HIGHLY TOXIC AND OR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES MAY BE PRESENT IN THIS MONITORING SYSTEM.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT MAY BE REQUIRED WHEN SERVICING THIS SYSTEM.
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES EXIST ON CERTAIN COMPONENTS INTERNALLY WHICH MAY PERSIST FOR A
TIME EVEN AFTER THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND DISCONNECTED.
ONLY AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL SHOULD CONDUCT MAINTENANCE AND/OR SERVICING. BEFORE
CONDUCTING ANY MAINTENANCE OR SERVICING CONSULT WITH AUTHORIZED SUPERVISOR/MANAGER.
All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language or computer
language in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, whether it be electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of
Teledyne Analytical Instruments, 16830 Chestnut Street, City of Industry, CA 91749-
1580.
WarrantyWarranty
Warranty
WarrantyWarranty
This equipment is sold subject to the mutual agreement that it is warranted by us
free from defects of material and of construction, and that our liability shall be limited to
replacing or repairing at our factory (without charge, except for transportation), or at
customer plant at our option, any material or construction in which defects become
apparent within one year from the date of sale, except in cases where quotations or
acknowledgements provide for a shorter period. Components manufactured by others bear
the warranty of their manufacturer. This warranty does not cover defects caused by wear,
accident, misuse, or neglect. We assume no liability for direct or indirect damages of any
kind and the purchaser by the acceptance of the equipment will assume all liability for
any damage which may result from its use or misuse.
We reserve the right to employ any suitable material in the manufacture of our
apparatus, and to make any alterations in the dimensions, shape or weight of any parts, in
so far as such alterations do not adversely affect our warranty.
Important NoticeImportant Notice
Important Notice
Important NoticeImportant Notice
This instrument is intended to be used a tool to gather valuable data. The information provided by the instrument may assist the user in eliminating potential hazards
caused by the process that the instrument is intended to monitor; however,
that all personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface with the processthat all personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface with the process
that all personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface with the process
that all personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface with the processthat all personnel involved in the use of the instrument or its interface with the process
being measured be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all instrumentationbeing measured be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all instrumentation
being measured be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all instrumentation
being measured be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all instrumentationbeing measured be properly trained in the process itself, as well as all instrumentation
related to it.related to it.
related to it.
related to it.related to it.
The safety of personnel is ultimately the responsibility of those who control process
conditions. While this instrument may be able to provide early warning of imminent
danger, it has no control over process conditions, and can be misused. In particular, any
alarm or control system installed must be tested and understood, both as they operate and
as they can be defeated. Any safeguards required such as locks, labels, or redundancy
must be provided by the user or specifically requested of Teledyne.
The purchaser must be aware of the hazardous conditions inherent in the process(es)
he uses. He is responsible for training his personnel, for providing hazard warning
methods and instrumentation per the appropriate standards, and for ensuring that hazard
warning devices and instrumentation are maintained and operated properly.
TAI, the manufacturer of this instrument, cannot accept responsibility for conditions beyond its knowledge and control.
document or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or his agents is to bedocument or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or his agents is to be
document or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or his agents is to be
document or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or his agents is to bedocument or any information disseminated by the manufacturer or his agents is to be
construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user's process conditions.construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user's process conditions.
construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user's process conditions.
construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user's process conditions.construed as a warranty of adequate safety control under the user's process conditions.
No statement expressed or implied by thisNo statement expressed or implied by this
No statement expressed or implied by this
No statement expressed or implied by thisNo statement expressed or implied by this
Calibration Data .................................................................. A.2
Spare Parts List................................................................... A.3
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 4
Drawing List ........................................................................ A.4
CAUTIONCAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTIONCAUTION
•Do not connect the instrument to a pressure source greater than
30 psig30 psig
30 psig.
30 psig30 psig
•This is a measurement instrument,
•This instrument is
MUST NOTMUST NOT
and
MUST NOT be used in hazardous areas.
MUST NOTMUST NOT
NOTNOT
NOT explosion-proof or intrinsically safe
NOTNOT
NOTNOT
NOT a safety instrument.
NOTNOT
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 5
IntrIntr
oduction 1.0oduction 1.0
Intr
oduction 1.0
IntrIntr
oduction 1.0oduction 1.0
IntrIntr
oductionoduction
Intr
oduction
IntrIntr
oductionoduction
In order to help you make maintenance purging of turbine generators
safer, Teledyne Analytical Instruments has developed the 275R Turbine
Generator Purge Gas Analyzer. During maintenance of hydrogen-cooled
turbine generators, the cooling gas (H
carbon dioxide (CO2) and then air. The 275R accurately measures H
concentrations during the replacement process by comparing the difference
in thermal conductivities between a sealed reference gas (helium) and the
atmosphere undergoing replacement.
) is systematically replaced with
2
2
Since air leaks reduce the purity of H2 used in cooling, which increases
viscosity and reduces heat conduction, the 275R has a H2-in-air range in
order to assist in monitoring H2 and impurity concentrations for optimum
efficiency during normal operations.
1.11.1
FeaturesFeatures
1.1
Features
1.11.1
FeaturesFeatures
The Model 275R analyzer has three ranges for purge and normal
generator operation, with zero and span potentiometers for each. Each
range also has its own scale on the meter face. Efficient insulation around
the cell block enables quick restarts so that the instrument can be carried
from one generator to the next without a lengthy warm-up period.
Periodic calibration is all the maintenance necessary. Installation is just
a matter of connecting sample inlet and outlet lines. The reference cell is
sealed; thus, no other gas connections are necessary. Electronic temperature control in the cell block insures optimum accuracy in measurement.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
1.1
Page 6
1.0 Intr1.0 Intr
1.0 Intr
1.0 Intr1.0 Intr
oductionoduction
oduction
oductionoduction
1.2
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 7
Operational Operational
Operational
Operational Operational
TheorTheor
Theor
TheorTheor
y 2.0y 2.0
y 2.0
y 2.0y 2.0
Operational Operational
Operational
Operational Operational
The Model 275R Turbine Generator Purge Gas Analyzer can measure
either the concentration of one component in a binary stream of gas, or the
purity of a sample stream containing a composite mixture of impurities.
2.12.1
Thermal ConductivityThermal Conductivity
2.1
Thermal Conductivity
2.12.1
Thermal ConductivityThermal Conductivity
The ability of a substance to conduct heat is called
ity
. A good heat conductor has a large thermal conductivity (as in the case
of hydrogen and helium, which have nearly identical thermal conductivities); a small thermal conductivity (as in chlorine and carbon dioxide gas)
indicates that the substance may be a better insulator than conductor.
Operation of the 275R analyzer is based on being able to detect the difference in thermal conductivity between the gas being monitored and the
known reference (which, in this case, is helium).
Thermal conductivity measurements are non-specific by nature, which
imposes certain limitations and requirements. If the analyzer is to detect a
specific component in a sample stream, the sample must be composed of
the component of interest and one other gas in order to be accurate.
TheorTheor
Theor
TheorTheor
yy
y
yy
thermal conductiv-
If, on the other hand, the user is primarily interested in the purity of a
process stream, and does not require specific identification of the impurity,
the analyzer can be used on more complex mixtures.
Because analysis by thermal conductivity is not an absolute measurement, standardizing gases of known compositions will be required to zero
and span the analyzer.
The detector cell is divided into two halves, with the reference gas
(helium) sealed into one chamber, and the other through which the sample
flows. The difference in thermal conductivity between the reference gas
and the sample is sensed by hot wire elements, which protrude into the
chambers. Each pair of elements is wired into an electrical circuit known
as a Wheatstone bridge.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
2.1
Page 8
2.0 Operational 2.0 Operational
2.0 Operational
2.0 Operational 2.0 Operational
During calibration, the bridge circuit is balanced with the reference
gas; the zero of each range is set with its zero gas and the high end of the
range is adjusted with span gas. The intervening points along the range (or
ranges) of interest will produce a DC electrical signal representative of the
analysis.
The temperature of the measuring and reference cell block is regulated
to within 0.1°C by means of an electronic proportional controller circuit.
The cell block is mounted on an aluminum heater block and insulated. A
thermistor is used in the circuit to keep the heater block at a predetermined
temperature.
A regulated current supply of approximately 100 milliamperes supplies
stable temperature-independent power to the sensor elements in the chambers. Since the elements are connected to the four arms of the Wheatstone
bridge, a gas with a thermal conductivity different from the reference
creates an imbalance in the bridge in proportion to the thermal conductivity
of the sampled gas. This signal is amplified and displayed.
TheorTheor
Theor
TheorTheor
2.22.2
2.2
2.22.2
yy
y
yy
Electronic ComponentsElectronic Components
Electronic Components
Electronic ComponentsElectronic Components
The output of the final buffer amplifier is normally 1 volt full scale,
and is powered by a standard TAI power supply unit of +15V and -15V.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 9
OperationsOperations
Operations
OperationsOperations
Operations 3.0Operations 3.0
Operations 3.0
Operations 3.0Operations 3.0
3.1 3.1
3.1
3.1 3.1
3.1.13.1.1
3.1.1
3.1.13.1.1
This switch is used to select the gas mixture range to agree with the
composition of the sample. Gas compositions for which your analyzer is
intended are hydrogen and carbon dioxide (0-100% H2 in CO2), or air and
carbon dioxide (0-100% air in CO2), or purity of hydrogen (e.g. 90-100%
H2 with 0-10% impurities).
3.1.23.1.2
3.1.2
3.1.23.1.2
The zero control potentiometers are used to adjust the zero reading for
each range when a zero gas is introduced into the analyzer. See
SpecificationsSpecifications
Specifications for the recommended zero gas.
SpecificationsSpecifications
3.1.33.1.3
3.1.3
3.1.33.1.3
The span control potentiometers are used to adjust the meter to read
the known concentration of a span gas present in the measuring chamber.
Appendix: SpecificationsAppendix: Specifications
See
Appendix: Specifications for the recommended span gas.
Appendix: SpecificationsAppendix: Specifications
3.1.43.1.4
3.1.4
3.1.43.1.4
Front PanelFront Panel
Front Panel
Front PanelFront Panel
Function SwitchFunction Switch
Function Switch
Function SwitchFunction Switch
Zero ControlZero Control
Zero Control
Zero ControlZero Control
Span ControlSpan Control
Span Control
Span ControlSpan Control
Cell TemperatureCell Temperature
Cell Temperature
Cell TemperatureCell Temperature
Appendix:Appendix:
Appendix:
Appendix:Appendix:
Generally the cell temperature is stable within 30 minutes of switch-
**
*
**
ing on the analyzer. The indicator lamp on the front panel shows when the
heater is on, and when it is flashing the cell is up to its operating temperature.
3.1.53.1.5
3.1.5
3.1.53.1.5
The flowmeter is used to control and adjust the sample (or span or
zero) gas flow through the measuring chamber.
FlowmeterFlowmeter
Flowmeter
FlowmeterFlowmeter
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
3.1
Page 10
3.0 Operations3.0 Operations
3.0 Operations
3.0 Operations3.0 Operations
3.1.63.1.6
3.1.6
3.1.63.1.6
Analog MeterAnalog Meter
Analog Meter
Analog MeterAnalog Meter
The meter has three scales:
•0-100% H2 in CO2 (green).
•0-100% air in CO2 background (black).
•90-100% H2 in air (red).
The output of the circuitry for the 0-100% H
in CO2 scale is nonlin-
2
ear with the most sensitive area being at the low end. The other two scales
are almost linear. A special meter dial is provided with markings located to
accommodate these non-linearities so that extrapolation is not required.
3.1.73.1.7
3.1.7
3.1.73.1.7
Analog OutputAnalog Output
Analog Output
Analog OutputAnalog Output
A 0-1 VDC output is provided. This output is non-linear and must be
interpreted using the curves in the Appendix. The load on this signal must
be less than 10,000 Ω to ensure that it will not cause error in the output
signal.
3.23.2
Start-UpStart-Up
3.2
Start-Up
3.23.2
Start-UpStart-Up
3.2.13.2.1
3.2.1
3.2.13.2.1
PreliminaryPreliminary
Preliminary
PreliminaryPreliminary
1. Check that the inlet and outlet lines have been connected to the
proper ports in the rear of the analyzer, and that all the lines are
leak-free.
2. Plug the power cord in.
3. Turn the analyzer power switch ON. The switch is located on
the lower left-hand corner of the front panel.
4. Allow the analyzer to warm up until the lamp starts flashing.
Allow 15 more minutes of warm-up.
3.2.23.2.2
3.2.2
3.2.23.2.2
FlowrateFlowrate
Flowrate
FlowrateFlowrate
The gas flowrate should be approximately
sure.
3.2.33.2.3
3.2.3
3.2.33.2.3
1. With 100% CO
CalibrationCalibration
Calibration
CalibrationCalibration
flowing through the cell, adjust the zero
2
control potentiometer so that the meter reads zero for Range 1
and Range 2 of the analyzer.
0.1 SCFH0.1 SCFH
0.1 SCFH, at
0.1 SCFH0.1 SCFH
10 psi10 psi
10 psi pres-
10 psi10 psi
3.2
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 11
Operations 3.0Operations 3.0
Operations 3.0
Operations 3.0Operations 3.0
2. With a mixture of 90% H2 and 10% N2 flowing through the
analyzer, adjust the zero control potentiometer to read zero on
the meter for Range 3.
3. With 100% H2 flowing through the cell, adjust the span controls
to read full scale output in Ranges 1 and 3.
4. With air flowing through the cell, adjust the span control to read
full scale output in Range 2.
After calibration has been successfully concluded, connect the sample
gas to the analyzer, and adjust the flow to approximately
0.1 SCFH0.1 SCFH
0.1 SCFH.
0.1 SCFH0.1 SCFH
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
3.3
Page 12
3.0 Operations3.0 Operations
3.0 Operations
3.0 Operations3.0 Operations
3.4
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 13
InstallationInstallation
Installation
InstallationInstallation
4.1 Location4.1 Location
4.1 Location
4.1 Location4.1 Location
Installation 4.0Installation 4.0
Installation 4.0
Installation 4.0Installation 4.0
WARNING:WARNING:
WARNING:
WARNING:WARNING:
This instrument is not explosion-proof or intrinsically safe,This instrument is not explosion-proof or intrinsically safe,
This instrument is not explosion-proof or intrinsically safe,
This instrument is not explosion-proof or intrinsically safe,This instrument is not explosion-proof or intrinsically safe,
and MUST NOT be used in hazardous areas.and MUST NOT be used in hazardous areas.
and MUST NOT be used in hazardous areas.
and MUST NOT be used in hazardous areas.and MUST NOT be used in hazardous areas.
The instrument should be installed where it will not be subjected to:
•direct sunlight.
•drafts.
•shock and vibration.
•temperatures below 30 °F or above 110 °F.
The analyzer should be placed as close as possible, subject to the
above conditions, to the sample point, to minimize the effects of sample
line lag time on the analysis.
An outline diagram showing the location and identification of the gas
and electrical connections, as well as the physical dimensions of the analyzer case, is included in the drawings at the rear of the manual.
A source of single phase, 50 or 60 Hz, 110 to 120 volt power, capable
of delivering 1 ampere of current continuously, is required to operate the
analyzer. 220 volt is available upon special order.
The primary power connection is made by connecting the line cable to
the receptacle at the back of the instrument.
Use 2-conductor shielded cable (nominally #22 ga. wire size) to
interconnect the analyzer output signal with any recording equipment. The
shield should be terminated on the appropriate terminal (see interconnection diagram) at the analyzer, and be left disconnected at the recorder.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
4.1
Page 14
4.0 Installation4.0 Installation
4.0 Installation
4.0 Installation4.0 Installation
4.3 Gas Connections4.3 Gas Connections
4.3 Gas Connections
4.3 Gas Connections4.3 Gas Connections
The gas inlet and outlet connections are 1/8" tube fittings located on
the upper left-hand corner of the rear panel.
NOTE:NOTE:
NOTE:
NOTE:NOTE:
Reducing-type pressure regulators will have to be installed at allReducing-type pressure regulators will have to be installed at all
Reducing-type pressure regulators will have to be installed at all
Reducing-type pressure regulators will have to be installed at allReducing-type pressure regulators will have to be installed at all
gas supply sources.gas supply sources.
gas supply sources.
gas supply sources.gas supply sources.
4.3.1 Gases4.3.1 Gases
4.3.1 Gases
4.3.1 Gases4.3.1 Gases
Air, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a mixture of 10% nitrogen in
*
hydrogen are needed to calibrate the unit.
WARNING:WARNING:
WARNING:
WARNING:WARNING:
Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas. Care should be takenHydrogen is a highly flammable gas. Care should be taken
Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas. Care should be taken
Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas. Care should be takenHydrogen is a highly flammable gas. Care should be taken
not to store it near flames or flammmable materials.not to store it near flames or flammmable materials.
not to store it near flames or flammmable materials.
not to store it near flames or flammmable materials.not to store it near flames or flammmable materials.
The output from the analyzer should be purged to a remoteThe output from the analyzer should be purged to a remote
The output from the analyzer should be purged to a remote
The output from the analyzer should be purged to a remoteThe output from the analyzer should be purged to a remote
space, away from ignition and ignitable sources.space, away from ignition and ignitable sources.
space, away from ignition and ignitable sources.
space, away from ignition and ignitable sources.space, away from ignition and ignitable sources.
4.3.2 Vent Lines4.3.2 Vent Lines
4.3.2 Vent Lines
4.3.2 Vent Lines4.3.2 Vent Lines
The selected gas introduced into the sample path of the cell is vented
through the gas outlet fitting.
If it is desirable to carry the outlet gas to an area remote from the
analyzer to vent it, the following precautions must be observed in vent line
installation:
a) The vent line should be constructed of tubing of sufficient
diameter so that no appreciable back pressure resulting from
restricted flow is experienced by the analyzer.
4.2
b) The sample line must be vented into an area where the ambient
pressure is the same as that of the analyzer.
c) The ambient pressure in the vent area must undergo no more
than normal barometric pressure changes.
d) The vent line must be installed so that water cannot accumulate
in it.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 15
Installation 4.0Installation 4.0
Installation 4.0
Installation 4.0Installation 4.0
4.4 Pressure Regulation4.4 Pressure Regulation
4.4 Pressure Regulation
4.4 Pressure Regulation4.4 Pressure Regulation
The following precautions must be observed for the incoming gas
lines:
a) The incoming gas line should be equipped with a pressure
regulator.
b) The sample line pressure regulator should be installed as close
to the sample point as possible, to minimize sample line lag
time.
c) Sample pressure should be set somewhere between
psigpsig
psig; 10 psig is nominal.
psigpsig
5 and 305 and 30
5 and 30
5 and 305 and 30
d) To minimize flowrate adjustments, the pressure regulators on
the supporting gas supply cylinders should be adjusted to
provide the same output pressure as the sample line regulator.
NOTE:NOTE:
NOTE:
NOTE:NOTE:
When installing pressure regulators on supply cylinders, open theWhen installing pressure regulators on supply cylinders, open the
When installing pressure regulators on supply cylinders, open the
When installing pressure regulators on supply cylinders, open theWhen installing pressure regulators on supply cylinders, open the
cylinder valves slightly so that gas is flowing during installation.cylinder valves slightly so that gas is flowing during installation.
cylinder valves slightly so that gas is flowing during installation.
cylinder valves slightly so that gas is flowing during installation.cylinder valves slightly so that gas is flowing during installation.
Using this procedure will eliminate the diffusion of air trapped during
assembly back into the cylinder, the most common cause of standardization
gas contamination.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
4.3
Page 16
4.0 Installation4.0 Installation
4.0 Installation
4.0 Installation4.0 Installation
4.4
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 17
Maintenance & Maintenance &
Maintenance &
Maintenance & Maintenance &
TT
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leshooting 5.0leshooting 5.0
leshooting 5.0
leshooting 5.0leshooting 5.0
nance is required, other than checking the gas flow rate periodically.
SymptomSymptom
Symptom
SymptomSymptom
1. No output.
2. Output drifting very slowly.
Maintenance & Maintenance &
Maintenance &
Maintenance & Maintenance &
Since no moving parts are used in the analyzer, no routine mainte-
CauseCause
Cause
CauseCause
a) Bad fuse.
b) The power supply of +15V
and -15V may be defective.
c) The bridge power supply
(100 mA) may be defective.
a) Blocked vent may be
causing back-pressure in
the measurement cell,
resulting in high cell pressure, erratic readings, and a
constricted flow.
TT
T
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What What
What
What What
a) Check and replace fuse.
b) If faulty, change the power
supply board.
c) Measure it, and if faulty,
change the voltage regulator/amplifier board.
a) Clean the vent.
TT
o Doo Do
T
o Do
TT
o Doo Do
3. Output goes high slowly when
the instrument is first turned on.
a) The temperature controller
may not be working.
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
a) Check that the bulb above
the power switch is flashing,
and if the bulb is not flashing, change the temperature
controller board.
b) If the temperature controller
is working, perform the
same checks as in #2
above.
5.1
Page 18
5.0 Maintenance & 5.0 Maintenance &
5.0 Maintenance &
5.0 Maintenance & 5.0 Maintenance &
T
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5.2
TELEDYNE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Page 19
AppendixAppendix
Appendix
AppendixAppendix
SpecificationsSpecifications
Specifications
SpecificationsSpecifications
Ranges:Ranges:
Ranges:0–100% H
Ranges:Ranges:
0–100% air in CO
90–100% H2 in air
Sealed reference gas:Sealed reference gas:
Sealed reference gas:Helium
Sealed reference gas:Sealed reference gas:
Zero drift:Zero drift:
Zero drift:<1% per day
Zero drift:Zero drift:
in CO
2
AppendixAppendix
Appendix
AppendixAppendix
2
2
Accuracy:Accuracy:
Accuracy:±5% of full scale or better, depending on
Accuracy:Accuracy:
the range selected.
Response time:Response time:
Response time:90% in 50 seconds.
Response time:Response time:
Sample flowrate:Sample flowrate:
Sample flowrate:0 to 0.5 SCFH.
Sample flowrate:Sample flowrate:
Area classification:Area classification:
Area classification:General purpose (non-hazardous) areas.
Area classification:Area classification:
Signal output:Signal output:
Signal output:0 to 1 VDC.
Signal output:Signal output:
mVDC output also available.
Meter readout:Meter readout:
Meter readout:Integral analog meter.
Meter readout:Meter readout:
Operating temperature:Operating temperature:
Operating temperature:+32 to +125 °F (0 to +52 °C).