Teledyne 4060 User Manual

INSTRUCTION, OPERATING AND

MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR

SERIES 4060

P/N M76417

DATE 06/29/10

Toxic and/or flammable gases or liquids may be present in this monitoring system.
Personal protective equipment may be required when servicing this instrument.
Hazardous voltages exist on certain components internally which may persist for

a time even after the power is turned off and disconnected.
Only authorized personnel should conduct maintenance and/or servicing. Before

conducting any maintenance or servicing, consult with authorized
supervisor/manager.

DANGER

Series 4060

Copyright © 2010 Teledyne Analytical Instruments

All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language or computer language in
whole or in part, in any form or by any means, whether it be electronic, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Teledyne
Analytical Instruments, 16830 Chestnut Street, City of Industry, CA 91749-1580.

Warranty

This equipment is sold subject to the mutual agreement that it is warranted by us free from
defects of material and of construction, and that our liability shall be limited to replacing or
repairing at our factory (without charge, except for transportation), or at customer plant at
our option, any material or construction in which defects become apparent within one year
from the date of shipment, except in cases where quotations or acknowledgements provide
for a shorter period. Components manufactured by others bear the warranty of their
manufacturer. This warranty does not cover defects caused by wear, accident, misuse,
neglect or repairs other than those performed by Teledyne or an authorized service center.
We assume no liability for direct or indirect damages of any kind and the purchaser by the
acceptance of the equipment will assume all liability for any damage which may result from
its use or misuse.

We reserve the right to employ any suitable material in the manufacture of our apparatus,
and to make any alterations in the dimensions, shape or weight of any parts, in so far as
such alterations do not adversely affect our warranty.

Important Notice

This instrument provides measurement readings to its user, an d serves as a to ol by whic h
valuable data can be gathered. The information provided by the instrument may assist the user
in eliminating potential hazards caused by his process; however, it is essential that all
personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface be properly trained in the
process being measured, as well as all instrumentation related to it.

The safety of personnel is ultimately the responsibility of those who control process
conditions. While this instrument may be able to provide early warning of imminent
danger, it has no control over process conditions, and it can be misused. In particular, any
alarm or control systems installed must be tested and understood, both as to how they
operate and as to how they can be defeated. Any safeguards required such as locks, labels,
or redundancy, must be provided by the user or specifically requested of Teledyne at the
time the order is placed.

Therefore, the purchaser must be aware of the hazardous process conditions. The purchaser
is responsible for the training of personnel, for providing hazard warning methods and
instrumentation per the appropriate standards, and for ensuring that hazard warning devices
and instrumentation are maintained and operated properly.

Teledyne Analytical Instruments, the manufacturer of this instrument, cannot accept
responsibility for conditions beyond its knowledge and control. No statement expressed or
implied by this document or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or its
agents, is to be construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user’s process
conditions.

ii Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060

Safety Messages

Your safety and the safety of others is very important. We have
provided many important safety messages in this manual. Please read
these messages carefully.

A safety message alerts you to potential hazards that could hurt you
or others. Each safety message is associated with a safety alert symbol.
These symbols are found in the manual and inside the instrument. The
definition of these symbols is described below:

GENERAL WARNING/CAUTION: Refer to the
instructions for details on the specific danger. These
cautions warn of specific procedures which if not
followed could cause bodily Injury and/or damage the
instrument.

No

Symbol

CAUTION: HOT SURFACE WARNING: This warning is
specific to heated components within the instrument.
Failure to heed the warning could result in serious burns
to skin and underlying tissue.

WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD: Dangerous
voltages appear within this instrument. This warning is
specific to an electrical hazard existing at or nearby the
component or procedure under discussion. Failure to heed
this warning could result in injury and/or death from
electrocution.

Technician Symbol: All operations marked with this
symbol are to be performed by qualified maintenance
personnel only.

NOTE: Additional information and comments regarding
a specific component or procedure are highlighted in the
form of a note.

STAND-BY: This symbol indicates that the instrument is
on Stand-by but circuits are active.

Teledyne Analytical Instruments iii

Series 4060

CAUTION: THE ANALYZER SHOULD ONLY BE USED FOR THE

PURPOSE AND IN THE MANNER DESCRIBED IN
THIS MANUAL.

IF YOU USE THE ANALYZER IN A MANNER OTHER
THAN THAT FOR WHICH IT WAS INTENDED,
UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR COULD RESULT
POSSIBLY ACCOMPANIED WITH HAZARDOUS
CONSEQUENCES.

This manual provides information designed to guide you through the
installation, calibration and operation of your new analyzer. Please read
this manual and keep it available.

Occasionally, some instruments are customized for a particular
application or features and/or options added per customer requests.
Please check the front of this manual for any additional information in
the form of an Addendum which discusses specific information,
procedures, cautions and warnings that may be specific to your
instrument.

Manuals do get misplaced. Additional manuals can be obtained from
Teledyne at the address given in the Appendix. Some of our manuals are
available in electronic form via the internet. Please visit our website at:
www.teledyne-ai.com.

iv Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060

Additional Safety Information

DANGER

COMBUSTIBLE GAS USAGE

This is a general purpose instrument designed for use in a
non-hazardous area. It is the customer's responsibility to
ensure safety especially when combustible gases are being
analyzed since the potential of gas leaks always exist.

WARNING

The customer should ensure that the principles of operating
of this equipment are well understood by the user. Misuse of
this product in any manner, tampering with its components,
or unauthorized substitution of any component may
adversely affect the safety of this instrument.

Since the use of this instrument is beyond the control of
Teledyne, no responsibility by Teledyne, its affiliates, and
agents for damage or injury from misuse or neglect of this
equipment is implied or assumed.

WARNING: HYDROGEN GAS IS USED IN THIS INSTRUMENT AS

A FUEL. HYDROGEN IS EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
EXTREME CARE MUST BE USED WHEN WORKING
AROUND GAS MIXTURES CONTAINING
FLAMMABLE GASES.

A successful leak check was performed at TI/AI on
the sample system of this instrument prior to
calibration, testing and shipping. Ensure that there
are no leaks in the fuel supply lines before applying
power to the system.

Teledyne Analytical Instruments v

Series 4060

Always purge the entire system before performing
any maintenance and always leak check the system
after removing any tubing or fittings on the sample
system. See the procedures for purging and leak
checking this instrument on the following pages.

If toxic gases or other hazardous materials are
introduced into the sample system, the same
precautions regarding leak checking and purging
apply to the sample lines and sample supply or
delivery lines.

WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD. WITH THE

EXCEPTION OF OPENING THE DOOR AND
ADJUSTING THE PRESSURE REGULATORS, FLOW
CONTROLLER, OR OBSERVING THE PRESSURE
GAUGES AND THE FLOWMETER, ONLY
AUTHORIZED AND SUITABLY TRAINED
PERSONNEL SHOULD PERFORM WORK INSIDE OF
THE INSTRUMENT. COMPONENTS WITHIN THE
COVER ON THE INSIDE OF THE DOOR, INSIDE THE
ISOTHERMAL CHAMBER (SAMPLE SYSTEM), AND
ON THE ELECTROMETER-AMPLIFIER PC BOARD
CONTAIN DANGEROUSLY HIGH VOLTAGE
SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY OR
DEATH.

There are the following three types of inaccessible

shock hazards within the Analyzer:

1. Line voltages and line related voltages such as
115 VAC which exists within the 230 VAC
versions as well. These voltages stop when the
Analyzer is turned off and the mains (line) cord is
removed from the instrument.

2. The sensor anode supply voltage (approximately
250 VDC). This voltage exists on the Flame
Guard, anode power supply, PCB, the
motherboard, and the anode/igniter terminals on
the sensor. THIS VOLTAGE WILL REMAIN
HAZARDOUS FOR MANY MINUTES AFTER THE
ANALYZER HAS BEEN TURNED OFF!

vi Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060

3. External hazardous voltages which may be
connected to the Analyzer alarm relay
connections.

Procedure for Removal of Internal Inaccessible
Shock Hazards

CAUTION: SERVICING OR MAINTENANCE OF THE ANALYZER

SHOULD ONLY BE DONE BY SUITABLE TRAINED
PERSONNEL. TO AVOID THESE INACCESSIBLE
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES WHEN SERVICING THE
SERIES 4060, PERFORM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
STEPS, IN THE ORDER GIVEN, BEFORE SERVICING
BEGINS:

1. Switch off the power to the Analyzer and remove the main (line)

power cord from the Analyzer.

2. Remove all external voltages from the connections to the alarm

contacts.

3. Wait one minute.

4. Discharge the anode supply voltage.
a. Connect one end of an insulated (to 1000 VDC or more)

clip lead to Analyzer chassis ground (the standoff for the
upper right corner of the mother PCB).

b. Put one end of a 500V rated 1000 ohm resistor in the

other end of the clip lead.

c. Check the voltage between chassis ground (the standoff

for the upper right corner of the mother PCB) and the top
side of R2 at PCB number B74671. It should be between

-5VDC and +5VDC. If is in that range, the inaccessible
hazardous voltage removal procedure is completed, if not
repeat steps 4.a and 4.b.

If it is absolutely necessary to work inside the instrument with power

on, use the ONE HAND RULE:

Work with one hand only.

Keep the other hand free without contacting any other object. This
reduces the possibility of a ground path through the body in case of
accidental contact with hazardous voltages.

Teledyne Analytical Instruments vii

Series 4060

WARNING: THIS INSTRUMENT IS DESIGNED TO BE OPERATED

IN A NONHAZARDOUS AREA. THE ANALYZER USES
HYDROGEN GAS AND/OR OTHER COMBUSTIBLE
GASES IN ITS OPERATION. THIS EQUIPMENT, IF
NOT USED AND MAINTAINED PROPERLY CAN BE
AN EXPLOSION HAZARD. THE ANALYZER,
DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION, MAY ALSO USE
TOXIC GASES. IT IS THEREFORE, THE
CUSTOMER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT
PROPER TRAINING AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF THIS EQUIPMENT
ARE UNDERSTOOD BY THE USER. SINCE THE USE
OF THIS INSTRUMENT IS BEYOND THE CONTROL
OF TELEDYNE, NO RESPONSIBILITY BY TELEDYNE,
ITS AFFILIATES AND AGENTS FOR DAMAGE OR
INJURY RESULTING FROM MISUSE OR NEGLECT
OF THIS INSTRUMENT IS IMPLIED OR ASSUMED.
MISUSE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ANY MANNER,
TAMPERING WITH ITS COMPONENTS OR
UNAUTHORIZED SUBSTITUTION OF ANY
COMPONENT MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE
SAFETY OF THIS INSTRUMENT.

CAUTION: WHEN OPERATING THIS INSTRUMENT, THE DOORS

MUST BE CLOSED AND ALL COVERS SECURELY
FASTENED. THE GAUGES MUST BE IN PROPER
WORKING ORDER. DO NOT OVERPRESSURIZE THE
SYSTEM.

READ THIS MANUAL BEFORE OPERATING THE

INSTRUMENT AND ADHERE TO ALL WARNINGS
INCLUDED IN THIS MANUAL.

viii Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060

Table of Contents

Safety Messages .......................................................................... iii

Additional Safety Information ...................................................... v

List of Figures ............................................................................. xiii

List of Tables .............................................................................. xiv

Introduction ................................................................................. 15

1.1 Main Features of the Analyzer 15

1.2 Principle of Operation 16

1.3 Analyzer Description 16

1.4 Applications 18

Operational Theory ..................................................................... 19

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Modes of Operation 19

2.3 Analyzer Subsystems 20

2.3.1 Sample System 20

2.3.2 Gas Flow Control System 21

2.3.3 Fuel and Blanket Air Systems 22

2.3.4 Flame Ionization Detection Cell 22

2.4 Detection Cell 24

2.4.1 Electrometer-Amplifier 25

2.4.2 Anode Power Supply 26

2.4.3 Flame Guard Circuit 26

2.4.4 Flame Ignition Circuit 26

Installation ................................................................................... 27

3.1 Unpacking the Analyzer 27

3.2 Mounting the Analyzer 27

Teledyne Analytical Instruments ix

Series 4060

3.3 User Connections 28

3.3.1 Electrical Power Connections 28

3.3.2 Electronic Connections 28

3.3.2.1 Primary Input Power 29

3.3.2.2 Fuse Installation 30

3.3.2.3 50-Pin Equipment Interface Connector 30

3.3.2.4 Analog Output 30

3.3.2.5 Alarm Relays 32

3.3.2.6 Digital Remote Cal Inputs 34

3.3.2.7 Range ID Relays 35

3.3.2.8 Network I/O 35

3.3.2.9 Pin Out Table 35

3.3.2.10 RS-232 Port 36

3.3.3 Gas Connections 37

3.3.3.1 Effluent 40

3.3.3.2 Sample Bypass Vent 40

3.3.3.3 Fuel and Air Connections 40

3.3.3.4 Sample and Span Gas Connections 40

3.4 Placing the System in Operation 40

Operation ..................................................................................... 41

4.1 Equipment 41

4.2 Preliminary Power-Off Check List 42

4.3 Activating the Support Gases 42

4.3.1 Air 43

4.3.2 Carrier Gas 43

4.3.3 Span Gas 43

4.3.4 Fuel 43

4.4 Flame Ignition 43

4.4.1 Verification of the Flame Guard Circuit 44

4.4.2 Ignition and/or Flame Guard Circuit Failure 44

x Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060

4.5 Sample Pump 44

4.6 Analyzer Operation 44

4.6.1 Default Parameters 46

4.6.2 Style Conventions 46

4.6.3 Navigation and Data Entry 47

4.6.3.1 Arrow Keys 47

4.6.3.2 ENTER 47

4.6.3.3 ESCAPE 48

4.6.4 Menu Structure 48

4.6.4.1 Main Menus 49

4.6.5 Span 50

4.6.6 ALT-SPAN 51

4.6.7 The Model Screen 51

4.6.8 System Self-Diagnostic Test 51

4.6.9 The Alarms Function 52

4.6.10 The Range Function 55

4.6.11 Analog Output Adjustment 55

4.6.12 Linearization 56

4.6.13 Changing Stream 56

4.6.14 Setting up an AUTO-CAL 56

4.6.15 Timing 58

4.6.16 Group Setup 58

4.6.17 Password Protection 58

4.6.18 Logging Out 61

4.6.19 Standby 62

Maintenance & Troubleshooting ................................................ 65

5.1 Measuring Circuit Electrical Checks 66

5.1.1 Anode Voltage Check 66

5.1.2 Electronic Stability 67

5.1.3 Printed Circuit Board Replacement 67

Teledyne Analytical Instruments xi

Series 4060

5.1.4 Collector Cable 68

5.2 Temperature Control Electronic Check 68

5.3 Ignition and/or Flame Guard Circuit Checks 69

5.4 Sampling System 70

5.5 Printed Circuit Board Descriptions 71

5.5.1 Flame Guard and Anode Power Supply PCB 71

5.5.2 Proportional Temperature Controller PCB 72

5.5.3 Electrometer-Amplifier PCB 73

Appendix ...................................................................................... 75

A.1 Specifications and Initial Settings: 75
A.2 Recommended Spare Parts List 76
A.3 Drawing List 77

Appendix B .................................................................................. 79

B1 Addendum and Testing Results 79

xii Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060

List of Figures

Figure 1-1: Model 4060 Front Panel Interface ............................... 17

Figure 1-2: Model 4060 Rear Panel .............................................. 17

Figure 2-1: Internal Temperature Controllers ................................ 21

Figure 2-2: Typical Piping Diagram for the Model 4060 ................ 23

Figure 3-1: Model 4060 Rear Panel with Optional Gas Manifold ... 29

Figure 3-2: Equipment Interface Connector Pin Arrangement ....... 30



Teledyne Analytical Instruments xiii

Series 4060

List of Tables

Table 3-1: Analog Output Connections ......................................... 31

Table 3-2: Analog Concentration Output—Example ..................... 31

Table 3-3: Analog Range ID Output—Example ............................. 32

Table 3-4: Alarm Relay Contact Pins ............................................ 33

Table 3-5: Remote Calibration Connections .................................. 34

Table 3-6: Range ID Relay Connections ....................................... 35

Table 3-7: Pin out of 50 pin D-Sub Connector ............................... 36

Table 3-8: Commands via RS-232 Input ....................................... 37

Table 3-9: Required RS-232 Options ............................................ 37

xiv Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060 Introduction

Introduction

Teledyne Analytical Instruments Series 4060, Trace Aromatic
Hydrocarbon Analyzer, is a versatile instrument designed to measure the
quantity of aromatic hydrocarbons, primarily benzene, present in a
positive pressure sample gas. The analyzer is a microprocessor
controlled digital instrument based on Teledyne’s highly successful
Model 402R series analog Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer, coupled with a
gas separation column and a switching valve. The basic analyzer allows
for the measurement of benzene in the low ppb range. The Analyzer
also allows the diagnostic capability to look for other aromatics, like
toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes. Other versions of Series 4060
allowing for dual measurements are also available. Contact the factory
for further detail.

1.1 Main Features of the Analyzer

The Analyzer is sophisticated yet simple to use. A dual display on
the front panel prompts and informs the operator during all phases of
operation. The main features of the analyzer include:

 Easy-to-use front panel interface that includes a red 5-digit

LED display and a vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), driven
by microprocessor electronics.

 High resolution, accurate readings of concentration.
 Versatile analysis with three user-definable analysis ranges.
 Microprocessor based electronics: 8-bit CMOS

microprocessor with 32 kB RAM and 128 kB ROM.

 Auto ranging allows analyzer to automatically select the

proper preset range for a given measurement. Manual
override allows the user to lock onto a specific range of
interest.

 Two adjustable concentration alarms and a system failure

alarm.

Teledyne Analytical Instruments 15

Introduction Series 4060

 Extensive self-diagnostic testing at startup and on demand

with continuous power supply monitoring.

 RS-232 serial digital port for use with a computer or other

digital communication device.

 Analog outputs for concentration and range identification (0-

1 VDC standard and isolated 4-20 mA dc).

 Superior Accuracy

1.2 Principle of Operation

The analyzer uses a gas separation column to separate the
component of interest, like benzene, from the other hydrocarbons in the
sample gas. Using a carrier gas and a microprocessor actuated switching
valve, the eluted gas is analyzed in Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and
the column is back flushed to accept the fresh sample in the next cycle.
More information is provided in Section 2.1 Introduction, under
Operational Theory. The electrical output of the electrometer-amplifier
is directly proportional to the concentrations of the ionizable
hydrocarbons present over the ranges of interest.

1.3 Analyzer Description

The standard analyzer is a rack mountable instrument designed to fit
into a standard 19” instrument rack. The front interface panel is mounted
on a door which, when opened, allows convenient access to the
Analyzer electronics. The entire front panel can slide out of the chassis
to provide greater access to the electronics and to the sample system.
Gas pressure and flow controls are mounted on the front panel adjacent
to the LED and VFD displays and user interface.

At the rear of the instrument are ports for the introduction of air,
fuel, zero, span, and sample gas. A single 50-pin user-interface cable
connector contains input/output and alarm signals available to the user.
An RS-232 port is also available at the rear panel for connection to a
remote computer or other digital communication device. The Analyzer is
set up for either 120 VAC 60 Hz or 230 50/60 Hz operation depending
on the customer’s requirements. The appropriate power cord for your
unit has been shipped with this instrument.

Figure 1-1 shows the Model 4060 front interface while Figure 1-2
shows the rear panel including the user connections.

16 Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060 Introduction

Figure 1-1: Model 4060 Front Panel Interface

Figure 1-2: Model 4060 Rear Panel

Teledyne Analytical Instruments 17

Introduction Series 4060

1.4 Applications

 Monitoring the benzene concentration of carbon dioxide gas

for use in the beverage industry.

 Monitoring aromatic contamination in air liquefaction and

other gas production processes.

 Gas purity certification.
 Detecting trace benzene in ambient air.
 Detecting atmospheric pollutants.

18 Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060 Operational Theory

Operational Theory

2.1 Introduction

Series 4060 Analyzer for Benzene uses a FID detector and a Gas
Chromatograph (GC) Column. Using a carrier gas and a microprocessor
actuated switching valve, a fixed volume of sample is pushed into the
Column maintained at a constant temperature. The eluted gas is
analyzed for benzene in a FID detector and the column is back flushed
to accept the fresh sample in the next cycle. Actual separating and
detecting sequence may vary depending on compounds of interest in the
application for which the analyzer is configured.

The Series 4060 Analyzer uses a flame ionization detector to sense
benzene. The FID was selected based on the positive performance and
extensive experience in the use of this detector in other Teledyne
analyzers namely Model 402R and Model 4020. The FID has proven
itself to be a rugged, stable, long life sensor giving years of trouble free
operation in various applications. Also considering the fact that the
required sensitivity of 100 ppb full scale was achieved, FID was
considered a better choice over the limited life and less reliable Photo
Ionization Detector.

A stainless steel packed column containing Chromosorb Diatomite
was used at a constant temperature of 70 C. Using nitrogen as a carrier
gas and a 5 ml sample loop, benzene elutes from the column within a
few minutes. Additionally, a clear separation is observed from other
aromatic hydrocarbons, namely toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes. The
actual temperature setpoint and compound separation for your
instrument may be different depending on the application. It is listed in
the Addendum and Testing Results section of Appendix B.

2.2 Modes of Operation

The analyzer has 2 modes of operation depending on the position of
the GC Sampling Valve (See Piping Diagram in Figure 2-2). They are:
Sample Mode (position A) and Analysis Mode (position B).

Teledyne Analytical Instruments 19

Operational Theory Series 4060

1. Valve Position A—Sampling Mode

In this mode the analyzer configures the operational valve to
back flush the column and charge the sample loop. The Sample
Mode is programmed to continue for a 7 minute period by
factory default; however, it is usually modified to match the
needs of a particular process. The specific timing interval for
your system is listed in the Addendum and Testing Results
section of Appendix B. It is possible to set the Sample Mode
duration up to 25 minutes.

2. Valve Position B—Analysis Mode

In this mode the analyzer configures the sampling valve to feed
the gas in the sample loop through the column and to the
detector. The eluted sample from the column is fed to the FID
for the analysis of the compound of interest in the hydrocarbon
stream. If configured to do so, the analyzer may read the detector
for a programmed 5 second period at some point within this
mode cycle to obtain a baseline reading for further calculation.
This mode is usually programmed to continue until the
compound of interest is fully eluted from the column. It is
possible to set it up to 25 minutes.

During the Analysis Mode, a ‘Peak Detect’ period is programmed at
which time the analyzer reads the detector output. The analyzer
integrates the peak area during this time in conjunction with the baseline
settings to calculate the concentration of the compound of interest. The
calculation is performed at the end of the ‘Peak Detector’ period and the
result is displayed at the end of Analysis Mode.

2.3 Analyzer Subsystems

The Model Analyzer is composed of three subsystems:

1. Sample System

2. Detector Cell

3. Electronic Signal Processing, Display and Control

2.3.1 Sample System

All components used to control the sample and supporting gases, as
well as the combustion portion of the detector cell, are located inside the

20 Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060 Operational Theory

analyzer chassis. They are accessible by opening the front door of the
analyzer.

Adjustments are made using the appropriate control on the front

panel.

The analyzer contains three separate isothermal chambers
‘SAMPLE’, ‘FID’, and ‘COLUMN’ that are controlled by individual
PID temperature controllers. These controllers with integral readout
display are visible just behind the front panel as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1: Internal Temperature Controllers

The sample chamber contains the 10-port GC switching valve and 2
sample loops. The ‘FID’ chamber contains the flame, pressure
regulators, pressure gauges and flow restrictors used by the FID
detector. The ‘COLUMN’ is housed in a separate ‘COLUMN’ enclosure
and maintained at a temperature of 70° C by its PID temperature
controller. The actual temperature setpoint for your instrument may be
different depending on the application. It is listed in the Addendum and
Testing Results section of Appendix B.

2.3.2 Gas Flow Control System

The analyzer is equipped with ports for the introduction of air, fuel,
carrier gas, span, and sample gas. It is imperative that these gases are

Teledyne Analytical Instruments 21

Operational Theory Series 4060

supplied at constant pressures using two stage stainless steel diaphragm
gas regulators. The recommended pressure range is 30 to 80 psig,
however, the span gas should be supplied at a pressure of 20 psig to the
restrictor fitting either on the optional autocal module or the span inlet
on the rear panel.

The Piping Diagram for the standard instrument is shown in Figure
2-2. A 10-port 2-position GC sampling valve is used to control and
direct gas flows including sampling, back flush, and carrier gas. The
fixed volume sample loop ensures the same volume of sample injection
in the column every cycle.

If your instrument is fitted with the optional auto calibration module,
a separate compartment containing of a pair of solenoid valves is
installed for controlling the introduction of sample or span gas to the
detector. Calibration can be performed automatically on a programmed
schedule or manually using the front panel interface.

2.3.3 Fuel and Blanket Air Systems

Stable flow is achieved by maintaining a constant pressure across
restrictors upstream from the cell. Each system incorporates an adjustable
pressure regulator, pressure gauge, and restrictor. A flame out light is
included to indicate when the flame fails. A fuel shut-off solenoid valve,
mounted on the line that supplies fuel, stops the fuel flow in case of flame
failure. This valve is located in line with the fuel port.

2.3.4 Flame Ionization Detection Cell

The carrier gas containing sample and fuel are combined within a tee
fitting located in the isothermal chamber. The mixed gas is emitted from
a burner within the sensor assembly. Blanket air is introduced into the
sensor (or cell) by means of a separate fitting that is located in the base
section of the assembly. The upper half of the assembly houses the
anode-igniter, collector, and flame guard thermistor.

22 Teledyne Analytical Instruments

Series 4060 Operational Theory

Figure 2-2: Typical Piping Diagram for the Model 4060

Teledyne Analytical Instruments 23

Operational Theory Series 4060

2.4 Detection Cell

The upper section of the stainless steel flame ionization cell houses
the cylindrical collector electrode, the high voltage (+260 VDC) anode­igniter coil, and the sensing thermistor of the flame guard circuit (see
cell cross-section in Figure 2-3).

WARNING: DANGEROUS HIGH VOLTAGE EXISTS AT THE

ANODE IGNITER COIL (+260 VDC). DO NOT
ATTEMPT TO DISCONNECT THE IGNITER COIL
CABLE OR DISASSEMBLE ANY OF THE FLAME
IONIZATION CELL COMPONENTS WITHOUT
TURNING OFF THE POWER AND DISCONNECTING
THE POWER CORD.

The collector is interconnected with the electrometer-amplifier PC
board by a coaxial cable. Although the cable and fittings are intended for
coaxial service, the cable is actually being used as a shielded single­conductor connection.

The anode-igniter, as its name implies, serves two functions. When
relay K2 at PCB part number B74671 is energized, the coil becomes an
electrical heating element that glows red-hot and ignites the hydrogen
fuel. When relay K2 at B74671 is de-energized, the coil is connected to
the +260 volt DC terminal of the anode-flame guard power supply PC
board. In this configuration, the necessary potential difference is
established between the coil (anode) and collector to promote ionization
of the burned hydrocarbons. The coil functions as the high voltage anode
in all three-range positions of the selector switch.

The thermistor acts as the sensor in the flame guard circuit. Its
ambient temperature resistance is in the 100 K ohms region. When the
flame is ignited, its resistance is reduced by a factor of 100. The
thermistor is coupled to a semiconductor control circuit on the anode­flame guard power supply PC board, which will be described in a
following section.

The cell electrodes of both the anode-igniter and flame guard
thermistor are connected to the electronics chassis by means of a plug-in
cable.

The electrode section of the cell may be removed for inspection by
turning off the power, disconnecting the electrode lead plug, and
removing the screws, which retain the electrode assembly in the sensor
body.

24 Teledyne Analytical Instruments