Teledyne 6650 User Manual
UV-Photo-X
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR
MODEL 6650B
UV-Photo-X Fluorescence Analyzer
P/N M6650
02/15/2006
ECO # xx-xxxx
DANGER
Toxic gases and or flammable liquids may be present in this monitoring system.
Personal protective equipment may be required when servicing this instrument.
Hazardous voltages exist on certain components internally which may persist for a
time even after the power is turned off and disconnected.
Only authorized personnel should conduct maintenance and/or servicing. Before
conducting any maintenance or servicing, consult with authorized
supervisor/manager.
Teledyne Analytical Instruments i
Model 6650
Copyright © 2006 Teledyne Analytical Instruments
All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language or computer language in
whole or in part, in any form or by any means, whether it be electronic, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Teledyne
Analytical Instruments, 16830 Chestnut Street, City of Industry, CA 91749-1580.
Warranty
This equipment is sold subject to the mutual agreement that it is warranted by us free from
defects of material and of construction, and that our liability shall be limited to replacing or
repairing at our factory (without charge, except for transportation), or at customer plant at
our option, any material or construction in which defects become apparent within one year
from the date of shipment, except in cases where quotations or acknowledgements provide
for a shorter period. Components manufactured by others bear the warranty of their
manufacturer. This warranty does not cover defects caused by wear, accident, misuse,
neglect or repairs other than those performed by Teledyne or an authorized service center.
We assume no liability for direct or indirect damages of any kind and the purchaser by the
acceptance of the equipment will assume all liability for any damage which may result from
its use or misuse.
We reserve the right to employ any suitable material in the manufacture of our apparatus,
and to make any alterations in the dimensions, shape or weight of any parts, in so far as
such alterations do not adversely affect our warranty.
Important Notice
This instrument provides measurement readings to its use r, an d serves as a tool b y whic h
valuable data can be gathered. The information provided by the instrument may assist the user
in eliminating potential hazards caused by his process; however, it is essential that all
personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface, with the process being
measured, be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all instrumentation related to it.
The safety of personnel is ultimately the responsibility of those who control process
conditions. While this instrument may be able to provide early warning of imminent
danger, it has no control over process conditions, and it can be misused. In particular, any
alarm or control systems installed must be tested and understood, both as to how they
operate and as to how they can be defeated. Any safeguards required such as locks, labels,
or redundancy, must be provided by the user or specifically requested of Teledyne at the
time the order is placed.
Therefore, the purchaser must be aware of the hazardous process conditions. The purchaser
is responsible for the training of personnel, for providing hazard warning methods and
instrumentation per the appropriate standards, and for ensuring that hazard warning devices
and instrumentation are maintained and operated properly.
Teledyne Analytical Instruments, the manufacturer of this instrument, cannot accept
responsibility for conditions beyond its knowledge and control. No statement expressed or
implied by this document or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or its
agents, is to be construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user’s process
conditions.
ii Teledyne Analytical Instruments
UV-Photo-X
Safety Messages
Your safety and the safety of others is very important. We have provided
many important safety messages in this manual. Please read these
messages carefully.
A safety message alerts you to potential hazards that could hurt you
or others. Each safety message is associated with a safety alert symbol.
These symbols are found in the manual and inside the instrument. The
definition of these symbols is described below:
GENERAL WARNING/CAUTION: Refer to the instructions
for details on the specific danger. These cautions warn of
specific procedures which if not followed could cause bodily
Injury and/or damage the instrument.
CAUTION: HOT SURFACE WARNING: This warning is
specific to heated components within the instrument. Failure
to heed the warning could result in serious burns to skin and
underlying tissue.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD: Dangerous
voltages appear within this instrument. This warning is
specific to an electrical hazard existing at or nearby the
component or procedure under discussion. Failure to heed this
warning could result in injury and/or death from
electrocution.
Technician Symbol: All operations marked with this symbol
are to be performed by qualified maintenance personnel only.
NOTE: Additional information and comments regarding a
specific component or procedure are highlighted in the form
of a note.
CAUTION: THE ANALYZER SHOULD ONLY BE USED FOR THE
PURPOSE AND IN THE MANNER DESCRIBED IN
THIS MANUAL.
Teledyne Analytical Instruments iii
Model 6650
IF YOU USE THE ANALYZER IN A MANNER OTHER
THAN THAT FOR WHICH IT WAS INTENDED,
UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR COULD RESULT
POSSIBLY ACCOMPANIED WITH HAZARDOUS
CONSEQUENCES.
This manual provides information designed to guide you through
the installation, calibration and operation of your new analyzer. Please
read this manual and keep it available.
Occasionally, some instruments are customized for a particular
application or features and/or options added per customer requests.
Please check the front of this manual for any additional information in
the form of an Addendum which discusses specific information,
procedures, cautions and warnings that may be peculiar to your
instrument.
Manuals do get lost. Additional manuals can be obtained from
Teledyne at the address given in the Appendix. Some of our manuals are
available in electronic form via the internet. Please visit our website at:
www.teledyne-ai.com.
iv Teledyne Analytical Instruments
UV-Photo-X
Table of Contents
Safety Messages ..........................................................................iii
Table of Contents..........................................................................v
List of Figures vii
Introduction ...................................................................................1
1.1 Theory of Operation 1
1.2 Filter Based Flurometer Description 2
Definition of Terms........................................................................4
2.1 Excitation Filter 4
2.2 Emission Filter 4
2.3 Measure Detector 4
2.4 Span Filter 4
2.5 Background Fluorescence 5
2.6 Sensitivity 5
2.7 Specificity 5
2.8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 5
2.9 Signal-to-Background Ratio 6
2.10 Dynamic Range 6
2.11 Linearity 6
2.12 Process Background 6
2.13 Mode 1 Initialization 6
2.14 Mode 2 Initialization 7
Diagnostics & Controls.................................................................8
3.1 Front Panel Controls 8
Hardware Installation....................................................................9
4.1 Physical 9
4.2 Optical 9
4.3 Electrical 10
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Model 6650
Setup & Operation....................................................................... 12
5.1 First Power-Up Following Installation 13
5.2 Application Engineering 14
5.3 Initialization for Process Monitoring: Mode 2 Operation 15
5.3.1 Case 1: Process monitoring following hardware
setup without application engineer 15
5.3.2 Case 2: Process monitoring without application
engineering 15
5.3.3 Case 3: Process monitoring following application
engineering 16
5.4 Initialization for Process Monitoring: Mode 1 Operation 18
5.5 Adjusting the Display 19
5.6 Adjusting the 20 mA Level 20
5.7 Adjusting the 20 mA Level 21
5.8 Diagnostics 22
5.8.1 Front Panel Lamp Diagnostics 22
5.8.2 Rectifying the Problem: Flashing Yellow Indicators 23
5.8.3 Rectifying the Problem: Red Indicators 24
Specifications.............................................................................. 26
6.1 General Measurement Specifications 26
6.2 Transmitter Specifications 27
6.3 Mechanical Specifications of Analysis Cell/Probe. 28
Appendix...................................................................................... 30
A-1 Application Engineering Assistance 30
A-1.1 Series 1 - Initializing the Unit and Determination of
the Probe/Analyzer Signal Level 30
A-1.2 Determination of the Probe/Transmitter
Fluorescence in a Non-Fluorescing Liquid: 32
A-1.3 Determination of the Process Fluorescence: 33
A-2 Notes 36
A-3 Recommended 2-Year Spare Parts List 37
Index............................................................................................. 38
vi Teledyne Analytical Instruments
UV-Photo-X
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Molecular Fluorescence Example.............................1
Figure 3-1: Photo-X Front Panel Controls...................................8
Figure 4-1: Top view of Flurometer............................................11
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Model 6650
DANGER
COMBUSTIBLE GAS USAGE
This is a general purpose instrument designed for usage in a
nonhazardous area. It is the customer's responsibility to
ensure safety especially when combustible gases are being
analyzed since the potential of gas leaks always exist.
The customer should ensure that the principles of operating
of this equipment are well understood by the user. Misuse of
this product in any manner, tampering with its components,
or unauthorized substitution of any component may
adversely affect the safety of this instrument.
WARNING
Since the use of this instrument is beyond the control of
Teledyne, no responsibility by Teledyne, its affiliates, and
agents for damage or injury from misuse or neglect of this
equipment is implied or assumed.
viii Teledyne Analytical Instruments
UV-Photo-X Introduction
Introduction
1.1 Theory of Operation
The ability to monitor the concentration of an analyte in a process
stream is critical for accurate and reliable process control. There are
many techniques used to determine the analyte concentration of interest.
One of the most sensitive sensing techniques is molecular fluorescence.
Fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs light energy, either
ultraviolet or visible, and rapidly emits light, at some longer wavelength.
Fluorescence of this type is referred to as Stokes fluorescence.
Fluorimetry characterizes the excitation and emission properties of the
molecular species. Figure 1-1 shows an example of the excitation and
emission spectrum from a hypothetical fluorophore.
Fluorimetry is concerned with two types of information: 1) The
(spectral) wavelength distribution, which is characteristic of the
electronic properties of the molecule, and 2) The intensity of the
fluorescence, which is typically correlated to the concentration of the
fluorescent molecule in the solution.
Figure 1-1: Molecular Fluorescence Example
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Introduction Model 6650
1.2 Filter Based Flurometer Description
The Fluorometer is a filter-based analyzer. The Fluorometer
measures the ability of the analyte of interest to absorb light in a narrow
spectral region and emit light at a longer wavelength. A filter-based
Fluorometer is a good choice when quantitative measurements are
desired for a specific analyte in process. Additionally, the Fluorometer
provides a relative measurement and can be calibrated with a known
concentration standard(s) or correlated to measurements using standard
laboratory methods resulting in a quantitative fluorescence.
A filter-based Fluorometer uses optical filters to provide specific
excitation or emission wavelengths wavelengths for molecular
fluorescence. In the Fluorometer the filters are located internal to the
transmitter and are specific to the application. Therefore, the
Fluorometer is a dedicated instrument for monitoring only one specific
analyte of interest. The filter sets used to configure the instrument are
specific to the analyte of interest. In order to monitor a new analyte of
interest, the user must return the Fluorometer to TIA for factory
reconfiguration. The Fluorometer can be used for both quantitative
measurements (determination of analyte concentration) and control
measurements (switching of valves once a fluorescence level is attained,
for example)
In brief, the Fluorometer works as follows: The light source
launches excitation light into a fiber optic cable. The fiber optic cable
transfers the excitation light to the Fluorescence probe mounted in the
process. The fluorescence probe launches light into the process sample,
and collects the molecular fluorescence (emission) from the sample. The
emission light is then transferred from the probe through fiber optic
cable to the analyzer. The emission light passes through an emission
filter in order to remove any residual excitation energy collected by the
fluorescence probe. The emission light then impinges a detector and the
fluorescence intensity is displayed on the analyzer.
Unlike many fluorescence units on the market, the Fluorometer
utilizes a xenon flash lamp to provide excitation energy. This lamp
allows the Fluorometer to be easily configured to meet any excitation
wavelength requirement with the appropriate filter selection across the
entire spectrum. The xenon flash lamp also has an extended lifetime
compared to other common UV sources (deuterium, mercury vapor,
etc.), which reduces the cost of ownership of the analyzer.
2 Teledyne Analytical Instruments
UV-Photo-X Introduction
The remainder of this manual provides the user with the necessary
tools to operate the Fluorometer. In addition to standard operation
methods and procedures, a section detailing some application
development objectives (Appendix 1) has been provided to aid the user
in defining the parameters required to realize optimal process
monitoring.
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Definition of Terms Model 6650
Definition of Terms
2.1 Excitation Filter
The excitation filter is used to select the range of wavelengths, the
pass band, used to cause or excite the molecular fluorescence.
Wavelengths not in the pass band are rejected and ideally never reach
the sample. Removal of wavelengths outside the pass band minimizes
the possibly of false fluorescence readings due to detection of light from
the lamp which mimics the fluorescence signal.
2.2 Emission Filter
The emission filter is used to select the range of wavelengths, the
pass band, to be passed to the measure detector. Wavelengths not in the
pass band are rejected and ideally never reach the sample. It is critical
that the excitation wavelengths never reach the detector, since it will
respond to excitation light. Excitation light impinging the measure
detector results in increased residual background levels, which reduces
the dynamic range, the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal-to-blank ratio.
2.3 Measure Detector
The light detector is most often a photomultiplier tube, though
photodiodes are increasingly being used. The light passing through the
emission filter is detected by the photomultiplier or photodiode. The
light intensity, which is proportional to the analyte concentration, is
registered as a digital readout.
2.4 Span Filter
The span filter is used to check instrument operation. When a
fluorescence filter is employed the span filter fluorescence value is
dependent on the initialization method utilized and the standards used
during calibration. The span filter is used to verify instrument operation
and should not be used to calibrate the instrument.
4 Teledyne Analytical Instruments
UV-Photo-Florescenceefinition of Terms
2.5 Background Fluorescence
The fluorescence signal due to the probe/analyzer optical
configuration, stray light, and fluorescence from the background
material.
2.6 Sensitivity
The ability of the analyzer to detect a given level of analyte
based on the molecular fluorescence from the analyte. The actual limits
of detection depend on the properties of the analyte measured and the
process conditions. Parameters such as pH, temperature, oxygen content,
and background solvent, to name but a few may dramatically alter the
fluorescence intensity measured. Typically, detection of parts-permillion (PPM) and parts-per-billion (PPB) analyte levels can be
detected. In general, fluorescent measurements are 1,000 to 500,000
times more sensitive than absorbance based photometric measurements.
Practically, sensitivity means the minimum analyte concentration that
can be measured above background fluorescence in the process.
2.7 Specificity
The ability of the analyzer to monitor one specific analyte in a
mixture of background materials without interference from the
background materials. In absorbance based photometric measurements,
interference problems are common since many materials absorb light,
making it difficult to isolate the targeted analyte in a complex mixture.
However, Fluorometers are highly specific and less susceptible to
interferences because fewer materials exhibit molecular fluorescence.
Furthermore, if background materials do absorb and emit light, it is rare
that they will emit the same wavelength of light as the analyte of
interest.
2.8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Signal refers to the emission collected by the fluorescence probe
and monitored by the analyzer using the internal span filter. Noise
refers to the output from the instrument’s electronics, which is present
whether or not sample is being read and any collection of errant
wavelengths not removed by the optical filters. Noise is measured by
placing the fluorescence probe in air and in complete darkness (no stray
light). For process monitoring, the signal-to-noise ratio is not as
important as the signal-to background ratio.
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Definition of Terms Model 6650
2.9 Signal-to-Background Ratio
Signal refers to the emission collected from a sample with known
analyte concentration by the fluorescence probe and monitored by the
analyzer. Background refers to the process liquid containing no analyte
of interest and any stray light present in the system. The signal-tobackground ratio should be calculated during the application engineering
phase of the project. Knowing this ratio will help determine when the
stray light level changes and/or the background material fluorescence
properties change. Refer to Appendix 1 for additional details.
2.10 Dynamic Range
Dynamic range refers to the range of concentrations an
instrument can read, from the minimum to the maximum detectable.
The minimum detectable concentration is determined by signal-to-noise
and signal-to-background ratios. The maximum detectable concentration
is determined by the compound’s chemistry and by factors such as
instrument sensitivity ranges, fluorescence (quantum) efficiency,
specificity of optical filters, etc.
2.11 Linearity
Fluorescence intensity is typically directly proportional (linear) to
concentration. There are, however, factors that affect this linear
relationship. For example, variations in temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen content, stray light, turbidity, variation in the chemical
composition of the background, etc. can dramatically affect the linearity
of the fluorescence response. Practically, the linearity of the
measurement is determined during the application engineering phase of
the project. Refer to Appendix 1 for details.
2.12 Process Background
The liquid solution used to transport or sustain the analyte of
interest in the process. This solution has all the chemical constituents
found in the process except the analyte of interest.
2.13 Mode 1 Initialization
Mode 1 initialization is a method for setting up the Fluorometer for
process monitoring. Mode 1 initialization is used to setup the
Fluorometer when the fluorescence intensity versus analyte
6 Teledyne Analytical Instruments
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