Tektronix TPS2012B, TPS2014B, TPS2024B Primary User

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Page 1

TPS2000B Series

ZZZ

Digital Storage Oscilloscope

User Manual

*P077137901*

077-1379-01

Page 2

Page 3

TPS2000B Series

ZZZ

Digital Storage Oscilloscope

User Manual

www.tek.com

077-1379-01

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Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

OpenChoice and Wavestar are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Tektronix is an authorized licensee of the CompactFlash® trademark.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14150 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Bo x 50 0 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tek.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

Page 5

TPS2000B Series Oscilloscope

Warranty

Tektronix war years from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsib shipping charges prepaid, and with a copy of customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;

epair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage

b) to r or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE

D EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.

AN TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

rants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3)

le for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix,

[W16 – 15AUG04]

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TPP0101 and TPP0201 Probes

Warranty

Tektronix wa r year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packag charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

function caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or

or mal integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

KTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,

TE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

rants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1)

ing and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping

[W2 – 15AUG04]

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TPSBAT Battery Pack

Warranty

Tektronix war months from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

epair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage

D EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.

rants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3)

le for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix,

[W14 – 15AUG04]

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Page 9

Table of Contents

Important safety information..................................................................................... iv

General safety summary ..................................................................................... iv

Service safety summary..................................................................................... vii

Terms in thismanual ........................................................................................ viii

Symbols and terms on the product......................................................................... viii

Compliance information.......................................................................................... ix

EMC compliance ............................................................................................. ix

Safety compliance ............................................................................................. x

Environmental considerations.............................................................................. xiii

Preface.............................................................................................................. xv

Help System.................................................................................................. xvi

Conventions................................................................................................. xvii

Getting Started ..... . ..... . ..... ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ....................................................... 1

General Features............................................................................................... 1

Taking FloatingMeasurements............................................................................... 3

Installation...................................................................................................... 6

Probes.......................................................................................................... 10

Functional Check ............................................................................................. 10

Probe Safety................................................................................................... 11

Voltage Probe Check Wizard................................................................................ 12

Manual Probe Compensation................................................................................ 13

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ............................................ 14

Current Probe Scaling........................................................................................ 14

SelfCalibration ............................................................................................... 14

Operating Basics................................................................................................... 15

Display Area .................................................................................................. 16

Using the Menu System...................................................................................... 19

Vertical Controls.............................................................................................. 20

Horizontal Controls........................................................................................... 21

Trigger Controls............................................................................................... 22

Menu and Control Buttons................................................................................... 23

Input Connectors.............................................................................................. 25

Other Front-Panel Items...................................................................................... 26

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions .... . ..... . .... . . .... . . .... . . ............................................ 27

Setting Up the Oscilloscope . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ............................................. 28

Triggering...................................................................................................... 29

Acquiring Signals............................................................................................. 31

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms.... . ..... . ..... ..... . ..... . ..... ....................................... 31

Taking Measurements........................................................................................ 35

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual i

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Table of Contents

Application Ex

Taking SimpleMeasurements............................................................................... 38

Using Autorangeto Examine a Series of Test Points..................................................... 43

Using an Isolated Channel to Analyze a Differential Co

Viewing a Math Instantaneous Power Waveform......................................................... 45

Taking Cursor Measurements ............................................................................... 46

Analyzing Signal Detail...................................................................................... 50

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal ............................................................................. 51

Measuring Propagation Delay............................................................................... 53

Triggering on a Speciﬁc Pulse Width....................................................................... 54

Triggering on a Video Signal................................................................................ 55

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network................................................................ 59

Math FFT........................................................................................................... 61

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform... . ..... ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... ................................... 62

Displaying the FFT Spectrum ............................................................................... 64

Selecting an FFT Window ................................................................................... 65

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum . . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . ................................... 68

Measuring anFFTSpectrum Using Cursors............................................................... 69

Communications (RS-232, Centronics,and RS-232/USB)................................................... 71

Sending a Screen Image to an External Device ........................................................... 71

Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..................................... 74

Command Entry............................................................................................... 79

Setting Up and Using the RS-232/USB Cable.. . ..... . .... . . .... . ..... . ................................... 79

Removable Mass Storage......................................................................................... 81

Installing and Removing a CompactFlash (CF) Card.. . ..... . ..... . ..... . ................................ 81

FileManagementConventions.............................................................................. 82

Using the Save functionof the Print Button............................................................... 83

Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ........................................... 85

Maintaining Battery Packs................................................................................... 86

General Charging Guidelines................................................................................ 86

Checking the Charge and Calibration Status............................................................... 87

Charging TPSBAT Battery Packs . .... . . .... . . .... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ...................................... 88

CalibratingBattery Packs.................................................................................... 90

Handling Battery Packs ...................................................................................... 91

Storing and Transporting Battery Packs.................................................................... 91

Replacing Battery Packs ..................................................................................... 92

Reference........................................................................................................... 93

Acquire......................................................................................................... 93

Application.................................................................................................... 95

Autorange...................................................................................................... 95

Autoset......................................................................................................... 98

amples............................................................................................. 37

mmunication Signal ......................... 44

ii TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

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Table of Contents

Cursor........................................................................................................ 101

Default Setup................................................................................................ 102

Display....................................................................................................... 102

Help .......................................................................................................... 105

Horizontal.................................................................................................... 105

Math.......................................................................................................... 106

Measure...................................................................................................... 108

Print .......................................................................................................... 109

Probe Check................................................................................................. 109

Save/Recall.................................................................................................. 109

Trigger Controls............................................................................................. 114

Utility . . ..... . ..... . ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ................................................ 120

Vertica

Appendix A:TPS2000B Speciﬁcations....................................................................... 125

Oscilloscope Speciﬁcations... . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... .......................................... 125

Appendix B: TPP0101 and TPP0201 Series 10X Passive Probes Information . .......................... 133

Connecting the Probe to the Oscilloscope . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ...................................... 133

Compensating the Probe .................................................................................. 134

Conn

Standard Accessories....................................................................................... 135

Optional Accessories....................................................................................... 136

Speciﬁcations................................................................................................ 136

Performance Graphs........................................................................................ 137

Safety Summary ............................................................................................ 138

pendix C: Accessories....................................................................................... 141

Appendix D: Cleaning .......................................................................................... 145

General Care ................................................................................................ 145

Cleaning ..................................................................................................... 145

Appendix E:Default Setup ..................................................................................... 147

Appendix F:Font Licenses..................................................................................... 149

Appendix G:TPS2000B Compatible Probe Maximum Voltages .......................................... 151

Index

l Controls............................................................................................ 123

ecting the Probe to the Circuit ...................................................................... 134

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual iii

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Important safety information

Important saf

ety information

This manual c for safe operation and to keep the product in a safe condition.

To safely perform service on this product, additional information is provided at the end of this section. (See page vii, Service safety summary.)

General safety summary

Use the product only as speciﬁed. Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. Carefully read all instructions. Retain these instructions for future reference.

This product shall be used in accordance with local and national codes.

For correct and safe operation of the product, it is essential that you follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the safety precautions speciﬁed in this manual.

The product is designed to be used by trained personnel only.

Only qualiﬁed personnel who are aware of the hazards involved should remove the cover for repair, maintenance, or adjustment.

ontains information and warnings that must be followed by the user

To avoid ﬁre or personal

injury

Before use, always check the product with a known source to be sure it is operating correctly.

This product is not intended for detection of hazardous voltages.

Use personal protective equipment to prevent shock and arc blast injury where hazardous live conductors are exposed.

While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system. Read the safety sections of the other component manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.

When incorporating this equipment into a system, the safety of that system is the responsibility of the assembler of the system.

Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord speciﬁed for this product and certiﬁed for the country of use.

Do not use the provided power cord for other products.

Power disconnect. The power cord disconnects the product from the power source. See instructions for the location. Do not position the equipment sothat it is difﬁcult to operate the power cord; it must remain accessible to the user at all times to allow for quick disconnection if needed.

iv TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

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Important safety information

Use proper AC ad

Observe and follow the ratings marked on the AC adapter.

Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Use only insulated voltage probes, test leads, and adapters supplied with the product, or indicated by Tektronix to be suitable for the product.

Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid ﬁre or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product. Do not exceed the Measurement Category (CAT) rating and voltage or current rating of the lowest rated individual component of a product, probe, or accessory. Use caution when using 1:1 test leads because the probe tip voltage is directly transmitted to the product.

Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.

Do not ﬂoat the common terminal above the rated voltage for that terminal.

Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed, or with the case open. Hazardous voltage exposure is possible.

apter. Use only the AC adapter speciﬁed for this product.

Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components

when power is present.

Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Disable the product if it is damaged. Do not use the product if it is damaged or operates incorrectly. If in doubt about safety of the product, turn it offand disconnect the power cord. Clearly mark the product to prevent its further operation.

Before use, inspect voltage probes, test leads, and accessories for mechanical damage and replace when damaged. Do not use probes or test leads if they are damaged, if there is exposed metal, or if a wear indicator shows.

Examine the exterior of the product before you use it. Look for cracks or missing pieces.

Use only speciﬁed replacement parts.

Replace batteries properly. Replace batteries only with the speciﬁed type and rating.

Recharge batteries properly. Recharge batteries for the recommended charge cycle only.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual v

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Important safety information

Wear eye protec

laser radiation exists.

Do not operate in wet/damp conditions. Be aware that condensation may occur if a unit is moved from a cold to a warm environment.

Do not opera

Keep product surfaces clean and dry. Remove the input signals before you clean

the product.

Provide proper ventilation. The cooling fan forces the air through the vents on the bottom inside of the oscilloscope. To allow air to ﬂow freely through the oscilloscope, do not block these vents. Do not push objects into any of the openings.

e a safe working environment. Always place the product in a location

Provid

convenient for viewing the display and indicators.

improper or prolonged use of keyboards, pointers, and button pads.

Avoid Improper or prolonged keyboard or pointer use may result in serious injury.

e your work area meets applicable ergonomic standards. Consult with an

Be sur ergonomics professional to avoid stress injuries.

tion. Wear eye protection if exposure to high-intensity rays or

te in an explosive atmosphere.

Probes and test leads

Before connecting probes or test leads, connect the power cord from the power

nector to a properly grounded power outlet.

con

Keep ﬁngers behind the ﬁnger guards on the probes. Do not touch metallic portion

the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source and ensure the reference

of lead or spring are fully mated before connecting the probe to the circuit under test.

emove all probes, test leads and accessories that are not in use.

Use only correct Measurement Category (CAT), voltage, temperature, altitude,

nd amperage rated probes, test leads, and adapters for any measurement.

Beware of high voltages. Understand the voltage ratings for the probe you are using and do not exceed those ratings. Two ratings are important to know and understand:

The maximum measurement voltage from the probe tip to the probe reference lead.

The maximum ﬂoating voltage from the probe reference lead to earth ground

vi TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

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Important safety information

These two volta Speciﬁcations section of the manual for more information.

WAR NI NG . To prevent electrical shock, do not exceed the maximum measurement

or maximum ﬂoating voltage for the oscilloscope input BNC connector, probe tip, or probe reference lead.

Connect and disconnect properly. Connect the probe output to the measurement product before connecting the probe to the circuit under test. Connect the probe reference lead to the circuit under test before connecting the probe input. Disconne before disconnecting the probe from the measurement product.

Inspect the probe and accessories. Before each use, inspect probe and accessories for damage (cuts, tears, or defects in the probe body, accessories, or cable jacket). Do not use if damaged.

Servicesafetysummary

The Service safety summary section contains additional information required to safel service procedures. Read this Service safety summary and the General safety summary before performing any service procedures.

ge ratings depend on the probe and your application. Refer to the

ct the probe input and the probe reference lead from the circuit under test

y perform service on the product. Only qualiﬁed personnel should perform

To avoid electric shock. Do not touch exposed connections.

ot service alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this

Do n

product unless another person capable of rendering ﬁrst aid and resuscitation is present.

Disconnect power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the product power and disconnect the power cord from the mains power before removing any covers or

anels, or opening the case for servicing.

Use care when servicing with power on. Dangerous voltages or currents may exist in this product. Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and disconnect test leads before removing protective panels, soldering, or replacing components.

Verify safety after repair. Always recheck ground continuity and mains dielectric strength after performing a repair.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual vii

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Important safety information

Termsinthismanual

These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result

in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

damage to this product or other property.

Symbols and terms on the product

These ter

The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:

ms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the mark

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read th

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

ing.

e marking.

When this symbol is marked on the product, be sure to consult the manual to ﬁnd out the nature of the potential hazards and any actions which have to betakentoavoidthem. (Thissymbolmayalsobeusedtorefertheuserto ratings in the m anual.)

viii TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 17

Compliance information

This section lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and environmental standards with which the instrument complies.

Questions about the compliance information below may be directed to the following address:

Tektronix, Inc. PO Box 500, MS 19‐045

Beaverton, OR 97077, USA

www.tek.com

EMC compliance

EU EMC D irective

Meets intent of Directive 2014/30/EU for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

EN 6132

measurement, control, and laboratory use.

6-1, EN 61326-2-1. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for

1234

CISPR

11. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

IEC 61000-4-2. Electrostatic discharge immunity

IEC 61000-4-3. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4. Electrical fast transient/burst immunity

IEC 61000-4-5. Power line surge immunity

IEC 61000-4-6. Conducted RF immunity

C 61000-4-8. Power frequency magnetic ﬁeld immunity test

IEC 61000-4-11. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity

EN 61000-3-2. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3-3. Voltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂicker

This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic interference.

Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test object.

Equipment may not meet the immunity requirements of applicable listed standards when test leads and/or test probes are connected due to coupling of electromagnetic interference onto those leads/probes. To minimize the inﬂuence of electromagnetic interference, minimize the loop a rea between the unshielded portions of signal and associated return leads, and keep leads as far away as possible from electromagnetic disturbance sources. Twisting unshielded test leads together is an effective way to reduce loop area. For probes, keep the ground

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual ix

Page 18

Compliance information

Australia / New Zealand

Declaration of

Conformity – EMC

Safety compliance

EU low voltage directive

return lead as s accomplish this most effectively. In all cases, observe all safety instructions for the probes or leads used.

For compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables that incorporate low impedance connection between the cable shield and the connector shell should be used.

≤1.0 division waveform displacement or ≤2.0 division increase in peak-to-peak noise is allowed when the instrument is subjected to ﬁelds and signals as deﬁned in the IEC 61000-4-3 test.

≤0.5 division waveform displacement or ≤1.0 division increase in peak-to-peak noise is allowed when the instrument is subjected to ﬁelds and signals as deﬁned in the IEC 61000-4-6 test.

hort as possible and close to the probe body. Some probes have accessory probe tip adapters to

Complies with the EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the following standard, in accordance with ACMA:

CISPR 11. Radiated and Conducted Emissions, Group 1, Class A, in accordance with EN 61326-1 and EN 61326-2-1.

This section lists the safety standards with which the product complies andother safety compliance information.

Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcation as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Union:

U.S. nationally recognized

testing laboratory listing

Canadian certiﬁcation

Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/CE

EN 61010-1. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements.

EN 61010-2-030. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits.

UL 61010-1. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements.

UL 61010-2-030. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits.

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements.

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-2-030. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits.

x TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 19

Compliance information

Additional compliances

Equipment type

Pollution degree

descriptions

IEC 61010-1. Sa Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements.

IEC 61010-2-0 Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits.

Test and mea

A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.

Pollution degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or located in clean rooms.

Pollution degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must be exp condensation occurs only when the product is out of service.

suring equipment.

ected. This location is a typical ofﬁce/home environment. Temporary

fety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for

30. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for

Pollution degree rating

ution degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution

Poll that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.

Pollution degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.

Pollution degree 2 (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1). Rated for indoor, dry location use only.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xi

Page 20

Compliance information

Measurement and

overvoltage category

descriptions

Mains overvoltage

category rating

Measurement te from one or more of the following categories (see speciﬁc ratings marked on the product and in the manual).

Category II. Circuits directly connected to the building wiring at utilization points (socket outlets and similar points).

Category III. In the building wiring and distribution system.

Category IV

NOTE. Only mains power supply circuits have an overv oltage category rating.

Only measurement circuits have a measurement category rating. Other circuits within the product do not have either rating.

Overvoltage category II (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1).

rminals on this product may be rated for measuring mains voltages

. At the source of the electrical supply to the building.

xii TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 21

Environmental considerations

This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.

Compliance information

Product end-of-life

handling

Observe the following guidelines when recycli

Equipment recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. To avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this product in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reusedor recycled appropriately.

This symbol indicates that this product complies with the applicable European Union requirements according to Directives 2012/19/EU and 2006/66/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. For information about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the Tektronix Web site (www.tek.com).

Battery recycling. This product may contain a rechargeable battery, which must be recycled or disposed of properly. Please properly dispose of or recycle the battery according to local government regulations.

Lithium-Ion batteries are subject to disposal and recycling regulations that vary by country and region. Always check and follow your applicable regulations before disposing of any battery. Contact Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (www.rbrc.org) for U.S.A. and Canada, or your local battery recycling organization.

ng an instrument or component:

Many countries prohibit the disposal of waste electronic equipment in standard waste receptacles.

Place only discharged batteries in a battery collection container. Use electrical tape or other approved covering over the battery connection points to prevent short circuits.

Transporting batteries

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xiii

The capacity of the lithium ion rechargeable battery pack in this product isunder 100 Wh. The lithium-equivalent content, as deﬁned by the UN Manual of Tests andCriteriaPartIIISection38.3,isunder8gperpackand1.5gperindividual cell. Consult your air carrier for applicability and determination of any special lithium ion battery transportation requirements.

Always check all applicable local, national, and international regulations before transporting a Lithium-Ion battery.

Transporting an end-of-life, damaged, or recalled battery may, in certain cases, be speciﬁcally limited or prohibited.

Page 22

Compliance information

xiv TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 23

Preface

This manual contains operating information for the TPS2000B Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters:

The Getting Started chapter brieﬂy describes features of the oscilloscope and provides installation instructions.

The Operating Basics chapter covers operating principles of the oscilloscopes.

The Understanding Oscilloscope Functions chapter describes basic operations and functions of an oscilloscope: setting up the oscilloscope, triggering, acquiring data, scaling and positioning waveforms, and taking measurements.

The Application Examples chapter provides examples on how to solve a variety of measurement problems.

The Math FFT chapter describes how to use the Math Fast Fourier Transform function to convert a time-domain signal into its frequency components

rum).

(spect

The Communications chapter describes how to set up the RS-232 and

onics ports to use the oscilloscope with external devices, such as printers

Centr and computers.

emovable Mass Storage chapter describes how to use a CompactFlash

The R card and oscilloscope functions available when a card is in use.

Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs chapter describes how to use, charge,

The calibrate, and replace battery packs.

Reference chapter describes the selections or available range of values

The for each option.

e Appendix A: TPS2000B Speciﬁcations chapter includes electrical,

Th environmental, and physical speciﬁcations for the oscilloscope.

he Appendix B: TPP0101 and TPP0201 Series Probes Information chapter

T includes information on and speciﬁcations for the TPP0101 and TPP0201 probes.

The Appendix C: Accessories chapter brieﬂy describes standard and optional accessories.

The Appendix D: Cleaning chapter describes how to take care of the oscilloscope.

The Appendix E: Default Setup chapter contains a list of the menus and controls with the default (factory) settings that are recalled when you push the Default Setup front-panel button.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xv

Page 24

Preface

Help System

The Appendix F: Asian fonts.

The Appendix G lists the maximum voltages of compatible probes.

The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features ofthe oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information:

General information about understanding and using the oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System.

Information about speciﬁc menus and controls, such as the Vertical Position Control.

Advice about problems you may face while using an oscilloscope, such as Reducing Noise.

The Help system provides several ways to ﬁnd the information you need: context-sensitive help, hyperlinks, and an index.

Font Licenses chapter provides the licenses to use speciﬁc

: TPS2000B Compatible Probe Maximum Voltages chapter

Context-Sensitive Help

Hyperlinks

Index

cilloscope displays information about the last menu displayed on the

The os screen when you push the Help front-panel button. When viewing help topics, an LED lights next to the multipurpose knob to indicate that the knob is active. If the topic uses more than one page, turn the multipurpose knob to move from page to page within the topic.

Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle brackets, such as <Autoset>. These are links to other topics. Turn the multipurpose knob to move the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. Push the Back option

utton to return to the previous topic.

Push the front-panel Help button, then push the Index option button. Push the Page Up or Page Down option buttons until you ﬁnd the index page that contains the topic you want to view. Turn the multipurpose knob to highlight a help topic. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic.

NOTE. Push the Exit option button or any menu button to remove the Help text

from the screen and return to displaying waveforms.

xvi TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 25

Conventions

Preface

This manual uses the following conventions:

Front-panel buttons, knobs and connectors appear as displayed. For example: Help.

Menu options appear with the ﬁrst letter of each word in upper case. For example: Peak Detect, Window Zone.

Multipurp

Option buttons - First letter of each word on screen is upper case

ose knob

Front-pan

el buttons and knob labels - As displayed

NOTE. Option buttons may also be called screen b uttons, side-menu buttons,

bezel buttons, or soft keys.

The ► delimiter separates a series of button pushes. For example, Utility ► Options ► RS232 Setup means that you push the Utility front-panel

ton, then push the Options option button, and then push the RS232 Setup

but option button. Multiple pushes of an option button may be required to select the desired option.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xvii

Page 26

Preface

xviii TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 27

Getting Started

TPS2000B Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes are small, lightweight, benchtop instruments, which you can use to take ground-referenced measurements.

This chapter describes how to do the following tasks:

Take ﬂoating measurements

Install your product

General Features

Charge battery pack

Perform a brief functional check

Perform a probe check and compensate probes

Match your probe attenuation factor

Use the self calibration routine

NOTE. You can select a language to display on the screen when you power on the

oscilloscope. At any time, you can also access the Utility ► Language option to select a language.

The next table and list d

Model Channels Bandwidth Sample r ate

TPS2012B

TPS2014B

TPS2024B

escribe the general features.

2 100 MHz

4 100 MHz

4 200 MHz

1.0 GS/s

2.0 GS/s

Battery powered or line powered

Two rechargeable battery packs (second battery pack optional)

Independently isolated channels with no shared common ground

TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis application (optional)

Support for compatible voltage probes and current probes

Context-sensitive help system

Color LCD display

Selectable 20 MHz bandwidth limit

2500 point record length for each channel

Autoset

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 1

Page 28

Getting Started

Autoranging fo

Probe Check Wizard

Cursors with readouts

Trigger frequency readout

Eleven automatic measurements

Waveform averaging and peak detection

Dual time b

Math functions: +, -, and × operations

Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Pulse Width trigger capability

Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering

External trigger

Setup a

Removable mass storage

Variable persistence display

nd waveform storage

r quick set up and hands-free operation

ase

RS-232 and Centronics ports

OpenChoice PC Communications software

User interface and help topics in ten languages

2 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 29

Taking Floating Measurements

For taking ﬂoating measurements, the oscilloscope channel and Ext Trig inputs (3 MΩ ) are isolated from the oscilloscope chassis and from each other. This allows independent ﬂoating measurements with channel 1, channel 2, and Ext Trig (and with channel 3 and channel 4 on four channel models).

Getting Started

The osc grounded power supply, a grounded printer, or a grounded computer.

Most o and Ext Trig inputs. This reference is typically connected to earth ground through the power cord. With common-referenced oscilloscopes, all input signals must have the same common reference when you take any multi-channel measurements.

Without differential preampliﬁers or external signal isolators, common-referenced oscilloscopes are not suitable for taking ﬂoating measurements.

illoscope inputs ﬂoat even when the oscilloscope is connected to a

ther oscilloscopes share a common reference for the oscilloscope channel

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 3

Page 30

Getting Started

Probe Connecti

WARNING. To prevent electrical shock, do not exceed the measurement or ﬂoating

voltage ratings for the oscilloscope input BNC connector, probe tip, or probe reference lead.

Understand the voltage ratings for the probes you are using and do not exceed those ratings. The following voltage ratings are important to know and understand:

The maximum measurement voltage from the probe tip and BNC signal to the probe reference lead

The maximum measurement voltage from the probe tip and BNC shell to earth ground

The maximum ﬂoating voltage from the probe reference lead to earth ground

WARNING. To avoid an electric shock, do not use probes that require a ground

connection, such as the Tektronix P5200A High Voltage Differential Probe, with the TPS2000B series oscilloscopes. The P5200A High Voltage Differential

requires an oscilloscope with grounded inputs and the TPS2000B series

Probe oscilloscopes have ﬂoating inputs (isolated inputs).

ING. Do not ﬂoat the TPP0101 or TPP0201 probe reference lead to >

WARN

30 V

. Use the P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, s ubject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

These voltage ratings depend on the probe and your application. (See page 125, TPS2000B Speciﬁcations.)

This manual contains more information on probe safety. (See page 11, Probe Safety.)

4 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 31

Getting Started

Attach the Reference

Leads Correctly

BNC Connec

tors

Unterminated BNC Inputs

You must attach These attachments are required because the oscilloscope channels are electrically isolated; they do not share a common connection. Use the shortest possible reference lead with each probe to maintain good signal ﬁdelity.

The probe reference lead presents a higher capacitive load to the circuit under test than the probe tip. When taking a ﬂoating measurement between two nodes of a circuit, attach the probe reference lead to the lowest impedance or least dynamic of the two nodes.

The oscilloscope BNC reference connection is made on the inside of the BNC connector. The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC connectors does not provide electrical contact. For a good connection, make sure your probe or cable connect worn connectors.

The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC input connectors does not shield the con a 50 Ω terminator or a BNC shorting plug to the input BNC connector when establishing a "No Signal" baseline condition.

or is pushed on and twist locked. Replacecablesorprobesthathave

nector input from unwanted electrical noise from nearby circuits. Connect

the probe reference lead for each channel directly to your circuit.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 5

Page 32

Getting Started

Installation

You can use the oscilloscope AC adapter to power the oscilloscope or to charge battery packs when installed. To use the oscilloscope AC adapter as the power source, follow these steps:

1. Insert the DC connector end of the adapter into the DC INPUT connector on

the back of the oscilloscope.

2. Connect the appropriate power cord between the oscilloscope AC adapter

and an electrical outlet.

If battery packs are installed, an LED lights on the front of the oscilloscope to indicate when the battery packs are charging.

. The oscilloscope contains a temperature-sensing fan for cooling that

NOTE

forces air through vents o n the bottom and on the side of the oscilloscope. To allow air to ﬂow freely through the oscilloscope, do not block these vents.

6 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 33

Getting Started

Battery Packs

The oscillosco

pe can accommodate two TPSBAT battery packs. The product includes one battery pack that is not installed when shipped. The amount of time you can operate the oscilloscope with battery packs depends on the oscilloscope model.

Oscilloscope Amount of time to op erate

2 channel 5.5 hours on one battery pack, 11 hours on two

4 channel 4 hours on one battery pack, 8 hours on two

NOTE. The o

scilloscope displays a message when approximately 10 minutes of

operating time remain on the battery packs.

This manu

al contains details on how to use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs. For example, battery packs need to be calibrated to accurately report available operating time. (See page 85, Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs.)

To install battery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press t

he battery compartment door latch on the right side panel and open the

battery compartment.

2. Orien

t the battery pack as shown on the oscilloscope, and install the pack.

Battery packs are keyed, so you can insert them only one way.

ingle battery pack use, install a pack in the lower receptacle. This lowers

For s the center of gravity.

3. Clo

se the battery compartment door.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 7

Page 34

Getting Started

Charging Battery Packs

Power Cord

Versatile Hanger

To remove the ba

ttery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press the battery compartment door latch on the right side panel and open the battery compa

rtment.

2. Grab the strap and lift up.

3. Push the spring clip towards the outside of the battery pack and pull the strap

to remove the battery pack.

4. Close the battery compartment door.

You can charge the battery packs in an oscilloscope or with the TPSCHG external battery charger. (See page 88, Charging TPSBAT Battery Packs.)

Use only power cords designed for the AC adapter for the oscilloscope or external charger. The AC adapter for the oscilloscope and external charger requires90to 264 VAC

, 45 to 66 Hz. Optional power cords are available. (See Table 14

RMS

on page 142.)

Use the versatile hanger to securely suspend the oscilloscope when you cannot place it on a stable surface, such as on a bench top.

To attach the hanger, follow these steps:

1. Position a hanger clip over one of the feet on the rear case so the clip is ﬂat against the case. Orient the slot at the top of the clip.

2. Push the clip up towards the topofthecasetosnapitinplace.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the other clip.

8 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 35

Getting Started

4. Adjust the leng oscilloscope stationary while suspended.

NOTE. You can route the nylon strap through the handle on the oscilloscope to

provide a more stable center of gravity.

5. Place the hooks over a vertical support, such as a wall partition or an instrument rack door.

th of the nylon strap. A short strap helps to keep the

Secur

ity Lock

Use a standard laptop computer security cable to secure your oscilloscope to your location.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 9

Page 36

Getting Started

Probes

TPS2000B series oscilloscopes ship with TPP0101 or TPP0201 passive voltage probes. (See page 11, Probe Safety.) (See page 125, TPS2000B Speciﬁcations.)

You can use many Tektronix voltage probes and current probes with these oscilloscopes. Refer to Appendix C or the www.tek.com Web site for a list of compatible probes.

Functiona

l Check

Perform this functional check to verify that your oscilloscope is operating correctly.

On/Standby button Default Setup button

Probe Comp

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

Push the Default Setup button.

The default Probe option attenuation setting is 10X.

2. Connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the channel 1 BNC,

o connect, and twist to the right to lock the probe in place.

push t

Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the Probe Comp terminals.

3. Push the AutoSet button. Within a few seconds, you should see a

re wave in the display of about 5V peak-to-peak at 1 kHz.

squa

Push the channel 1 Menu button on the front panel twice to remove channel 1, push the channel 2 Menu button to display channel 2, and

eat steps 2 and 3. For 4-channel models, repeat for channels 3

rep and 4.

10 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 37

Probe Safety

Getting Started

Check and observe probe ratings before using probes.

A guard around the probe body provides a ﬁnger barrier for protection from electric shock.

Finger guard

WAR NI NG . To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep ﬁngers behind

the guard on the probe body.

To avoid electric shock while using the probe, do not touch metallic portions of the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source.

Connect the probe to the oscilloscope, and connect the ground terminal to ground before you take any measurements.

Any probe or cable used to apply more than 30 VAC

(42 V peak) to the

RMS

oscilloscope BNC input connector must be third-party certiﬁed for the voltage

pplied, including rating the probe reference lead or cable shield to ﬂoat to

to be a 600 V

This

CAT II.

RMS

manual contains important information on isolated channels, ﬂoating

measurements, and high voltages. (See page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

WAR NI NG . Do not ﬂoat the TPP0101 or TPP0201 probe reference lead to >

30 V

. Use the P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating

e reference lead above 30 V

, s ubject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not

onnect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 11

Page 38

Getting Started

Voltage Probe

Check Wizard

YoucanusetheProbeCheckWizardtoverify that a voltage probe is operating properly. The wizard does not support current probes.

The wizard helps you adjust the compensation for voltage probes (usually with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the factor for the Attenuation option for e ► Attenuation option.

You should an input channel.

To use the probe is connected properly, compensated properly, and the Attenuation option in the oscilloscope Vertical menu is set to match the probe, the oscilloscope displays a PASSED message at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the oscilloscope displays directions on the screen to guide you in correcting these problems.

NOTE. The Probe Check Wizard is useful for 1X, 10X, 20X, 50X, and 100X

s. It is not useful for 500X or 1000X probes, or for probes connected to

probe the Ext Trig BNC.

ach channel, such as in the Channel 1 Menu ► Probe ► Voltage

use the Probe Check Wizard each time you connect a voltage probe to

Probe Check Wizard, push the Probe Check button. If the voltage

. When the process is complete, the Probe Check Wizard restores the

NOTE

oscilloscope settings (other than the Probe option) to what they were before you pushed the Probe Check button.

compensate a probe that you plan to use with the Ext Trig input, follow these

To steps:

1. Co

2. Push the Probe Check button and follow the directions on the screen.

3. After you verify that the probe functions and is compensated properly, connect

nnect the probe to any input channel BNC, such as to channel 1.

the probe to the Ext Trig BNC.

12 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 39

Getting Started

Manual Probe C

ompensation

As an alternative method to the Probe Check Wizard, you can manually perform this adjustment to match your probe to the input channel.

NOTE. Be sur

Comp reference terminal because the oscilloscope channels are isolated from the Probe Comp terminals.

Probe Comp AutoSet

e to properly connect the voltage probe reference lead to the Probe

button

1. Push the Channel 1 Menu ► Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation option and select 10X. Connect

the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you use the probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by ﬁrmly inserting the tip onto the probe.

2. A ttach the probe tip to the Probe Comp ~5V@1kHz terminal and the reference lead to the Probe Comp chassis terminal. Display the channel, and then push the AutoSet button.

3. Check the shape of the displayed waveform.

mpensated

Overco

Undercompensated

Compensated correctly

4. If necessary, adjust your probe.

Repeat as necessary.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 13

Page 40

Getting Started

Voltage Probe

Attenuation Setting

Current Probe Scaling

Voltage probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the vertical scale of the signal. The Probe Check Wizard veriﬁes that the attenuation factor in the

As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually select the factor that matche to 10X connected to CH 1, push the Channel 1 Menu ► Probe ► Vo ltag e ► Attenuation option, and select 10X.

NOTE. The default setting for the Attenuation option is 10X.

Current probes provide a voltage signal proportional to the current. You need to set the 10 A/V.

To set t

1. Push a vertical channel button (such as the Channel 1 Menu button).

2. Push the Probe option button.

oscilloscope matches the probe.

s the attenuation of your probe. For example, to match a probe set

oscilloscope to match the scale of your current probe. The default scale is

he scale, follow these steps:

Self Calibration

3. Push the Current option button.

4. Push the Scale option button to select an appropriate value.

The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal path for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but you should always run the routine if the ambient temperature changes by 5 °C (9 °F) or more. The routine takes about two minutes.

For accurate calibration, power on the oscilloscope and wait twenty minutes to ensure it is warmed up.

To compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the input connectors. Then, access the Utility ► Do Self Cal option, and follow the directions on the screen.

14 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 41

Operating Basics

2-channel model

The front panel is divided into easy-to-use functional areas. This chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen.

4-channel model

The front panel buttons can be illuminated (through the Utilities menu). This illumination does not signiﬁcantly affect the duration of the charge of the battery

ks when you operate the oscilloscope from battery packs only.

pac

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 15

Page 42

Operating Basics

Display Area

In addition to displaying waveforms, the display is ﬁlled with many details about the waveform and the oscilloscope control settings.

NOTE. Refer to Displaying the FFT Spectrum for details on displaying the FFT

function, (See page 64, Displaying the FFT Spectrum.)

16 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 43

Operating Basics

1. Icon display sh

ows acquisition mode.

Sample mode

Peak detect mo

Average mode

2. Trigger status indicates the following:

The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All triggers are ignored in this state.

All pretrigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger.

The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data.

The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data.

The oscilloscope has completed a Single Sequence acquisition.

The oscilloscope is in auto mode and is acquiring waveforms in the absence of triggers.

The oscilloscope is acquiring and displaying waveform data continuously in scan mode.

3. Marke

r shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the Horizontal Position knob

to adjust the position of the marker.

4. Reado

ut shows the time at the center graticule. The trigger time is zero.

5. Marker shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

6. On-screen markers show the ground reference points of the displayed

waveforms. If there is no marker, the channel is not displayed.

7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted.

8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels.

9. AB

icon indicates that the channel is bandwidth limited.

10. Readout shows main time base setting.

eadout shows window time base setting if it is in use.

11.R

12. Readout shows trigger source used for triggering.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 17

Page 44

Operating Basics

Message Area

13. Icon shows sele

cted trigger type as follows:

Edge trigger for the rising edge.

Edge trigger for the falling edge.

Video trigger for line sync.

Video trigger for ﬁeld sync.

Pulse W idth trigger, positive polarity.

Pulse W idth trigger, negative polarity.

14. Readout shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

15. Display area shows helpful messages; some messages display for only three

seconds.

If you recall a saved waveform, readout shows information about the reference waveform, such as RefA 1.00V 500µs.

16. Readout shows date and time.

17. Readout shows trigger frequency.

The oscilloscope displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous ﬁgure) at the bottom of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information:

Directions to access another menu, such as when you push the Tri g Men u button:

For TRIGGER HOLDOFF, go to HORIZONTAL MENU

gestion of what you might want to do next, such as when you push the

Sug Measure button:

sh an option button to change its measurement

Information about the action the oscilloscope performed, such as when you

ush the Default Setup button:

Default setup recalled

Information about the waveform, such as when you push the Autoset button:

Square wave or pulse detected on CH1

18 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 45

Operating Basics

Using the Menu

System

The user interface of the oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure.

When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you pus

h the unlabeled option buttons directly to the right of the screen.

The oscilloscope uses several methods to display menu options:

Page (Submenu) Selection: For some menus, you can use the top option button to choose two or three submenus. Each time you push the top button, the optio

ns change. For example, when you push the top button in the Trigger Menu, the oscilloscope cycles through the Edge, Video, and Pulse Width trigger submenus.

Circular List: The oscilloscope sets the parameter to a different value each time you push the option button. For example, you can push one of the channel Menu buttonsandthenpushthetopoption button to cycle through the Vertical (channel) Coupling options.

Action: The oscilloscope displays the type of action that will immediately occurwhenyoupushanActionoptionbutton. For example, when the Help Index is visible, and you push the Page Down option button, the oscilloscope

diately displays the next page of index entries.

imme

Page Selection Circular List

Trigger Menu

(channel 1)

Type

Edge

or or

Trigger Menu

Type

Video

or or

Trigger Menu

Type

Pulse

Coupling

(channel 1)

Coupling

(channel 1)

Coupling

Ground

Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option. The

rently-selected option is highlighted. For example, the oscilloscope

cur displays various acquisition mode options when you push the Acquire Menu button. To select an option, push the corresponding button.

Action Radio

Help Acquire

Page

Down

Sample

Peak Detect

Average

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 19

Page 46

Operating Basics

Vertical Cont

rols

2-channe

lmodel

4-channel model

Position (1, 2, 3 & 4). Positions a waveform vertically.

1, 2, 3 & 4. Displays the Vertical menu selections and toggles the display of the

channel waveform on and off.

le(1,2,3&4). Selects vertical scale factors.

Sca

Math. Displays waveform math operations menu and toggles the display of the

math waveform on and off.

20 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 47

Operating Basics

Horizontal Co

ntrols

2-channe

Position. Adjusts the horizontal position of all channel and math waveforms.

The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. (See page 106,

Window Z

lmodel

one.)

4-channe

lmodel

NOTE. To make a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the Scale knob

to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then turn the Scale knob back to the previous value.

Horiz Menu. Displays the Horizontal Menu.

Set to Zero. Sets the horizontal position to zero.

Scale. Selects the Horizontal Scale (seconds/division) for the main or the window

e base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window

tim zone by changing the window time base. (See page 106, Window Zone.)

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 21

Page 48

Operating Basics

Trigger Contr

ols

2-channel model

Level. When you use an Edge or Pulse trigger, the Trigger Level knob sets the

amplitude level that the signal must cross to acquire a waveform.

Trig Men

u. Displays the Trigger Menu.

4-channel model

Set to 50%. The trigger level is set to the vertical midpoint between the peaks of

the trigger signal.

Force Trig. Completes an acquisition regardless of an adequate trigger signal.

utton has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped.

This b

Trig View. Displays the trigger waveform in place of the channel waveform while you hold down the Trig View button. Use this to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

22 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 49

Operating Basics

Menu and Contr

ol Buttons

Multipurpose knob

Refer to the Reference chapter for detailed information on the menu and button controls.

Multipurpose Knob. Thefunctionisdeterminedbythedisplayedmenuorselected menu option. When active, the adjacent LED lights. The next table lists the functions.

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Cursor Cursor 1 or Cursor 2

Display Brightness

Help

Horizontal

Math

Measure Type

Save/Recall

Trigger

Positions the selected cursor

Changes the brightness of the display

Scroll Selects entries in the Index; selects

links in a topic; displays the next or previous page for a topic.

Set Trigger Holdoff Sets the amount of time before another

trigger event can be accepted; (See page 119, Trigger Holdoff.)

Position

Vertical Scale Changes the scale of the Math

Action

File selection

Video line number

Pulse width

Positions the Math waveform

waveform

Selects the type of automatic measurement for each source.

Sets the transaction as save or recall for setup ﬁles, waveform ﬁles, or screen images. Use also to display or remove Ref waveforms from the display.

Selects setup, waveform or image ﬁ les to save, or selects setup or waveform ﬁles to recall.

Sets the oscilloscope to a speciﬁcline number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number.

Sets the width of the pulse when the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 23

Page 50

Operating Basics

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Utility ► File

Utility ► Op Date and Time

tions ► Set

Utilities

File selectio

Name entry

Value entry

Selects ﬁles to rename or delete; (S ee page 121, File Utilities.)

Renames the ﬁle or folder; (See page 122, Rename

Sets the val (See page 121, Setting the Date and

Time.)

File or Folder.)

ue for the date and time;

AutoRange. Displays the Autorange Menu, and activates or deactivates the autoranging function. When autoranging is active, the adjacent LED lights.

Save/Recall. Displays the Save/Recall Menu for setups and waveforms.

Measure. Displays the automated measurements menu.

Acquire. Displays the Acquire Menu.

Application. Displays a menu when an Application Key is inserted in the front of

cilloscope, for example Power Analysis.

the os

Utility. Displays the Utility Menu.

Cursor. Displays the Cursor Menu. Cursors remain visible (unless the Type

option is set to Off) after you leave the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable.

Display. Displays the Display Menu.

Help. Displays the Help Menu.

Default Setup. Recalls the factory setup.

AutoSet. Automatically sets the oscilloscope controls to produce a usable display

of the input signals.

Single. Acquires a single waveform and then stops.

Run/Stop. Continuously acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition.

Print.

Starts print operations through the Centronics or RS-232 ports, or

performs the Save function to the removable mass storage.

Save. An LED indicates when the

printbuttonisconﬁguredtosavedatato

the CompactFlash card.

24 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 51

Operating Basics

Input Connect

ors

2-channel model

4-channel model

1, 2, 3 & 4. Channel input connectors for waveform display.

Ext Trig. Input connector for an external trigger source. Use the Trigger Menu to

select the Ext, or Ext/5 trigger source. Push and hold the Trig View button to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 25

Page 52

Operating Basics

Other Front-P

anel Items

TYPE 1 Compa

storage. When saving data to or retrieving data from a CF card, the adjacent LED lights. Wait until the LED goes out to remove the card.

Application Key. Insert an Application Key to enable an optional application, such as power analysis.

Battery Charging. An LED indicates when the oscilloscope is charging installed battery packs.

Probe Comp. Probe compensation output and chassis reference. Use to electrically match a voltage probe to the oscilloscope input circuit. (Seepage13,

Manua

l Probe Compensation.)

ctFlash. Insert a CompactFlash (CF) card for removable memory

The probe compensation reference lead connects to earth ground and is then

idered to be a ground terminal when using the oscilloscope AC adapter. (See

cons page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

CAUTION. When using the AC adapter, do not connect a voltage source to any

exposed metal as this may damage the oscilloscope or the circuit under test.

26 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 53

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

This chapter contains general information that you need to understand before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the fol

Setting up the oscilloscope

Triggering

Acquiring signals (waveforms)

Scaling and positioning waveforms

Measuring waveforms

lowing functions:

The next and their relationships to each other.

ﬁgure shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 27

Page 54

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Setting Up the

Using Autoset

Using Autorange

Saving a Setup

Oscilloscope

You should become familiar with several functions that you may use often when operating your oscilloscope: Autoset, Autorange, saving a setup, and recalling asetup.

Each time you push the AutoSet button, the Autoset function obtains a stable waveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal scale and t in the graticule area, depending on the signal type.

Autorange is a continuous function that you can enable or disable. The function adjusts when you physically move the probe to a different point.

The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait ﬁve seconds after the last change the next time you apply power.

You ca

You can also save setups to the CompactFlash card. The oscilloscope

mmodates a Type 1 CompactFlash card for removable mass storage. (See

acco page 81, Removable Mass Storage.)

rigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurements

setup values to track a signal when the signal exhibits large changes or

before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup

n use the Save/Recall Menu to save up to ten different setups.

Recalling a Setup

Default Setup

The oscilloscope can recall the last setup before the oscilloscope was powered off,

y saved setups, or the default setup. (See page 109, Save/Recall.)

The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. Push the Default Setup buttontorecallmostofthefactoryoptionandcontrol

ettings, but not all. Appendix E lists the default settings that will be recalled.

28 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 55

Triggering

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and to display a waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.

Triggered waveform Untriggered waveforms

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 22, Trigger Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 114, Trigger Controls.)

When you push the Run/Stop or the Single button to start an acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through the following steps:

urce

ypes

1. Acquires enough data to ﬁll the portion of the waveform record to the left of the trigger point. This is called the pretrigger.

2. Continues to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition to occur.

3. Detects the trigger condition.

4. Continues to acquire data until the waveform record is full.

5. Displays the newly-acquired waveform.

NOTE. For Edge and Pulse triggers, the oscilloscope counts the rate at which

trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency. The oscilloscope displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen.

You can use the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the oscilloscope uses as a trigger. The source can be any signal connected to a channel BNC, or to the Ext Trig BNC.

The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Edge, Video, and Pulse Width.

Modes

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 29

You can select the Auto or the Normal trigger mode to deﬁne how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. (See page 115, Mode Options.)

To perform a single sequence acquisition, push the Single button.

Page 56

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Slope a

Coupling

Position

nd Level

You can use the T

rigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the trigger circuit. This can help you attain a stable display ofthe waveform.

To use trigger coupling, push the Trig M enu button, select an Edge or Pulse trigger, and select a Coupling option.

NOTE. Trigger coupling affects only the signal passed to the trigger system. It

does not affect the bandwidth or coupling of the signal displayed on the screen.

To view the conditioned signal being passed to the trigger circuit, push and hold down the Tri g View button.

The horizontal position control establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information for information on how to use this control to position the trigger. (See page32, Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information.)

The Slope and Level controls help to deﬁne the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigger type only) determines whether the oscilloscope ﬁnds the trigger point on the rising or the falling edge of a signal. The Trigger Level knob controls where

e edge the trigger point occurs.

on th

Trigger level can be adjusted

vertically

Rising edge Falling edge

Trigger can be rising or falling

30 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 57

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Acquiring Sig

Acquisition Modes

nals

When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode deﬁnes how the signal is digitized, and the time b

There are three acquisition modes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average.

Sample. In spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately represents signals most of the time.

However, this mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may occur between samples. This can result in aliasing, and may cause narrow pulses tobe missed. (See page 32, Time Domain Aliasing.) In these cases, you should use the Peak Detect Mode to acquire data.

Peak De

lowest values of the input signal over each sample interval and uses these values to display the waveform. In this way, the oscilloscope can acquire and display narrow pulses, which may have otherwise been missed in Sample mode. Noise will appear to be higher in this mode.

ase setting affects the time span and level of detail in the acquisition.

this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal in evenly

tect. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope ﬁnds the highest and

age. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope acquires several waveforms,

Aver

averages them, and displays the resulting waveform. You can use this mode to reduce random noise.

e oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal

Time Base

Th at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the values are digitized.

To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the Scale knob.

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms

You can change the display of waveforms by adjusting the scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease insize. When you change the position, the waveform will move up, down, right, or left.

The channel indicator (located on the left of the graticule) identiﬁes each waveform on the display. The indicator points to the ground reference levelof the waveform record.

You can view the display area and readouts. (See page 16, Display Area.)

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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Vertical Scale and Position

Horizontal Scale and

Position; Pretrigger

Informat

ion

You can change t

he vertical position of waveforms by moving them up or down in the display. To compare data, you can align a waveform above another or you can align waveforms on top of each other.

You can change the vertical scale of a waveform. The waveform display will contract or expand relative to the ground reference level.

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 20, Vertical Controls.) Refer also to the Reference chapter. (See page 123, Vertical Controls.)

You can adjust the Horizontal Position control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to move the waveform to the right or left o

nthedisplay.)

For example, if you want to ﬁnd the cause of a glitch in your test circuit, you might t

rigger on the glitch and make the pretrigger period large enough to capture data before the glitch. You can then analyze the pretrigger data and perhapsﬁnd the cause of the glitch.

You change the horizontal scale of all the waveforms by turning the Scale knob. For example, you might want to see just one cycle of a waveform to measure the overshoot on its rising edge.

The oscilloscope shows the horizontal scale as time per division in the scale readout. Since all active waveforms use the same time base, the oscilloscope only displays one value for all the active channels, except when you use Window Zone. Refer to Window Zone for information on how to use the window function.

ee page 106, Window Zone.)

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter.

ee page 21, Position .) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 105,

(S Horizontal.)

Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does not sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this happens, the oscilloscope displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.

Actual high-frequency waveform

Apparent low-frequency

waveformduetoaliasing

Sample points

32 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 59

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

The oscillosco bandwidth, the oscilloscope bandwidth, and the sample rate. To avoid aliasing, the oscilloscope must sample the signal more than twice as fast as the highest frequency component of the signal.

The highest frequency that the oscilloscope sampling rate can theoretically represent is the Nyquist frequency. The sample rate is called the Nyquist rate, and is twice the Nyquist frequency.

Oscilloscope models with 100 MHz bandwidths sample at rates up to 1 GS/s. Models with 200 MHz bandwidths sample at rates up to 2 GS/s. In both cases, these maximum sample rates are at least ten times the bandwidth. These high sample ra

There are several ways to check for aliasing:

Turn the Scale knob to change the horizontal scale. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

Select the Peak Detect acquisition mode. (See page 31, Peak Detect.) This mode samples the highest and lowest values so that the oscilloscope can detec may have aliasing.

If the aliasing or a waveform that crosses the trigger level multiple times. Examining the waveform allows you to identify whether the shape of the signal is going to allow a single trigger crossing per cycle at the selected trigger level.

pe accurately represents signals, but is limited by the probe

tes help reduce the possibility of aliasing.

t faster signals. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you

trigger frequency is faster than the display information, you may have

If multiple triggers are likely to occur, select a trigger level that will generate only a single trigger per cycle. If the trigger frequency is still faster than the display indicates, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is slower, this test is not useful.

If the signal you are viewing is also the trigger source, use the graticule orthe cursors to estimate the frequency of the displayed waveform. Compare this to the Trigger Frequency readout in the lower right corner of the screen. If they differ by a large amount, you may have aliasing.

The next table lists the time base settings that you can use to avoid aliasingat various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest Horizontal Scale setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations ofthe oscilloscope input ampliﬁers.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 33

Page 60

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Settings to avo

id aliasing in Sample mode

Time base Samples per second Maximum

2.5 ns

5.0 to 250.0 n

500.0 ns

1.0 μs

2.5 μs

5.0 μs

10.0 μs

25.0 μs

50.0 μs

100.0 μ

250.0 μ

μs

500.0

1.0 m

2.5 m

5.0

0ms

10.

.0 ms

00.0 ms

50.0 ms

500.0 ms

1.0 s

2.5 s

5.0 s

10.0 s

25.0 s

50.0 s

Depending on the oscilloscope model.

2GS/s

1GS/sor2GS/s

500.0 MS/s

250.0 MS/s

100.0 MS/s

50.0 MS/s

25.0 MS/s

10.0 MS/s

5.0 MS/s

2.5 MS/s

1.0 MS/s

500.0 kS/s

250.0 kS/s

100.0 kS/s

50.0 kS/s

25.0 kS/s

10.0 kS/s

5.0 kS/s

2.5 kS/s

1.0 kS/s

500.0 S/s

250.0 S/s

100.0 S/s

50.0 S/s

25.0 S/s

10.0 S/s

5.0 S/s

200.0 MHz

125.0 MHz

50.0 MHz

25.0 MHz

12.5 MHz

5.0 MHz

2.5 MHz

1.25 MH

500.0 k

kHz

250.0

0kHz

125.

kHz

50.0

0kHz

25.

5kHz

12.

0kHz

5kHz

.25 kHz

00.0 Hz

250.0 Hz

125.0 Hz

50.0 Hz

25.0 Hz

12.5 Hz

5.0 Hz

2.5 Hz

34 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 61

Taking Measurements

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform.

There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement.

Graticule

This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you might look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV.

You can take simple measurements by counting the major and minor graticule divisions involved and multiplying by the scale factor.

For example, if you counted ﬁve major vertical graticule divisions betweenthe minimum and maximum values of a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100 mV/division, then you could calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows:

5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV

Cursor

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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Cursors

Automatic

This method all always appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts. There are two types of cursors: Amplitude and Time.

When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to measure.

To use cursors, push the Cursor button.

Amplitude Cursors. Amplitude cursors appear as horizontal lines on the display and measure the vertical parameters. Amplitudes are referenced to the reference level. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure magnitude.

Time Cursors. Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and measure both horizontal and vertical parameters. Times are referenced to the trigger point. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure frequency.

Time cursors also include a readout of the waveform amplitude at the point the waveform crosses the cursor.

The Measure Menu can take up to ﬁve automatic measurements. When you take automatic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating for you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements.

ows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which

Automatic measurements use readouts to show measurement results. These readouts are updated periodically as the oscilloscope acquires new data.

For measurement descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 108, Taking Measurements.)

36 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 63

Application Examples

This section presents a series of application examples. These simpliﬁed examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and give you ideas for using it tosolve your own test problems.

Taking simple measurements

Using Autoset

Using the Measure Menu to take automatic measurements

Measuring

Using Autorange to examine a series of test points

Using an isolated channel to analyze a differential communication signal

Viewing an instantaneous power waveform

Taking cursor measurements

Measuring ring frequency and ring amplitude

Measur

Measuring rise time

Analyzing signal detail

Looking at a noisy signal

Using the average function to separate a signal from noise

Capturing a single-shot signal

imizing the acquisition

Opt

Measuring propagation delay

Triggering on a pulse width

two signals and calculating gain

ing pulse width

Triggering on a video signal

Triggering on video ﬁelds and video lines

Using the window function to see waveform details

Viewing impedance changes in a network using XY mode and persistence

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 37

Page 64

Application Examples

Taking Simple

Using Autoset

Measurements

You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or frequency of the signal. You want to quickly display the signal and measure the frequency, p

To quickly display a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the Channel 1 button.

eriod, and peak-to-peak amplitude.

2. Push P

3. Connect the channel 1 probe tip to the signal. Connect the reference lead to

the ci

4. Push the AutoSet button.

The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize the display of the waveform, you can manually adjust

se controls.

the

NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the

waveform area of the screen based on the signal type that is detected.

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 98, Autoset.)

robe ► Vo ltag e ►Attenuation ► 10X.

rcuit reference point.

38 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 65

Application Examples

Taking Automatic

Measurements

The oscillosco

NOTE. If a question mark (?) appears in the Value readout, the signal is outside

the measurement range. Adjust the Vertical Scale knob of the appropriate channel to decrease the sensitivity or change the Horizontal Scale setting.

To measure signal frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive width, follow these steps:

1. Push the Measure button to see the Measure Menu.

2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

3. Push Type ► Freq.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

4. Push the

5. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.

6. Push Type ► Period.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

pe can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals.

Back option button.

7. Push the Back option.

8. Push the middle option ; the Measure 3 Menu appears.

9. Push

10. Push the Back option.

11. Push the second option from the bottom; the Measure 4 Menu appears.

12. Push Type ► Rise Time.

13.P

Type ► Pk-Pk.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

ush the Back option.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 39

Page 66

Application Examples

14. Push the bottom

option ; the Measure 5 Menu appears.

15. Push Type ► Pos Width.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

16. Push the Back option.

CH1 Freq

1.000kHz

CH1

Period

1.000ms

CH1

Pk-Pk

5.04V

CH1

Rise Time

2.611µs?

CH1

Pos Width

500.0µs

40 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 67

Application Examples

Measuring Two Signals

If you are testi

ng a piece of equipment and need to measure the gain of the audio ampliﬁer, you will need an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the ampliﬁer input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the ampliﬁer input and output as shown next. Measure both signal levels and use the measurements to calculate the gain.

CH1

Pk-Pk

2.04V

CH2

Pk-Pk

206mV

CH1

None

CH1

None

CH1

None

To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, and select measurements for the two channels, follow these steps:

1. Push the AutoSet.

2. Push the Measure to see the Measure Menu.

3. Push the top option ; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

4. Push Source ► CH1.

5. Push Type ► Pk-Pk.

6. Push the Back option.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 41

Page 68

Application Examples

7. Push the second

option from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.

8. Push Source ► CH2.

9. Push Type ► Pk-Pk.

10. Push the Back option.

Read the displayed peak-to-peak amplitudes for both channels.

11. To calculate the ampliﬁer voltage gain, use these equations:

VoltageGa

VoltageGain (dB) = 20 × log

in = output amplitude/input amplitude

(VoltageGain)

42 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Page 69

Application Examples

Using Autoran

ge to Examine a Series of Test Points

If you have a machine that is malfunctioning, you may need to ﬁnd the frequency and RMS voltage of several test points, and compare these values to ideal values. You are not ab when probing test points that are difﬁcult to physically reach:

1. Push the cha

2. Push Probe ► Vo ltage ► Attenuation and set to match the attenuation

of the prob

3. Push the AutoRange to activate autoranging.

4. Push the Measure to see the Measure Menu.

5. Push the top option ; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

6. Push Source ► Channel 1.

7. Push Type ► Freq.

8. Push th

9. Push the second option from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.

10. Push Source ► Channel 1.

le to access front-panel controls since you need to use both hands

nnel 1.

e attached to channel 1.

e Back option.

11. Push Typ e ► Cyc RMS.

12. Push the Back option.

13. Attach the probe tip and reference lead to the ﬁrst test point. Read the

frequency and cycle RMS measurements from the oscilloscope display and compare these to the ideal values.

14. Repeat step 13 for each test point, until you ﬁnd the malfunctioning

component.

NOTE. When Autorange is active, each time you move the probe to another test

point, the oscilloscope readjusts the horizontal scale, the vertical scale, and the trigger level, to give you a useful display.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 43

Page 70

Application Examples

Using an Isola

ted Channel to Analyze a Differential Communication Signal

You are having intermittent problems with a serial data communication link, and you suspect poor signal quality. Set up the oscilloscope to show you a snapshot of the serial da

This is a differential signal. Because the oscilloscope has isolated channels, you can view the

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the TPP0101 or TPP0201 probe reference lead to >

30 V

RMS

or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

ta stream so you can verify the signal levels and transition times.

signal with a single probe.

. Use the P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

, s ubject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III)

To view the differential signal, follow these steps:

1. Co

nnect the probe tip to one side of the signal.

2. Connect the probe reference lead to the other side of the signal.

3. Push the AutoSet.

For a more stable display, push the Single to control the acquisition of the waveform. Each time you push the button, the oscilloscope acquires a snapshot of the digital data stream. You can use the cursors or automatic measurements to analyze the waveform, or you can store the waveform to analyze later.

44 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

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Application Examples

Viewing a Math

Instantaneous Power Waveform

You can use a voltage probe, a current probe, and the oscilloscope math multiply function to view an instantaneous power waveform.

NOTE. Be sur

using. Do not exceed the probe rating. (See page 4, Probe Connection.)

e to understand the rating of the voltage or current probes you are

To view a math instantaneous power waveform, follow these steps:

1. Connect a voltage probe to channel 1, and a current probe to channel 2.

WAR NI NG . Do not ﬂoat the TPP0101 or TPP0201 probe reference lead to >

30 V

. Use the P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

, s ubject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

2. Push the channel 1.

3. Push Probe ► Vo ltage ► Attenuation and set to match the attenuation

of the voltage probe.

4. Push the channel 2.

5. Push Probe ► Current ► Scale and set to match the scale of the current

probe.

6. Push the AutoSet.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 45

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Application Examples

7. Push Math ►Oper

8. Push Sources ► CH1 × CH2.

NOTE. The ver

9. To obtain a better view of the Math instantaneous power waveform, you can use the following oscilloscope functions:

From the Math menu, push the Position option and turn the multipurpose

knob to adjust the vertical position

From the Math menu, push the Vertical Scale option and turn the

multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical scale

tical units of the instantaneous power waveform are VA.

ation ► × (multiply).

Taking Cursor Measurements

You can use the cursors to quickly take time and amplitude measurements on a waveform.

Measuring Ring Frequency

and Amplitude

To measure the ring frequency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the Cursor to see the Cursor Menu.

ush Ty pe ► Time.

2.P

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 option.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of the ring.

6. Push the Cursor 2 option.

Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to adjust the horizontal scale

Push the channel 1 and 2 s to remove the channel waveforms from the

display

46 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

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Application Examples

7. Turn the multip

urpose knob to place a cursor on the second peak of the ring.

You can see the Δ (delta) time and frequency (the measured ring frequency) in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 540.0ns

1/Δt 1.852MHz

ΔV 0.44V

Cursor1

180ns

1.40V

Cursor2

720ns

0.96V

8. Push Typ e ► Amplitude.

9. Push the Cursor 1 option.

10. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of the ring.

11. Push the Cursor 2 option.

Measuring Pulse Width

12. Turn the multipurpose knob to place Cursor 2 on the lowest part of the ring.

You can see the amplitude of the ring in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Amplitude

Source

CH1

ΔV 640mV

Cursor 1

1.46V

Cursor 2

820mV

If you are analyzing a pulse waveform and you want to know the width of the pulse, follow these steps:

1. Push the Cursor to see the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Type ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 47

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Application Examples

4. Push the Cursor

1 option.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the rising edge of the pulse.

6. Push the Cursor 2 option.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the falling edge of the pulse.

You can see the following measurements in the Cursor Menu:

The time at Cursor 1, relative to the trigger.

The time at

Cursor 2, relative to the trigger.

The Δ (delta) time, which is the pulse width measurement.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 500.0µs

1/Δt 2.000kHz

ΔV 1.38V

Cursor 1

0.00s

0.98V

Cursor 2

500µs

-1.00V

Measuring Rise Time

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement is available as an automatic measurement

in the Measure Menu. (See page 108, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement also displays when you select the

Single-Cycle Square option in the Autoset Menu. (See page 100, Square Wave or Pulse.)

After measuring the pulse width, you decide that you need to check the rise time of the pulse. Typically, you measure rise time between the 10% and 90% levelsof the waveform. To measure the rise time, follow these steps:

1. Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to display the rising edge of the waveform.

2. Turn the Vertical Scale and Position knobs to set the waveform amplitude to

about ﬁve divisions.

3. Push the channel 1.

4. Push Volt s /Div ► Fine.

48 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

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Application Examples

5. Turn the Vertic

al Scale knob to set the waveform amplitude to exactly ﬁve

divisions.

6. Turn the Verti

cal Position knob to center the waveform; position the baseline

of the waveform 2.5 divisions below the center graticule.

7. Push the Cur

sor to see the Cursor Menu.

8. Push Type ► Time.

9. Push Source ► CH1.

10. Push the Cursor 1 option.

11. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor at the point where the waveform

crosses the second graticule line below center screen. This is the 10% level of the waveform.

12. Push the Cursor 2 option.

13. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor at the point where the waveform

crosses the second graticule line above center screen. This is the 90% level of the waveform.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the rise time of the waveform.

5 divisions

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 140.0ns

1/Δt 7.143MHz

ΔV 2.08V

Cursor 1

-80.0ns

-1.02V

Cursor 2

60.0ns

1.06V

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement is available as an automatic measurement in

the Measure Menu. (See page 108, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement also displays when you select the Rising Edge

option in the Autoset Menu. (See page 100, Square Wave or Pulse.)

TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 49

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Application Examples

Analyzing Sig

nal Detail

Looking at a Noisy Signal

You have a noisy signal displayed on the oscilloscope and you need to know more about it. You suspect that the signal contains much more detail than you can now see in the

The signal appears noisy and you suspect that noise is causing problems in your

. To better analyze the noise, follow these steps:

circuit

1. Push the Acquire to see the Acquire Menu.

display.

2. Push the Peak Detect option.

3. If necessary, push the Display to see the Display Menu. Use the Brightness

option with the multipurpose knob to adjust the display to see the noise more easily.

Peak detect emphasizes noise spikes and glitches in your signal, especially when the time base is set to a slow setting.

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Application Examples

Separating the Signal from

Noise

Now you want to a noise in the oscilloscope display, follow these steps:

1. Push the Acqui

2. Push the Av era ge option.

3. Push the Ave rag es option to see the effects of varying the number of running

averages on the waveform display.

Averaging reduces random noise and makes it easier to see detail in a signal.In the example below, a ring shows on the rising and falling edges of the signal when the noise is removed.

nalyze the signal shape and ignore the noise. To reduce random

re to see the Acquire Menu.

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal

The reliability of a reed relay in a piece of equipment has been poor and you need to investigate the problem. You suspect that the relay contacts arc when the relay opens. The fastest that you can open and close the relay is about once per minute,

u need to capture the voltage across the relay as a single-shot acquisition.

so yo

To set up for a single-shot acquisition, follow these steps:

1. Turn the horizontal and vertical Scale knobs to the appropriate ranges for the signal you expect to see.

2. Push the Acquire to see the Acquire Menu.

3. Push the Peak Detect option.

4. Push the Trig M enu to see the Trigger Menu.

5. Push Slope ► Rising.

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Application Examples

Optimizing the Acquisition

6. Turn the Trigge between the open and closed voltages of the relay.

7. Push the Singl

When the relay opens, the oscilloscope triggers and captures the event.

The initial acquisition shows the relay contact beginning to open at the trigger point. This is followed by a large spike that indicates contact bounce and

ance in the circuit. The inductance can cause contact arcing and premature

induct relay failure.

r Level knob to adjust the trigger level to a voltage midway

e to start the acquisition.

You can before the next single-shot event is captured. When the next acquisition is captured with the new settings (push the Single again), you can see that the contact bounces several times as it opens.

use the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls to optimize the settings

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Measuring Propagation Delay

You suspect that the memory timing in a microprocessor circuit is marginal.Set up the oscilloscope to measure the propagation delay between the chip-select signal and the data output of the memory device.

Application Examples

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 20.00ns

1/Δt 50.00MHz

ΔV 0.28V

Cursor 1

50.0ns

-0.20V

Cursor 2

70.0ns

0.08V

To set up to measure propagation delay, follow these steps:

1. Push the AutoSet to trigger a stable display.

2. Adjust the horizontal and vertical controls to optimize the display.

3. Push the Cursor to see the Cursor Menu.

4. Push Type ► Time.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Cursor 1 option.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the active edge of the

chip-select signal.

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Application Examples

8. Push the Cursor

9. Turn the multipurpose knob to place the second cursor on the data output

transition.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the propagation delay between the waveforms. Vertical Scale setting.

The readout is valid because the two waveforms have the same

Triggering on a Speciﬁc Pulse Width

You are testing the pulse widths of a signal in a circuit. It is critical that the pulses all be a speciﬁc width, and you need to verify that they are. Edge triggering shows that your signal is as speciﬁed, and the pulse width measurement does not vary from the speciﬁcation. However, you think there might be a problem.

2 option.

To set up a test for pulse width aberrations, follow these steps:

1. Push the AutoSet to trigger a stable display.

2. Push the Single Cycle option in the Autoset Menu to view a single cycle of

the signal, and to quickly take a Pulse Width measurement.

3. Push the Trig M enu to see the Trigger Menu.

4. Push Type ► Pulse.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

rn the Trigger Level knob to set the trigger level near the bottom of the

6. Tu

signal.

sh When ► = (equals).

7. Pu

8. Turn the multipurpose knob to set the pulse width to the value reported by the

ulse Width measurement in step 2.

9. Push More ► Mode ► Normal.

You can achieve a stable display with the oscilloscope triggering on normal pulses:

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Application Examples

10. Push the When op meet the speciﬁed When condition, the oscilloscope triggers.

NOTE. The trigger frequency readout shows the frequency of events that the

oscilloscope might consider to be a trigger, and may be less than the frequency of the input signal in Pulse Width trigger mode.

Triggering on a Video Signal

You are testing the video circuit in a piece of medical equipment and need to

y the video output signal. The video output is an NTSC standard signal. Use

displa the video trigger to obtain a stable display.

tion to select ≠, <,or>. If there are any aberrant pulses that

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Application Examples

Trigger

ingonVideoFields

NOTE. Most v

properly terminate low impedance cabling. To avoid amplitude inaccuracy from improper loading and reﬂections, place a 75 ohm feedthrough terminator (Tektronix part number 011-0055-02 or equivalent) between the 75 ohm coaxial cable from the signal source and the oscilloscope BNC input.

Automat

1. Push the AutoSet. When Autoset is complete, the oscilloscope displays the video s

The oscilloscope sets the Standard option when you use the Autoset function.

2. Push the Odd Field or Even Field option s from the Autoset Menu to sync on odd or even ﬁelds only.

Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but may be necessary depending on the video signal. To use the manual method, follow these steps:

1. Push the channel 1.

2. Pus

3. Push the Trig M enu to see the Trigger Menu.

ideo systems use 75 ohm cabling. The oscilloscope inputs do not

ic. To trigger on the video ﬁelds, follow these steps:

ignal with sync on All Fields.

h Coupling ► AC.

4. Push the top option and select Video.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Sync option and select All Fields, Odd Field,orEven Field.

7. Push Standard ► NTSC.

8. Turn the horizontal Scale knob to see a complete ﬁeld across the screen.

9. Turn the vertical Scale knob to ensure that the entire video signal is visible

on the screen.

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Application Examples

Triggering on V

ideo Lines

Automatic. You

can also look at the video lines in the ﬁeld. To trigger on the

video lines, follow these steps:

1. Push AutoSet.

2. Push the top option to select Line to sync on all lines. (The AutoSet Menu includes Al

lLinesand Line Number options.)

Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but may be necessary depending on the video signal. To use this method, follow these steps:

1. Push the Trig Menu button to see the Trigger Menu.

2. Push the top option button and select Video.

3. Push the S

ync option button and select All Lines or Line Number and turn

the multipurpose knob to set a speciﬁc line number.

4. Push Sta

ndard ► NTSC.

5. Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to see a complete video line across the screen.

6. Turn the Vertical Scale knob to ensure that the entire video signal is visible

on the screen.

Incoming video signal

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Application Examples

Using t he Window

Function to See Waveform

Details

You c an u s e t h e w waveform without changing the main display.

Ifyouwanttov without changing the main display, follow these steps:

1. Push the Hor Main option.

2. Push the Win

3. Turn the Horizontal Scale knob and select 500 ns. This will be the

seconds/d

4. Turn the Horizontal Position knob to position the window around the portion of the wav

indow (zoom) function to examine a speciﬁc portion of a

iew the color burst in the previous waveform in more detail

izontal Menu button to see the Horizontal Menu and select the

dow Zone option button.

ivision setting of the expanded view.

eform that you want to expand.

1. Push the Window option button to see the expanded portion of the waveform.

2. Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to optimize viewing the expanded waveform.

To switch between the Main and Window views, push the Main or Window option button in the Horizontal Menu.

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Application Examples

Viewing Imped

ance Changes in a Network

You have designed a circuit that needs to operate over a wide temperature range. You need to evaluate the change in impedance of the circuit as the ambient temperature

Connect the oscilloscope to monitor the input and output of the circuit and capture the changes

is changed.

that occur as you vary the temperature.

To view the input and output of the circuit in an XY display, follow these steps:

1. Push the channel 1 button.

2. Push Probe ► Voltage ►Attenuation ► 10X.

sh the channel 2 button.

3. Pu

4. Push Probe ► Volta g e ► Attenuation ► 10X.

5. Connect the channel 1 probe to the input of the network, and connect the

channel 2 probe to the output.

6. Push the AutoSet button.

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Application Examples

7. Turn the Vertic signals on each channel.

8. Push the Displ

9. Push Format ► XY.

The oscilloscope displays a Lissajous pattern representing the input and output characteristics of the circuit.

10. Turn the Vertical Scale and Position knobs to optimize the display.

11. Push Persist ► Inﬁnite.

12. Push the Brightness option button and turn the multipurpose knob to adjust

the display.

As you adjust the ambient temperature, the display persistence captures the changes in the characteristics of the circuit.

al Scale knobs to display approximately the same amplitude

ay button to see the Display Menu.

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Page 87

Math FFT

This chapter contains detailed information on how to use the Math FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). You can use the FFT Math mode to convert a time-domain (YT) signal into its frequency components (spectrum). You can use the Math FFT mode for the following types of analysis:

Analyze harmonics in power lines

Measure harmonic content and distortion in systems

Characterize noise in DC power supplies

Test impulse response of ﬁlters and systems

Analyze v

To use the Math FFT mode, you need to perform the following tasks:

Set up the source (time-domain) waveform

Display the FFT spectrum

Select a type of FFT window

Adjust the sample rate to display the fundamental frequency and harmonics without aliasing

Use zoom controls to magnify the spectrum

Use c

NOTE. For viewing the harmonics of power systems, the harmonics feature

available with the optional TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis application is optimized for power measurements.

ibration

ursors to measure the spectrum

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Math FFT

Setting Up the

Time-Domain Waveform

Before you use FFT mode, you need to set up the time-domain (YT) waveform. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push AutoSet to display a YT waveform.

2. Turn the Vertical Position knob to move the YT waveform to the center

vertically (zero divisions).

This ensures that the FFT will show a true DC value.

3. Turn the Horizontal Position knob to position the part of the YT waveform that you want to analyze in the center eight divisions of the screen.

The oscilloscope calculates the FFT spectrum using the center 2048 points of the time-domain waveform.

4. Turn the Vertical Scale knob to ensure that the entire waveform remains on the screen. The oscilloscope may display erroneous FFT results (by adding high frequency components) if the entire waveform is not visible.

5. Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to provide the resolution you want in the FFT spectrum.

6. If possible, set the oscilloscope to display many signal cycles.

If you turn the Horizontal Scale knob to select a faster setting (fewer cycles), the FFT spectrum shows a larger frequency range, and reduces the possibility of FFT aliasing. (See page 67, FFT Aliasing.) However, the oscilloscope also displays less frequency resolution.

To set up the FFT display, follow these steps:

1. Push the Math button to see the Math Menu.

2. Push Operation ► FFT.

3. Select the Source channel for the Math FFT.

n many cases, the oscilloscope can produce a useful FFT spectrum even if the

I YT waveform is not triggered. This is especially true if your signal is periodic or random (noisy).

NOTE. Trigger and position any transient or burst waveforms as closely as

possible to the center of the screen.

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Math FFT

Nyquist Frequency

The highest fre without errors is one-half the sample rate. This frequency is called the Nyquist frequency. Frequency information above the Nyquist frequency is undersampled, which causes FFT aliasing. (See page 67, FFT Aliasing.)

The math function transforms the center 2048 points of the time-domain waveform into an FFT spectrum. The resulting FFT spectrum contains 1024 points that go from DC (0 Hz) to the Nyquist frequency.

Normally, the display compresses the FFT spectrum horizontally into 250 points, but you can use the FFT Zoom function to expand the FFT spectrum to more clearly see the frequency components at each of the 1024 data points in the FFT spectrum

NOTE. The oscilloscope vertical response rolls off slowly above its bandwidth

(100 MHz or 200 MHz, depending on the m odel, or 20 MHz when the Bandwidth Limit option is set to ON). Therefore, the FFT spectrum can show valid frequency information higher than the oscilloscope bandwidth. However, the magnitude information near or above the bandwidth will not be accurate.

quency that any real-time digitizing oscilloscope can measure

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Math FFT

Displaying th

eFFTSpectrum

Push the Math button to display the Math Menu. Use the options to select the Source channel, Window algorithm, and FFT Zoom factor. You can display only one FFT spect

Math FFT option Settings Comments

Source Channel 1, 2, 31,4

Window Hanning, Flattop, Rectangular

FFT Zoom X1, X2, X5, X10

Available only on a 4-channel oscilloscope.

rum at a time.

Selects the channel used as the FFT source

Selects the FFT window type; (See page 65, Selecting

an FFT Wind

Changes t (See page 68, Magnifying and Positioning an FFT

Spectrum.)

ow.)

he horizontal magniﬁcation of the FFT display;

Fundamental

ncy

freque component

1. Frequency at the center graticule line.

2. Vertical scale in dB per division (0 dB = 1 V

3. Hor

izontal scale in frequency per division.

4. Sample rate in number of samples per second.

5. FFT window type.

RMS

Frequency component

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Math FFT

SelectinganF

FT Window

Windows reduce spectral leakage in the FFT spectrum. The FFT assumes that the YT waveform repeats forever. With an integral number of cycles (1, 2, 3, ...), the YT w discontinuities in the signal shape.

A non-integ end points to be at different amplitudes. The transitions between the startandend points cause discontinuities in the signal that introduce high-frequency transients.

aveform starts and ends at the same amplitude and there are no

ral number of cycles in the YT waveform causes the signal start and

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Math FFT

Applying a wind

ow to the YT waveform changes the waveform so that the start

and stop values are close to each other, reducing the discontinuities.

The Mat

h FFT function includes three FFT Window options. There is a trade-off between frequency resolution and amplitude accuracy with each type of window. What you want to measure and your source signal characteristics will help you to determine which window to use.

Window Measure Characteristics

Hanning

Flattop

Rectangular Pulses or transients

Periodic waveforms Better frequency, poorer magnitude

accuracy than Flattop.

Periodic waveforms Better m agnitude, poorer frequency

accuracy than Hanning.

Special-purpose window for waveforms that do not have discontinuities. This is essentially the same as no window.

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Math FFT

FFT Aliasing

Problems occur containing frequency components that are greater than the Nyquist frequency. (See page 63, Nyquist Frequency.) The frequency components that are above the Nyquist frequency are undersampled, appearing as lower frequency components that "fold back" around the Nyquist frequency. These incorrect componentsare called aliases.

when the oscilloscope acquires a time-domain waveform

Eliminating Aliases

To elim

inate aliases, try the following remedies:

Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to set the sample rate to a faster setting. Since

crease the Nyquist frequency as you increase the sample rate, the

you in aliased frequency components appear at their proper frequency. If too many frequency components are shown on the screen, you can use the FFT Zoom option to magnify the FFT spectrum.

If you do not need to view frequency components above 20 MHz, set the Bandwidth Limit option to On.

Put an external ﬁlter on the source signal to bandwidth limit the source waveform to frequencies below that of the Nyquist frequency.

Recognize and ignore the aliased frequencies.

Use zoom controls and the cursors to magnify and measure the FFT spectrum.

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Math FFT

Magnifying an

d Positioning an FFT Spectrum

Horizontal Zoom and

Position

Vertical Zoom and Position

You can magnify and use cursors to take measurements on the FFT spectrum. The oscilloscope includes an FFT Zoom option to magnify horizontally. To magnify vertically,

The FFT Zoom option lets you horizontally magnify the FFT spectrum without changing the sample rate. Zoom factors are X1 (default), X2, X5, and X10. At zoom facto line is at 0 Hz and the right graticule line is at the Nyquist frequency.

When you c center graticule line. In other words, the axis of horizontal magniﬁcationisthe center graticule line.

Turn the Horizontal Position knob clockwise to move the FFT spectrum to the right. Push the Set to Zero button to position the center of the spectrum at the center of the graticule.

The channel vertical knobs become vertical zoom and position controls for their respective channels when displaying the FFT spectrum. The Vertical Scale knob provides zoom factors of X0.5, X1 (default), X2, X5, and X10. The FFT spectrum is vertically magniﬁed about the M marker (math waveform reference point onthe left edge of the screen).

you can use the vertical controls.

r X1, and with the waveform centered in the graticule, the left graticule

hange the zoom factor, the FFT spectrum is magniﬁed about the

Turn the Vertical Position knob clockwise to move the spectrum up for the source channel.

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Math FFT

Measuring an F

FT Spectrum Using Cursors

You can take two measurements on FFT spectrums: magnitude (in dB), and frequency (in Hz). Magnitude is referenced to 0 dB, where 0 dB equals 1 V

You can use the cursors to take measurements at any zoom factor. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push the Cursor button to see the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Source ► Math.

3. Push the Typ e option button to select Magnitude or Freq.

4. Use the multipurpose knob to move cursors 1 and 2.

Use hori frequency. The options display the delta between the two cursors, the valueat cursor 1 position, and the value at cursor 2 position. Delta is the absolute value of cursor 1 minus cursor 2.

zontal cursors to measure magnitude and vertical cursors to measure

RMS

Magnitude cursors Frequency c ursors

You can also take a frequency measurement without using the cursors. To do so,

the Horizontal Position knob to position a frequency component on the center

turn graticule line and read the frequency at the top right of the display.

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Math FFT

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Communications (RS-232, Centronics, and RS-232/USB)

Use the communications functions of the oscilloscope to do the following tasks:

Send a screen image to an external device (printer or computer)

Set up and test the RS-232 interface

Set up and use the RS-232/USB cable

WAR NI NG . Do not ﬂoat the TPP0101 or TPP0201 probe reference lead to >

30 V or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the refer

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect

The oscilloscope power-up banner displays a warning message similar to that shown this warning message.

. Use the P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

RMS

ence lead above 30 V

, s ubject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III)

above. The ﬁrst RS232 command that the oscilloscope receives will clear

Sending a Screen Image to an External Device

The oscilloscope lets you send a screen image to an external device, such as a printer or computer.

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Communications (RS-232, Centronics, and RS-232/USB)

Printer Setup

To set up a print

er, follow these steps:

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

2. Push Utility ► Options ► Printer Setup.

3. Push the option buttons to change the settings to match those of your printer.

The next table lists the settings you can change.

Option Settings Comments

Print Butto

Printer Port

Printer Format

Layout Portrait, Landscape Printer output orientation.

Ink Saver On, Off

Abort Printing

Refer to the www.tek.com/printer_setup Web page for a list of compatible printers.

Prints

Centronics, RS -232 Communications port used to

DPU411, DPU412, DPU3445, Thinkjet, Deskjet, Laser Jet, Bubble Jet, Epson Dot, Epson C60, Epson C80, BMP, PCX, TIFF, RLE, EPS IMA GE

You can set the to perform other functions. (See page 83, Using the Save function of the Print Button.)

connect the oscilloscope to a printer or computer.

Type of device connected to the communications port or ﬁle format.

Prints the screen image on a white background.

Stops sending the screen image to the p rinter.

print button

The next table lists the ﬁle formats.

File form at Extension Comments

BMP BMP

PCX PCX DOS Paintbrush format.

TIFF TIF Tagged Image File Format.

RLE RLE

EPSIMAGE EPS Postscript format.

The default; this bitmap format uses a lossless compression algorithm, and is compatible with most word processing and spreadsheet programs.

Run-length encoding; this format uses a lossless compression algorithm.

NOTE. The oscilloscope stores these settings until you change them, even if you

push the Default Setup button.

IfyouusetheRS-232port,youalsoneedtosetuptheparametersfortheport appropriately for your printer.

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Communications (RS-232, Centronics, and RS-232/USB)

Testing the Prin ter Port

Printing an Oscilloscope

Screen Im

age

To test the prin

1. If you have already connected the oscilloscope to a printer, go to step 4.

2. Power off the oscilloscope and the printer.

3. Connect the oscilloscope to the printer using the appropriate cable.

4. Power on the oscilloscope and the printer.

5. If you have not done so already, deﬁne an appropriate printer setup. (See

page 72, Printer Setup.)

6. Push the oscilloscope screen within twenty seconds, depending on the selected printer.

To print a screen image, push the print button. The oscilloscope takes a few seconds to capture the screen image. The settings of your printer and print speed determine how long it takes to print the data. Additional time may be required accordi

NOTE. You can use the oscilloscope while the printer prints.

ng to the format selected.

ter port, follow these steps:

int button. The printer begins printing a copy of the

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Communications (RS-232, Centronics, and RS-232/USB)

Setting Up and

Testing the RS-232 Interface

Selecting an RS-232 Cable

You may need to set up and test the RS-232 interface. RS-232 is an 8-bit serial communications standard that lets the oscilloscope communicate with an external RS-232 devic

e such as a computer, terminal, or printer. The standard deﬁnes two device types: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE). The oscilloscope is a DTE device.

The RS-232 Connector Pinout Diagram shows the pin numbers and signal assignments of the 9-pin RS-232 connector. (See page 78, RS-232 Connector Pinout Diagram.)

You need an RS-232 cable to connect the oscilloscope to an external device. Use the next table to choose the correct cable.

Tektronix part

To conne

PCs wit

PCs with 25-pin serial port connector 9-pin female to 25-pin

Sun workstations, and serial printers, such a

Telephone modems

ct the oscilloscope to

h 9-pin serial port connector

s an HP Deskjet

Use this

9-pin f female, null modem

female, null modem

9-pin female to 25-pin male,

9-pi male, modem

type cable

emale to 9-pin

null modem

n female to 25-pin

number

012-1379-00

80-00

012-13

012-1298-00

012-1241-00

Connecting an External

Device

When you connect the oscilloscope to an external RS-232 device, follow these guidelines:

Use the correct cable (refer to the preceding table).

Use a cable that is no longer than 50 feet (15 meters).

ower off the oscilloscope and the external device before you connect the

P cable between them.

NOTE. This manual contains information on connecting external devices when

making ﬂoating mesaurements. (See page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

74 TPS2000B Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Tektronix TPS2012B, TPS2014B, TPS2024B Primary User

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual