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Wave Expert™
Wave Expert 100H
Equivalent Time Sampling
Oscilloscope System
Operator’s Manual
July 2007
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LeCroy Corporation
700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977–6499
Tel: (845) 578 6020, Fax: (845) 578 5985
Internet: www.lecroy.com
© 2007 by LeCroy Corporation. All rights reserved.
LeCroy, ActiveDSO, WaveLink, JitterTrack, WavePro, WaveMaster, WaveSurfer, WaveExpert, WaveJet, and
Waverunner are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Other product or brand names are trademarks or
requested trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
This electronic product is subject to
disposal and recycling regulations
that vary by country and region.
Manufactured under an ISO 9000
Registered Quality Management System
Visit www.lecroy.com to view the
certificate.
Many countries prohibit the
disposal of waste electronic
equipment in standard waste
receptacles.
For more information about proper
disposal and recycling of your
LeCroy product, please visit
www.lecroy.com/recycle.
WE100H-OM-E Rev A
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INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................15
How to Use On-line Help ............................................................................................. 16
Type Styles ............................................................................................................................. 16
Instrument Help....................................................................................................................... 16
Windows Help.............................................................................................................. 17
Returning a Product for Service or Repair................................................................... 17
Technical Support........................................................................................................ 17
Staying Up-to-Date ...................................................................................................... 18
Windows License Agreement ...................................................................................... 18
END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR LECROY® X-STREAM SOFTWARE...... 18
Virus Protection ........................................................................................................... 24
Warranty ...................................................................................................................... 24
SPECIFICATIONS ..............................................................................................26
Sampling Heads .......................................................................................................... 26
Vertical System..................................................................................................... 26
Horizontal System........................................................................................................ 27
Acquisition System ...................................................................................................... 27
Acquisition Processing............................................................................................................27
Triggering System........................................................................................................ 27
Color Waveform Display.............................................................................................. 27
Analog Persistence Display .................................................................................................... 28
Zoom Expansion Traces ......................................................................................................... 28
Rapid Signal Processing.............................................................................................. 28
Internal Waveform Memory ......................................................................................... 28
Setup Storage.............................................................................................................. 28
Interface.......................................................................................................................28
Eye Doctor option ........................................................................................................ 29
Math Tools (standard).................................................................................................. 29
Measure Tools (standard)............................................................................................ 30
Pass/Fail Testing ......................................................................................................... 30
General........................................................................................................................ 30
Warranty and Service .................................................................................................. 31
Environmental Characteristics..................................................................................... 31
Temperature ...........................................................................................................................31
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Humidity ..................................................................................................................................31
Altitude ....................................................................................................................................31
Random Vibration ................................................................................................................... 31
Shock ......................................................................................................................................31
Certifications................................................................................................................ 32
SAFETY .......................................................................................................34
Safety Symbols ........................................................................................................... 34
Operating Environment ............................................................................................... 35
Cooling ........................................................................................................................ 36
AC Power Source........................................................................................................ 37
Power and Ground Connections ................................................................................. 37
Standby (Power) Switch and Scope Operational States ............................................. 38
Fuse Replacement ...................................................................................................... 38
Calibration ................................................................................................................... 39
Cleaning ...................................................................................................................... 39
Abnormal Conditions ................................................................................................... 39
BASIC CONTROLS............................................................................................40
Alternate Access Methods........................................................................................... 40
Mouse and Keyboard Operation............................................................................................. 40
Tool Bar Buttons ..................................................................................................................... 40
Trace Descriptors ........................................................................................................ 41
Trace Annotation ......................................................................................................... 41
To Annotate a Waveform........................................................................................................ 42
To Turn On a Channel Trace Label............................................................................. 43
Front Panel Controls ................................................................................................... 43
Front Panel Buttons and Knobs.............................................................................................. 43
Trigger Knobs: ........................................................................................................................45
Trigger Buttons: ......................................................................................................................45
Horizontal Knobs:.................................................................................................................... 46
Horizontal Buttons:.................................................................................................................. 46
Vertical Knobs:........................................................................................................................ 46
Channel Buttons: ....................................................................................................................46
Wavepilot Control Knobs: ......................................................................................................46
Wavepilot Control Buttons: ....................................................................................................47
Measure ..................................................................................................................................47
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Analysis................................................................................................................................... 47
Quick Set Buttons: ................................................................................................................. 47
Scope...................................................................................................................................... 47
TDR......................................................................................................................................... 47
Eye.......................................................................................................................................... 47
Special Features Buttons:......................................................................................................47
General Control Buttons: .......................................................................................................48
STANDBY Lamp: .................................................................................................................... 48
On-screen Toolbars, Icons, and Dialog Boxes ............................................................ 48
Menu Bar Buttons ................................................................................................................... 48
Dialog Boxes................................................................................................................ 50
Screen Layout.............................................................................................................. 51
Menu Bar ................................................................................................................................ 51
Signal Display Grid .................................................................................................................51
Dialog Area ............................................................................................................................. 51
INSTALLATION..................................................................................................52
Hardware ..................................................................................................................... 52
Instrument Rear Panel............................................................................................................ 52
Software....................................................................................................................... 53
Checking the Scope Status .................................................................................................... 53
Default Settings ........................................................................................................... 53
Adding a New Option................................................................................................... 53
Restoring Software ...................................................................................................... 54
Restarting the Application....................................................................................................... 54
Restarting the Operating System............................................................................................ 55
Removable Hard Drive ................................................................................................ 55
CONNECTING TO A SIGNAL ............................................................................57
Electrical Modules........................................................................................................ 57
Connector Torque ................................................................................................................... 58
Optical Modules........................................................................................................... 58
Module Extender.......................................................................................................... 59
SAMPLING MODES ...........................................................................................61
Sequential Sampling Mode.......................................................................................... 62
Coherent Interleaved Sampling Mode ......................................................................... 63
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VERTICAL SETTINGS AND CHANNEL CONTROLS.......................................64
Adjusting Sensitivity and Position................................................................................ 64
To Adjust Sensitivity................................................................................................................ 64
To Adjust the Waveform's Position ......................................................................................... 64
Probe Attenuation........................................................................................................ 65
To Set Probe Attenuation........................................................................................................65
Linear and (SinX)/X Interpolation ................................................................................ 65
To Set Up Interpolation ........................................................................................................... 65
Inverting Waveforms ............................................................................................................... 65
QuickZoom .................................................................................................................. 66
To Turn On a Zoom ................................................................................................................66
Finding Scale............................................................................................................... 66
To Use Find Scale ..................................................................................................................66
Variable Gain............................................................................................................... 66
To Enable Variable Gain.........................................................................................................66
Channel Deskew ......................................................................................................... 66
To Set Up Channel Deskew.................................................................................................... 66
Dark Calibration........................................................................................................... 66
TIMEBASE AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM.........................................................68
Autosetup .................................................................................................................... 68
Timebase Setup and Control....................................................................................... 68
Operation Modes......................................................................................................... 68
Operation Modes ....................................................................................................................68
Scope Mode............................................................................................................................ 68
Eye Mode................................................................................................................................ 69
TDR Mode ................................................................................................................... 70
Required Equipment ...............................................................................................................71
TDR Measurement Procedure................................................................................................ 72
Calibrating Modules ................................................................................................................ 72
Reference Plane Calibration ....................................................................................... 79
S-parameters .......................................................................................................................... 84
Making S-parameter Measurements ......................................................................................85
Saving s-parameters to a file ..................................................................................................86
Saving S-parameter data........................................................................................................ 86
Saving the calibration data...................................................................................................... 87
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to recall calibration .................................................................................................................. 87
TRIGGERING .....................................................................................................89
Trigger Setup............................................................................................................... 89
Trigger Setup Considerations ................................................................................................. 89
Determining Trigger Level, Slope, Source, and Coupling............................................ 91
Control Edge Triggering.......................................................................................................... 91
DISPLAY FORMATS..........................................................................................92
Display Setup............................................................................................................... 92
Persistence Setup........................................................................................................ 93
Saturation Level ...................................................................................................................... 94
3-Dimensional Persistence ..................................................................................................... 94
Show Last Trace.......................................................................................................... 96
Persistence Time......................................................................................................... 96
Locking of Traces ........................................................................................................ 96
To Set Up Persistence................................................................................................. 96
Screen Saver............................................................................................................... 97
Moving Traces from Grid to Grid ................................................................................. 98
Zooming Waveforms.................................................................................................... 98
To Zoom a Single Channel ..................................................................................................... 99
To Zoom by Touch-and-Drag ............................................................................................... 100
To Zoom Multiple Waveforms Quickly .................................................................................. 100
Multi-Zoom ............................................................................................................................ 100
XY Display ................................................................................................................. 102
To Set Up XY Displays .........................................................................................................102
Summary Displays..................................................................................................... 102
SAVE AND RECALL ........................................................................................103
Saving and Recalling Scope Settings........................................................................ 103
To Save Scope Settings .......................................................................................................103
To Recall Scope Settings...................................................................................................... 103
To Recall Default Settings ....................................................................................................103
Saving Screen Images............................................................................................... 104
Saving and Recalling Waveforms.............................................................................. 104
Saving Waveforms................................................................................................................104
Recalling Waveforms............................................................................................................ 106
Disk Utilities ............................................................................................................... 106
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To Delete a Single File.......................................................................................................... 106
To Delete All Files in a Folder............................................................................................... 106
To Create a Folder................................................................................................................107
PRINTING AND FILE MANAGEMENT ............................................................ 108
Print, Plot, or Copy .................................................................................................... 108
Printing ...................................................................................................................... 108
To Set Up the Printer ............................................................................................................108
To Print.................................................................................................................................. 108
Adding Printers and Drivers.................................................................................................. 108
Changing the Default Printer................................................................................................. 108
Managing Files .......................................................................................................... 109
Hard Disk Partitions ..............................................................................................................109
100BASE-T ETHERNET CONNECTION .........................................................110
Connecting to a Network ........................................................................................... 110
Communicating over the Network ............................................................................. 110
Windows Setups ................................................................................................................... 110
System Restore ....................................................................................................................111
TRACK VIEWS.................................................................................................112
Creating and Viewing a Trend................................................................................... 112
Creating a Track View ............................................................................................... 112
HISTOGRAMS..................................................................................................114
Creating and Viewing a Histogram............................................................................ 114
To Set Up a Single Parameter Histogram ............................................................................114
To View Thumbnail Histograms............................................................................................ 115
Persistence Histogram.......................................................................................................... 115
Persistence Trace Range .....................................................................................................116
Persistence Sigma ................................................................................................................ 116
Histogram Parameters............................................................................................... 117
Histogram Theory of Operation ................................................................................. 131
DSO Process ........................................................................................................................ 132
Parameter Buffer................................................................................................................... 133
Capture of Parameter Events ...............................................................................................133
Histogram Parameters............................................................................................... 134
Histogram Peaks ....................................................................................................... 135
Binning and Measurement Accuracy......................................................................... 135
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WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS......................................................................137
Measuring with Cursors............................................................................................. 137
Cursor Measurement Icons .................................................................................................. 137
Cursors Setup............................................................................................................ 137
Quick Display ........................................................................................................................ 137
Full Setup.............................................................................................................................. 138
Overview of Parameters ............................................................................................ 138
To Turn On Parameters........................................................................................................ 138
Quick Access to Parameter Setup Dialogs........................................................................... 138
Status Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 139
Using X-Stream Browser to Obtain Status Information ........................................................ 139
Statistics .................................................................................................................... 141
To Apply a Measure Mode......................................................................................... 142
Measure Modes......................................................................................................... 142
Standard Vertical Parameters............................................................................................... 142
Standard Horizontal Parameters .......................................................................................... 142
My Measure .......................................................................................................................... 143
Parameter Math (WE-XMAP option required) ........................................................... 143
Logarithmic Parameters........................................................................................................ 143
Excluded Parameters............................................................................................................ 143
Parameter Script Parameter Math ........................................................................................ 143
Param Script vs. P Script...................................................................................................... 144
To Set Up Parameter Math................................................................................................... 145
To Set Up Parameter Script Math......................................................................................... 145
Measure Gate............................................................................................................ 146
To Set Up Measure Gate...................................................................................................... 147
Help Markers ............................................................................................................. 147
To Set Up Help Markers .......................................................................................................148
To Turn Off Help Markers ..................................................................................................... 149
To Customize a Parameter........................................................................................ 149
From the Measure Dialog .....................................................................................................149
From a Vertical Setup Dialog................................................................................................ 150
From a Math Setup Dialog.................................................................................................... 150
Parameter Calculations ............................................................................................. 151
Parameters and How They Work.......................................................................................... 151
Determining Time Parameters.............................................................................................. 152
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Determining Differential Time Measurements ......................................................................153
Level and Slope .................................................................................................................... 154
Eye Parameters......................................................................................................... 154
List of Parameters ..................................................................................................... 156
Qualified Parameters................................................................................................. 179
Range Limited Parameters ...................................................................................................179
Waveform Gated Parameters.................................................................................... 180
To Set Up Waveform Qualifiers ............................................................................................180
WAVEFORM MATH ......................................................................................... 182
Introduction to Math Traces and Functions ............................................................... 182
Math Made Easy ....................................................................................................... 182
To Set Up a Math Function ................................................................................................... 182
Resampling To Deskew ............................................................................................ 183
To Resample......................................................................................................................... 183
Rescaling and Assigning Units.................................................................................. 184
To Set Up Rescaling ................................................................................................. 186
Averaging Waveforms ............................................................................................... 187
Summed vs. Continuous Averaging .....................................................................................187
To Set Up Continuous Averaging ......................................................................................... 188
To Set Up Summed Averaging .............................................................................................188
Enhanced Resolution ................................................................................................ 189
How the Instrument Enhances Resolution............................................................................ 189
To Set Up Enhanced Resolution (ERES).................................................................. 191
Waveform Copy......................................................................................................... 192
Waveform Sparser .................................................................................................... 192
To Set Up Waveform Sparser...............................................................................................192
Interpolation............................................................................................................... 192
To Set Up Interpolation ......................................................................................................... 192
Fast Wave Port.......................................................................................................... 193
Fast Wave Port Setup -- Initial.............................................................................................. 193
Setup -- Case 1.....................................................................................................................195
Setup -- Case 2.....................................................................................................................195
Setup -- Case 3.....................................................................................................................195
Operational Notes ................................................................................................................. 195
Data Length Limitations ........................................................................................................196
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Performance .........................................................................................................................196
Choice of Programming Language ....................................................................................... 196
Example Application .............................................................................................................196
Header Description ...............................................................................................................200
Data Length Limitations ........................................................................................................201
Performance .........................................................................................................................201
Choice of Programming Language ....................................................................................... 201
FFT ............................................................................................................................ 202
Why Use FFT?...................................................................................................................... 202
Improving Dynamic Range ................................................................................................... 205
Record Length ......................................................................................................................205
FFT Algorithms .....................................................................................................................205
Glossary................................................................................................................................ 207
FFT Setup ............................................................................................................................. 210
ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................212
Pass/Fail Testing ....................................................................................................... 212
Comparing Parameters......................................................................................................... 212
Mask Tests............................................................................................................................ 213
Actions ..................................................................................................................................213
Setting Up Pass/Fail Testing ..................................................................................... 213
Initial Setup ........................................................................................................................... 213
Comparing a Single Parameter ............................................................................................ 214
Comparing Dual Parameters ................................................................................................215
Mask Testing......................................................................................................................... 216
WAVEEXPERT SDA.........................................................................................218
Introduction to WaveExpert SDA ............................................................................... 218
WaveExpert SDA Theory........................................................................................... 218
Initial Setup for Jitter Measurement........................................................................... 219
Effect of PLL Loop Bandwidth on Measured Jitter..................................................... 221
Measuring Jitter ......................................................................................................... 222
Serial Data Controls................................................................................................... 223
Mask and Jitter Controls ....................................................................................................... 223
Check Scope Setup .............................................................................................................. 223
Signal ....................................................................................................................................224
Crossing Level ...................................................................................................................... 224
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Signal Characteristics ...........................................................................................................225
Jitter Setup Dialog ..................................................................................................... 225
Measure Time .......................................................................................................................226
Repeating Pattern ................................................................................................................. 226
Show +/-DCD ........................................................................................................................ 226
Log(BER) .............................................................................................................................. 227
Histogram.............................................................................................................................. 227
Edge Fit................................................................................................................................. 227
N-Cycle .................................................................................................................................227
Eye Style............................................................................................................................... 227
Jitter Setup Dialog -- View Selector........................................................................... 228
Rj+BUj Histogram (RjHist) ....................................................................................................228
DDj Histogram (DDjHist) ....................................................................................................... 229
Sync. N Cycles (SnCycle).....................................................................................................229
Bathtub Curve (BathTub)...................................................................................................... 230
Eye Diagram (JitEye) ............................................................................................................ 230
Edge Fit (EdgeFit).................................................................................................................231
UTILITIES.........................................................................................................232
Status ........................................................................................................................ 232
To Access Status Dialog.......................................................................................................232
Remote communication............................................................................................. 232
To Set Up Remote Communication. ..................................................................................... 232
To Configure the Remote Control Assistant Event Log........................................................ 232
Hardcopy ................................................................................................................... 233
Printing.................................................................................................................................. 233
Clipboard............................................................................................................................... 233
File ........................................................................................................................................233
E-Mail.................................................................................................................................... 234
Date & Time .............................................................................................................. 235
To Set Time and Date Manually ...........................................................................................235
To Set Time and Date from the Internet ............................................................................... 235
To Set Time and Date from Windows................................................................................... 236
Options ...................................................................................................................... 236
Preferences ............................................................................................................... 236
Audible Feedback ................................................................................................................. 236
Auto-calibration ..................................................................................................................... 237
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UI Language Selection.......................................................................................................... 237
Performance Optimization ....................................................................................................237
Offset Control........................................................................................................................ 237
Delay Control ........................................................................................................................ 237
E-mail.................................................................................................................................... 238
Acquisition Status .................................................................................................................238
Service ..................................................................................................................................239
Show Windows Desktop ....................................................................................................... 239
Touch Screen Calibration .....................................................................................................239
CUSTOMIZATION ............................................................................................240
Customizing Your Instrument .................................................................................... 240
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 240
Solutions ............................................................................................................................... 241
Examples .............................................................................................................................. 241
What is Excel? ...................................................................................................................... 246
What is Mathcad? ................................................................................................................. 246
What is MATLAB?................................................................................................................. 246
What is VBS?........................................................................................................................ 246
What can you do with a customized instrument? .................................................................248
Number of Samples .............................................................................................................. 249
Calling Excel From Your Instrument .......................................................................... 249
Calling Excel Directly from the Instrument............................................................................ 249
How to Select a Math Function Call...................................................................................... 249
How to Select a Parameter Function Call............................................................................. 249
The Excel Control Dialog ......................................................................................................249
Entering a File Name ............................................................................................................250
Organizing Excel Sheets.......................................................................................................250
Scale Setting the Vertical Scale........................................................................................... 252
Trace Descriptors.................................................................................................................. 252
Multiple Inputs and Outputs .................................................................................................. 252
Simple Excel Example 1 ....................................................................................................... 253
Simple Excel Example 2 ....................................................................................................... 255
Exponential Decay Time Constant Excel Parameter (Excel Example 1) ............................. 260
Gated Parameter Using Excel (Excel Example 2) ..................................................... 262
How Does this Work? ...........................................................................................................263
Correlation Excel Waveform Function (Excel Example 3) ......................................... 264
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Multiple Traces on One Grid (Excel Example 4)................................................................... 265
Using a Surface Plot (Excel Example 5)............................................................................... 268
WRITING VB SCRIPTS ............................................................................................ 268
Types of Scripts in VBS ........................................................................................................268
Loading and Saving VBScripts ............................................................................................. 269
The default parameter function script: explanatory notes..................................................... 272
Scripting with VBScript.......................................................................................................... 273
Variable Types ...................................................................................................................... 274
Variable Names ....................................................................................................................274
Arithmetic Operators ............................................................................................................. 275
VBS Controls............................................................................................................. 277
IF . . . Then . . . Else . . . End If .............................................................................................278
Summary of If . . . . Then . . . . Else ......................................................................................279
Select Case........................................................................................................................... 280
Summary of Select Case . . . . End Select............................................................................ 281
Do . . . Loop ..........................................................................................................................281
While . . . Wend..................................................................................................................... 282
For . . . Next .......................................................................................................................... 282
VBS keywords and functions ................................................................................................283
Other VBS Words .................................................................................................................285
Functions............................................................................................................................... 285
Hints and Tips for VBScripting.............................................................................................. 287
ERRORS............................................................................................................................... 288
Error Handling.......................................................................................................................290
Speed of Execution...............................................................................................................290
Scripting Ideas ...................................................................................................................... 291
Debugging Scripts................................................................................................................. 291
Horizontal Control Variables .................................................................................................292
Vertical Control Variables .....................................................................................................292
List of Variables Available to Scripts..................................................................................... 294
Communicating with Excel from a VBScript .........................................................................295
Calling MATLAB from The Instrument .................................................................................. 296
How to Select a Waveform Function Call ............................................................................. 297
The MATLAB Waveform Control Panel ................................................................................ 298
MATLAB Waveform Function Editor -- Example ..................................................................298
MATLAB Example Waveform Plot........................................................................................ 301
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How to Select a MATLAB Parameter Call ............................................................................ 302
The MATLAB Parameter Control Panel................................................................................ 303
The MATLAB Parameter Editor ............................................................................................ 303
MATLAB Example Parameter Panel ....................................................................................304
Further Examples of MATLAB Waveform Functions............................................................ 305
Creating Your Own MATLAB Function ................................................................................. 308
CUSTOMDSO...................................................................................................309
Custom DSO.............................................................................................................. 309
Introduction - What is CustomDSO?..................................................................................... 309
Invoking CustomDSO ...........................................................................................................309
CustomDSO Basic Mode...................................................................................................... 310
Editing a CustomDSO Setup File .........................................................................................310
Creating a CustomDSO Setup File....................................................................................... 312
CustomDSO PlugIn Mode .................................................................................................... 312
Creating a CustomDSO PlugIn............................................................................................. 312
Properties of the Control and its Objects.............................................................................. 314
Removing a PlugIn................................................................................................................ 318
First Example PlugIn - Exchanging Two Traces on the Grids .............................................. 319
Second Example PlugIn - Log-Log FFT Plot ........................................................................ 321
Control Variables in CustomDSO ......................................................................................... 324
PROCESSING WEB OPTION ..........................................................................325
To Use the Web Editor .............................................................................................. 325
Adding Parameters ...............................................................................................................327
Adding Previews ................................................................................................................... 327
Exiting the Web Editor .......................................................................................................... 328
Viewing the Output................................................................................................................ 328
LABNOTEBOOK ..............................................................................................329
Introduction to LabNotebook...................................................................................... 329
Preferences ............................................................................................................... 329
Miscellaneous Settings ......................................................................................................... 329
Hardcopy Setup .................................................................................................................... 330
E-mail Setup .........................................................................................................................330
Creating a Notebook Entry ........................................................................................ 330
Recalling Notebook Entries ....................................................................................... 334
Creating a Report ...................................................................................................... 335
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Previewing a Report.............................................................................................................. 335
Locating a Notebook Entry.................................................................................................... 335
Creating the Report............................................................................................................... 336
Formatting the Report ........................................................................................................... 336
Managing Notebook Entry Data ................................................................................ 337
Adding Annotations...............................................................................................................337
Deleting Notebook Entries ....................................................................................................337
Saving Notebook Entries to a Folder .................................................................................... 337
Managing the Database........................................................................................................ 338
To Start a New Database...................................................................................................... 339
CDR-E135.........................................................................................................340
Description ................................................................................................................ 340
Features .................................................................................................................... 340
Front of Module ......................................................................................................... 340
Operation................................................................................................................... 341
Product Specifications............................................................................................... 342
Nominal Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 342
Typical Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 342
PPG-E135.........................................................................................................343
Description ................................................................................................................ 343
Features .................................................................................................................... 343
Front of Module ......................................................................................................... 343
Operation................................................................................................................... 344
PPG Setup Menu ...................................................................................................... 345
Product Specifications............................................................................................... 345
Nominal Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 345
Typical Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 345
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INTRODUCTION
Wave Expert 100H is an equivalent time sampling oscilloscope system consisting of a mainframe
and up to four plug-in acquisition pods or modules. Different modules allow the connection of either
optical or electrical signals to the instrument and bandwidths up to 100 GHz are available. In
addition to the acquisition modules, PPG (pulse pattern generator) and CDR (clock and data
recovery) modules are also available.
The heart of Wave Expert is the timebase which is housed in the mainframe. The timebase controls
the acquisition heads by supplying a sampling pulse or strobe to the modules and digitizers which
convert the stored charge in the modules into a numerical voltage value for display. Unlike more
common DSO’s, the timebase in Wave Expert samples only in the equivalent-time mode, that is, it
samples at a rate much lower than its bandwidth but synchronous to the signal under test. This type
of sampling requires that the signal under test be periodic and the timebase samples the signal at
least once per period. The displayed waveform is built-up from multiple acquisitions of a single
period of the signal with each acquisition being at a progressively longer delay from the previous
one relative to the phase of the signal under test. This acquisition method is known as sequential
sampling. Sequential sampling utilizes a trigger signal to determine the phase of the signal under
test and the sampling strobe is generated by the timebase after a delay from the trigger. One
sample is taken per trigger and the delay is slightly increased on each subsequent trigger. The
sampling rate in this acquisition mode is determined by the trigger rate but is no faster than 500
kS/s.
Wave Expert 100H also features a powerful new sampling technique called High stability Coherent
Interleaved Sampling (HCIS).This optional timebase (WE-HCIS) enables samples to be acquired at
the rate of 10 MS/s independent of the trigger rate. HCIS does this by generating a sampling strobe
that is phase-locked to the clock of the signal under test. An internal phase locked loop generates a
10 MHz strobe that is precisely offset from an integer sub-multiple of the signal clock so that the
sampling point moves relative to the phase of the signal from sample to sample. The signal is
constructed in much the same way as the sequential timebase except that the sampling rate is fixed
at 10 MHz. The HCIS timebase has several distinct advantages over sequential sampling:
• 10 MHz sampling rate independent of the trigger
• very low intrinsic jitter – 230 fs RMS (typical)
• automatic pattern locking up to PRBS23
• long waveform memory up to 510 M samples
The phase locked loop used to derive the sampling strobe from the clock is designed with a very
narrow loop bandwidth in order to provide the lowest possible intrinsic jitter. A benefit of this
arrangement is that jitter on the clock signal used as the HCIS reference will not affect the
performance of the timebase. This is not true for sequential timebases where any jitter on the
trigger signal directly translates into timebase jitter.
HCIS is optimized for acquiring high speed serial data signals and the timebase controls are unique
compared to conventional sequential sampling oscilloscopes. The HCIS timebase is set up in terms
of the data signal being measured. The timebase is first locked to the clock from the signal under
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test and the user selects the number of samples per unit interval (UI or symbol). These two pieces
of information are used to set the frequency of the sampling signal. If the data signal being tested
has a repeating pattern, then the length is entered into the timebase menu if pattern-locking is
desired. A pattern-locked trace (voltage vs. time) is useful for jitter analysis and where
post-processing is required.
More detailed information on the modules and setting up the instrument is supplied in the
appropriate sections of this manual.
How to Use On-line Help
Type Styles
Activators of pop-up text and images appear as green, underlined, italic: Pop-up
text and images after opening them, touch the pop-up text again.
Link text appears blue and underlined: Link
another location within the same Help window. After making a jump, you can touch the Back
icon in the toolbar at the top of the Help window to return to the Help screen you just left. With each
touch of the Back icon, you return to the preceding Help screen.
Instrument Help
When you press the front panel Help button
button
found for you automatically or to search for information yourself.
If you want context-sensitive Help, that is, Help related to what was displayed on the screen when
you requested Help, touch
control (or front panel button or knob) that you need information about. The instrument will
automatically display Help about that control.
If you want information about something not displayed on the screen, touch one of the buttons
inside the drop-down menu to display the on-line Help manual:
, you will be presented with a menu: you can choose either to have information
. Links jump you to other topics, URLs, or images; or to
(if available), or touch the on-screen Help
in the drop-down menu, then touch the on-screen
. To close pop-up
Contents displays the Table of Contents.
Index displays an alphabetical listing of keywords.
Search locates every occurrence of the keyword that you enter.
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www.LeCroy.com connects you to LeCroy's Web site where you can find
Lab Briefs, Application Notes, and other useful information. This feature
requires that the instrument be connected to the internet through the Ethernet
port on the scope's rear panel. Refer to Remote Communication for setup
instructions.
About opens the Utilities "Status" dialog, which shows software version and
other system information.
Once opened, the Help window will display its navigation pane: the part of the window that shows
the Table of Contents and Index. When you touch anywhere outside of the Help window, this
navigation pane will disappear to reveal more of your signal. To make it return, touch the Show
icon at the top of the Help window or touch inside the Help information pane.
Windows Help
In addition to instrument Help, you can also access on-line Help for Microsoft® Windows®. This
help is accessible by minimizing the scope application, then touching the Start button in the
Windows task bar at the bottom of the screen and selecting Help.
Returning a Product for Service or Repair
If you need to return a LeCroy product, identify it by its model and serial numbers. Describe the
defect or failure, and give us your name and telephone number.
For factory returns, use a Return Authorization Number (RAN), which you can get from customer
service. Write the number clearly on the outside of the shipping carton.
Return products requiring only maintenance to your local customer service center.
If you need to return your scope for any reason, use the original shipping carton. If this is not
possible, be sure to use a rigid carton. The scope should be packed so that it is surrounded by a
minimum of four inches (10 cm) of shock absorbent material.
Within the warranty period, transportation charges to the factory will be your responsibility.
Products under warranty will be returned to you with transport prepaid by LeCroy. Outside the
warranty period, you will have to provide us with a purchase order number before the work can be
done. You will be billed for parts and labor related to the repair work, as well as for shipping.
You should prepay return shipments. LeCroy cannot accept COD (Cash On Delivery) or Collect
Return shipments. We recommend using air freight.
Technical Support
You can get assistance with installation, calibration, and a full range of software applications from
your customer service center. Visit the LeCroy Web site at http://www.lecroy.com for the center
nearest you.
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Staying Up-to-Date
To maintain your instrument’s performance within specifications, have us calibrate it at least once a
year. LeCroy offers state-of-the-art performance by continually refining and improving the
instrument’s capabilities and operation. We frequently update both firmware and software during
service, free of charge during warranty.
You can also install new purchased software options in your scope yourself, without having to
return it to the factory. Simply provide us with your instrument serial number and ID, and the version
number of instrument software installed. We will provide you with a unique option key that consists
of a code to be entered through the Utilities' Options dialog to load the software option.
Windows License Agreement
LeCroy's agreement with Microsoft prohibits users from running software on LeCroy X-Stream
oscilloscopes that is not relevant to measuring, analyzing, or documenting waveforms.
END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR LECROY® X-STREAM SOFTWARE
IMPORTANT-READ CAREFULLY: THIS END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (“EULA”) IS A
LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY LICENSING THE SOFTWARE
PRODUCT (“YOU” OR “YOUR”) AND LECROY CORPORATION (“LECROY”) FOR THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT(S) ACCOMPANYING THIS EULA, WHICH INCLUDE(S): COMPUTER
PROGRAMS; ANY “ONLINE” OR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION AND PRINTED
MATERIALS PROVIDED BY LECROY HEREWITH (“DOCUMENTATION”); ASSOCIATED
MEDIA; AND ANY UPDATES (AS DEFINED BELOW) (COLLECTIVELY, THE “SOFTWARE
PRODUCT”). BY USING AN INSTRUMENT TOGETHER WITH OR CONTAINING THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT, OR BY INSTALLING, COPYING, OR OTHERWISE USING THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE
TERMS OF THIS EULA. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS EULA, DO NOT
INSTALL, COPY, OR OTHERWISE USE THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT; YOU MAY RETURN
THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT TO YOUR PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND. IN
ADDITION, BY INSTALLING, COPYING, OR OTHERWISE USING ANY MODIFICATIONS,
ENHANCEMENTS, NEW VERSIONS, BUG FIXES, OR OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT THAT LECROY PROVIDES TO YOU SEPARATELY AS PART OF THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT (“UPDATES”), YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY ANY ADDITIONAL
LICENSE TERMS THAT ACCOMPANY SUCH UPDATES. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO SUCH
ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS, YOU MAY NOT INSTALL, COPY, OR OTHERWISE USE
SUCH UPDATES.
THE PARTIES CONFIRM THAT THIS AGREEMENT AND ALL RELATED DOCUMENTATION
ARE AND WILL BE DRAFTED IN ENGLISH. LES PARTIES AUX PRÉSENTÉS CONFIRMENT
LEUR VOLONTÉ QUE CETTE CONVENTION DE MÊME QUE TOUS LES DOCUMENTS Y
COMPRIS TOUT AVIS QUI S’Y RATTACHÉ, SOIENT REDIGÉS EN LANGUE ANGLAISE.
1. GRANT OF LICENSE.
1.1 License Grant.
fees, LeCroy grants to you a nonexclusive, nontransferable license (the “License”) to: (a) operate
the Software Product as provided or installed, in object code form, for your own internal business
18 WE-OM-E Rev A
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purposes, (i) for use in or with an instrument provided or manufactured by LeCroy (an “Instrument”),
(ii) for testing your software product(s) (to be used solely by you) that are designed to operate in
conjunction with an Instrument (“Your Software”), and (iii) make one copy for archival and back-up
purposes; (b) make and use copies of the Documentation; provided that such copies will be used
only in connection with your licensed use of the Software Product, and such copies may not be
republished or distributed (either in hard copy or electronic form) to any third party; and (c) copy,
modify, enhance and prepare derivative works (“Derivatives”) of the source code version of those
portions of the Software Product set forth in and identified in the Documentation as “Samples”
(“Sample Code”) for the sole purposes of designing, developing, and testing Your Software. If you
are an entity, only one designated individual within your organization, as designated by you, may
exercise the License; provided that additional individuals within your organization may assist with
respect to reproducing and distributing Sample Code as permitted under Section 1.1(c)(ii). LeCroy
reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. No license is granted hereunder for any use other
than that specified herein, and no license is granted for any use in combination or in connection
with other products or services (other than Instruments and Your Software) without the express
prior written consent of LeCroy. The Software Product is licensed as a single product. Its
component parts may not be separated for use by more than one user. This EULA does not grant
you any rights in connection with any trademarks or service marks of LeCroy. The Software
Product is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other
intellectual property laws and treaties. The Software Product is licensed, not sold. The terms of this
printed, paper EULA supersede the terms of any on-screen license agreement found within the
Software Product.
1.2 Upgrades.
If the Software Product is labeled as an “upgrade,” (or other similar designation) the
License will not take effect, and you will have no right to use or access the Software Product unless
you are properly licensed to use a product identified by LeCroy as being eligible for the upgrade
(“Underlying Product”). A Software Product labeled as an “upgrade” replaces and/or supplements
the Underlying Product. You may use the resulting upgraded product only in accordance with the
terms of this EULA. If the Software Product is an upgrade of a component of a package of software
programs that you licensed as a single product, the Software Product may be used and transferred
only as part of that single product package and may not be separated for use on more than one
computer.
1.3. Limitations.
Except as specifically permitted in this EULA, you will not directly or indirectly (a)
use any Confidential Information to create any software or documentation that is similar to any of
the Software Product or Documentation; (b) encumber, transfer, rent, lease, time-share or use the
Software Product in any service bureau arrangement; (c) copy (except for archival purposes),
distribute, manufacture, adapt, create derivative works of, translate, localize, port or otherwise
modify the Software Product or the Documentation; (d) permit access to the Software Product by
any party developing, marketing or planning to develop or market any product having functionality
similar to or competitive with the Software Product; (e) publish benchmark results relating to the
Software Product, nor disclose Software Product features, errors or bugs to third parties; or (f)
permit any third party to engage in any of the acts proscribed in clauses (a) through (e). In
jurisdictions in which transfer is permitted, notwithstanding the foregoing prohibition, transfers will
only be effective if you transfer a copy of this EULA, as well as all copies of the Software Product,
whereupon your right to use the Software product will terminate. Except as described in this
Section 1.3, You are not permitted (i) to decompile, disassemble, reverse compile, reverse
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assemble, reverse translate or otherwise reverse engineer the Software Product, (ii) to use any
similar means to discover the source code of the Software Product or to discover the trade secrets
in the Software Product, or (iii) to otherwise circumvent any technological measure that controls
access to the Software Product. You may reverse engineer or otherwise circumvent the
technological measures protecting the Software Product for the sole purpose of identifying and
analyzing those elements that are necessary to achieve Interoperability (the “Permitted Objective”)
only if: (A) doing so is necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective and it does not constitute
infringement under Title 17 of the United States Code; (B) such circumvention is confined to those
parts of the Software Product and to such acts as are necessary to achieve the Permitted
Objective; (C) the information to be gained thereby has not already been made readily available to
you or has not been provided by LeCroy within a reasonable time after a written request by you to
LeCroy to provide such information; (D) the information gained is not used for any purpose other
than the Permitted Objective and is not disclosed to any other person except as may be necessary
to achieve the Permitted Objective; and (E) the information obtained is not used (1) to create a
computer program substantially similar in its expression to the Software Product including, but not
limited to, expressions of the Software Product in other computer languages, or (2) for any other act
restricted by LeCroy’s intellectual property rights in the Software Product. “Interoperability” will
have the same meaning in this EULA as defined in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C.
§1201(f), the ability of computer programs to exchange information and of such programs mutually
to use the information which has been exchanged.
1.4 PRERELEASE CODE.
(“Prerelease Code”). Prerelease Code is not at the level of performance and compatibility of the
final, generally available product offering. The Prerelease Code may not operate correctly and may
be substantially modified prior to first commercial shipment. LeCroy is not obligated to make this or
any later version of the Prerelease Code commercially available. The License with respect to the
Prerelease Code terminates upon availability of a commercial release of the Prerelease Code from
LeCroy.
2. SUPPORT SERVICES.
At LeCroy’s sole discretion, from time to time, LeCroy may provide Updates to the Software
Product. LeCroy shall have no obligation to revise or update the Software Product or to support
any version of the Software Product. At LeCroy’s sole discretion, upon your request, LeCroy may
provide you with support services related to the Software Product (“Support Services”) pursuant to
the LeCroy policies and programs described in the Documentation or otherwise then in effect, and
such Support Services will be subject to LeCroy’s then-current fees therefor, if any. Any Update or
other supplemental software code provided to you pursuant to the Support Services will be
considered part of the Software Product and will be subject to the terms and conditions of this
EULA. LeCroy may use any technical information you provide to LeCroy during LeCroy’s provision
of Support Services, for LeCroy’s business purposes, including for product support and
development. LeCroy will not utilize such technical information in a form that personally identifies
you.
3. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.
3.1 Right and Title.
(including but not limited to any intellectual property or other proprietary rights, images, icons,
All right, title and interest in and to the Software Product and Documentation
Portions of the Software Product may be identified as prerelease code
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photographs, text, and “applets” embodied in or incorporated into the Software Product, collectively,
“Content”), and all Derivatives, and any copies thereof are owned by LeCroy and/or its licensors or
third-party suppliers, and is protected by applicable copyright or other intellectual property laws and
treaties. You will not take any action inconsistent with such title and ownership. This EULA grants
you no rights to use such Content outside of the proper exercise of the license granted hereunder,
and LeCroy will not be responsible or liable therefor.
3.2 Intellectual Property Protection.
You may not alter or remove any printed or on-screen
copyright, trade secret, proprietary or other legal notices contained on or in copies of the Software
Product or Documentation.
3.3 Confidentiality.
Except for the specific rights granted by this EULA, neither party shall use or
disclose any Confidential Information (as defined below) of the other party without the written
consent of the disclosing party. A party receiving Confidential Information from the other shall use
the highest commercially reasonable degree of care to protect the Confidential Information,
including ensuring that its employees and consultants with access to such Confidential Information
have agreed in writing not to disclose the Confidential Information. You shall bear the responsibility
for any breaches of confidentiality by your employees and consultants. Within ten (10) days after
request of the disclosing party, and in the disclosing party's sole discretion, the receiving party shall
either return to the disclosing party originals and copies of any Confidential Information and all
information, records and materials developed therefrom by the receiving party, or destroy the same,
other than such Confidential Information as to which this EULA expressly provides a continuing
right to the receiving party to retain at the time of the request. Either party may only disclose the
general nature, but not the specific financial terms, of this EULA without the prior consent of the
other party; provided either party may provide a copy of this EULA to any finance provider in
conjunction with a financing transaction, if such provider agrees to keep this EULA confidential.
Nothing herein shall prevent a receiving party from disclosing all or part of the Confidential
Information as necessary pursuant to the lawful requirement of a governmental agency or when
disclosure is required by operation of law; provided that prior to any such disclosure, the receiving
party shall use reasonable efforts to (a) promptly notify the disclosing party in writing of such
requirement to disclose, and (b) cooperate fully with the disclosing party in protecting against any
such disclosure or obtaining a protective order. Money damages will not be an adequate remedy if
this Section 4.3 is breached and, therefore, either party shall, in addition to any other legal or
equitable remedies, be entitled to seek an injunction or similar equitable relief against such breach
or threatened breach without the necessity of posting any bond. As used herein, “Confidential
Information” means LeCroy pricing or information concerning new LeCroy products, trade secrets
(including without limitation all internal header information contained in or created by the Software
Product, all benchmark and performance test results and all Documentation) and other proprietary
information of LeCroy; and any business, marketing or technical information disclosed by LeCroy,
or its representatives, or you in relation to this EULA, and either (i) disclosed in writing and marked
as confidential at the time of disclosure or (ii) disclosed in any other manner such that a reasonable
person would understand the nature and confidentiality of the information. Confidential Information
does not include information (A) already in the possession of the receiving party without an
obligation of confidentiality to the disclosing party, (B) hereafter rightfully furnished to the receiving
party by a third party without a breach of any separate nondisclosure obligation to the disclosing
party, (C) publicly known without breach of this EULA, (d) furnished by the disclosing party to a third
party without restriction on subsequent disclosure, or (e) independently developed by the receiving
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party without reference to or reliance on the Confidential Information.
4. TERMINATION.
This EULA will remain in force until termination pursuant to the terms hereof. You may terminate
this EULA at any time. This EULA will also terminate if you breach any of the terms or conditions of
this EULA. You agree that if this EULA terminates for any reason, the License will immediately
terminate and you will destroy all copies of the Software Product (and all Derivatives), installed or
otherwise, the Documentation, and the Confidential Information (and all derivatives of any of the
foregoing) that are in your possession or under your control. The provisions of Sections 1.3, 4, 6, 7,
8, and 9 will survive any termination or expiration hereof.
5. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS.
If any Software Product or Documentation is acquired by or on behalf of a unit or agency of the
United States Government (any such unit or agency, the “Government”), the Government agrees
that the Software Product or Documentation is “commercial computer software” or “commercial
computer software documentation” and that, absent a written agreement to the contrary, the
Government’s rights with respect to the Software Product or Documentation are, in the case of
civilian agency use, Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR §52.227.19, and if for Department of
Defense use, limited by the terms of this EULA, pursuant to DFARS §227.7202. The use of the
Software Product or Documentation by the Government constitutes acknowledgment of LeCroy’s
proprietary rights in the Software Product and Documentation. Manufacturer is LeCroy Corporation,
700 Chestnut Ridge Road, Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977 USA.
6. EXPORT RESTRICTIONS.
You agree that you will not export or re-export the Software Product, any part thereof, or any
process or service that is the direct product of the Software Product (the foregoing collectively
referred to as the “Restricted Components”), to any country, person, entity or end user subject to
U.S. export restrictions. You specifically agree not to export or re-export any of the Restricted
Components (a) to any country to which the U.S. has embargoed or restricted the export of goods
or services, which currently include, but are not necessarily limited to Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North
Korea, Sudan and Syria, or to any national of any such country, wherever located, who intends to
transmit or transport the Restricted Components back to such country; (b) to any end user who you
know or have reason to know will utilize the Restricted Components in the design, development or
production of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons; or (c) to any end-user who has been
prohibited from participating in U.S. export transactions by any federal agency of the U.S.
government. You warrant and represent that neither the BXA nor any other U.S. federal agency has
suspended, revoked or denied your export privileges. It is your responsibility to comply with the
latest United States export regulations, and you will defend and indemnify LeCroy from and against
any damages, fines, penalties, assessments, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable
attorneys' fees and court costs) arising out of any claim that the Software Product, Documentation,
or other information or materials provided by LeCroy hereunder were exported or otherwise
accessed, shipped or transported in violation of applicable laws and regulations.
7. RISK ALLOCATION.
7.1 No Warranty.
PRODUCT AND SUPPORT SERVICES IS/ARE BEING PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT
22 WE-OM-E Rev A
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WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. LECROY, FOR ITSELF AND ITS SUPPLIERS, HEREBY
DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ORAL OR WRITTEN,
WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT OR ANY SUPPORT SERVICES INCLUDING,
WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT,
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ACCURACY, INTEGRATION,
VALIDITY, EXCLUSIVITY, MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INTERFERENCE WITH ENJOYMENT,
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ALL WARRANTIES IMPLIED FROM ANY
COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT NO
WARRANTIES HAVE BEEN MADE TO YOU BY OR ON BEHALF OF LECROY OR OTHERWISE
FORM THE BASIS FOR THE BARGAIN BETWEEN THE PARTIES.
7.2. Limitation of Liability.
LECROY’S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES FOR ANY CAUSE
WHATSOEVER, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ANY CLAIM OR ACTION, SHALL NOT
EXCEED THE GREATER OF THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE
PRODUCT OR U.S.$5.00; PROVIDED THAT IF YOU HAVE ENTERED INTO A SUPPORT
SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH LECROY, LECROY’S ENTIRE LIABILITY REGARDING
SUPPORT SERVICES WILL BE GOVERNED BY THE TERMS OF THAT AGREEMENT.
LECROY SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF
DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, NOR FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER UNDER THIS EULA
OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT,
THE DOCUMENTATION OR THIS EULA. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE
EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE
ABOVE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THESE LIMITATIONS ARE
INDEPENDENT FROM ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS EULA AND SHALL APPLY
NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF ANY REMEDY PROVIDED HEREIN.
7.3 Indemnification.
You will defend, indemnify and hold harmless LeCroy and its officers, directors,
affiliates, contractors, agents, and employees from, against and in respect of any and all
assessments, damages, deficiencies, judgments, losses, obligations and liabilities (including costs
of collection and reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert witness fees and expenses) imposed upon or
suffered or incurred by them arising from or related to your use of the Software Product.
8. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
8.1 Compliance with Laws.
You will comply with all laws, legislation, rules, regulations, and
governmental requirements with respect to the Software Product, and the performance by you of
your obligations hereunder, of any jurisdiction in or from which you directly or indirectly cause the
Software Product to be used or accessed.
8.2 No Agency.
Nothing contained in this EULA will be deemed to constitute either party as the
agent or representative of the other party, or both parties as joint venturers or partners for any
purpose.
8.3 Entire Agreement; Waiver; Severability.
This EULA constitutes the entire agreement between
the parties with regard to the subject matter hereof. No provision of, right, power or privilege under
this EULA will be deemed to have been waived by any act, delay, omission or acquiescence by
LeCroy, its agents, or employees, but only by an instrument in writing signed by an authorized
officer of LeCroy. No waiver by LeCroy of any breach or default of any provision of this EULA by
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you will be effective as to any other breach or default, whether of the same or any other provision
and whether occurring prior to, concurrent with, or subsequent to the date of such waiver. If any
provision of this EULA is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable, such provision will be severed from this EULA and all the other provisions will
remain in full force and effect.
8.4 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Venue.
accordance with the laws of the State of New York, USA, without regard to its choice of law
provisions. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods will not
apply to this EULA. Exclusive jurisdiction and venue for any litigation arising under this EULA is in
the federal and state courts located in New York, New York, USA and both parties hereby consent
to such jurisdiction and venue for this purpose.
8.5 Assignment.
whole or in part by you, except to a successor to the whole of your business, without the prior
written consent of LeCroy. In the case of any permitted assignment or transfer of or under this
EULA, this EULA or the relevant provisions will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the
successors, executors, heirs, representatives, administrators and assigns of the parties hereto.
8.6 Notices.
in writing and delivered personally, sent by confirmed fax, by confirmed e-mail, by certified mail,
postage prepaid and return receipt requested, or by a nationally recognized express delivery
service. All notices will be in English and will be effective upon receipt.
8.7 Headings.
deemed to supersede or modify any provisions.
8.8 Acknowledgment.
it has had an opportunity to have its legal counsel review this EULA, (c) this EULA has the same
force and effect as a signed agreement, and (d) issuance of this EULA does not constitute general
publication of the Software Product or other Confidential Information.
This EULA and the rights and obligations hereunder, may not be assigned, in
All notices or other communications between LeCroy and you under this EULA will be
The headings used in this EULA are intended for convenience only and will not be
Licensee acknowledges that (a) it has read and understands this EULA, (b)
This EULA will be governed by and construed in
Virus Protection
Because your scope runs on a Windows-based PC platform, it must be protected from viruses, as
with any PC on a corporate network. It is crucial that the scope be kept up to date with Windows
Critical Updates, and that anti-virus software be installed and continually updated.
Visit http://www.lecroy.com/dsosecurity for more information regarding Windows Service Pack
compatibility with LeCroy operating software, and related matters.
Warranty
The instrument is warranted for normal use and operation, within specifications, for a period of one
year from shipment. LeCroy will either repair or, at our option, replace any product returned to one
of our authorized service centers within this period. However, in order to do this we must first
examine the product and find that it is defective due to workmanship or materials and not due to
misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions or operation.
LeCroy shall not be responsible for any defect, damage, or failure caused by any of the following: a)
attempted repairs or installations by personnel other than LeCroy representatives, or b) improper
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connection to incompatible equipment or c) for any damage or malfunction caused by the use of
non-LeCroy supplies. Furthermore, LeCroy shall not be obligated to service a product that has
been modified or integrated where the modification or integration increases the task duration or
difficulty of servicing the oscilloscope. Spare and replacement parts, and repairs, all have a 90-day
warranty.
The oscilloscope’s firmware has been thoroughly tested and is presumed to be functional.
Nevertheless, it is supplied without warranty of any kind covering detailed performance. Products
not made by LeCroy are covered solely by the warranty of the original equipment manufacturer.
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SPECIFICATIONS
Note: Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Sampling Heads
Module Performance (Guaranteed Values)
Module Rise time RMS noise Aberrations Bandwidth
ST-20 18 ps 700 µV
SE-30 12 ps 1 mV
SE-50 8 ps 2 mV
SE-70 5 ps 3 mV
SE-100 4 ps 3 mV
First 40 ps +/-10%
40 ps to 200 ps +/-5%
200 ps to 10 ns +/-2%
First 40 ps +/-10%
40 ps to 200 ps +/-5%
200 ps to 10 ns +/-2%
First 40 ps +/-10%
40 ps to 200 ps +/-5%
200 ps to 10 ns +/-2%
First 40 ps +/-10%
40 ps to 200 ps +/-5%
200 ps to 10 ns +/-2%
First 40 ps +/-10%
40 ps to 200 ps +/-5%
200 ps to 10 ns +/-2%
20 GHz
30 GHz
50 GHz
70 GHz*
100 GHz*
* limited by connector molding
ME-15 Module Extender: 22 ps
Vertical System
Maximum Input Channels: 4
Maximum Input Range: +/- 2 V
Dynamic Range: 2 V
Input Impedance: 50 ohms ±1%
Input Coupling: DC
Max Input Voltage: +/- 2.5 V
Static Sensitivity: The sampling module inputs are highly static sensitive. A grounding strap
must be worn at all times when handling the modules.
Installation (Overvoltage) Category: CAT I
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Vertical Resolution: 14 bits up to 17 bits with enhanced resolution (ERES)
Sensitivity: 1 mV/div to 1 V/div
Offset Range: -1 V to +1 V
Horizontal System
Timebases: 2 timebases common to all 4 channels are available; Sequential (SEQ) and
High-stability Coherent Interleaved Sampling (HCIS)
Maximum Sampling Rate: 10 MS/s (CIS), 500 kS/s (SEQ)
Math & Zoom Traces: 4 independent zoom and 4 math/zoom traces standard; 8 math/zoom
traces available with XMAP (Master Analysis Package) option
Timebase Jitter (typical): 210 fs rms (CIS); 0.8 ps rms (SEQ)
Acquisition System
Memory Options:
Memory
Option
Standard 100 K/channel 4 M/channel
M Memory Option 100 K/channel 128 M/channel, 510 M/
Acquisition Processing
Averaging: Summed averaging to 1 million sweeps; Continuous averaging to 1 million sweeps
Envelope (Extrema): Envelope, floor, roof for up to 1 million sweeps
Sequential Coherent Interleaved
1 channel
Triggering System
Modes: normal, prescale, TDR (internal)
Sources: front panel SMA connectors for direct and prescale, internal 1 MHz clock for TDR
Coupling: DC 50 ohms for direct trigger, AC 50 ohms for prescaled trigger
Vertical Find Scale: Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channels
to display a waveform with maximum dynamic range.
Color Waveform Display
Type: Color 10.4-inch flat panel TFT LCD with high resolution touch screen
Resolution: SVGA; 800 x 600 pixels
Real-time Clock: Date, hours, minutes, and seconds displayed with waveform; SNTP support to
synchronize to precision internet clocks
Number of Traces: Maximum of eight traces; simultaneously displays channel, zoom, memory,
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and math traces
Grid Styles: Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, XY, Single+XY, Dual+XY
Waveform Display Styles: Sample dots joined or dots only
Analog Persistence Display
Analog and Color-graded Persistence: Variable saturation levels; stores each trace's
persistence data in memory
Persistence Selections: Select analog, color, or 3-D
Trace Selection: Activate Analog Persistence on all or any combination of traces
Persistence Aging Time: From 500 ms to infinity
Sweeps Displayed: All accumulated or all accumulated with last trace highlighted
Zoom Expansion Traces
Display up to 4 Zoom and 4 Math/Zoom traces; 8 Math/Zoom traces available with XMAP (Master
Analysis Package) and XMATH (Advanced Math Package) options.
Rapid Signal Processing
Processor: Intel Pentium* 4 @ 2.53 GHz (or better) with MS Windows† XP Platform
Processor Memory: 2 G bytes
Internal Waveform Memory
Waveform: M1, M2, M3, M4 (Store full-length waveforms with 16 bits/data point.) Or save to any
number of files (limited only by data storage media).
Setup Storage
Front Panel and Instrument Status: Save to the internal hard drive, floppy drive, or to a USB
connected peripheral device.
Interface
Remote Control: Through Windows Automation or LeCroy Remote Command set, supports front
panel controls and internal functions via GPIB or Ethernet.
GPIB Port (optional): Supports IEEE-488.2
Ethernet Port: 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface
USB Ports: 6 USB ports (2 on the front panel) support Windows compatible devices.
External Monitor Port (standard): 15-pin D-Type SVGA compatible
*
Registered trademark of Intel Corp.
†
Registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
28 WE-OM-E Rev A
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Wave Expert
Parallel Port: 1 standard
Eye Doctor option
Eye doctor is a set of tools for analyzing signals in high bit rate serial data systems which generally
employ equalization. Eye Doctor consists of two features that are orderable separately or bundled
in one package. The two features are:
Virtual Probing – this feature simulates a signal at any point in a network using measurements at
any other point in the same network.
Equalized Receiver Emulation – This feature implements a simulated receiver including
equalization (DFE and FFE), clock recovery and detection. Equalized receiver emulation allows
signals to be viewed as they would appear inside a receiver chip.
Eye Doctor is explained in detail in a separate manual.
Math Tools (standard)
• Display up to eight math function traces (F1 to F8). The easy-to-use graphical interface
simplifies setup of up to two operations on each function trace. Function traces can be
chained together to perform math-on-math.
• Parameter math -- add, subtract, multiply, or divide two different parameters.
• Histograms expanded with 19 histogram parameters and up to 2 billion events.
• Trend (datalog) of up to 1 million events
• Track graphs of any measurement parameter.
• FFT capability includes: power averaging, power density, real and imaginary components,
frequency domain parameters, and FFT on up to 25 Mpts.
• Narrow-band power measurements
• Auto-correlation function
• Sparse function
• Cubic and quadratic interpolation function
• User-definable parameter measurements and math functions, using VBScripting with MS
Excel and MATLAB
absolute value
average (summed)
average (continuous)
derivative
deskew (resample)
difference ()
enhanced resolution (to 17 bits vertical)
WE-OM-E Rev A 29
invert (negate)
ln (log base e)
log (base 10)
product (X)
ratio (/)
reciprocal
rescale (with units)
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Operator’s Manual
envelope
exp (base e)
exp (base 10)
fft (basic)
floor
histogram of 2e9 events
integral
roof
segment
(sinX)/X
square
square root
sum (+)
trend (datalog) of 10,000 events
zoom (identity)
Measure Tools (standard)
Display any 8 parameters together with statistics, including their average, high, low, and standard
deviations. Histicons provide a fast, dynamic view of parameters and wave shape characteristics.
amplitude
area
base
cycles
delay
delta delay
delta time @ level
duration
duty cycle
fall time (90-10%, 80-20%, @ level)
first
frequency
last
level @ x
maximum
mean
minimum
number of points
overshoot+
overshootpeak-to-peak
period
phase
rise time (10-90%, 20-80%, @ level)
rms
std. deviation
time @ level
top
width
x @ minimum (min.)
x @ maximum (max.)
x at max
x at min
Pass/Fail Testing
Test multiple parameters against selectable parameter limits at the same time. Pass or fail
conditions can initiate actions including: document to local or networked files, email the image of
the failure, or save waveforms.
General
Auto Calibration: Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maintained for 1 year minimum.
Power Requirements: Single phase, 100 to 240 V
30 WE-OM-E Rev A
(±10%) at 50/60 Hz (±5%); or single phase,
rms
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Wave Expert
100 to 120 V
Voltage Range:
Frequency Range:
(±10%) at 400 Hz (±5%); Automatic AC voltage selection
rms
90 to 264 V
90 to 132 V
rms
47 to 63 Hz 380 to 420 Hz
rms
Power Consumption: On State: 400 watts (400 VA) depending on accessories installed
(sampling modules, PC port plug-ins, etc.). Standby State: 12 watts
Fuse: One 5x20 mm fuse (T6.3 A/250 V)
Battery Backup: Front panel settings retained for two years minimum
Physical Dimensions (HWD): 264 mm x 397 mm x 491 mm (10.4 in. x 15.6 in. x 19.3 in.); height
measurement excludes foot pads
Weight: 16 kg (36 lbs.)
Shipping Weight: 22 kg (48 lbs.)
Warranty and Service
1-year warranty; calibration recommended yearly
Optional service programs include extended warranty, upgrades, and calibration services.
Environmental Characteristics
Temperature
Operating: 5 to 40 °C
Storage (non-operating): -20 to +60 °C
Humidity
Operating: Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31 °C decreasing linearly to
50% relative humidity at 40 °C
Storage (non-operating): 5 to 95% RH (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F
Altitude
Operating: Up to 2000 m
Storage (non-operating): Up to 12,192 m (40,000 ft)
Random Vibration
Operating: 0.31 grms, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 15 minutes in each of 3 orthogonal axes
Non-operating: 2.4 grms, 5 to 500 Hz, 15 minutes in each of 3 orthogonal axes
Shock
Functional Shock: 20 g peak, half sine, 11 ms pulse, 3 shocks (positive and negative) in each of 3
orthogonal axes, 18 shocks total
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Certifications
Meets intent of the European Council Directives 73/23/EEC for
product safety and 89/336/EEC for electromagnetic compatibility.
This declaration is based upon compliance of the WaveExpert
oscilloscope to the following standards:
EN 61326/A3:2003 EMC requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use.
Emissions:
EN 55011/A2:2002 Radiated & Conducted Emissions (Class
A*)
EN 61000-3-2/A2:2005 Harmonic Current Emissions
Immunity:
EC Declaration of Conformity
EN 61000-4-2:1999 Electrostatic discharge (+
discharge; +8 kV air discharge)
EN 61000-4-3: 2002+A1:2003 RF Radiated Fields
(3 V/m, 80 MHz to 1 GHz, 80% amplitude modulated)
EN 61000-4-4: 2004 Electrical Fast Transient/Burst
(1 kV on AC mains)
EN 61000-4-5: 1995+A1:2001 Surge
(1 kV differential mode, 2 kV common mode)
EN 61000-4-6: 1996+A1:2001 RF Conducted Field
(3 V, 150 kHz to 80 MHz, amplitude modulated with 1 kHz sine
wave)
EN 61000-4-11: 2004 Mains Dips and Interruptions (100%
interruption for 1 full AC cycle)
EN 61010-1: 2001 Safety requirements for electrical equipment
for measurement control and laboratory use
With the following limits:
Installation (Overvoltage) Category II
(Line voltage in equipment and to wall outlet)
Installation (Overvoltage) Category I
4 kV contact
(All mains isolated terminals)
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Pollution Degree 2
Protection Class I
* To conform to Radiated Emissions standard, use properly shielded cables on all I/O terminals.
nd
UL and cUL Listed - Conforms to UL 61010-1, 2
Edition and CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-04
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Operator’s Manual
SAFETY
This section contains information and warnings that must be observed to keep the scope operating
in a correct and safe condition. You are required to follow generally accepted safety procedures in
addition to the safety precautions specified in this section.
Safety Symbols
Where the following symbols appear on the scope’s front or rear panels, or in this manual, they alert
you to important safety considerations.
This symbol is used where caution is required. Refer to the accompanying information
or documents in order to protect against personal injury or damage to the scope.
This symbol warns of a potential risk of shock hazard.
This symbol is used to denote the measurement ground connection.
This symbol is used to denote a safety ground connection.
This symbol is used to denote a grounded frame or chassis terminal.
This symbol shows that the switch is a Standby (power) switch. When it is pressed, the
scope’s state toggles between operating and Standby mode. This switch is not a
disconnect device. The scope can only be placed in a complete Power Off state by
unplugging the power cord from the AC supply.
This symbol is used to denote "Alternating Current."
The ESD symbol indicates a potential hazard. It calls attention to the susceptibility of
the equipment to electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced damage if anti-static
measures are not taken.
CAUTION
34 WE-OM-E Rev A
The CAUTION sign indicates a potential hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice or condition which, if not followed, could possibly cause damage to
equipment. If a CAUTION is indicated, do not proceed until its conditions are fully
understood and met.
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Wave Expert
WARNING
The WARNING sign indicates a potential hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice or condition which, if not followed, could possibly cause bodily injury or death.
If a WARNING is indicated, do not proceed until its conditions are fully understood and
met.
CAT I
Installation (Overvoltage) Category rating per EN 61010-1 safety standard and is
applicable for the oscilloscope front panel measuring terminals. CAT I rated terminals
must only be connected to source circuits in which measures are taken to limit
transient voltages to an appropriately low level.
Operating Environment
The scope is intended for indoor use and should be
operated in a clean, dry environment. Before using
this product, ensure that its operating environment will
be maintained within these parameters:
Temperature: 5 to 40 °C
Humidity: Maximum relative humidity 80% for
temperatures up to 31 °C decreasing linearly to 50%
relative humidity at 40 °C
Note: Direct sunlight, radiators, and other heat sources should be
taken into account when assessing the ambient temperature.
WARNING
The scope must not be operated in
explosive, dusty, or wet atmospheres.
CAUTION
Protect the scope’s display touch screen
from excessive impacts with foreign
objects.
CAUTION
Do not exceed the maximum specified
front panel terminal voltage levels. Refer to
Specifications for more details.
CAUTION
ESD sensitive: The sampling modules
inputs are highly static sensitive. A
grounding strap must be worn at all times
when handling the modules.
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Installation (Overvoltage) Category II refers to
local distribution level, which is applicable to
equipment connected to the mains supply (AC
power source).
Installation (Overvoltage) Category I refers to
signal level, which is applicable to equipment
measuring terminals that are connected to
source circuits in which measures are taken to
limit transient voltages to an appropriately low
level.
Pollution Degree 2 refers to an operating
environment where normally only dry
non-conductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a
temporary conductivity caused by condensation
must be expected.
Protection Class 1 refers to a grounded
equipment, in which protection against electric
shock is achieved by Basic Insulation and by
means of a connection to the protective ground
conductor in the building wiring.
Cooling
The scope relies on forced air cooling with
internal fans and ventilation openings. Care
must be taken to avoid restricting the airflow
around the apertures (fan holes) at the sides
and rear of the scope. To ensure adequate
ventilation it is required to leave a 10 cm (4 inch)
minimum gap around the sides and rear of the
scope.
Note
The design of the instrument has been verified to conform to
EN 61010-1 safety standard per the following limits:
Installation (Overvoltage) Categories II (Mains Supply
Connector) & I (Measuring Terminals)
Pollution Degree 2
Protection Class I
CAUTION
Do not block the ventilation holes located on both
sides and rear of the scope.
The scope also has internal fan control circuitry
that regulates the fan speed based on the
ambient temperature. This is performed
CAUTION
automatically after start-up with no manual
intervention required.
Do not allow any foreign matter to enter the
scope through the ventilation holes, etc.
36 WE-OM-E Rev A
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AC Power Source
Wave Expert
The scope operates from a single-phase, 100 to
240 V
(+/-5%), or single-phase 100 to 120 V
(+/-10%) power source at 50/60 Hz
rms
rms
(+/-10%) at 400 Hz (+/-5%) power source.
No manual voltage selection is required
because the scope automatically adapts to line
voltage.
Depending on the accessories installed
(sampling modules, PC port plug-ins, etc.), the
scope can draw up to 400 W (400 VA).
The power supply of the scope is protected
against short circuit and overload by a 5x20 mm
fuse (T6.3 A/250 V). See Fuse Replacement
section for replacement instructions.
Power and Ground Connections
The scope is provided with a grounded cord set
containing a molded three-terminal polarized
plug and a standard IEC320 (Type C13)
connector for making line voltage and safety
ground connection. The AC inlet ground
terminal is connected directly to the frame of the
scope. For adequate protection against
electrical shock hazard, the power cord plug
must be inserted into a mating AC outlet
containing a safety ground contact.
NOTE:
The scope automatically adapts itself to the AC line input
within the following ranges:
Voltage Range: 90 to 264 V
Frequency Range: 47 to 63 Hz 380 to 420 Hz
90 to 132 V
rms
rms
WARNING
Electrical Shock Hazard!
Any interruption of the protective conductor
inside or outside of the scope, or disconnection
of the safety ground terminal creates a
hazardous situation.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.
In Standby mode the scope is still connected to
the AC supply. The scope can only be placed in
a complete Power Off state by physically
disconnecting the power cord from the AC
supply.
The scope should be positioned to allow easy
access to the socket-outlet. To disconnect the
scope from the AC supply, unplug the scope’s
power cord from the AC outlet after the scope is
placed in Standby state.
See “Standby (Power) Switch and scope
Operational States” section for more
information.
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Standby (Power) Switch and Scope Operational States
The front Standby (Power) switch controls the operational state of the scope. This toggle switch is
activated by momentarily pressing and releasing it. The color of the LED below the switch indicates
the status of the scope as follows:
On (LED Green)* scope is fully powered and operational
Standby (LED Off)* scope is powered off (except for some “housekeeping” circuits)
Standby (LED Red) scope’s computer subsystems (hard drive, etc.) are in Standby (reduced
Power mode). All other scope subsystems are fully powered.
* Factory Settings
The scope’s factory settings result in only two basic scope states: On (LED Green) or Standby
(LED Off). In this case of Standby (LED Off), the scope is powered off with the exception of some
“housekeeping” circuitry (approximately 12 watts dissipation). The scope can only be placed in a
complete power off state by unplugging the scope’s power cord from the primary power source (AC
outlet). It is recommended that the power cord be unplugged from the AC outlet if the scope is not
being used for an extended period of time.
You have the option to change the scope's original factory settings via the “Power Options
Properties” menu in Windows by following the path: Settings Power Options. It is important to note
that the Windows Power Option named “Standby” provides control of only the scope’s computer
subsystems (CPU, hard drive, etc.) and does not affect the other subsystems within the scope. In
general, these other subsystems remain fully powered. For additional information on setting these
Power Options, see the Windows Help menu or other related technical documentation. In terms of
control buttons, this scope uses only a power button/switch and therefore references to a sleep
button are not applicable.
The scope can always be placed in the Standby state (LED Off) Power Off (except for some
“housekeeping” circuits) by pressing and holding in the Standby toggle switch for approximately 5
seconds.
Fuse Replacement
Set the scope Standby (power) switch to
Standby mode (LED off) and disconnect the
power cord before inspecting or replacing the
fuse. Open the black fuse holder (located at
the rear of the scope directly to the right of the
AC inlet) using a small, flat-bladed
screwdriver. Remove the old fuse, replace it
with a new 5x20 mm “T” rated 6.3 A/250 V
fuse, and reinstall the fuse holder.
38 WE-OM-E Rev A
For continued fire protection at all line voltages,
replace fuse with the specified type and rating only.
Disconnect the power cord before replacing fuse.
WARNING
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Wave Expert
Calibration
The recommended calibration interval is one year. Calibration should be performed by qualified
personnel only.
Cleaning
Clean only the exterior of the scope, using a
damp, soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or
abrasive elements. Under no circumstances
allow moisture to penetrate the scope. To
avoid electrical shock, unplug the power cord
from the AC outlet before cleaning.
Abnormal Conditions
Operate the scope only as intended by the
manufacturer.
If you suspect the scope’s protection has
been impaired, disconnect the power cord
and secure the scope against any unintended
operation.
The scope’s protection is likely to be impaired
if, for example, the scope shows visible
damage or has been subjected to severe
transport stresses.
Electrical Shock Hazard!
No operator serviceable parts inside. Do not
remove covers.
Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
Any use of the scope in a manner not specified by
the manufacturer may impair the scope’s safety
protection. The scope and related accessories
should not be directly connected to human subjects
or used for patient monitoring.
WARNING
WARNING
Proper use of the scope depends on careful
reading of all instructions and labels.
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BASIC CONTROLS
Alternate Access Methods
The instrument often gives you more than one way to access dialogs and menus.
Mouse and Keyboard Operation
In the procedures we focus on touch-screen operation, but if you have a mouse connected to the
instrument, you can also click on objects. Likewise, if you have a keyboard connected, you can use
it instead of the virtual keyboard provided by the instrument.
If you want to connect a mouse to the instrument, use only a USB mouse.
Tool Bar Buttons
The procedures also focus on the use of the menu bar at the top of the screen to access dialogs
and menus. However, on several dialogs common functions are accessible from a row of buttons
that save you a step or two in accessing their dialogs. For example, at the bottom of the Channel
Setup dialog, these buttons perform the following functions:
Calls up the Measure menu. You can then select a parameter from this menu without
leaving the Channel Setup dialog. The parameter automatically appears below the
grid.
Creates a zoom trace of the channel trace whose dialog is currently displayed.
Another example is these buttons that appear at the bottom of the Measure Px dialogs. Each button
opens a menu from which to choose a math trace (F1 to Fx) to display the functions named in the
40 WE-OM-E Rev A
Calls up the Math menu. You can then select a math function from this menu without
leaving the Channel Setup dialog. A math trace of the channel whose dialog is
currently open is automatically displayed.
Loads the channel trace into the next available memory location (M1 to M4).
Automatically performs a vertical scaling that fits the waveform into the grid.
Automatically moves the channel trace whose dialog is currently open onto the next
grid. If you have only one grid displayed, a new grid will be created automatically, and
the trace moved.
Enables you to attach identifying labels to your waveforms. The labels are preserved
when the waveform is saved as a LabNotebook entry and when saved to file.
Page 43
buttons:
Wave Expert
, , .
By using these buttons you can remain in the Measure dialog to set up other options.
Trace Descriptors
Vertical and horizontal trace descriptors (labels) are displayed below the grid. They provide a
summary of your channel, timebase, and trigger settings. To make adjustments to these settings,
touch the respective label to display the setup dialog for that function.
Channel trace labels show the vertical settings for the trace, as
well as cursor information if cursors are in use. In the title bar of
the label are also included indicators for (SinX)/X interpolation,
waveform inversion (INV), deskew (DSQ), and averaging (AVG).
These indicators have a long and short form, dependent on
available space in the title bar of the label:
Besides channel traces, math and parameter measurement
labels are also displayed. Labels are displayed only for traces
that are turned on.
The title bar of the Timebase label shows the trigger delay
setting. Time per division and sampling information is given below
the title bar. The timebase in use is indicated above the record
length as sequential (SEQ), coherent interleaved sampling (CIS)
or random interleaved sampling (RIS).
The title bar of the Trigger label shows the trigger source: direct,
prescale, or TDR. Below the title bar is given the mode (stop,
auto, or normal), level (0 mV), and slope (Positive).
Shown below the Timebase and Trigger labels is setup
information for horizontal cursors, including the time between
cursors and the frequency.
Trace Annotation
The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label, bearing your own text, to a
waveform display:
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Operator’s Manual
For each waveform, you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off. Also, you can
position them on the waveform by dragging or by specifying an exact horizontal position.
The labels are preserved when the waveform is saved as a LabNotebook entry and when saved to
file.
To Annotate a Waveform
1. Touch the waveform you want to annotate, then Set label... in the pop-up menu. A dialog
box opens in which to create the label.
If you are creating a label for the first time for this waveform, Label1 is displayed with
default text. If you are modifying an existing label, under Labels touch the label you want to
change.
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Note 1: If the dialog for the trace you want to annotate is currently displayed, you can touch the label button at
the bottom to display the Trace Annotation setup dialog.
Note 2: You may place a label anywhere you want on the waveform. Labels are numbered sequentially according to the
order in which they are added, and not according to their placement on the waveform.
2. If you want to change the label's text, touch inside the Label Text field. A pop-up keyboard
appears for you to enter your text. Touch O.K. on the keyboard when you are done. Your
edited text will automatically appear in the label on the waveform.
3. To place the label precisely, touch inside the Horizontal Pos. field and enter a horizontal
value, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
4. To add another label, touch the Add label button. To delete a label, select the label from
the list, then touch the Remove label button.
5. To make the labels visible, touch the View labels checkbox.
To Turn On a Channel Trace Label
Note: If you want to display each trace on its own grid automatically, enable Autogrid by touching Display in the menu bar,
then Autogrid in the drop-down menu.
y On the front panel, press a channel select button, such as , to display the trace label
for that input channel and turn on the channel.
y To turn on a math function trace, touch Math in the menu bar, then Math Setup... in the
drop-down menu. Touch the On checkbox for the trace you want to activate.
y You can also quickly create traces (and turn on the trace label) for math functions and
memory traces, without leaving the Vertical Adjust dialog, by touching the icons at the
bottom of the Vertical Adjust dialog:
, , , .
Whenever you turn on a channel, math, or memory trace via the menu bar at the top of the screen,
the dialog at the bottom of the screen automatically switches to the vertical setup or math setup
dialog for that selection. You can configure your traces from here, including math setups.
The channel number appears in the Vertical Adjust tab of the "Vertical Adjust" dialog, signifying
that all controls and data entry fields are dedicated to the selected trace.
Front Panel Controls
Front Panel Buttons and Knobs
The control buttons of the instrument's front panel are logically grouped into analog and special
functional areas. Analog functions are included in the Horizontal, Trigger, and Vertical groups of
control buttons and knobs.
Sometimes you may want to change a value without using the numeric keypad. In that case, simply
touch once inside the data entry field in the scope dialog area (the field will be highlighted in yellow),
then use the Adjust group of buttons and single knob to dial in values into the selected field.
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By default, the control knob makes coarse adjustments (that is, digits to the left of the decimal point).
Press the F
can also display a keypad by touching twice inside the data entry field.
INE button to adjust digits to the right of the decimal point. To enter exact values, you
Example Data Entry Field
Example Pop-up Numeric Keypad
Then use the keypad to type in the value. The SELECT button steps through a dialog from one
control to the next.
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Note: You can set the granularity (delta) of the coarse adjustment in two ways:
• By pressing and holding the Fine front panel button while turning the Adjust knob. In this case you can read the changing
delta in the data entry field that is selected:
• By double-tapping inside the data entry field, then touching the Advanced checkbox in the pop-up numeric keypad. The
keypad presents Coarse delta up/down buttons to set the delta:
In the pop-up keypad, be sure to leave the Fine checkbox unchecked to adjust the coarse delta.
Trigger
Knobs:
Level
Selects the trigger threshold level. The Level is indicated in the Trigger label:
Note: the trigger level control is only active in the sequential timebase when the
“Trigger” input on the front panel is being used
Trigger
Buttons:
Setup
Activates the trigger setup menu to select the trigger type and the trigger
conditions.
Stop
Prevents the scope from triggering on a signal. If you boot up the instrument with
the trigger in Stop mode, the message "no trace available" will be displayed. Press
Auto to display your trace.
Auto
Triggers the scope using the internal timebase if no trigger is present, or using the
selected trigger input if a trigger signal is present.
Normal
Triggers the scope only when a trigger signal is present at the selected trigger
input.
Single
Enables triggering on the selected trigger input until the selected waveform
memory is filled, after which the trigger is disabled.
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A
Horizontal
Knobs:
Delay
Time/Division
Horizontal
Buttons:
Zero
Calibrate Sets up the automatic calibration mode for the sampling strobes and TDR pulses.
Setup
Vertical
Knobs:
Offset
Volts/Div
Horizontally positions the scope trace on the display. The minimum setting is 12
ns in sequential mode and 0 ns in the CIS mode.
Sets the time/division of the scope timebase (acquisition system). The time scale
is adjusted from the left edge or the center of the display. This choice is made in
the Preferences menu. The default is the left edge of the screen.
Sets the horizontal delay to zero. The trigger point is positioned on the left edge of
the display. This button sets the delay to 12 ns (minimum) in Sequential mode.
Activates the TIMEBASE menu to allow you to select acquisition conditions,
including the sample mode, maximum memory length, etc.
Adjusts the vertical offset of a channel.
Adjusts the Volts/Division setting of the channel selected. Note that this function
operates as a zoom of the acquired trace because there are no gain or attenuation
functions within the sampling modules.
Channel
Buttons:
1, 2, 3, 4
Wavepilot
Control
Knobs:
Position
Zoom
46 WE-OM-E Rev A
Turns a channel on or off. These buttons activate the dialog that lets you change
the channel's setup conditions including coupling, gain, and offset. They are used
also to select multiple grids, to automatically set the gain (FIND SCALE), or to
automatically display a zoom of the signal. Press twice to toggle the trace on and
off. The Vertical dialog is context sensitive giving different setup choices for the
eye mode and oscilloscope modes.
djusts the horizontal position of a zoom trace on the display. The zoom region is
highlighted in color on the source trace.
Adjusts the horizontal zoom (magnification factor) of the selected zoom trace.
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Wave Expert
A
Position
Zoom
Wavepilot
Control
Buttons:
Reset
Math
Measure
Analysis
Quick Set
Buttons:
Scope
TDR
Eye
Special
Features
Buttons:
Adjusts the vertical position of the selected zoom trace on the display.
djusts the vertical zoom (magnification factor) of the selected zoom trace on the
display.
Resets the zoom factors.
Provides access to the Math setup dialog.
Provides access to the Measure setup dialog.
Provides access to the Analysis setup dialogs.
Takes the scope out of TDR or Eye mode.
Provides access to the TDR setup dialog and sets the scope to TDR mode.
Provides access to the Eye mode setup dialog and sets the scope to eye mode.
Auto Setup
Automatically sets the scope's horizontal timebase (acquisition system), vertical
gain and offset, as well as trigger conditions, to display a wide variety of signals.
Cursors
The center button calls up the "Standard Cursors" setup dialog. The other two
buttons control the placement of the cursors on your waveform.
Default Setup
Sets the scope's horizontal timebase (acquisition system), vertical gain and offset,
and trigger conditions to default settings.
Help
Displays the on-line Help manual. You can choose to receive control help, or to
search for the information you need using the Table of Contents and Index.
Control Help displays help for a particular button, menu item, data field, etc.
contained in the dialogs.
Save/Recall
Calls up the dialogs for saving and recalling waveforms and setups, and for disk
utilities.
Analog
Persist
WE-OM-E Rev A 47
Provides a three dimensional view of the signal: time, voltage, and a third
dimension related to the frequency of occurrence, as shown by a color-graded
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(thermal) or intensity-graded display.
QuickZoom
General
Control
Buttons:
Print Screen
Utilities
Touch Screen
(toggle switch)
Clear Sweeps
STANDBY
Lamp:
Automatically displays magnified views of up to four signal inputs on multiple
grids. With four input signals, the signals are displayed along with four zoom
traces, each on its own grid. This button turns off all other traces.
Prints the displayed screen to a file, a printer, the clipboard, or attaches it as an
e-mail. Select the device and format it in the Utilities --> Hardcopy dialog.
For setup of scope features including hardcopy devices and formats, date and
time, and remote control interfaces, etc.; or for checking status, options, etc..
Activates or deactivates the touch screen.
Clears data from multiple sweeps (acquisitions) including: persistence trace
displays, averaged traces, parameter statistics, and Histicons. During waveform
readout, cancels readout.
The STANDBY lamp indicates when the scope has placed itself in standby mode.
In this mode, current settings are retained.
On-screen Toolbars, Icons, and Dialog Boxes
Menu Bar Buttons
The menu bar buttons at the top of the scope's display are designed for quick setup of common
functions. At the right end of the menu bar is a quick setup button that, when touched, opens the
setup dialog associated with the trace or parameter named beside it. The named trace or
parameter is the one whose setup dialog you last opened:
.
This button also appears as an undo button
UICKZOOM are pressed. If you want to perform an Undo operation, it must be the very next
Q
operation after you perform the Autosetup or QuickZoom operation.
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Many of the menu bar buttons give you access to the same functions as do the front panel buttons.
Refer to this Table of Equivalent Functions.
Display Buttons Front Panel Push Buttons
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(icon in Channels
dialog
zooms one trace)
(then TDR button)
(then Eye button)
(then Utilities
Setup...)
Dialog Boxes
(zooms all displayed traces)
The dialog area occupies the bottom one-third of the screen. To expand the signal display area,
you can minimize each dialog box by touching the Close tab at the right of the dialog box.
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Screen Layout
The instrument's screen is divided into three areas:
y menu bar
y signal display area
y dialog area
Menu Bar
The top of the screen contains a toolbar of commonly used functions. Whenever you touch one of
these buttons, the dialog area at the bottom of the screen switches to show the setup for that
function.
Signal Display Grid
You can set up the signal display area by touching
in the toolbar, then the
tab. The display dialog offers a choice of grid combinations and a means to set the grid intensity.
Dialog Area
The lower portion is where you make selections and input data. The dialog area is controlled by
both toolbar touch buttons and front panel push buttons. Similarities between functions are shown
in the Table of Equivalent Functions above.
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INSTALLATION
Hardware
Instrument Rear Panel
(1) Mouse; (2) Keyboard; (3) USB Port; (4) USB Port; (5) Centronics Port; (6) External VGA Monitor; (7) RS-232-C
Port; (8) Ethernet Port; (9) USB Port; (10) USB Port; (11) Line In; (12) Speakers; (13) Microphone; (14) Ground
Connector; (15) Gated Trigger Input with Grounded EMI Shield installed (required when port is not in use)
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Software
Checking the Scope Status
To find out the scope's software and hardware configuration, including software version and
installed options, proceed as follows:
1. In the menu bar, touch .
2. Touch the tab.
You can find information related to hard drive memory, etc. as follows:
1. Minimize the instrument application by touching , then selecting Minimize in the
drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Start taskbar button and, per usual Windows® operation, open Windows
Explorer.
Default Settings
You can reset the scope to default settings by simply pressing the DEFAULT SETUP push button on
the front panel. This feature turns on Channel1 and Channel 2, with no processing enabled.
Other default settings are as follows:
Vertical Timebase Trigger
100 mV/div 1.00 ns/div Prescale
0 V offset 1.0 KS, -12 ns delay
Sequential acquisition Auto trigger mode
Adding a New Option
To add a software option you need a key code to enable the option. Call LeCroy Customer Support
to place an order and receive the code.
To add the software option do the following:
1. In the menu bar, touch
2. In the dialog area, touch the
3. Touch
.
4. Use the pop-up keyboard to type the key code. Touch O.K. on the keyboard to enter the
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.
tab.
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information.
5. The name of the feature you just installed is shown below the list of key codes. You can use
the scroll buttons to see the name of the option installed with each key code listed:
The full array of installed software and hardware options is displayed on the left side of the
dialog:
Restoring Software
Restarting the Application
Upon initial power-up, the scope will load the instrument application software automatically. If you
exit the application and want to reload it, touch the shortcut icon on the desktop:
.
If you minimize the application, touch the appropriate task bar or desktop icon to maximize it:
.
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Restarting the Operating System
If you need to restart the Windows® operating system, you will have to reboot the scope by
pressing and holding in the power switch for 10 seconds, then turning the power back on.
Removable Hard Drive
The removable hard drive option replaces the standard internal hard drive with a removable hard
drive that is installed at the rear of the scope, in the slot normally occupied by the CD-ROM drive.
The kit includes two hard drives, which can be used interchangeably. It also includes a USB
CD-ROM for loading of new software.
Caution! The Removable Hard Drive Is Not Hot-swappable
To avoid damage to the drive or the oscilloscope, shut off power to the oscilloscope before
you insert or remove the hard drive. Ensure that the protective cover is installed over the
drive at all times.
Proper Orientation of Drive
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Protective Cover
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CONNECTING TO A SIGNAL
Electrical Modules
The sampling modules are equipped with RF connectors of different types depending on the
bandwidth of the particular module, as indicated in the table below. The modules have male
connectors, and each module is shipped with a female-to-female adapter that matches the
connector type. This adapter should be attached to the module whenever possible, as it will protect
the connector on the module from possible damage caused by incorrect threading of cables or
connectors.
The connector types on the modules are named according to the inside diameter of their outer
conductor. This diameter must be matched within any connectors or cables attached to the module
in order to maintain the specified bandwidth.
Module Bandwidth Connector Type
ST-20 20 GHz 2.92 mm
SE-30 30 GHz 2.92 mm
SE-50 50 GHz 2.40 mm
SE-70 70 GHz 1.85 mm
SE-100 100 GHz 1 mm
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Connector Torque
In order to maintain bandwidth performance and minimize loss, connections to the instrument
modules should be torqued to the appropriate tightness. The connectors all have standard 3/8 inch
nuts on them and should be torqued to 8 in-lbs. using an appropriate torque wrench. The 100 GHz
module has a unique connector that requires a smaller torque value of 4 in-lbs. This module is
supplied with the appropriate torque wrench.
Optical Modules
Several optical modules are also available for use with the WaveExpert mainframe. The modules
are outlined in the table below. Optical modules are available in single-mode and multimode
configurations. The single-mode modules are designed to operate over wavelengths in the 1280 to
1620 nm range, while the multimode module covers the 750 to 1620 nm range. Single-mode and
multimode fibers are characterized by different diameters. Multimode fiber, as its name implies,
allows many “modes” or group velocities to propagate, while single-mode allows only one. The
diameter of multi-mode fiber is much larger than that of single-mode fiber (50 to 62.5 nm vs. 9.5 nm)
so connecting a multimode fiber to a single-mode one will result in a large amount of signal
attenuation caused by the difference in area of the connector faces. Since the energy in a
multimode signal is spread out into the many modes propagating in the fiber, at the boundary with
the single-mode fiber only one of these modes will pass through.
Module Wavelength Range Fiber Type Fiber Diameter
SO50 1280-1620 nm Single mode 10 µm
SO25 1280-1620 nm Single mode 10 µm
SO10 750-1650 nm Multimode 62.5 µm
Single-mode fiber has a narrow core diameter that allows only one mode to propagate. This type of fiber is very
low loss, so it is the choice for long-haul com munications.
Multimode fiber has a much wider core diameter that allows many modes to propagate. This type of fiber has
higher loss, but is less costly, is easier to work with, and is the choice for LAN and other short-haul applications.
The optical modules come standard with an FC-PC connector, and adapters are available for a
variety of other optical connector types. Adapters can be easily swapped on the optical module
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front panel by pressing the release latch on the bottom of the connector while pulling on it. The
exposed fiber end can be cleaned using alcohol and/or an optical fiber cleaner.
Module Extender
The ME-15 Module Extender provides added flexibility to the WaveExpert oscilloscope. By means
of its 1.5 m cable, the module extender allows you to connect an electrical module to a device under
test (DUT) that is not in immediate proximity to the instrument.
ME-15 Module Extender inserted into channel 1 slot of WaveExpert oscilloscope
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Electrical Module connected at far end of extender cable
Each time the ME-15 Module Extender is connected, it must be calibrated from the Pod Info dialog
by touching the Calibrate button:
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SAMPLING MODES
There are two sampling modes available on Wave Expert 100H when option WE-HCIS is ordered.
The standard sampling mode is sequential (SEQ) and the optional mode is CIS. The sequential or
WE-CIS timebase is similar to traditional sampling scopes. The CIS timebase offers powerful
capabilities for measuring high speed serial data signals and setting it up is different from the more
traditional sequential timebase.
To select a sampling mode
1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. In the "Horizontal" dialog, touch a Sample Mode button. The CIS mode includes several
settings that must be made.
Timebase controls
• Signal Standard - this control selects the signal standard being tested. The signal
standard selects the compliance mask that will be used in eye mode and sets the
bit rate control when the CIS timebase is being used.
• Bit Rate (CIS timebase only) – This control sets the bit rate of the signal under test.
The rate can be entered directly or set by the signal standard. The Find Rate
button is used to lock the timebase automatically to the clock signal applied to the
Prescale input. It is recommended that the Find Rate button always be used to set
the timebase.
• Ext. Divider (CIS timebase only) – this control allows sub rate clock signals to be
used at the Prescale input. The number in this control is the ratio of the bit rate to
the applied clock. For example, if a 1/8
the value 8 must be entered into the Ext. Divider contol. The Input Clk Rate readout
shows the frequency of the applied clock while the Bit Rate contol sets the bit rate
of the signal under test.
• Std. Pattern (CIS timebase only) - When a pattern locked waveform is required,
touch this control and select the standard pattern from the list. Selecting “Custom”
from the list allows an arbitrary length to be used. The available memory restricts
the maximum length that can be used. The amount of memory required is equal to
the pattern length x samples/UI. The following choices are available:
o 10.
o 20.
th
rate clock is applied to the Prescale input,
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o 40.
o PRBS5.
o PRBS7.
o PRBS9.
o PRBS10.
o PRBS11.
o PRBS15.
o PRBS23.
o PCIe Compl.
o FC CJPAT.
o FC CRPAT.
o Custom.
• Pat. Length (CIS timebase only) – this control is active only when “Custom” is
selected in from the standard pattern list. Enter the desired pattern length in this
control. A value of 1 in this control can be used to view eye patterns on signals
without repeating patterns.
• PLL Bandwidth (CIS timebase only) – Sets the loop bandwidth of the sampling
clock phase locked loop. The low setting results in a loop bandwidth of 10 KHz and
timebase jitter of 210 fs while the high setting results in a loop bandwidth of 1 MHz
and 500 fs timebase jitter.
• Max Samples (CIS timebase only) – Sets the maximum memory available for
waveform capture. This control is used to prevent inadvertently setting the
timebase to a very long size when turning the time/div knob as long acquisitions
can require several minutes to complete. The Max. Samples control setting affects
the standard pattern length that can be selected; only those that are compatible
with the available memory can be used.
• Samples/UI (CIS timebase only) – Sets the number of samples per bit or UI. The
choices available are 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 and 2048.
Note: In some cases, the Low setting will result in an apparent increase in the observed jitter in the signal under
test. This is because the lower jitter in the timebase allows more of the low frequency jitter in the signal under test
to be visible.
Sequential Sampling Mode
The standard mode for sampling the signal is through a technique known as sequential sampling.
In this mode, a trigger signal applied to either the trigger or prescale inputs on the scope front panel
is used to start the timebase. Once started, the timebase waits for a minimum amount of time
before generating the sampling strobe that causes the sampling modules each to take one voltage
sample. On each subsequent trigger, the sampling strobe is taken at a time slightly longer than the
previous sample after the timebase. The delay difference between each subsequent sample is
controlled by the time/division and record length settings.
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Coherent Interleaved Sampling Mode
The coherent interleaved sampling (CIS) mode is available with option WE-HCIS and uses the
signal applied to the CLK/Prescale input as a reference for an internal with options WE-CIS and
WE-HCIS phase locked loop (PLL). The PLL generates a sampling strobe at a nominal 10 MHz rate
that is phase locked to the trigger signal. The PLL operates in a fractional-N mode, so the sampling
strobe is not an integer sub-multiple of the bit rate. Instead, the sampling rate is set so that the
sample point shifts by a fraction of a unit interval for successive sample. This fraction is set by the
Samples/UI control.
When the instrument is in CIS mode, the colored dot indicator in the Timebase label has the
following meanings
Green -- The timebase is locked.
Red -- The timebase is not locked. The dot turns
red when the bit rate is set incorrectly or when
the settings are incompatible with CIS mode.
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VERTICAL SETTINGS AND CHANNEL CONTROLS
Adjusting Sensitivity and Position
To Adjust Sensitivity
1. Press the appropriate channel push button, for example
touch Vertical in the menu bar, then Channel 1 in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch inside the Trace On checkbox to display the trace.
3. Turn the volts per division knob for the selected channel.
Or you can touch inside the Volts/Div field and type in a value using the pop-up keypad, or
use the up/down arrows.
4. The voltage that you set is displayed in the trace descriptor label and in the Volts/Div field.
To Adjust the Waveform's Position
Turn the vertical offset adjust knob directly above the channel button whose waveform you want to
move vertically.
to turn on channel 1. Or
Or you can touch inside the Offset field and type in a value on the pop-up keypad. To set the
vertical offset to zero, touch the Zero Offset button directly below the Offset field.
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Probe Attenuation
To Set Probe Attenuation
In some cases, external attenuation may be used in from of the channel input connector. The Probe
Atten control can be used to enter the amount of external attenuation so that the proper signal level
is indicated on the instrument.
1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical, then select a channel from the drop-down menu.
2. Touch inside the Probe Atten. field. Touch a divide-by menu selection or touch Var
(variable). If you choose Var, type in a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
Linear and (SinX)/X Interpolation
Wave Expert acquires a signal in equivalent time sampling mode, so the effective sampling rate is
very high. For example, a 10 Gb/s signal with 1024 samples/UI will have a sample spacing
equivalent to a 10 THz sampling rate. Normally, interpolation would never be needed. In some
cases when a lower number of samples per bit are acquired, interpolation is helpful to view the
signal. Selecting SinX interpolation adds 10 samples in between the acquired points using sinx/x
interpolation. The default, linear interpolation does not add any additional samples.
To Set Up Interpolation
1. Touch the button for the channel you want to set up,
for example.
2. In the dialog area, touch inside the Interpolation data entry field under Pre-Processing.
"Pre-Processing" means before Math processing.
3. Touch inside the Interpolation data entry field. A pop-up menu appears offering Linear or
Sinx/x interpolation.
4. Touch the button for the type of interpolation you want.
Inverting Waveforms
Touch the Invert checkbox to invert the waveform for the selected channel.
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QuickZoom
QuickZoom automatically displays a zoom of the channel or trace on a new grid.
To Turn On a Zoom
Touch the Zoom button
in the channel dialog.
Finding Scale
You can access the Find Scale button from the channel setup dialog. This feature automatically
calculates peak-to-peak voltage, and chooses an appropriate Volts/Div scale to fully display the
waveform.
To Use Find Scale
1. Touch the trace label for the waveform you desire.
2. Touch the Find Scale icon.
Variable Gain
Variable Gain lets you change the granularity with which the gain is incremented. For example,
when Variable Gain is disabled, the gain will increase or decrease in preset increments of 10 or
100 mV each time you touch the Up/Down buttons.
However, when Variable Gain is enabled, you can increase or decrease the gain in increments as
small as 1 mV, depending on the scale of the waveform.
To Enable Variable Gain
1. Touch the descriptor label for the waveform whose gain you want to vary.
2. Touch the Variable Gain check box.
Channel Deskew
Unlike the Deskew math function, channel Deskew does no resampling, but instead adjusts the
horizontal offset by the amount that you enter. The valid range is dependent on the current
timebase +/- 9 divisions.
To Set Up Channel Deskew
1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical; from the drop-down menu, select a channel to set up.
2. Touch inside the Deskew data entry field and enter a value using the pop-up numeric
keypad.
Dark Calibration
The Dark Cal Level is the residual power measured by the optical head with no input applied (dark
input), and is used only by the extinction ratio measurement. The dark calibration is independent of
what type of module is connected to the selected channel, so an external optical-to-electrical
converter can be compensated.
To perform dark calibration
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1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical, then select a channel from the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Dark Cal button
.
3. A dialog box will appear instructing you to disconnect any optical signal from the channel.
Touch the Start Dark Calibration button when this is done.
4. Dark calibration will be performed, and the dark level will appear in the Dark Cal Level
field.
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TIMEBASE AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM
Autosetup
The autosetup function operates differently depending upon the operating mode of the instrument.
The functions included in autosetup are vertical scaling, setting the bit rate of the signal under
test ,and setting the horizontal scale.
You can perform an autosetup of all these functions together by simply pressing A
front panel, or by touching Autosetup
drop-down menu. The autosetup operates in the following way for each operating mode:
Scope Mode
Eye Mode
TDR Mode
Sets the vertical scale to 120% of the signal amplitude, finds the bit rate, and sets
the horizontal scale to 1 UI per division (UI = 1/bit rate).
Sets the vertical scale to 120% of the signal amplitude, finds the bit rate, sets the
horizontal scale to 1.66 unit intervals (0.166 UI/division), and sets the UI offset to 0.
Sets the selected channel to average mode (32 sweeps), the horizontal scale to
100 ps/division, and the trigger to TDR mode (free running)
in the Vertical, Timebase, or Trigger
UTO SETUP on the
Timebase Setup and Control
Set up the timebase by using the front panel Horizontal controls, just as for analog scopes. The
timebase in a sampling oscilloscope such as the WaveExpert is controlled by the trigger signal.
Therefore, the sampling rate is set by the trigger signal frequency and is limited by the maximum
acquisition rate of approximately 500 kS/s in Sequential mode. The sampling rate is fixed at 10
MS/s in CIS mode. Adjusting the horizontal scale control varies the amount of waveform memory
used by the acquisition system.
Touch Timebase in the menu bar and then Horizontal Setup… in the drop-down menu to display
the "Horizontal" menu. The menu consists of 4 sections.
Operation Modes
Operation Modes
The Operation Mode section contains three buttons, which are also available on the instrument
front panel in the Quick Set control group. Each mode affects the horizontal and vertical menus, as
well as the display mode, as appropriate for the selected mode of operation.
Scope Mode
Scope mode is selected by touching the Scope button in the "Horizontal" menu or by pressing the
Scope button on the instrument front panel in the Quick Set control group. The scope mode
displays waveform data directly on the screen either as a voltage vs. time waveform or as an eye
pattern, depending upon the trigger type and sampling mode.
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Eye Mode
Eye Mode is selected by touching the Eye button in the "Horizontal" menu, or by pressing the Eye
button on the instrument front panel in the Quick Setup group. When in Eye mode, all channels in
the instrument are set to display the eye pattern of their respective signals. Up to four eye patterns
sharing the same timebase can be displayed. The horizontal menu changes to reflect the unique
functions in the eye mode:
The sample mode control can be set to SEQ or CIS if option WE-HCIS is installed. The controls in
the horizontal have the following functions in the eye mode.
1. Set the horizontal scale by entering the value in the Time/Division field. The up and down
arrows increment or decrement the number of UI in steps as fine as 0.5 ps. Note that in the
CIS mode, when installed, the maximum horizontal scale is limited to 10 UI.
2. Position the eye pattern in the screen by setting the Delay value. A positive setting for the
delay moves the eye diagram to the left on the screen and a negative value moves the eye
pattern to the right. The eye pattern is centered on the screen both vertically and
horizontally using the “autosetup” function. Once the auto setup is executed, the eye
should be displayed with the crossing points at divisions 2 and 8 and the logical high and
low levels at vertical divisions 2.5 and – 2.5.
3. The Max Samples control, in general, has no impact on the acquisition in eye mode with
the sequential timebase. The value in this control should be set higher than the number of
of samples in the horizontal descriptor box, however. When the CIS timebase is being used,
the Max Samples control is unavailable.
4. Select Time or Bits by touching the appropriate button in the menu. The selected scale
factor is applied to all measurements on the eye patterns (i.e., UI for Bits and ps for Time).
5. Select the signal standard being measured in the Signal Standard field. The signal
standard sets the value in the Bit Rate field and loads any eye pattern masks associated
with the standard. The specific mask is selected and enabled in the vertical menu for the
selected channel. Note that autosetup is required to configure the instrument for eye
pattern measurements on the specific signal being tested.
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ρ
TDR Mode
TDR mode is selected by touching the TDR button in the "Horizontal" menu or by pressing the TDR
button on the instrument front panel in the Quick Set control group. This displays the TDR menu tab
that appears with the "Horizontal" menu. The acquisition mode is set to Sequential and waveform
averaging is enabled (32 sweeps). The "TDR Main" menu provides access to control of the TDR
step generators in the ST-20 sampling modules. Only channels that contain ST-20 modules are
capable of generating a TDR step. Channels containing other modules or no module will be
indicated in the menu with the designation: “Pod has no TDR capabilities” or “Pod is missing.”
V (volts)
ρ (reflectance)
Ω (impedance)
jX (reactance)
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Displays the sum of the incident and reflected voltages at the sampling diode
within the sampling head.
The vertical scale is the reflection coefficient: V
perfectly matched load with no reflection) to 1 (an open circuit with 100%
reflection).
The vertical scale is the characteristic impedance of the network connected to
the TDR head. The impedance is determined from the reflectance using the
relationship
()
+
1
=
ZZ
0
()
ρ
−
1
The display is scaled in volts and parameter P1 indicates the reactance
(capacitive or inductive) of the section of the trace between the cursors. The
cursors are turned on automatically when jX is selected. The reactance is
determined by integrating the voltage between the cursors. A negative area
results from the capacitive reactance and a positive area from an inductive one.
The reactance is computed from
reflected/Vincident
. varies from 0 (a
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2
t
1
=
∫
2
1
t
for inductance, and
t
2
1
C
=
∫
2
t
1
for capacitance. Note that the reactance values are only approximate and do not
take into account the affect of multiple reflections from impedance mismatches
before the section being measured.
TDR mode allows you to measure time domain reflectometry (TDR) and time domain transmission
(TDT) parameters to characterize the signal integrity of your device under test (DUT). TDR/TDT
mode measurements are made either for Single-ended or Differential measurements, using an
ST-20 (20 GHz TDR module) in any scope channel.
Differential measurements involve a deskew process to adjust the skew between the
simultaneously generated steps from two TDR modules. This enables true differential
measurements of the DUT.
The TDR main menu allows you to select the channels used and to control the Rise Time of the
reflected pulse from the DUT. A calibration wizard guides you through the calibration process, for
either single-ended or differential devices, to make TDR and TDT measurements.
)(
dttZL
1
dt
tZ
)(
The calibrated trace, also referred to as the Normalized trace, can then be adjusted in the TDR
Normalization dialog where you can select the measurement format, either Impedance or
S-parameter, and adjust the display of the measured parameter.
Cursors can be used to verify the impedance, voltage, and reflection of a selected point on the
waveform trace. TDR/TDT cursors are displayed by turning on cursors from the menu bar. The
Y-axis markers will then track the waveform at the position determined by the X-axis marker. (See
“Measuring with Cursors” in the WaveExpert Operator’s Manual.)
Required Equipment
• ST-20 module for Single-ended TDR measurements
• Two ST-20 modules for Differential TDR or Single-ended TDT measurements
• Four ST-20 modules for differential TDT
• Calibration kit, which contains precision 50 ohm standards (Short, Load) for calibrated TDR
and S-parameter measurements (CALKIT-OSL)
• Either 2.92 mm (K-type) or 3.5 mm cables to connect to the DUT
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TDR Measurement Procedure
1. Press the TDR button in the “Quick Set” group of buttons on the front panel. TDR mode can
also be accessed through the timebase menu, and then by selecting TDR from the list of modes.
This brings up the menu shown in the following figure.
TDR main menu
2. Insert the ST-20 modules into the corresponding channel slots that you want to use for the
measurement.
3. The channels containing the ST-20 modules are automatically active in the TDR menu.
Clicking the On checkbox next to the channels will activate the Step TDR pulse from that
channel:
TDR Pulses from Channels 1 and 2 on the WaveExpert
Calibrating Modules
Calibration of the modules is required to make valid TDR measurements. The calibration procedure
adjusts the amplitude and rise time of the step pulse generated by the TDR module. Module
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calibration is available as part of the Calibration feature in TDR mode, which also handles the TDR
impedance calibration for the measurement setup.
Single-ended TDR measurements can be made by adjusting the acquisition window, such that the
entire time domain response of the DUT is captured on the screen. This can be tested by
connecting the channels to the input of the DUT, while leaving the output end either open or
connected to a short, then adjusting the timebase such that the Open or Short response at the
output of the DUT is also visible on screen.
Number of points in TDR mode can be selected by the “Max Sample Points” control in the
Horizontal dialog. More points results in better time domain resolution for quantifying device
discontinuities, albeit limited by the rise time of the step pulse. Given the 20 ps rise time of the TDR
step generator, sufficient resolution must be used in the acquisition system. A time resolution of 2
ps per samples or less is recommended.
Differential TDR measurements will require at least two channels to be selected and turned ON in
the TDR setup menu. The two channels need to be deskewed to make accurate differential
measurements of the DUT, as described in the next section..
Once the channels are deskewed, a Differential TDR measurement can be made by selecting the
Difference math function to subtract the responses of the two individual channels to produce a
differential response. When making an Impedance measurement, the two individual impedance
traces must be added by selecting the Sum math function to calculate the Differential Impedance
response. Refer to “Waveform Math” in the WaveExpert Operator’s Manual. The differential
response is automatically calculated if a differential Reference Plane calibration is performed, in
which case you can skip this step. See Reference Plane Calibration section.
Math setup dialog
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Deskewing Channels for Differential Measurement
The TDR Deskew Wizard is accessed by means of the Deskew Channels selection in the TDR
Main dialog. The deskew process adjusts the sampling and step skew between the two channels
being used for the Differential TDR measurement.
Caution
To prevent damage to module and DUT connections, rotate the male threaded connectors,
leaving the female connectors stationary, when connecting cables to the modules and to
the DUT. Use a torque wrench set to 8 lb.-in. (0.90 Nm).
1. With the ST-20 modules inserted into their channel slots, touch the Deskew Channels
button. the TDR Deskew Wizard opens. The initial TDR wizard menu provides a choice of
automatic adjustment. Select this control to allow he insrument to automatically perform he
deskew. The next step in the procedure for either automatic or manual adjustment instructs
the user to connect the channels together. It is most convenient to connect the cable ends
at the reference plane that will be connected to the DUT together using an adaptor. This
way, the cables can remain on the scope channels throughout the process.
Note: As you perform the Deskew operation, a progress bar lets you know where you are in the
procedure with each new pop-up window.
2. Touch inside the “Port-“ field to highlight it and, using the pop-up keypad, adjust the skew to
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obtain a value of 0 ps. If manual mode is selected, you will be presented with a control
menu where the skew is manually adjusted. Touch Next> when the Skew is 0 ps.
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Note: An easier way to adjust the value is to close the pop-up keypad and, with the “Port-“ field highlighted, turn the front
panel ADJUST knob to set the value.
3. In the manual deskew mode, adjust the “Channel Skew” to obtain a reading of 0 ps. Touch
Next> when the Skew is 0 ps.
4. The next step in the manual deskew procedure requires you to remove the cable
connecting the two modules, and to connect to the modules the two cables that will be
connected to the DUT. The free ends of the cables will be left unconnected at this time.
Touch Next> when ready.
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5. Again select “Port-“ and adjust the skew to 0 ps. When 0 ps is achieved, touch Next>.
6. This concludes the deskew procedure. Touch Finish.
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Reference Plane Calibration
Wave Expert
Impedance measurements often involve cables, test fixtures, adapters etc. to connect to the test
device. The incident step pulse to the device is reduced in amplitude due to the reflections from
these components, degrading the accuracy of impedance measurements.
Reflections can be calibrated out of the measurements, using the Calibration function in the TDR
dialog. A 3.5 mm coaxial calibration kit is available for calibrating connectorized applications.
1. Touch the Calibrate button in the TDR dialog to open the TDR Calibration Wizard.
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TDR Main dialog
2. The first step in the process is to calibrate the amplitude of the TDR modules. Be sure to
disconnect any signals (cables may remain in place) from the modules before you touch
Calibrate Modules. You may choose to skip this step if previously performed through the
channel menu.
3. Connect the DUT to the TDR modules, then touch Next>.
4. The calibration setup menu allows you to select the type of device (Single-ended or
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Differential), number of ports (one or two), and the calibration method (SL(T) or OSL(T)).
5. Adjust the horizontal position knob such that the second step reflection is within the first
two horizontal divisions. Adjust the horizontal scale and position to display the entire
response of the DUT. To ensure the response of the DUT is captured, connect a Short to
the end of the DUT and adjust the timebase such that the Short measurement is visible
within the window of interest. Press the Set Default Timebase Settings control to preset
the resolution and time length to the default settings. These settings are optimum for a
broad range of devices. The default settings are : 40 Ks, 2 ns/div, and 500 fs/sample.
6. Select the Calibration kit that will be used for the calibration. A custom calibration kit can be
created for PCB-based standards by entering in the coefficients for the Short, Open, and
Load standards.
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7. Remove the DUT from the setup to perform a calibration at the input plane of the DUT. This
is referred to as the REFERENCE PLANE, or the t=0 position. Follow the instructions on
the screen (shown in figure below) to connect each of the required precision components
(Short, 50Ω) for the calibration.
8. Once the calibration is performed, a Normalized trace (blue) is displayed on the screen.
The reference plane (t=0) is represented by a cursor line:
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Calibrated trace
Wave Expert
TDR rise time control
9. Reconnect the DUT to measure the Impedance response, now designated by the blue
Normalized trace.
10. Cursor marker and zoom functions can be used on the normalized trace to view the DUT’s
response.
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11. The rise time control allows impedance measurements with specific rise times. Generally,
increasing the rise time will reduce the impedance variations measured on the instrument
display. The rise time can be set from 20 ps to 10 ns.
S-parameters
S-parameters (Scattering parameters) are ratios of power that represent the frequency
performance of a device. Due to the advent of high data rates in serial applications, S-parameters
have become a common specification, in addition to Jitter, for characterizing performance of serial
networks. Typical S-parameter terms include Return Loss, Insertion Loss, and Crosstalk.
S-parameters on the WaveExpert are obtained by applying an FFT to the TDR data to convert the
time response of a device into its frequency response. The calibration process compensates the
measured traces for any imperfections in the TDR system including the cables and connectors
between the instrument and the DUT.
Single-Ended S-parameters
S-parameters are depicted as S
, which denotes the ratio of power at output port x, when an input
xy
signal is applied at port y.
For example, a one-port single-ended device has only one S-parameter, S
where S
= b1/a1 — ratio of output signal (b1) at port 1 when an input stimulus (a1) is
11
11
applied to port 1, which in time-domain representation is the TDR at port 1 of the device.
All input signals to a test port are designated “a”, and all output signals at a port are designated “b”.
Similarly, for a two-port single-ended network, there are a total of four S-parameters (see figure
above):
S
= b1/a1 (Return Loss at Port 1)
11
S
= b2/a1 (Insertion Loss of signal from port 1 to port 2)
21
= b1/a2 (Reverse Insertion Loss from port 2 to port 1)
S
12
S
= b2/a2 (Reverse Return Loss)
22
Balanced (Differential & Common mode) S-parameters
In cases of balanced devices, the stimulus is made up of two ports carrying either common signals
(in-phase stimulus) or Differential Signals (out-of-phase stimulus). The ideal mode of operation is to
pass all Differential data, while rejecting all common-mode signals.
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A Differential TDR measurement on a 1-port device is denoted by
Similarly the Differential S-parameters of a 2-port differential device are given by:
(Differential Port 1 Return Loss)
S
DD11
S
(Differential Reverse Transmission Loss)
DD12
S
(Differential Forward transmission Loss)
DD21
S
(Differential Port 2 Return Loss)
DD22
Making S-parameter Measurements
A calibration must be performed to enable S-parameter measurements selection. Refer to
“Reference Plane Calibration” for the calibration procedure.
S-parameter measurements are accessible through the Normalized trace menu:
Measurement selections under the TDR Normalization tab. Normalized trace can be displayed either
as Impedance or the corresponding S-parameter.
Depending on the type of calibration (Single-ended or Differential) and number of ports (one or two),
the corresponding s-parameters appear as selections under the TDR Normalization tab.
S-parameters are displayed in decibels (dB) over a 20 GHz frequency range, internally set by the
measurement. The trace can be adjusted using the features available in the ZOOM menu.
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Saving s-parameters to a file
The measured s-parameters can be stored to a file that can be used by simulations and other
software. The file format is called "Touchstone" and has the extension "sNp" where the letter N
refers to the number of ports in the measurement. The file is ASCII text containing the
measurements along with some header information. This file can be used directly by the Virtual
Probe in the Eye Doctor software to simulates system responses. The use of s-parameter files is
explained in more detail in the Eye Doctor operators manual.
Saving S-parameter data
1. touch the control under S Parameters (S1P S2P format) and enter the desired file name
2. touch the Browse button to set the directory in which the file will be stored.
3. to save the common mode response, select either SCC11, SCC12, SCC21, or SCC22 in the
Measurement control or to save the differential mode response select SDD11, SDD12, SDD21 or
SDD22 in the Measurement control
4. touch the Save button
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Saving the calibration data
The calibrations can be saved on the hard disk in the instrument. Generally, as long as the same
cables, connectors, and sampling modules are used, the calibrations can be re-used. Note that the
module calibration ( in the channel menu) is required whenever the instrument is powered up even
if you are using stored TDR calibrations. In addition to the calibrations coefficients, the deskew and
time base settings are also stored.
1. Enter the desired file name in the Calibration Data control.
2. touch the Browse button to select the directory in which to store the calibrations
3. touch the Save button
to recall calibration
1. touch the Calibrate button in any one of the channel menus if the instrument has been turned on
2. touch the Browse button and select the desired file name
3. touch the Recall button
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S-parameter measurement
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TRIGGERING
Trigger Setup
Trigger Setup Considerations
Wave Expert
Trigger Modes
Auto mode causes the scope to sweep even without a trigger. When there is no trigger signal
present at the selected trigger input, the internal clock generates a sampling strobe at a rate of 1M
samples per second when the sequential timebase is selected and 10 MS/s when the CIS timebase
is selected (if available).
In Normal mode, the scope acquires data only when a trigger signal is present at the selected
trigger input. Otherwise, it continues to display the last acquired waveform.
In Single mode, the scope will acquire data if a trigger signal is present at the selected trigger input.
The scope acquires one sample per trigger in sequential mode until the number of samples
indicated in the horizontal descriptor box has been acquired; then the acquisition stops. When the
CIS timebase is selected (if available), the selected number of samples is acquired at a 10 MHz
sampling rate before the acquisition stops.
Stop mode inhibits all acquisitions until you select one of the other three modes.
Trigger Types
The triggers available to you are defined as follows:
Direct trigger. This button selects the Trigger input on the instrument front panel as the
timebase trigger. The trigger signal is DC coupled and includes slope and level
controls. The Trigger input will respond to trigger signals up to 5 GHz. This input is also
used for the CIS timebase only for trigger signals below 125 MHz rate.
This button selects the Prescale input on the instrument front panel as the trigger signal
for the timebase. The prescale input is AC coupled and has no level or slope controls.
This is also the clock input for the CIS timebase for clock rates above 125 MHz. The
Prescale input responds to clock and trigger signals up to 14 GHz
The TDR trigger is an internal, free-running clock that is used to drive the TDR step
generator in the ST-20 module at the same time as the sampling strobe. This button
cannot be selected in the trigger menu; rather, it is activated when the TDR mode is
selected in the timebase "Horizontal" menu.
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Trigger Gate
When operating in sequential (SEQ) trigger mode, the WaveExpert oscilloscope allows you to gate
the trigger input at the front of the instrument with an external TTL level trigger. Trigger Gate
disables the trigger input when "true," i.e., low (below 0.8 V).
To use this feature, you must check the Trigger Gate checkbox in the Trigger dialog:
The Trigger Gate input is located at the rear of the instrument:
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Determining Trigger Level, Slope, Source, and Coupling
Level -- Defines the voltage at which the trigger circuit will generate an event and cause a sampling
strobe to be generated. This control is only available when the Trigger source is selected.
Coupling -- The Trigger input is DC coupled with a 50W load. The Prescale input is AC coupled
with a nominal 50W load
Slope -- Determines the direction of the trigger voltage transition used for generating a particular
trigger event. You can choose a positive or negative slope. This control is only available when the
Trigger input is selected.
Control Edge Triggering
Horizontal: Turn the Delay knob in the HORIZONTAL control group to adjust the trigger's
horizontal position. Or, touch inside the Delay field in the timebase setup dialog and enter a value,
using the pop-up keypad.
The trigger location is shown by a marker
Post-trigger delay is indicated by a left-pointing arrow
below the grid.
below-left of the grid. Since the
sampling system does not acquire data until a trigger signal is present, the delay can never be
positive. The minimum delay for the sequential mode is -12 ns. The CIS timebase runs
continuously when a clock is present and has a minimum delay of 0 ps. In this case, the position
arrow appears at the left edge of the screen.
Vertical: Turn the L
EVEL knob in the TRIGGER control group to adjust the trigger's
vertical threshold when the trigger signal is applied to the Trigger input. This control knob has no
affect when the Prescale input is being used.
Alternatively, in the "Trigger" dialog, you can touch inside the Level field and type in a value, using
the pop-up numeric keypad. To quickly set a level of zero volts, touch the Zero Level button directly
below the Coupling field.
The trigger source and level are indicated in the trigger descriptor label:
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DISPLAY FORMATS
Display Setup
1. In the menu bar, touch Display; then touch Display Setup in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch one of the Grid combination buttons:
.
Autogrid automatically adds or deletes grids as you select more or fewer waveforms to
display.
3. Touch inside the grid Intensity data entry field
100 using the pop-up keypad
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and enter a value from 0 to
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.
4. Touch the Grid on top checkbox if you want to superimpose the grid over the waveform.
Depending on the grid intensity, some of your waveform may be hidden from view when the
grid is placed on top. To undo, simply uncheck Grid on top.
5. Touch the Axis labels checkbox to permanently display the values of the top and bottom
grid lines (calculated from volts/div) and the extreme left and right grid lines (calculated
from the timebase).
6. Choose a line style for your trace: solid Line
or Points .
Persistence Setup
The analog Persistence feature helps you display your waveform and reveal its idiosyncrasies or
anomalies for a repetitive signal. Use Persistence to accumulate on-screen points from many
acquisitions to see your signal change over time. The instrument persistence modes show the most
frequent signal path "three-dimensionally" in intensities of the same color, or graded in a spectrum
of colors.
You can show persistence for up to eight inputs for any channel, math function, or memory location
(M1 to M4).
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Saturation Level
The Persistence display is generated by repeated sampling of the amplitudes of events over time,
and the accumulation of the sampled data into "3-dimensional" display maps. These maps create
an analog-style display. User-definable persistence duration can be used to view how the maps
evolve proportionally over time. Statistical integrity is preserved because the duration (decay) is
proportional to the persistence population for each amplitude or time combination in the data. In
addition, the instrument gives you post-acquisition saturation control for a more detailed display.
When you select
channel is assigned a single color. As a persistence data map develops, different intensities of that
color are assigned to the range between a minimum and a maximum population. The maximum
population automatically gets the highest intensity, the minimum population gets the lowest
intensity, and intermediate populations get intensities in between these extremes.
The information in the lower populations (for example, down at the noise level) could be of greater
interest to you than the rest. The Analog persistence view highlights the distribution of data so that
you can examine it in detail.
You can select a saturation level as a percentage of the maximum population. All populations
above the saturation population are then assigned the highest color intensity: that is, they are
saturated. At the same time, all populations below the saturation level are assigned the remaining
intensities. Data populations are dynamically updated as data from new acquisitions is
accumulated.
Color mode persistence, selected by touching
persistence feature, but instead uses the entire color spectrum to map signal intensity: violet for
minimum population, red for maximum population. A saturation level of 100% spreads the intensity
variation across the entire distribution; at lower saturation levels the intensity will saturate (become
the brightest color) at the percentage value specified. Lowering this percentage causes the pixels
to be saturated at a lower population, and makes visible those rarely hit pixels not seen at higher
percentages.
3-Dimensional Persistence
mode from the Persistence dialog (with All Locked selected), each
, works on the same principle as the Analog
By selecting 3d
shadings, textures, and hues. The advantage of the topographical view is that areas of highest and
lowest intensity are shown as peaks and valleys, in addition to color or brightness. The shape of the
peaks (pointed or flat) can reveal further information about the frequency of occurrences in your
waveform.
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, you can create a topographical view of your waveform from a selection of
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The instrument also gives you the ability to turn the X and Y axes of the waveform through 180° of
rotation from -90° to +90°.
Here is an example of a 3-dimensional view of a
square wave using the solid view of
color-graded persistence. Saturation is set at
50%, with red areas indicating highest intensity.
The X-axis has been rotated 60%; the Y-axis has
been rotated 15%.
Here is a monochrome (analog) view of the
same waveform. The lightest areas indicate
highest intensity, corresponding to the red areas
in the solid view.
Here is a shaded (projected light) view of the
same waveform. This view emphasizes the
shape of the pulses.
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Here is a wire frame view of the same waveform
in which lines of equal intensity are used to
construct the persistence map.
Show Last Trace
For most applications, you may not want to show the last trace because it will be superimposed on
top of your persistence display. In those cases turn off Show Last Trace by touching the checkbox.
However, if you are doing mask testing and want to see where the last trace is falling, turn Show
Last Trace on.
Persistence Time
You can control the duration of persistence by setting a time limit, in seconds, after which
persistence data will be erased: 0.5 s, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, or infinity.
Locking of Traces
The instrument gives you the choice of constraining all input channels to the same mode, saturation
level, persistence time, and last trace display, or setting these for each input channel individually.
Choose
channels individually.
to constrain input channels. Choose to set up input
To Set Up Persistence
1. In the menu bar touch Display, then touch Persistence Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Persistence On checkbox. If Per Trace is selected, touch the Reset All button
to return all input channel setups to their default settings.
3. Touch the All Locked button
level, persistence time, and last trace display for all input channels. Touch the Per Trace
button
A. If you selected All Locked, touch one of the mode buttons:
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to set these for each input channel individually.
if you want to set the same mode, saturation
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.
B. Then touch the Show last trace checkbox if you want the last trace displayed.
C. Touch inside the Saturation data entry field and enter a whole number integer, using
the pop-up numeric keypad.
D. Touch inside the Persistence time data entry field and make a selection from the
pop-up menu.
4. If you selected Per Trace, for each input channel touch its tab, then make selections of
mode, saturation level, persistence time, and last trace display in the same way as for All
Locked.
5. To create a 3-dimensional view, touch the 3d button
A. Touch inside the Saturation data entry field and enter a whole number integer, using
. Then
the pop-up numeric keypad.
B. Touch inside the Persistence time data entry field and make a selection from the
pop-up menu.
C. Under "3D settings," touch inside the Quality field and select an image quality from the
pop-up menu: wire frame, solid, or shaded.
D. For each axis, touch inside the data entry field and enter a value from -90° to +90°.
6. To turn off persistence for an individual channel, touch the left-most persistence mode
button:
.
To turn off persistence for all channels, press the front panel ANALOG PERSIST button. This
button toggles Analog Persistence on and off.
Screen Saver
The Windows screen saver is activated in the same way as for any PC.
1. Minimize the instrument display by touching File in the menu bar, then Minimize in the
drop-down menu.
2. Touch Start down in the task bar.
3. Touch Settings in the pop-up menu.
4. Touch Control Panel.
5. Touch Display.
6. Touch the Screen Saver tab.
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Moving Traces from Grid to Grid
You can move traces from grid to grid at the touch of a button.
To Move a Channel or Math Trace
1. Touch the descriptor label for the waveform that you want to move.
Example Descriptor Label
2. Touch the Next Grid button
Note: If you have more than one waveform displayed on only one grid, a second grid will open automatically when you
select Next Grid.
.
Zooming Waveforms
The Zoom button appears as a standard button at the bottom of the channel "Cx
Vertical Adjust" setup dialog if you want to create a math function zoom trace of your input
waveform. On the other hand, you can zoom a memory or math function non-zoom trace directly
without having to create a separate zoom trace. For such traces, a zoom control mini-dialog is
provided at the right of each math trace "Fx" setup dialog.
The front panel "QuickZoom" button
creates multiple zooms, one for each displayed input
channel.
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