3,048 m) at or below 25 °C.

Cooling

The instrument relies on forced air cooling with internal fans and vents. Take care to avoid restricting the airflow to any part of the oscilloscope. Around the sides and rear, leave a minimum of 15 cm (6 inches) between the instrument and the nearest object. At the bottom, the oscilloscope feet (up or down) provide adequate clearance.

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CAUTION. Do not block oscilloscope vents. Always keep the area beneath the oscilloscope clear of paper and other items.

The instrument also has internal fan control circuitry that regulates the fan speed based on the ambient temperature. This is performed automatically after start-up.

Cleaning

Clean only the exterior of the oscilloscope using a damp, soft cloth. Do not use harsh chemicals or abrasive elements. Under no circumstances submerge the instrument or allow moisture to penetrate it. Avoid electric shock by unplugging the power cord from the AC outlet before cleaning.

CAUTION. Do not attempt to clean internal parts. Refer to qualified service personnel.

Calibration

The oscilloscope is calibrated at the factory prior to being shipped. The recommended calibration interval is one year. Calibration should be performed by qualified personnel only.

The oscilloscope software includes automatic and manual calibration functions.

CAUTION. It is required that all inputs be removed from the oscilloscope prior to performing a manual calibration.

Schedule an annual factory calibration as part of your regular maintenance. Extended warranty, calibration, and upgrade plans are available for purchase. Contact your Teledyne LeCroy sales representative or customersupport@teledynelecroy.com to purchase a service plan.

Power

AC Power Source

100 to 240 VAC (+/-10%) at 45-66; 100-120 VAC at 380-420 Hz; Automatic AC voltage selection; Installation Category: 300V CAT II.

Manual voltage selection is not required because the instrument automatically adapts to line voltage.

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Power Consumption

≤ 975 watts (975 VA) for 4 - 16 GHz 8 Zi series models and 4 - 20 GHz 8 Zi-A series models.

≤ 1025 watts (1025 VA) for 20 - 30 GHz 8 Zi series models and 25 - 45 GHz 8 Zi-A series models (depending on accessories installed).

Power consumption in Standby Mode: 22 Watts.

Power and Ground Connections

The instrument is provided with a 15A/250V 14AWG rated grounded cord set containing a molded three-terminal polarized plug and a specific IEC60320 (Type C15) connector for making line voltage and safety ground connections.

The AC inlet ground is connected directly to the frame of the instrument. For adequate protection again electric shock, connect to a mating outlet with a safety ground contact.

WARNING. Interrupting the protective conductor inside or outside the oscilloscope, or disconnecting the safety ground terminal, creates a hazardous situation. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Standby Power

The Standby (Power) button controls the operational state of the oscilloscope. Press the button to switch the instrument into Standby mode (reduced power); press it again to return to full operation.

Always use the Standby button or the File > Shutdown menu option to execute a proper shut down process and preserve settings before powering down.

The Standby button does not disconnect the oscilloscope from the AC power supply. The only way to fully power down the instrument is to turn the rear Power switch to the Off position, then unplug the AC power cord from the outlet.

We recommend unplugging the instrument if it will be unused for a long period of time.

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Number and Description

1. Power Button

2. Channel Row

LED Indicator

3. Channel Inputs

4. Auxiliary Input

and Output

5. Volume Control

and Mute Button

6. Ground

Connector

7. Speaker

8. Fast Edge,

Recovered Clock, and Data Outputs

9. USB Ports

10. Detachable Front

Panel Control

11. Front Panel

Control Release Switch

Hardware

The Front of Your Oscilloscope

Numbered labels on this image correspond with descriptions on the following table.

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Front Panel

Detaching and Attaching the Front Panel Control

Detach the Front Panel Control from the oscilloscope by sliding the detachment lever to the left and pulling at the right.

Attach the front panel by inserting the lower part first, sliding the detachment lever to the left, and then pushing the top in place.

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Front Panel as a Remote Control

While detached, your front panel (standard or 4 channel version) can be used as a remote control. Just plug-and-play connect to the oscilloscope using the USB - A to USB - Mini B cable provided.

Note: While a standard front panel comes with your Zi oscilloscope, Teledyne LeCroy offers additional standard front panels or a 4 channel version (as follows) to better suit the way you work. Learn more and Contact Teledyne LeCroy for Support.

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Number and Description

1. LBUS (Teledyne LeCroy Bus)

2. Mouse Port

3. Keyboard Port

4. HDMI Port

5. DVI Port

6. External VGA Monitor Port

7. USB Ports

8. E-SATA Port

9. Ethernet Ports

10. Line In

11. Speakers

12. Microphone

Input/Output Panel

Input/output connectors are sometimes located on the right side (facing the front of the instrument) or on the rear of the instrument:

WaveMaster 8 Zi / Zi-A oscilloscopes I/O panel.

Numbers on this image of the I/O Panel correspond with descriptions on the following table. The exact location of a port will vary by model.

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Number and Description

1. 10 MHz Reference

Clock Input (Grounded EMI Shield required when port is not in use)

2. 10 MHz Reference

Clock Output

3. Removable Hard

Drive

4. DVD-CD + R Drive

5. Power Switch

6. AC Power Plug

The Back of Your Oscilloscope

Numbers on this image correspond with descriptions in the following table.

Back of the WaveMaster 8 Zi.

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Basic Controls

Front Panel Controls

The front panel is divided into sections based on various functions.

Note: Many Front Panel Controls duplicate Display controls. For example, depending on how it is configured, the front panel Print button duplicates the File > Print menu option.

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Miscellaneous Controls / WaveStream Indicator

 Help - Press to open the Teledyne LeCroy Online Assistant where

you can click to open the oscilloscope online help table of contents, index, or search for a topic using a keyword. If the second monitor is installed, the online help opens on the second monitor.

 Default Setup - Press to reset the oscilloscope's settings to the

default configuration. Corresponds with screen menu selection: File

→ Recall Setup → Recall Default Setup.... For a list of default

settings, see Save/Recall → Saving and Recalling Setups (on page

130).

 Auto Setup - Press once and the Auto Setup... flyout menu opens.

OR From the menu bar, touch the Auto Setup... selection from the

Vertical, Timebase, or Trigger menus.

Press the Auto Setup... button on the flyout menu to perform a full auto setup.

Press a Channel Find Scale button on the flyout menu to perform a quick auto setup for that channel only. Press the AUTO SETUP... front panel button twice to perform the last selection from the Auto Setup... flyout menu (the default is to perform a full auto setup).

If Auto Setup is run when no channels are turned on, all channels are affected. When more than one channel is turned on, the first channel with a signal applied to it is automatically set up for edge triggering.

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Perform an autosetup of all these functions together by pressing the Auto Setup... front panel button.

 WaveStream - Indicates when WaveStream mode is ON.  Intensity - Press to toggle between WaveStream OFF and ON for

Analog Persistence and WaveStream ON for Color Persistence. When you turn the knob, if WaveStream is ON, the WaveStream display intensity changes. When you turn the knob, if WaveStream is OFF, changes the Intensity setting. Corresponds with the screen menu selection: Display → Display Setup (on page 78).

Trigger Front Panel Controls

 Level - Pressing this button sets the trigger level to 50%. Turn the

knob to change the trigger threshold level. The threshold level is indicated on the Trigger label.

 READY and TRIG'D Indicators - The READY indicator is lit when the

trigger is armed. TRIG'D is lit momentarily when a trigger occurs. A fast trigger rate causes the light to stay lit continuously.

 Setup - Press once to open the Trigger Setup... dialog. Corresponds

with screen menu selection: Trigger → Trigger Setup.... Press the

Trigger SETUP front panel button again to close the Trigger Setup... dialog.

 Auto - Press to turn on Auto Trigger mode, which triggers the

oscilloscope after a time-out, even if the trigger conditions are not met.

 Normal - Press to turn on Normal Trigger mode, which triggers the

oscilloscope each time a signal is present that meets the conditions set for the type of trigger selected.

 Single - Press to turn on Single Trigger mode, which arms the

oscilloscope to trigger once (single-shot acquisition) when the input

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signal meets the trigger conditions set for the type of trigger selected. If the scope is already armed, it will force a trigger.

 Stop - Press to prevent the scope from triggering on a signal. If you

boot up the instrument with the trigger in Stop mode, a no trace available message is shown. Press the Trigger AUTO front panel button to display your trace.

Horizontal Front Panel Controls

Note: Horizontal front panel controls correspond with screen menu

selection: Timebase → Horizontal Setup....

 Delay - Press to toggle between a zero horizontal delay value and

the previous horizontal delay value. Turn to change the horizontal delay value.

 Time/Div - Turn to set the time/division of the oscilloscope timebase

(acquisition system).

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Vertical Front Panel Controls

Note: You can turn channels on and off using the software as explained in

Vertical Overview (on page 54).

 Channels - The channel buttons control both channel ON/OFF and

which channel is active for the Vertical Offset and Volts/Div knobs controls. If a channel is OFF, pressing that channel button turns it on and makes it active. If a channel button is ON, pressing that channel button makes it active, and then pressing it a second time turns it OFF.

 Offset - Press to toggle between a zero vertical offset value and the

previous vertical offset value for the selected channel. Turn to change the vertical offset value for the selected channel.

 Gain - Press to toggle between fixed and variable gain adjustment.

Turn to change the gain value.

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Zoom and Math Front Panel Controls

Note: Zoom and Math front panel controls correspond with screen menu

selection: Math → Zoom Setup....

 Horizontal Position - Press to reset the horizontal zoom position to

zero. Turn to change the horizontal position of the selected math or zoom trace.

 Horizontal Ratio - Press to toggle between fixed and variable

horizontal zoom ratio adjustment. Turn to change the horizontal zoom ratio of the selected math trace.

 Quick Zoom - Press to automatically display magnified views of up to

four signal inputs on multiple grids. With four input signals, the signals are displayed along with four zoom traces, each on its own grid. Pressing this button also turns off all other traces.

 Vertical Position - Press to reset the vertical zoom position to zero.

Turn to change the vertical position of the selected math or zoom trace.

 Vertical Ratio - Press to toggle between fixed and variable vertical

zoom ratio adjustment. Turn to change the vertical zoom ratio of the selected math trace.

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Probe and Signal Interfaces

Overview

Teledyne LeCroy oscilloscopes are equipped with a variety of connection interfaces to allow connection of cables directly to the oscilloscope channels, or to allow probe connections to the oscilloscope. When probes are connected, a probe interface is used to power the probe (as necessary), to recognize the probe type and its characteristics, and to communicate to and from the probe to completely integrate the probe with the oscilloscope channel in a number of ways. For instance, active single-ended and differential voltage probes and current probes use these interfaces upload gain and offset correction factors from the probe EEPROM's and, in some cases, automatically compensates responses to achieve fully-calibrated measurements.

Some oscilloscope product series support multiple probe and connection interfaces. This can be an advantage when the highest speed signal on a design requires the use of a high-bandwidth oscilloscope, yet it is also highly desired to view other low-speed signals in conjunction with the highest-speed signals so as to debug or analyze a complicated embedded design. An example would be a high-speed serial data interface, such as PCIe, that may interoperate with low-speed signals, such as I2C or power supply lines. In this case, the multiple connection interfaces in a single highbandwidth oscilloscope would allow connection of passive voltage probes, current probes, and high-bandwidth differential probes without the use of additional adapters that cost extra money and may be easily lost or misplaced. Multiple probe and connection interfaces also provide users the ability to connect two probes to the circuit on a single channel and switch between them without disconnecting and re-connecting probes from the circuit. This function is remotely programmable allowing the interface to operate like a switch, and the ability to select four out of eight inputs provides unheard of connection flexibility.

Note: AUX INPUT and AUX OUTPUT connections are typically located on the Front of the oscilloscope.

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Probe Interfaces

Teledyne LeCroy oscilloscopes utilize one or more proprietary probe interfaces providing a complete measurement solution from probe tip to oscilloscope display. Compared to standard BNC and Probe Ring interfaces, this intelligent interconnection between your instrument and the probe or accessory eliminates the guesswork and errors that occur when probe settings are made manually, and also offers the following important signal fidelity advantages:

 Upon connection to the oscilloscope channel, the probe is

recognized and some setup information, such as input coupling and attenuation, is performed automatically.

 System (probe plus oscilloscope) gain settings are automatically

calculated and displayed based on the probe attenuation.

 Active probes typically provide automatic matching of probe to

oscilloscope response using probe response data stored in an onboard EEPROM. This ensures the best possible combined probe plus oscilloscope channel frequency response without requiring the user to perform any de-embedding procedure.

Probe interfaces differ in bandwidth, so the interfaces contained on your oscilloscope depend on the bandwidth rating of the oscilloscope model you purchased.

Note: The lowest bandwidth oscilloscopes contain only a BNC and perhaps a Probe Ring interface; whereas, the highest bandwidth oscilloscopes may contain every type of probe interface Teledyne LeCroy supports.

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A Teledyne LeCroy Zi series oscilloscope showing the four sets of ProBus/ProLink

probe interfaces. Zi oscilloscopes are compatible with all Teledyne LeCroy probes.

The following figure shows a typical channel setup dialog on a Teledyne LeCroy oscilloscope containing both ProLink (Input A, Upper) and ProBus (Input B, Lower) interfaces. The input selection is on the left-hand side of the dialog box. In this case the A input, the ProLink interface is selected. When the probe is not connected, there is only a C1 tab selection for vertical channel setup and the user has the ability to select input coupling and probe attenuation.

The channel dialog layout showing Input A's ProLink interface controls setup

before connection.

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When a probe is connected, it is recognized and an additional tab with the probe model name is displayed to the right of the C1 tab.

The channel dialog layout showing Input A's ProLink interface controls setup

after connection.

This additional tab contains specific information on the connected probe. In addition, default values for the probes coupling and attenuation (which may not be changed) are automatically downloaded from the probe, and these settings along with other attributes are shown on the corresponding probe dialog.

The dialog showing the connected probe's control attributes.

ProBus Probe and Cable Connecting Interface

The ProBus interface contains a 6-pin power and communication

connection and a BNC signal connection to the probe. It offers both 50 Ω/1 MΩ input impedance and provides probe power and control for a wide

range of probes such as high impedance passive probes, high impedance active probes, current probes, high voltage probes, and differential probes. ProBus also includes sense rings for detecting passive probes. The ProBus interface may also have a BNC-terminated cable connected directly to it.

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ProBus is based on a BNC connector and, depending on the exact BNC connector used and the oscilloscope design, is rated for up to 4 GHz with

50 Ω coupling or up to 1 GHz for 1 MΩ coupling (depending on the exact

model purchase).

ProLink Probe Interface

The ProLink interface contains a 6-pin power and communication connection and a Blind Mate Adapter (BMA) signal connection to the

probe. It offers 50 Ω input impedance and provides probe power and

control for a wide range of probes with bandwidth ratings from 3 GHz to 20 GHz. The nature of the ProLink interface with its recessed BMA connector means that an adapter must be connected to the ProLink interface to allow SMA or 2.92/K connector terminated cables to be attached to the oscilloscope channel. These adapters are normally provided with your oscilloscope, and are described in ProLink Interface Adapters (on page 22).

2.92 mm and 2.4 mm Probe and Cable Interfaces

Teledyne LeCroy's highest bandwidth oscilloscopes utilize a 2.92mm (up to 36 GHz) or a 2.4mm (up to 45 GHz) probe interface. This interface consists of a precision connector and a LEMO power and communication connector. It offers 50 Ω input impedance only.

For more information, refer to Dual Channel Acquisition in the online help.

WaveMaster 8 Zi / Zi-A models use 2.92 mm inputs for the 20 - 36 GHz signal inputs and 2.92 mm inputs for the 25 - 36 GHz signal inputs. These inputs are enabled using Digital Bandwidth Interleave (DBI), and they are contained in the Channel 2 and 3 locations in the ProBus (B) row for the 825Zi-A and 830Zi-A models.

Enable the 2.92 inputs for DBI from the Timebase dialog. Refer to Timebase Overview (on page 40) for more details. WaveMaster 845Zi-A units use 2.4 mm inputs for the highest bandwidth (45 GHz) signal input.

This bandwidth is only available on channel 3, and the input is enabled similarly to the 2.92 mm inputs.

The 2.92 mm and 2.4 mm high-bandwidth electrical paths are comprised of two connector halves/subassemblies which have a common mating interface. The first connector half is mounted into the oscilloscope connector panel. The outer end of this connector has a combination of

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grooves, external threads and a coaxial interface with either a 2.4 mm (45 GHz) or 2.92 mm (up to 36 GHz) airline geometry. The second connector half has a similar interface on one end, with spring biased inner and outer contacts. It has corresponding projections which interlock with slots on the first connector half and a coupling nut which secures the two connector halves; resulting in a non-rotational, torque independent electrical connection. The spring biased inner and outer contacts eliminate the need for specifying proof torque and no tools are required to mate or un-mate the connection. This solution is commonly referred to as a connector saver and is easily and quickly field replaceable, should damage occur, making it a more field reliable system. The 2.92 mm connector savers operate mode free well beyond 36 GHz and the 2.4 mm connector saver operates mode free well beyond the maximum 45 GHz rating.

Note: The mating interface on the oscilloscope channel for both the 2.92 mm and 2.4 mm connector savings look identical, so be sure to connect the correct connector saver that corresponds to that physical oscilloscope channels maximum bandwidth rating if your oscilloscope model supports higher bandwidth ratings on one channel compared to others.

ProLink Interface Adapters

For some instruments, Teledyne LeCroy's ProLink Adapters (LPA) provide the ability to connect a cable to your oscilloscope that is either BNC, SMA, or K (2.92 mm) terminated. These adapters are only for cable connection since they do not provide the power and communication interfaces required for probe usage. In fact, the absence of these connections on the adapters means that a probe cannot be connected to the oscilloscope when one of these adapters is connected.

The following cable connections are supported:

 BNC, using the LPA-BNC Blind Mate Adapter (BMA) to BNC interface

adapter. This is not normally provide with your oscilloscope, but may be ordered as an accessory.

 SMA , using the LPA-SMA BMA-to-SMA adapter  K-Type (2.92 mm), using the LPA-K BMA-to-2.92 mm adapter (4 are

sent standard in 13 - 45 GHz units).

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First, the BMA Female Connector (1). Then, shown installed are the ProLink LPA-

SMA, LPA-BNC, and LPA-K Adapters (2, 3, and 4).

Note: When connecting an active probe to the instrument, an adapter is not required unless you wish to connect a ProBus compatible probe to a ProLink input.

Connecting the Adapters

The mating end of the ProLink adapter has four fastening clips (shown right).

When installing an adapter on the instrument's connector panel, align the male 6-pin connector with the female connector and push the adapter straight forward. You are likely to notice some resistance and hear clicks as the four clips snap into place. Now, tighten the captive screws.

When removing an adapter, loosen the two captive screws. Push down on the adapter to unseat the clips. This requires some force and is initially noisy; however, no damage results to the connector, the floating female BMA connector, or the pins, as they can accommodate 15 degrees off axis while mated or unmated.

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ProLink Probe Adapters

ProLink Probe Adapters differ from ProLink Interface Adapters in that they contain a probe power and communication pass-through that the interface adapters do not have.

Currently, only one probe adapter is available, the LPA-2.92 mm. This device is used to allow attachment of a probe platform/cable assembly designed for connection to a 2.92 mm Probe Connection Interface to be connected to a ProLink input connection. For instance, this could be used to connect a 25 GHz probing system using 2.92 mm and LEMO connections for connection to a ProLink input.

Connecting the ProLink Probe Adapter is done in a similar way as connecting a ProLink Interface Adapter.

Probes

Teledyne LeCroy offers a variety of passive and active probes for use with your X-Stream oscilloscope. Visit teledynelecroy.com for specifications and ordering information.

 Current Probes - Current Probes measure the current passing

through a wire; current probes do not use the traditional probing style of placing a tip onto a test point. Instead, a wire is placed inside the jaw of the probe, which allows the probe to measure the current (in Amps).

 Active Probes - There are two different types of active probes:

single-ended and differential.

Single-Ended - A single-ended active probe is associated with measuring voltages at high frequencies. Measurement with an active probe requires a test point and a ground point. The ground (also

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called earth) acts as a zero reference for the test point measurement.

Differential Probes - Differential active probes are like two probes in one. Instead of measuring a test point in relation to a ground point (like single-ended active probes), differential probes measure the difference in voltage of a test point in relation to another test point.

 Passive Probes - Passive probes measure voltages at lower

frequencies (<500 MHz). They have higher input capacitance (input C) and do not need power to operate (unlike active probes). At higher frequencies, higher input capacitance loads the test circuit, attenuating the signal. This is why active probes are used in high frequency applications. Passive probes also measure voltage in reference to ground.

 High Voltage Probes - These are active, single-ended probes

designed to safely measure high voltages. They measure the voltage in reference to ground.

Passive Probe Compensation

Passive probes must be compensated to flatten overshoot. This is accomplished by means of a trimmer at the connector end of the probe.

1. Attach the connector end of your passive probe to any channel.

2. Connect the probe end to the CAL output connector at the front of

the oscilloscope. Ground the probe.

3. Adjust the trim pot at the connector end of the probe until the

square wave is as flat as possible.

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Display

Screen Layout, Groupings, and Controls

The instrument's screen is divided into the following main sections:

Note: Many front panel controls directly correspond with screen layout controls. For example, the Print front panel general control button corresponds with the Hardcopy function set from Utilities → Utilities Setup → Hardcopy.

Menu Bar

The top of the screen contains a menu bar of commonly used functions. Whenever you touch one of these buttons and make a selection from its drop-down menu, the dialog area at the bottom of the screen displays the corresponding dialog.

Throughout this manual, Menu Bar selection paths are shown separated with arrows, for example: File → Save Setup...

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

For common oscilloscope operations, you don't need to use the top menu bar (since you can access most dialogs from the Front Panel or from the Descriptor Labels). However, it is the only way to access setup or other dialogs for Display Setup, Save or Recall Waveform, Save or Recall Setups, Print Setup, Vertical (Channel), Horizontal, or Trigger Status, Memory (Reference Waveform) Setup, Pass/Fail Setup, or Utilities and Preferences

Setup....

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The Quick Access Toolbar

The Quick Access portion of the toolbar is located on the right side of the menu bar. It contains the Rotate Display button.

When the display is rotated, touch this button to adjust the user interface to a portrait layout. The button toggles from portrait layout back to landscape.

For additional information on rotating and tilting the display, refer to Hardware and Software Controls (on page 11).

The Signal Display Grid

The grid area is divided into 8 vertical divisions and 10 horizontal divisions just like any other oscilloscope. Set up the signal display area by touching Display → Display Setup... from the menu bar. The Display dialog offers a choice of grid combinations and can also set the grid intensity.

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There are several indicators on the grid to help you understand the following:

 Trigger Delay - This indicator is located along the bottom edge of the

grid. Trigger delay allows you to see the signal prior to the trigger time.

All trigger delay values (including post-trigger delay, shown here) are displayed in the Timebase Descriptor Label. Zero delay is the horizontal center of the oscilloscope display.

The default setting (Time) is for delay readout (in seconds) and to move proportionately when the timebase knob is turned. If you want to set delay (Div) to a fixed position on the grid, and then have it stay fixed as the timebase changes, go to Utilities → Preference Setup... and select the Acquisition dialog to make the setting.

 Post-trigger Delay - This is indicated by a left-pointing arrow to the

lower-left of the grid. Pre-trigger delay is indicated by a rightpointing arrow to the lower-right of the grid.

 Trigger Level - This indicator is located at the right edge of the grid.

It tracks the trigger level as you reposition the trace up or down, or change scale. When triggering is stopped, a hollow arrow indicates where the new level ends up when triggering resumes.

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Push the LEVEL knob to reset the level to 50%.

 Zero Volts Level - This indicator is located at the left edge of the

grid. Change the zero volts level by turning the vertical OFFSET knob. Push the knob to reset the indicator to the middle of the grid.

Signal Display Grid Pop-Up Menu

On the Signal Display Grid, the Pop-up menu provides assistance while using the oscilloscope.

Clicking on a waveform opens a pop-up menu. From this pop-up menu, you can perform the following functions:

 Open the Setup dialog for the trace  Turn the trace descriptor label off  Open the Math dialog for the trace  Open the Measure dialog for the trace  Annotate the selected trace

Trace Descriptor Labels

Shown just beneath the grid display, these boxes provide a summary of your channel, timebase, and trigger settings.

When a trace is selected its corresponding descriptor label is shown highlighted.

The C1 Trace Descriptor Label is selected; C2 is not.

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Pre-processing

Long Form Indicator

Short Form Indicator

Averaging

AVG

Interpolation

SINX

Inversion

INV I Deskew

DSQ

Coupling

DC D Ground

Gnd

Bandwidth Limiting

Bwl

Make vertical or horizontal channel adjustments by touching the respective label. The setup dialog for the function is shown beneath.

Channel trace labels show the vertical settings for the trace and cursor information (if cursors are in use). The title bar of the label includes indicators for (SinX)/X interpolation, waveform inversion (INV), deskew (DSQ), coupling (DC/GND), bandwidth limiting (BWL), and averaging (AVG).

These indicators have a long and short form.

Besides channel traces, math and parameter measurement labels are also displayed. Labels are displayed only for traces that are turned on.

Vertical and horizontal trace descriptor (labels) are displayed below the grid. They provide a summary of your channel, timebase, and trigger settings. Make vertical or horizontal channel adjustments by touching the respective label. The setup dialog for the function is shown beneath.

TimeBase trace descriptor labels show the trigger delay setting, time per division, and sampling information.

Trigger trace descriptor labels show the trigger mode (Auto, Normal, or Stopped). It also shows the coupling (DC), trigger type (Edge), source (C1), level (0 mV), and slope (Positive).

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Setup information for horizontal cursors, including the time between cursors and the frequency, is shown beneath the TimeBase and Trigger trace descriptor labels.

Shortcut Toolbar Buttons

You can access the same functions available from the Signal Display Grid Pop-Up menu by clicking a trace-descriptor label and using the toolbar of buttons at the bottom of the setup dialogs.

For more information, see the Shortcut Toolbar Buttons section of Dialog Area (on page 33).

Annotating Traces

The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label, bearing your own text, to a waveform display:

For each waveform, you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off. Also, you can position them on the waveform by dragging or by specifying an exact horizontal position.

Touch the waveform you want to annotate right on the display grid, and then touch Set label... on the pop-up menu. A dialog box opens in which to create the label. The first time creating a waveform label, Label1 is provided as default text when the Add label button is touched.

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From this pop-up you can edit existing annotations, change the label placement on the waveform, add labels, remove labels, and toggle the visibility. The following bullets show you how.

 If you are modifying an existing label, under Labels touch the label

you want to change.

Note: If the dialog for the trace you want to annotate is currently displayed, you can touch the label button at the bottom to display the Trace Annotation setup dialog.

You may place a label anywhere you want on the waveform. Labels are numbered sequentially according to the order in which they are added, and not according to their placement on the waveform.

 If you want to change the label's text, touch inside the Label Text

field. A pop-up keyboard appears for you to enter your text. Touch O.K. on the keyboard when you are done. The edited text automatically appears in the label on the waveform.

 Precisely place the label by touching inside the Horizontal Pos. field

and provide a horizontal value, using the pop-up numeric keypad.

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 Add another label by touching the Add label button. Delete a label

by selecting the label from the list, and then touching the Remove label button.

 Make labels visible by touching the View labels checkbox.

Dialog Area

The lower portion of your oscilloscope screen is where information is shown, selections are made, and data is input. These screens are organized into tabular displays, subtabs, or pop-up dialogs. The dialog area is controlled by Touch Screen Controls and Front Panel Controls.

Touch Screen Controls

Various touch screen user interface controls are provided for easily entering data. Their functionality is described in this topic and you'll see them referenced throughout the documentation.

POP-UP SELECTORS

When Pop-Up selector controls are touched, sometimes a very small box is shown right inside the control - as in the Coupling selector on the C1 dialog.

Other times, a larger box is shown after touching a control. This larger PopUp has categorical buttons along the left column along with labels (and sometimes descriptions) for the selectable entry values.

Pop-Up Selector Control for smaller values.

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Pop-Up Selector Control for values with varied types.

TEXT ENTRY FIELDS

Most fields can be touched once and you can then provide a value using an attached (or double-touch/click to use the Virtual, on-screen) keyboard.

Text entry field for LabNotebook using the Virtual Keyboard.

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FOLDER/FILE NAVIGATION TREES

These controls allow for navigation to or from folders (on the hard drive or memory device) for retrieving or storing items such as waveforms, LabNotebook entries, to name a few.

Note: The instrument's hard disk is partitioned into drive C: and drive D:. Drive C: contains the Windows operating system and the instrument application software. Drive D: is intended for data files.

FLYOUT MENUS

Flyout Menus provides a variety of solutions for a particular main area of functionality. It does this by providing a set of buttons subdividing the control into more specific functions on the right-side of the display.

The Recall waveform navigation tree.

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An example of Flyout Menu Controls is seen in the Setup front panel button.

Setup Flyout Menu control.

PRECISION DATA ENTRY CONTROLS

Certain fields requiring precise value entry assist you by having precision entry means. When these controls are selected, you can provide values as follows:

Keyboard

Touch inside a text entry control and you can manually type the value in using an attached (or double-touch/click to use the Virtual, on-screen) keyboard.

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Text entry field for LabNotebook using the Virtual Keyboard.

Slider Bar

Some models provide what is known as a Slider Bar along the bottom of the screen when a keyboard is attached to the instrument. The Slider Bar allows you to select your entered value by moving a horizontal slider (left to right provides low to high amounts).

Pop-Up Keypad

Some models provide a pop-up Keypad when you touch twice in the same control. A keypad button is also provided on the slider bar (on models that have the slider bar) which shows the pop-up keypad when touched.

For many controls, once the Pop-Up Keypad is shown the Front Panel Controls (on page 11) can be used to adjust the value in the pop-up. The Pop-Up contains Up and Down arrow buttons, Set to Max, Default, and Min buttons, and the Keypad itself for providing your value.

The slider bar also has a handy default value button for quickly entering the default for the control.

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Default and Keypad Buttons on the Slider Bar are only shown on 7, 8, and 9 Zi models (with a keyboard attached).

Shortcut Toolbar Buttons

Several dialogs contain common functions accessible from a row of buttons along the bottom of the main setup dialogs.

For example, these buttons at the bottom of the Channel Setup dialog perform the following functions:

 Measure - Opens the Measure menu. You can then select a

parameter from this menu without leaving the Channel Setup dialog. The parameter automatically appears below the grid.

 Zoom - Creates a zoom trace of the channel trace whose dialog is

currently displayed.

 Math - Opens the Math menu. You can then select a math function

from this menu without leaving the Channel Setup dialog. A math trace of the channel whose dialog is currently open is automatically displayed.

 Decode - Opens the main Serial Decode dialog where protocol

option measurements can be applied to signals.

 Store - Loads the channel trace into the next available memory

location (M1 to M4).

 Find Scale - Automatically performs a vertical scaling that fits the

waveform into the grid.

 Next Grid - Automatically moves the channel trace whose dialog is

currently open onto the next grid. If you have only one grid displayed, a new grid will be created automatically, and the trace moved.

Note: This button is not available on all oscilloscope models.

 Label - Enables you to attach identifying labels to your waveforms.

The labels are preserved when the waveform is saved as a LabNotebook entry and when saved to file.

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 Probe Cal - Cable Deskew - Opens the Probes Cal. dialog where

various Gain, Offset, Skew, Source, and Advanced controls are available for probe signal calibration.

Another example is seen in the buttons appearing at the bottom of the Measure Px dialogs. The button may be selected in order to display the functions named on the buttons (sometimes labeled as Actions):

Shortcut buttons on the Cx dialog.

Using these buttons allow you to remain in the Measure dialog while setting up a Math trace on a parameter measurement.

Message Bar

At the bottom of the oscilloscope display is a narrow message bar. The current date and time are displayed at the far right. Status, error, or other messages are also shown in this area.

Turning on Channels and Traces

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 If you want to display each trace on its own grid automatically,

enable Autogrid by touching Display → Autogrid from the menu bar.

 You can turn channels on and off using the software, for more

information see Vertical Overview (on page 54)

 On the front panel, press a channel select button to display the trace

descriptor label for that input channel and turn on the channel.

 Turn on a math function trace by touching Math → Math Setup...

from the menu bar. Touch the corresponding On checkbox to activate the desired trace.

 You can also quickly create traces (and turn on the trace label) for

math functions and memory traces, without leaving the Vertical Adjust dialog, by touching the icons at the bottom of the Vertical Adjust dialog.

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Whenever you turn on a channel, math, or memory trace using either the menu bar or trace descriptor label, the dialog at the bottom of the screen automatically switches to the vertical setup or math setup dialog for that selection.

You can configure your traces from here, including math setups.

The Trace Dialog is shown on the lower portion of the screen. The tab is labeled with the corresponding channel number as follows:

Timebase

Overview

You can access Timebase settings using the front panel Horizontal controls, the Timebase → Horizontal Setup... on the menu bar, or by touching the Timebase trace descriptor label. The main Timebase dialog is then shown and contains sections for Sampling Mode, Timebase Mode, and Real Time Memory.

A section specifically used for combining channels is located on the far right of the main Timebase dialog. This section varies based on your oscilloscope model.

Timebase Setup and Control

1. With the Timebase dialog showing, touch inside the Time/Division

data entry control and provide a value.

2. Touch inside the Delay data entry control and provide a value.

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Combining Channels

Channels can be combined to increase sample rate, memory, and bandwidth. When you combine channels, the remaining (uncombined) channels are available for triggering, even though they are not displayed as active on the screen.

Channels are combined in either of two ways depending on your WaveMaster 8 Zi / Zi-A oscilloscope model.

 Internally, using Digital Bandwidth Interleaving (DBI) on a 20 - 30

GHz 8 Zi unit or a 25 - 45 GHz 8 Zi-A unit.

 Using an External Interleaving Device on a 4 - 16 GHz 8 Zi unit or a 4

- 20 GHz 8 Zi-A unit. Learn more by referring to Using the External Interleaving Device in your online help or on teledynelecroy.com.

Using Digital Bandwidth Interleave (DBI)

Digital Bandwidth Interleave is a method for combining channels to double bandwidth - just as oscilloscope manufacturers have for years interleaved channels to double sample rate and memory lengths. Teledyne LeCroy's 8 Zi-A series makes use of 6th generation DBI technology providing the highest possible performance.

Enter DBI mode from the TimeBase dialog at TimeBase → Horizontal

Setup....

For 25 and 30 GHz models (and additionally, the 20 GHz 8 Zi and Zi-A model), the DBI portion of the TimeBase dialog contains buttons for C1/C2 and C3/C4.

A pop-up is shown when using the DBI button controls verifying the proper connector saver (2.92 mm or 2.4 mm for 45 GHz).

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Check Don't Show Me This Message Again to avoid subsequent warnings.

The 2.92 mm connector saver pop-up.

The 2.4 mm connector saver pop-up.

When selected, the respective channels are combined into one channel at higher bandwidth. The 45 GHz model contains a button to combine all four channels into one (C3) channel at 45 GHz bandwidth.

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PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 For 25 or 30 GHz models, you may elect to combine one or both

pairs of channels.

 Combined channel buttons have a 30 or 45 GHz label depending on

your model. When these buttons are selected, the channel pair (or group on 45 GHz models) is dedicated to achieving that level of bandwidth throughput together. However, sampling rate for each channel remains ≤ 40 GS/s.

On 25 and 30 GHz models, DBI enabled C2 and C3 traces achieve:

 25, or 30 GHz (depending on your model)  80 GS/s  Interleaving of the memory to 512 Mpts/Ch

On 45 GHz models, DBI can be enabled in two channel mode to achieve performance identical to that of the 30 GHz model, or it can be enabled on the C3 trace to achieve:

 45 GHz  120 GS/s  Interleaving of the memory to 768 Mpts

When DBI is selected, trace descriptor labels correspond with your choices. For example, when both C1/C2 and C3/C4 pairs are interleaved:

 C1 - Shown as inactive  C2 - Shown as active  C3 - Shown as active  C4 - Shown as inactive

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Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3

Channel 4

OFF, No LED

Light

▲

Green Down

Arrow

▼

Green Down

Arrow

▼

OFF, No LED

Light

▲

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3

Channel 4

OFF, No LED

Light

▲

OFF, No LED

Light

▲

Green Down

Arrow

▼

OFF, No LED

Light

▲

Note: After you've enabled DBI for C3 and/or C2, and corresponding trace dialogs are shown on the display, respective channel LED indicators are also lit on the front of the oscilloscope.

DBI Settings

When you use DBI and make correct connections and channel selections from the TimeBase → Horizontal Setup... dialog, the system makes value changes for you.

 View these changes by touching the trace descriptor label for an

interleaved channel (C2 or C3).

 The Vertical Scale B Scale V/div (Timebase) value is automatically

set to 50 mV/div. If you set this to a different value and deactivate DBI, the system retains the last one used when DBI is reactivated.

 The channel LEDs form the following configuration in 25 or 30 GHz

mode:

 The channel LEDs form the following configuration in 45 GHz mode:

Note: When using DBI, use Channel 3 for high-speed serial triggering.

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Sampling Modes

Overview

Depending on your timebase, you can choose Single-shot Sampling Mode (below), also known as Real Time mode, Sequence Sampling Mode (on page 46), or RIS Sampling Mode (on page 53) mode sampling.

Newer instruments offer Roll Mode (on page 54)

Some instruments also offer Roll Mode (on page 54).

Selecting a Sampling Mode

1. Touch Timebase → Horizontal Setup... from the menu bar.

2. In the Timebase dialog, touch a Sample Mode button.

3. If you chose Sequence Mode, touch the Sequence tab. The

Sequence dialog is shown. Use the following controls to provide details for controls such as Number of Segments, Enable Timeout, Timeout (value), Display Mode, and Show Sequence Trigger Times.

Single-shot Sampling Mode

A single-shot acquisition is a series of digitized voltage values sampled on the input signal at a uniform rate. It is also a series of measured data values associated with a single trigger event. The acquisition is typically stopped a defined number of samples after this event occurs: a number determined by the selected trigger delay and measured by the timebase. The waveform's horizontal position (and waveform display in general) is determined using the trigger event as the definition of time zero.

You can choose either a pre- or post-trigger delay. Pre-trigger delay is the time from the left-hand edge of the display grid forward to the trigger event, while post-trigger delay is the time back to the event.

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You can sample the waveform in a range starting well before the trigger event up to the moment the event occurs. This is 100% pre-trigger, and it allows you to see the waveform leading up to the point at which the trigger condition was met and the trigger occurred. (The instrument offers up to the maximum record length of points of pre-trigger information.) Posttrigger delay, on the other hand, allows you to sample the waveform starting at the equivalent of 10,000 divisions after the event occurred.

On fast timebase settings, the maximum single-shot sampling rate is used. But for slower timebases, the sampling rate is decreased and the number of data samples maintained.

The relationship between sample rate, memory, and time can be simply defined as:

Capture Interval = 1/Sample Rate X Memory

and

Capture Interval/10 = Time Per Division

Sequence Sampling Mode – Working with Segments

Using Sequence Mode, thousands of trigger events can be stored as segments into the oscilloscope's memory (the exact number depends on oscilloscope model and memory options). This is ideal when capturing many fast pulses in quick succession or when capturing few events separated by long time periods. The instrument can capture complicated sequences of events over large time intervals in fine detail, while ignoring the uninteresting periods between the events. You can also make time measurements between events on selected segments using the full precision of the acquisition timebase.

Sequence mode offers a number of unique capabilities:

 You can acquire up to four channels simultaneously.  You can minimize dead time between trigger events for consecutive

segments.

 You can view time stamps for acquisitions.  You can zoom segments or used them as input to math functions.

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 You can combine sequence mode with an advanced trigger to isolate

a rare event, capture all instances over hours or days, and view/analyze each afterwards.

 You can use Sequence mode in remote operation to take full

advantage of the instrument's high data-transfer capability.

In Sequence mode, the complete waveform consists of a number of fixedsize segments acquired in single-shot mode (see the instrument specifications for the limits). The oscilloscope uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segment as 10 x time/div. With this setting, the oscilloscope uses the desired number of segments, maximum segment length, and total available memory to determine the actual number of samples or segments, and time or points.

Sequence Display Modes

The instrument gives you a choice of five ways to display your segments:

 Adjacent

How the instrument captures segments

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 Waterfall (cascaded)

 Mosaic (tiled)

 Overlay

 Perspective

Note: some display modes have limitations on the number of segments that can be shown at one time.

Sequence Mode Setup

When setting up Sequence Mode, you define the number of fixed-size segments acquired in single-shot mode (see the instrument specifications for the limits). The oscilloscope uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segment. Along with this setting, the oscilloscope uses the number of segments, maximum segment length,

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and total available memory to determine the actual number of samples or segments, and time or points.

Setting up Sequence Mode (Adjacent)

1. Touch Timebase → Horizontal Setup... on the menu bar.

2. Click the Sequence tab.

3. Under Acquisition Settings, touch inside the Num Segments data

entry control and provide a value using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33).

Note: The number of segments you choose to display can be less than the total number of segments in the waveform. For example, in the pop-up images above, the number of display segments is 10, but the total number of segments entered in the timebase dialog's Num Segments control is 100.

4. Touch the Enable Timeout checkbox.

5. Touch inside the Timeout data entry control and provide a timeout

value.

Note: Use the sequence mode timeout to automatically interrupt the sequence acquisition if the timeout value is exceeded without a valid trigger. The timeout period accounts for instances when a Num Segments miscount occurs for some reason and the oscilloscope

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waits indefinitely for an unforthcoming segment. During that time, no oscilloscope functions are accessible. By means of a timeout value, however, the acquisition will be completed, the waveform displayed, and control of the oscilloscope returned to the user after the timeout has elapsed.

5. Under Display Settings, touch inside the Display mode control, and

select a sequence mode display from the pop-up menu.

6. Touch the SINGLE trigger front panel button.

Note: Once a single acquisition has started, you can interrupt the acquisition at any time by pressing the SINGLE front panel button a second time or by pressing the STOP front panel button. In this case, the segments already acquired will be retained in memory.

Zooming Segments in Sequence Mode

You can zoom individual segments easily using the QUICKZOOM front panel button. When you zoom, the zoom traces default to Segment 1. Channel descriptors indicate the total number of segments acquired. Zoom descriptors indicate [Seg #] and #Segments in the Zoom. You can scroll through the segments using ZOOM front panel position knob.

Sample Zoom of Segments in Sequence Mode

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1. Touch the front panel Quickzoom button.

2. Turn the ZOOM front panel position knob to scroll through the

segments.

3. To vary the degree of zoom, touch the newly created Zx trace label.

The setup dialog for the zoom (Z1 to Z4) opens. It shows the current horizontal and vertical zoom factors.

4. If you want to increase or decrease your horizontal or vertical zoom

in small increments, touch the Var. checkbox to enable variable zooming. Now with each touch of the zoom control buttons, the degree of magnification changes by small increments.

If you want to zoom in or out in large standard increments with each touch of the zoom control buttons, leave the Var. checkbox unchecked.

If you want to set exact horizontal or vertical zoom factors, touch inside the Horizontal Scale/div data entry control and enter a timeper-div value, using the pop-up numeric keypad. Then touch inside the Vertical Scale/div control and enter a voltage value.

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Displaying an Individual Segment

1. Touch Math → Math Setup... on the menu bar.

2. Touch a function tab Fx showing its corresponding dialog.

3. On the dialog, touch inside the Operator1 control and select the

Segment button from the pop-up menu.

4. In the dialog on the right, touch the Select tab.

5. Touch inside the First Selected data entry control and select the first

segment you want to display. Use the same method to provide a value in the Number of Selected data entry control.

Note: In Persistence mode, the segments are automatically overlaid one on top of the other in the display. In non-Persistence mode, they appear separately on the grid.

Viewing Time Stamps

You can view time stamps for each segment.

View Segment Time Stamps

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1. Touch Timebase → Acquisition Status on the menu bar.

OR Touch Vertical → Channel Status on the menu bar.

2. Touch the Trigger Time tab.

3. Under Show Status For, touch the Time button.

4. Touch inside the Select Segment control and enter a segment

number value (you can also touch the arrow buttons to scroll through segment times).

RIS Sampling Mode for Higher Sampling Rates

RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling rates higher than the maximum single-shot sampling rate. It is used on repetitive waveforms with a stable trigger. The maximum effective RIS sampling rate is achieved by making multiple single-shot acquisitions at maximum real-time sample rate. The bins thus acquired are positioned approximately 5 ps (200 GS/s) apart. The process of acquiring these bins and satisfying the time constraint is a random one. The relative time between ADC sampling instants and the event trigger provides the necessary variation.

The instrument requires multiple triggers to complete an acquisition. The number depends on the sample rate: the higher the sample rate, the more triggers are required. It then interleaves these segments (in the following graphic) to provide a waveform covering a time interval that is a multiple of the maximum single-shot sampling rate. However, the real-time interval over which the instrument collects the waveform data is much longer, and depends on the trigger rate and the amount of interleaving required.

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Note: RIS mode is not available when the oscilloscope is operating in fixed sample or DBI 25 - 45 GHz) modes as covered in Smart Memory (available in the online help files) and Combining Channels topics, respectively.

Roll Mode

Roll mode displays, in real time, incoming points in single-shot acquisitions that have a sufficiently low data rate. The oscilloscope rolls the incoming data continuously across the screen until a trigger event is detected and the acquisition is complete. The parameters or math functions connected to each channel are updated every time the roll mode buffer is updated, as if new data is available. This resets statistics on every step of Roll mode that is valid because of new data.

Note: If the processing time is greater than the acquire time, the data in memory gets overwritten. In this case, the instrument issues a Channel data is not continuous in ROLL mode!!! warning and rolling starts over again.

Vertical

Overview

You can access Vertical settings using the front panel Vertical controls, by selecting Vertical→ Channel Setup... on the menu bar, or by touching the Channel trace descriptor label. The following screen-shot shows the C1 Vertical dialog on a LabMaster as an example. For each channel, a corresponding Vertical dialog contains sections with respective controls.

1. Channel Controls (on page 55) let you set up individual channels.

2. Actions for Trace C1 Buttons (Error! Bookmark not defined.) let you

perform certain actions on the channel, such as Math, Zoom, and Measure actions.

3. Pre-Processing Controls (on page 58) let you set up pre-process

controls, such as cable de-embedding and interpolation.

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Channel Controls

The individual Channel Controls section of the dialog provides the following functions for your respective channel:

 Channel Inputs - For each channel, you can set the Channel Input to

either Input A (Upper) or Input B (Lower). The Channel Row LED Indicators display which input is set for each channel.

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 Not all oscilloscope models have Upper and Lower Channel

Inputs. In those cases, no Selected Input buttons are provided.

 Slave Acquisition Modules indicate alternative, or B channels,

on named LED indicators.

 Vertical Scale - For each channel, you can set the vertical scale or

sensitivity and choose whether to use fixed or variable gain adjustment.

 Vertical Offset - For each channel, you can select between zero

vertical offset or to set the offset to a specific value.

 Coupling - The maximum input voltage depends on the input used.

Values are displayed on the front of the oscilloscope. Whenever the voltage exceeds this limit, the coupling mode automatically switches

from DC 50 Ω to GROUND. You then have to manually reset the coupling to DC 50 Ω.

CAUTION. While the unit does provide this protection, damage can still occur if extreme voltages are applied

 Bandwidth - Bandwidth filters are available at the following levels:

Full (all X-Stream oscilloscopes), 30 GHz, 25 GHz, 20 GHz, 16 GHz, 13 GHz, 8 GHz, 6 GHz, 4 GHz , 3 GHz , 1 GHz , 200 MHz (all X-Stream oscilloscopes), and 20 MHz (all X-Stream oscilloscopes).

WaveMaster - 45 GHz, 30 GHz, 25 GHz, 20 GHz, 16 GHz, 13 GHz, 8 GHz, 6 GHz, 4 GHz, 3 GHz, 1 GHz, 200 MHz, and 20 MHz.

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 Each oscilloscope contains only the Full selection and those

bandwidths less than the rated oscilloscope bandwidth.

 Anti-aliasing filters are applied to limit bandwidth at lower

sample rates, regardless of bandwidth limit selection.

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 Probe - Teledyne LeCroy's ProLink, and 2.92 mm systems

automatically senses probes and sets their attenuation for you. For each channel, the probe attenuation can also be set manually.

Setting Up Channels

1. Touch Vertical → Channelx Setup... from the menu bar.

2. Touch inside the Trace On checkbox to display the trace.

3. On pertinent model oscilloscopes, under Selected Input, touch the

Input A (Upper) button or Input B (Lower) button. Otherwise, no Selected Input buttons are provided.

4. Turn the VERTICAL GAIN front panel knob for the selected channel.

OR Touch inside the Volts/Div field and enter a value. Click the keypad button to enter a value using the pop-up keypad, or use the up/down arrows.

The set voltage is shown on the trace descriptor label and in the Volts/Div field in the dialog.

5. Turn the VERTICAL OFFSET adjust front panel knob directly above the

channel button whose waveform you want to move vertically. Or you can touch inside the Offset field and type in a value on the popup keypad. To set the vertical offset to zero, touch the Zero button directly below the Offset field.

6. Touch inside the Coupling control and select a coupling mode from

the pop-up menu.

7. Touch inside the Bandwidth control and provide a Bandwidth Limit

value using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33).

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8. Touch inside the Probe Atten. data entry control if you want to set

the attenuation manually, and provide a value using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33).

Shortcut Toolbar Buttons

Shortcut Toolbar buttons provide quick access to various functions for your respective channel. The following functions are available:

 Measure - Turn on a Measurement trace. Choose a measurement

parameter from the Measurement pop-up window to determine a wide range of waveform properties. For example, you can use measurement parameters to automatically calculate many attributes of your waveform, like rise-time, rms voltage, and peak-to-peak voltage.

 Zoom - QuickZoom automatically displays a zoom of the channel or

trace on a new grid.

 Math - Turn on a Math trace. Choose a Math function from the

Math pop-up window.

 Decode - Shows the main Decode dialog.  Store - Transfers the current trace into a corresponding memory

trace.

 Find Scale - Automatically calculates peak-to-peak voltage, and

chooses an appropriate Volts/Div scale to fully display the waveform.

 Next Grid - This button transfers a copy of your waveform into

another grid. If another grid is not showing, the system creates a new grid for you.

Note: This button is disabled while using Auto Grid.

 Label - Shows the Trace Annotation pop-up where you can provide

label text and positioning information.

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Pre-Processing Controls

Pre-Processing is meant as before Math processing. Pre-Processing controls provide the following functions for your respective channel:

 Averaging - Specifically performs continuous averaging or the

repeated addition, with unequal weight, of successive source waveforms. It is particularly useful for reducing noise on signals drifting very slowly in time or amplitude. The most recently acquired waveform has more weight than all the previously acquired ones: the continuous average is dominated by the statistical fluctuations of the most recently acquired waveform. The weight of old waveforms in the continuous average gradually tends to zero (following an exponential rule) at a rate that decreases as the weight increases.

 Deskew - Adjusts the horizontal time offset by the amount entered.

The valid range is dependent on the current timebase setting. Preprocessing deskew and the Math deskew function perform the same activity.

 Invert - Invert the waveform for the selected channel.  Cable De-Embedding - When making measurements on serial data

signals, losses in the cables used in the test setup can reduce the accuracy of your signal (for example, signal amplitude and risetime), as well as introduce Inter-Symbol Interference. These cable effects can dramatically alter your serial data measurements and potentially create mask test violations.

The Cable De-Embedding option allows you to quickly specify the characteristics of the cables (typically found on the cable's data sheet) in your test setup and analyze your signal with the effects of the cables removed.

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Note: The Cable De-Embedding checkbox is only available if you have the option. Learn more about this software option and Contact Teledyne LeCroy for Support.

 Interpolation - Linear interpolation, which inserts a straight line

between sample points, is best used to reconstruct straight-edged signals such as square waves. (Sinx)/x interpolation, on the other hand, is suitable for reconstructing curved or irregular wave shapes, especially when the sample rate is 3 to 5 times the system bandwidth.

 Noise Filter - Enhanced Resolution (ERES) filtering increases vertical

resolution, allowing you to distinguish closely spaced voltage levels. The tradeoff is reduced bandwidth. The functioning of the instrument's ERES is similar to smoothing the signal with a simple, moving-average filter. Use ERES on single-shot waveforms, or where the data record is slowly repetitive (when you cannot use averaging). Use it to reduce noise when your signal is noticeably noisy, but you do not need to perform noise measurements. It also may be used when performing high-precision voltage measurements: zooming with high vertical gain, for example.

Response Optimization Modes

Frequency response and group delay of the oscilloscope contributes to the pulse response characteristics of the oscilloscope. By slightly adjusting these characteristics using digital signal processing, the characteristic response of the oscilloscope can be optimized for your specific application.

Frequency response is defined as the decrease in the magnitude response with respect to frequency. A fourth-order Bessel roll-off slightly attenuates the frequencies near the bandwidth rating of the oscilloscope while a brickwall frequency response passes slightly higher frequency content.

Group delay is defined as the rate of change of the total phase shift with respect to angular frequency through a device or transmission medium. Amplifiers in analog oscilloscopes typically have some group delay at the highest frequencies. This inherent group delay minimizes the preshoot present on a step response and provides the traditional pulse response with no preshoot before the step. When zero group delay is provided at all frequencies, preshoot and overshoot is equalized.

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Teledyne LeCroy provides three choices for Response Optimization Mode selection. These choices combine a frequency and group delay response to optimize the oscilloscope for particular applications.

 Pulse Response - A group delay compensation minimizing preshoot,

this selection most resembles the response of an analog oscilloscope by controlling group delay to be slightly non-zero at the highest frequencies. In addition, a fourth-order Bessel frequency response is implemented.

 Eye Diagram - Flat group delay compensation resulting in equalized

preshoot and overshoot. This selection improves the symmetry of serial eye diagrams. In addition, a fourth-order Bessel frequency response is implemented.

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 Flatness - Flat group delay compensation with a brick-wall frequency

response. While this provides the fastest rise time, there is also a slight penalty of more preshoot and overshoot compared to Eye Diagram mode. This selection is most often used in narrow-band RF measurements where it is desired to maintain constant magnitude response over the oscilloscope passband.

Trigger

Overview

Triggering is the way an oscilloscope selects an exact moment in time on a signal to then be shown on the screen. If the pattern of a signal happens to be repetitive, a continuous waveform pattern is inherently visible on the display.

But without a regular signal pattern, the oscilloscope requires controls to determine what specific point in time (when a trigger is met) to show the signal on the display. This is accomplished and affected in a variety of ways.

Some trigger settings allow for pre-trigger, post-trigger, and a delay between the time of the trigger event and the time when the display is refreshed (or sweeped) and the waveform is again shown on the screen.

The instrument uses many waveform capture techniques that trigger on features and conditions that you define. These triggers fall into the following major categories:

 Simple Triggers - activated by basic waveform features or conditions

such as a positive or negative slope, and hold‐off

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 SMART Triggers - sophisticated triggers that enable you to use basic

or complex conditions for triggering. Use SMART Triggers for signals with rare features, like glitches.

 Measurement Trigger - triggers that allow you to leverage

parameter measurements as waveform trigger conditions. A measurement trigger is either the only trigger or the final trigger in a chain of trigger events including hardware triggers.

 MultiStage Triggers - varied forms of triggers including Cascaded,

QualFirst, and Qualified allowing varied combinations of triggers

and trigger stages.

 Serial Triggers - provide serial data protocol specific triggering for a

wide variety of standards.

Trigger Types

There are a set of standard Trigger Types. These Triggers are basic waveform features or conditions such as a positive or negative slope, and hold-off and are available on all oscilloscopes along with tools like Software Assisted Trigger and Trigger Scan.

In addition, there are more sophisticated triggers for setting basic or complex conditions. These include Smart Triggers, Serial Trigger, Measurement Triggers, and MultiStage Triggers.

To learn more, Contact Teledyne LeCroy for Support.

Edge

A simple trigger, Edge trigger is activated by basic waveform features or conditions such as positive or negative slope, and holdoff.

Note: On WaveMaster 8 Zi and Zi-A, up to 15 GHz bandwidth is available while Edge Triggering (provided no holdoff is selected).

Width

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Width trigger allows you to define a positive- or negative-going pulse width bounded by a voltage level, above or below an occurring trigger. Or you can specify a pulse width and voltage range, within or outside an occurring trigger.

Pattern (Logic)

Logic trigger enables triggering on a logical combination (pattern) of five inputs: CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, and AUX (sometimes referred to as EXT on legacy oscilloscope models). You have a choice of four Boolean operators (AND, NAND, OR, NOR), and you can stipulate the high or low voltage logic level for each input independently.

Smart

These are a specific set of sophisticated trigger types. Smart trigger types are used to set conditions on signals with rare features, like the glitches and others as follows:

WINDOW

A smart trigger occurs when a signal enters or exits a window defined by adjustable thresholds.

INTERVAL

While Glitch trigger performs over the width of a pulse, Interval trigger performs over the width of an interval - the signal duration (the period) separating two consecutive edges of the same polarity: positive to positive or negative to negative. Use interval trigger to capture intervals that fall short of, or exceed, a given time limit. In addition, you can define a width range to capture any interval that is itself inside or outside the specified range - an Exclusion trigger by interval.

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GLITCH

Glitch trigger is a simpler form of Width trigger. Use Glitch trigger when you want to define a fixed pulse-width time or time range only. Glitch trigger makes no provision for voltage levels or ranges.

DROPOUT

Used primarily in single-shot applications, and usually with a pre-trigger delay, Dropout trigger can detect lost signals. The trigger is generated at the end of the timeout period following the last trigger source transition.

RUNT

The Runt trigger occurs when a pulse crosses a first threshold line, but fails to cross a second threshold line before re-crossing the first. Other defining conditions for this trigger are the edge (triggers on the slope opposite to that selected) and runt width.

SLEW RATE

SlewRate trigger activates a trigger when the rising or falling edge of a pulse crosses two threshold levels: an upper level and a lower level. The pulse edge must cross the thresholds faster or slower than a selected period of time.

Measurement

This trigger type allows you to leverage parameter measurements as waveform trigger conditions. A measurement trigger is either the only trigger or the final trigger in a chain of trigger events including hardware triggers.

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Not available on all instruments, TV triggers provide stable triggering on standard or custom composite video signals. Use them on PAL, SECAM, NTSC, or HDTV systems.

MulitStage

Touching this MultiStage trigger type shows the additional MultiStage types on the dialog. Select from Cascaded, QualFirst, and Qualified as follows:

CASCADED

The Cascaded trigger allows you to define successive trigger Stages (referred to as Stage A, B, C, and D) as arm, trigger/arm, trigger/arm, trigger criteria, respectively.

QUALFIRST

In single trigger mode, QualFirst arms the oscilloscope on the A event, and then triggers on all subsequent B events.

Note: This button is enabled when using the sequence sampling mode. It is commonly used in sequence mode for disk drive applications with the index pulse defined as the A qualifier signal and the servo gate signal as the B triggering events.

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QUALIFIED A-B

In single trigger mode, Qualify A-B arms the oscilloscope on the A event, and then triggers on the B event. If the oscilloscope is in Normal trigger mode, it automatically resets after the B event. Arm trigger events can be set for Edge, Pattern, State, and PatState. State is briefly explained as follows:

State

The State trigger is a level-qualified trigger which requires that the qualifying signal remain above or below a specified voltage level for a trigger to occur. For State trigger, you specify the time or number of events after the signal has gone above or below the voltage level when you want the trigger to occur.

Serial Trigger

Protocol-enabled serial trigger capabilities are available as options on several oscilloscope models.

Clock and Data Recovery (CDR)

SERIES-SPECIFIC FEATURE: 80-bit Serial Trigger (without decode capability)

is standard on SDA model oscilloscopes and optional on DDA model oscilloscopes.

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Trigger Settings

Horizontal and Vertical adjustments are typically made for all trigger types using either the Delay or Level knobs on the front panel of the instrument or their respective controls on the Timebase setup dialog.

 Horizontal: Turn the DELAY knob in the HORIZONTAL control group

to adjust the trigger's horizontal position. Or, touch inside the Delay control and provide a value on the Timebase dialog using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33).

The trigger location is shown by a marker under the grid.

Post-trigger delay is indicated by a left-pointing arrow at the lowerleft of the grid.

The time value is given in the title line of the Timebase label at the lower-right of the grid.

 Vertical: Turn the LEVEL knob in the TRIGGER control group to adjust

the trigger's vertical threshold.

Turn this knob to adjust the level of the trigger source or the highlighted trace. Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger will generate an event: a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions.

Alternatively, in the Trigger dialog, you can touch inside the Level control and provide a value using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33). Quickly set a level of zero volts by touching the Zero Level button.

An arrow on the right side of the grid shows the threshold position. This arrow is only visible if the trigger source is displayed.

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Trigger Setup

Based on your Trigger Type selection, sections of the main Trigger dialog and additional dialogs altogether vary.

Most trigger types have Type, Setup, and Level selections. The following sections explain some of the standard setup configurations for different trigger types.

1. Make your Type selection by touching the button corresponding to

the desired trigger.

2. Touch inside the trigger Source control for your first Setup

configuration and select a source on which to trigger.

3. If available, touch inside the Coupling control and select a coupling

mode. Coupling refers to the type of signal coupling at the input of the

trigger circuit. Choices of trigger coupling vary by oscilloscope model.

With DC coupling, all of the signal's frequency components are coupled to the trigger circuit for high-frequency bursts.

4. Touch inside the trigger Slope control and choose the direction of

the trigger voltage transition used for generating a particular trigger event.

The selection is then shown to the right of the dialog as follows for a Positive Slope selection on an Edge Trigger.

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Edge trigger works on the selected edge at the chosen level. The slope

(positive or negative) is specified on the Trigger label permanently shown

to the lower-right of the grid.

5. Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger circuit

generates an event (a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions). The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger source.

Note: The trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when the vertical gain or offset is modified. The Amplitude and Range of the trigger level have limits as detailed in the datasheet specifications regularly maintained on teledynelecroy.com.

Touch inside the Level data entry control and provide a voltage level (in millivolts).

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 Once specified, Trigger Level and Coupling are the only parameters

remaining unchanged as you switch from trigger mode to trigger mode for each trigger source.

 Some additional controls and dialogs for triggers that differ are

provided in the following topics as examples.

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Optimize for HF

The Optimize for HF checkbox can be used on an Edge trigger to reject high or low frequencies.

The checkbox is marked by default; meaning, the instrument is optimized for high-frequency waveforms.

Note: If you are measuring a waveform that is 10 MHz or slower, be sure to unmark the checkbox to avoid triggering on an incorrect slope.

Width Condition is

Width triggers (and other triggers equipped with conditional logic) have conditional logic settings as follows.

Your Width Condition can be specified as Less Than, Greater Than, In

Range and Out Of Range.

In Range and Out Of Range conditions can be further set with Upper and Lower Values (for Limits), or Nominal width and Delta (for Delta).

Note: Width Condition settings are summarized on the far right of the

dialog.

Holdoff by Time or Events

Holdoff is an additional condition of Edge and Pattern triggers. It can be expressed either as a period of time or an event count. Holdoff disables the trigger circuit for a given period of time or number of events after the last trigger occurred. Events are the number of occasions on which the trigger condition is met. The trigger resumes when the holdoff has elapsed and its other conditions are met.

Set holdoff by touching the Time or Events buttons on the Holdoff dialog.

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Now, click the corresponding control and provide a value.

Use holdoff to obtain a stable trigger for repetitive, composite waveforms. For example, if the number or duration of sub-signals is known you can disable them by choosing an appropriate holdoff value. Qualified triggers operate using conditions similar to holdoff.

HOLD OFF BY TIME

Sometimes you can achieve a stable display of complex, repetitive waveforms by placing a condition on the time between each successive trigger event. This time would otherwise be limited only by the input signal, the coupling, and the instrument's bandwidth. Select a positive or negative slope, and a minimum time between triggers. The trigger is generated when the condition is met after the selected holdoff time, counted from the last trigger. The delay is initialized and started on each trigger.

Edge Trigger with Holdoff by Time. The bold edges on the trigger source indicate

that a positive slope has been selected. The broken upward-pointing arrows

indicate potential triggers, which would occur if other conditions are met. The

bold arrows indicate where the triggers actually occur when the holdoff time has

been exceeded.

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HOLD OFF BY EVENTS

Select a positive or negative slope and a number of events. An event is the number of times the trigger condition is met after the last trigger. A trigger is generated when the condition is met after this number, counted from the last trigger. The count is restarted on each trigger. For example, if the event number is two, the trigger occurs on the third event.

Edge Trigger with Holdoff by Events (in this example, two events). The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a positive slope has been selected. The broken,

upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones show

where triggers actually occur after the holdoff expires.

Auxiliary Input Trigger

Some instrument models provide auxiliary input trigger capability. It's done as a pattern trigger, on the Ext dialog.

Select X1, or ÷10. You can also select from DC50Ω, Gnd, and DC1MΩ Impedance values.

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TriggerScan

TriggerScan is a debugging tool (available for any trigger type) that helps you quickly find rare waveform glitches and anomalies. With TriggerScan, you can build a list of trigger setups to look for rare events and automatically sequence through each one. TriggerScan can use any type of trigger setup available including edge, width, and qualify as well as Smart Triggers (such as, glitch and runt triggers). TriggerScan automates two key processes in triggering rare events:

1. Trains the system by looking at normal acquired waveforms. During

the training, the oscilloscope analyzes the waveforms to determine what waveforms normally look like. Using this information, it generates a list of smart trigger setups to trigger on abnormal situations.

2. Loads the smart trigger setups from the Trainer and cycles through

these. As triggers occur, they are overlaid on the screen. All acquisition settings are preserved and you can use all the functions of the oscilloscope to find the root cause of these anomalies including, WaveScan, Histograms, and advanced analysis.

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Training TriggerScan

The TriggerScan Trainer inspects a currently acquired waveform and automatically builds a list of common trigger setups used to find rare events.

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 You must acquire and display at least 3 cycles of a signal before

running the Trainer.

 You should run the Trainer if you want to change the trigger types or

if you change the channel or signal.

1. Touch Trigger → Trigger Setup... from the menu bar.

2. On the Trigger dialog, click the TriggerScan tab.

3. Touch the Trainer button and select a channel as the source for the

training on the Trigger Scan Trainer pop-up. Also choose the types of triggers the Trainer should use to train the system and then touch the Start Training button. The training begins. When it is complete, a list of smart trigger setups is displayed in the Trigger List.

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Starting TriggerScan

After you have run the Trainer, the Trigger List displays a list of smart trigger setups. You can add or remove trigger setups. You can also update the selected smart trigger setup. Once you have made any changes to the Trigger List, you are ready to start scanning.

1. Touch Trigger → Trigger Setup... from the menu bar.

2. On the Trigger dialog, click the TriggerScan tab and its

corresponding dialog is shown.

3. If you want to add a new trigger setup, touch the Trigger tab and set

the new trigger as desired on the Trigger dialog. Then, back on the TriggerScan dialog, touch the Add New button to append the new trigger to the Trigger List.

4. If you want to replace the selected trigger setup with the current

trigger setup, highlight the setup in the Trigger List and touch the Update Selected button.

5. If you want to show a specific trigger setup on the Trigger List,

highlight its corresponding row on the list, and then touch the Load

Selected button.

Note: If you want to delete all trigger setups in the Trigger List,

touch the Delete All button.

6. If you want to delete a trigger setup, highlight the setup in the

Trigger List and touch the Delete Selected button.

7. All trigger setups can be deleted regardless of selections on the

Trigger List with one step by touching the Delete All button.

5. Once you have made any changes to the Trigger List, touch the

Trainer button and then restart the scan by touching the Start Training button on the Trigger Scan Trainer pop-up. The oscilloscope automatically sequences through all the trigger setups.

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PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 You can tune the dwell time that the oscilloscope waits before

loading the next trigger setup using the Dwell Time data entry control.

 If you have Persistence display mode enabled, all trigger events are

recorded on the display. Refer to the Persistence Setup (on page

82) topic for instructions on enabling Persistence display mode.

 If you want TriggerScan to stop when the next oscilloscope trigger,

check the Stop On Trigger checkbox. You can use this to isolate specific trigger setups.

Saving TriggerScan Setups

You should save TriggerScan setups once you have made any modifications to the Trigger List. The current Trigger List is not be preserved after exiting the application unless you save it.

1. On the TriggerScan dialog, touch inside the Setup File Name data

entry control and providing a file name using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33).

OR Touch the Browse button and select a location and file name.

2. Touch the Save Setup... button.

Note: You can load previously saved TriggerScan setups by touching the

Browse button, locating the file, and then touching Load Setup....

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Viewing Waveforms

Display

Oscilloscope display grids present the trace information in a voltage vs. time format. The oscilloscope analog-to-digital converter (ADC) information is displayed vertically on the grid with the ADC bits divided proportionally according to their amplitude on the grid. Channel traces are typically 8-bits of vertical data, whereas Math traces are 16-bits of vertical data. Teledyne LeCroy grids consist of eight vertical divisions.

When displaying channel traces on the grid, use of less than full-grid amplitude results in some reduced vertical resolution and accuracy. For instance, if a channel trace is displayed as two divisions high on a grid, the number of ADC bits utilized is...

2/8 * 2^8 or 64 bits

This is quite less than the full 8-bit resolution. Such a reduction in vertical resolution may be acceptable if the primary measurement consideration is for rough timing measurements; however, if vertical accuracy or extreme timing accuracy is a requirement, it is better to increase the amplitude of the signal to utilize close to maximum grid height. In order to accomplish this while still providing the ability to view many signals at one time on the oscilloscope display Teledyne LeCroy provides multi-grid capability. This creates multiple oscilloscope grids, each with 8-bit vertical resolution, and allows many full-resolution grids (but vertically smaller in grid height) for concurrent display without affecting the vertical resolution.

Different grid displays are available based on instrument and installed software packages. For example, some displays show side-by-side, instead of vertically stacked grids. The additional grid displays offer more convenient views of multiple waveforms. Refer to your instrument datasheet at teledynelecroy.com for detailed information as to which grid displays are provided with your oscilloscope.

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Display Setup

Access and adjust the different display configurations on our oscilloscope using the following steps:

Note: Not all grid styles are available on all instruments. Grid styles vary based on both oscilloscope model and whether or not you have the SDAII software option loaded on your oscilloscope.

1. Touch Display → Display Setup... on the menu bar.

2. Touch one of the Display combination buttons.

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

 Small images label each Display combination button and indicate its

corresponding grid configuration.

 Autogrid automatically adds or deletes grids as you select more or

fewer waveforms to display.

 If more than a certain amount of display setups are available for

your oscilloscope, a Grid control is shown and presents the Select Grid pop-up when touched.

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3. Touch inside the Grid Intensity data entry control (as follows).

Provide a value from 0 to 100.

4. Touch the Grid on top checkbox if you want to superimpose the grid

over the waveform.

Note: Depending on the grid intensity, some of your waveforms may be hidden from view when the grid is placed on top. To undo, simply uncheck Grid on top.

3. Touch the Axis labels checkbox to permanently display the values of

the top and bottom grid lines (calculated from volts/div) and the extreme left and right grid lines (calculated from the timebase).

4. Choose a line style for your trace: solid Line or Points as follows:

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5. Touch inside the trace Intensity data entry control if you want to

change the value.

Enter a value from 0 to 100.

Note: Access the Monitor tab for external monitor display settings. Refer to the External Display topic for more details.

SEQUENCE MODE DISPLAY

Set up a Sequence Mode display by first selecting a Sequence trigger mode in the Timebase → Horizontal Setup dialog. You must also have entered a Num Segments value. For more information on setting up Sequence Mode, see the Sequence Sampling Mode (on page 46) topic.

1. Touch Display → Display Setup... on the menu bar.

2. Touch inside the Display Mode control and select a display mode

from the pop-up menu.

3. Touch inside the Num seg displayed control and enter a value, using

the pop-up keypad.

4. Touch inside the Starting at control and enter a value.

Moving Traces from Grid to Grid

You can move traces from grid to grid with the touch of a button.

Moving a Channel or Math Trace

1. Touch the trace descriptor label for the waveform you want to

move.

2. Touch the Next Grid button.

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Note: If you have more than one waveform displayed on only one grid, a second grid automatically opens when you select Next Grid.

Displays Containing Masks

Since masks are pixel-based display renderings, you can think of them as part of the Display feature set on your instrument. Masks and mask testing are applied to waveforms as part of Pass/Fail functionality accessed from Analysis → Pass/Fail from the menu bar.

Note: For more detailed information about Masks and other Pass/Fail functionality, such as removing a mask from your display, refer to Mask Testing (on page 117).

Dual Display Grid Selection

Make a dual grid display selection for showing on an external display (once properly connected to the I/O panel) by selecting Display → Display

Setup.... Numbered labels on this image correspond with the following

steps.

Note: First-time setup may show a different Display tab. Fix this by touching File → Exit on the menu bar and re-launching the oscilloscope software using the Start DSO shortcut on the desktop.

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1. Touch the Dual button on the Display Mode section of the Display

dialog.

2. Touch inside the Grid control on the Grid Mode section of the dialog.

The Select Grid pop-up is shown.

3. Touch the Dual Display category and choose from Single/Single,

Dual/Dual, and Quad/Quad options.

Your grid selection is now shown on both displays.

Persistence

The Persistence feature helps you display your waveform and reveal its idiosyncrasies or anomalies for a repetitive signal. Use Persistence to accumulate on-screen points from many acquisitions to see your signal change over time. The instrument persistence modes show the most frequent signal path in three-dimensional intensities of the same color, or graded in a spectrum of colors.

You can show persistence for up to eight inputs for any channel, math function, or memory location (M1 to M4).

Persistence Setup

Touch Display → Persistence Setup... on the menu bar.

Now, touch the Persistence On checkbox and refer to the following scenarios based on your needs.

Persistence Setup for All Input Channels at Once

1. Touch the All Locked button.

2. Touch one of the Mode buttons.

3. Touch the Show last trace checkbox if you want the last trace

displayed.

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4. Touch inside the Saturation data entry control and provide a whole

number integer. For more information on saturation, see the Saturation Level topic.

5. Touch inside the Persistence time data entry control and make a

selection from the pop-up menu.

Individual Persistence Setup for Each Channel

1. Touch the Per Trace button.

2. Touch one of the persistence mode buttons next to an input

channel.

To turn off persistence for an individual channel, touch the left-most persistence mode button next to the channel. OR

For each input channel, touch its tab to set up persistence for that channel.

3. Touch one of the mode buttons.

4. Touch the Show last trace checkbox if you want the last trace

displayed.

5. Touch inside the Saturation data entry control and enter a whole

number integer,.

6. Touch inside the Persistence time data entry control and make a

selection from the pop-up menu.

7. If you want to return all input channel setups to their default

settings, touch the Reset All button.

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WaveStream Display Mode

This fast viewing mode provides brightness-graded intensity with a decay time similar to the action of phosphor on an analog screen.

WaveStream mode operates at up to 80 GS/s with an update rate of up to several thousand waveforms/second for better capture of higher frequency abnormal events.

Adjusting Trace Intensity

The INTENSITY knob adjusts the brightness of your trace.

The intensity value is shown in the bottom-right corner of the screen.

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

Pushing the Intensity knob changes the Persistence status in the following ways.

 OFF - When the button hasn't been pushed, it may be turned to

control the trace Intensity value.

 Analog Persistence - When the button is pushed once, the

waveform resembles a trace on a phosphor oscilloscope. Turning the knob affects persistence with a blended form of intensity and saturation. As the knob is turned clockwise, the Intensity value increases while the Saturation value decreases. The opposite occurs when the button is turned counter clockwise.

 Color Persistence - The button behaves the same way as Analog.

However, the grid display shows a color waveform where red

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indicates most frequent occurrences while blue denotes the less frequent.

Instead of using the knob, you can provide values for Intensity (same control on Display and Persistence dialogs) or Saturation controls.

Zooming Waveforms

Overview

You can magnify a selected region of a waveform using the Zoom function. On Zi model oscilloscopes, you can display up to four Zoom (Z1 - Z4) and eight Math Zoom traces (F1 - F8). You can zoom:

 A single channel  A math or memory trace  Multiple waveforms at once  Segments in a sequence

At any time, you can zoom a portion of a channel waveform or Memory/Math function trace by touching and dragging a rectangle around any part of the input waveform, see To Zoom by Touch-and-Drag (on page

88). The zoom trace will size itself to fit the full width of the grid. The degree of magnification, therefore, will depend on the size of the rectangle that you draw.

Previewing Zoomed Waveforms

When you zoom a waveform, a preview of the zoomed area is shown on the Preview section of the Zx dialog.

You can also use the front panel QUICKZOOM button to create multiple zooms, one for each displayed input channel. For more information, see To Zoom Multiple Waveforms Quickly (on page

88).

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Zooming a Single Channel

1. On the menu bar, touch Vertical → Channel X Setup....

OR Touch the channel trace descriptor label for a displayed channel.

2. Touch the Zoom at the bottom of the Cx Vertical Adjust dialog. A

zoom trace (one of Z1 to Z4) is created for the selected channel.

3. Vary the degree of zoom by touching the newly created Zx trace

label. The setup dialog for the zoom (Z1 to Z4) opens. It shows the current horizontal and vertical zoom factors.

4. If you want to increase or decrease your horizontal or vertical zoom

in small increments, touch the Var. checkbox to enable variable zooming. Now with each touch of the zoom control buttons, the degree of magnification changes by a small increment.

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If you want to zoom in or out in large standard increments with each touch of the zoom control buttons, leave the Var. checkbox unchecked.

OR If you want to set exact horizontal or vertical zoom factors, touch inside the Horizontal Scale/div data entry control and provide a time-per-div value using your preferred input control method. Additional information on using the touch screen controls can be found in the Dialog Area (on page 33). Then touch inside the Vertical

Scale/div control and enter a voltage value.

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

To reset the zoom to x1 magnification, touch Reset Zoom on the Zoom dialog. You can also use the Zoom and Math front panel knobs to adjust the horizontal and vertical zoom.