Sony TT4 User Manual

User Guide

Personal Computer

VGN-TT series

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Contents

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Before Use.......................................................................... 4

Finding More about Your VAIO Computer .................... 5

Ergonomic Considerations ............................................ 7

Getting Started.................................................................... 9

Locating Controls and Ports........................................ 10

About the Indicator Lights ........................................... 17

Connecting a Power Source ....................................... 18

Using the Battery Pack................................................ 19

Shutting Down Your Computer Safely ........................ 25

Using the Power Saving Modes .................................. 26

Updating Your Computer ............................................ 28

Using Your VAIO Computer.............................................. 29

Using the Keyboard..................................................... 30

Using the Touch Pad................................................... 32

Using Special-function Buttons ................................... 33

Using the Built-in Camera ........................................... 34

Using the Optical Disc Drive ....................................... 35

Using "Memory Stick".................................................. 42

Using Other Modules / Memory Cards ........................ 48

Using the Internet ........................................................ 55

Using the Network (LAN) ............................................ 56

Using the Wireless LAN .............................................. 57

Using the Wireless WAN .............................................64

Using the Bluetooth Function ......................................68

Using Fingerprint Authentication .................................74

Using the TPM .............................................................81

Using Peripheral Devices..................................................88

Using the Noise Canceling Headphones .....................89

Connecting a Docking Station .....................................95

Connecting an Optical Disc Drive ..............................103

Connecting External Speakers or Headphones ........104

Connecting an External Display ................................105

Selecting Display Modes ...........................................111

Using the Multiple Monitors Function ........................112

Connecting an External Microphone .........................114

Connecting a USB Device .........................................115

Connecting an i.LINK Device.....................................117

Customizing Your VAIO Computer..................................119

Setting the Password.................................................120

Using Intel® VT .........................................................131

Using the VAIO Control Center .................................132

Using the VAIO Power Management.........................133

Protecting the Hard Disk ............................................134

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Upgrading Your VAIO Computer .................................... 135

Adding and Removing Memory ................................. 136

Precautions..................................................................... 142

Safety Information ..................................................... 143

Care and Maintenance Information........................... 146

Handling Your Computer........................................... 147

Handling the LCD Screen ......................................... 150

Using the Power Source ........................................... 151

Handling the Built-in Camera .................................... 152

Handling Discs .......................................................... 153

Using the Battery Pack.............................................. 154

Handling "Memory Stick"........................................... 155

Handling the Built-in Storage Device ........................ 156

Using Fingerprint Authentication ............................... 157

Using the TPM .......................................................... 158

Troubleshooting .............................................................. 160

Computer .................................................................. 162

System Security ........................................................ 171

Battery....................................................................... 172

Built-in Camera ......................................................... 174

Networking ................................................................ 176

Bluetooth Technology ............................................... 181

Optical Discs ............................................................. 185

Display ...................................................................... 189

Printing ......................................................................193

Microphone ................................................................194

Speakers ...................................................................195

Touch Pad .................................................................196

Keyboard ...................................................................197

Floppy Disks ..............................................................198

Audio/Video ...............................................................199

"Memory Stick" ..........................................................202

Peripherals ................................................................203

Docking Station .........................................................204

Trademarks .....................................................................205

Notice ..............................................................................207

Before Use >

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Before Use

Congratulations on your purchase of this Sony VAIO® computer, and welcome to the on-screen User Guide. Sony has
combined leading-edge technology in audio, video, computing, and communications to provide a state-of-the-art personal
computing experience.

!

External views illustrated in this manual may look slightly different from those of your computer.

How to find specifications

Some features, options, and supplied items may not be available on your computer.

To find out about the configuration of your computer, visit the VAIO Link web site at http://www.vaio-link.com

.

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Before Use >
Finding More about Your VAIO Computer

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Finding More about Your VAIO Computer

This section provides support information about your VAIO computer.

1. Printed Documentation

❑ Quick Start Guide — An overview of components connection, set-up information, etc.

❑ Recovery and Troubleshooting Guide

❑ Regulations, Guarantee, and Service Support

2. On-screen Documentation

❑ User Guide (This manual) — Features of your computer and information about solving common problems.

To view this on-screen guide:

1 Click Start, All Programs, and VAIO Documentation.

2 Open the folder for your language.

3 Select the guide you want to read.

✍

You can manually browse to the user guides by going to Computer > VAIO (C:) (your C drive) > Documentation > Documentation and opening the
folder for your language.

❑ Windows Help and Support — A comprehensive resource for practical advice, tutorials, and demonstrations to help you

learn to use your computer.

To access Windows Help and Support, click Start and Help and Support, or press and hold the Microsoft Windows
key and press the F1 key.

Before Use >
Finding More about Your VAIO Computer

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3. Support Web Sites

If you have any problem with the computer, you can visit the VAIO-Link web site at http://www.vaio-link.com for
troubleshooting.

Before contacting VAIO-Link by telephone, try to solve the problem by reading the supplied documentation and visiting other
Sony web sites.

❑ For more about VAIO and becoming part of the growing VAIO community, visit the web site at http://www.club-vaio.com

❑ For online purchases, visit the web site at http://www.sonystyle-europe.com

❑ For other Sony products, visit the web site at http://www.sony.net

When you contact VAIO-Link by telephone, have the serial number of your VAIO computer ready at hand. The serial number
is located on the bottom, the back panel, or inside the battery compartment of your VAIO computer.

.

.

.

Before Use >
Ergonomic Considerations

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Ergonomic Considerations

You will be using your computer as a portable device in a variety of environments. Whenever possible, you should attempt
to take account of the following ergonomic considerations for both stationary and portable environments:

❑ Position of your computer – Place the computer directly in front of you. Keep your forearms horizontal, with your wrists

in a neutral, comfortable position while using the keyboard or the pointing device. Let your upper arms hang naturally at
your sides. Take frequent breaks while using your computer. Excessive use of the computer may strain eyes, muscles, or
tendons.

❑ Furniture and posture – Sit in a chair with good back support. Adjust the level of the chair so your feet are flat on the

floor. A footrest may make you more comfortable. Sit in a relaxed, upright posture and avoid slouching forward or leaning
far backwards.

Before Use >
Ergonomic Considerations

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❑ Viewing angle of the computer's display – Use the display's tilting feature to find the best position. You can reduce eye

strain and muscle fatigue by adjusting the tilt of the display to the proper position. Adjust the brightness level of the display
as well.

❑ Lighting – Choose a location where windows and lights do not cause glare and reflection on the display. Use indirect

lighting to avoid bright spots on the display. Proper lighting adds to your comfort and work efficiency.

❑ Positioning an external display – When using an external display, set the display at a comfortable viewing distance.

Make sure the display screen is at eye level or slightly lower when you are sitting in front of the monitor.

Getting Started >

Getting Started

This section describes how to get started with using your VAIO computer.

❑ Locating Controls and Ports (page 10)

❑ About the Indicator Lights (page 17)

❑ Connecting a Power Source (page 18)

❑ Using the Battery Pack (page 19)

❑ Shutting Down Your Computer Safely (page 25)

❑ Using the Power Saving Modes (page 26)

❑ Updating Your Computer (page 28)

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Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

Locating Controls and Ports

Take a moment to identify the controls and ports shown on the following pages.

!

The appearance of your computer may be different from those illustrated in this manual due to variations in specifications. It may also vary in some
countries or areas.

Front

A Num lock indicator (page 17)
B Caps lock indicator (page 17)
C Scroll lock indicator (page 17)
D Built-in MOTION EYE camera (page 34)
E Built-in MOTION EYE camera indicator (page 17)
F LCD screen (page 150)
G Ambient light sensor (page 191)

Measures ambient light intensity for automatically adjusting the
LCD brightness to the optimum level.

H Keyboard (page 30)
I Touch pad (page 32)
J Left button (page 32)

K Fingerprint sensor
L Right button (page 32)

* On selected models only.

*

(page 74)

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Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

A Media Access indicator (page 17)
B "Memory Stick" slot

*1

(page 42)

C WIRELESS indicator (page 17)
D Charge indicator (page 17)
E Disc drive indicator (page 17)
F Built-in microphone (monaural)
G SD memory card slot (page 51)
H WIRELESS switch (page 57), (page 64), (page 68)
I Built-in speakers (stereo)
J Muting button (page 33)
K Volume control buttons (page 33)
L S1 button (page 33)

M Drive eject button

*1

Your computer supports both standard-size "Memory Stick" and Duo-size
"Memory Stick".

*2

On models with a built-in optical disc drive.

*3

On models without a built-in optical disc drive.

*2

(page 33), (page 35)/S2 button*3 (page 33)

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Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

Back

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A SIM card slot
B Battery connector (page 19)

* On selected models only.

*

(page 64)

Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

Right

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A Optical disc drive
B Manual eject hole
C Optical disc drive indicator
D Substitute drive eject button

*1

(page 35)

*2

(page 185)

*2

(page 17)

*2

(page 35)

E Monitor port (page 105)
F Power button/Power indicator (page 17)

G Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0) port

*1

On selected models only.

*2

On models with a built-in optical disc drive.

*3

On models without a built-in optical disc drive.

*4

Supports high-/full-/low- speeds.

*3*4

(page 115)

Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

Left

A DC IN port (page 18)
B Air vents
C Security slot
D ExpressCard/34 slot (page 48)
E i.LINK 4-pin (S400) port (page 117)

F Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0) ports

*1

(page 115)

G Microphone jack (page 114)
H Headphones jack

*1

Support high-/full-/low- speeds.

*2

The headphones jack in this shape is equipped on models with the noise
canceling headphones supplied. Otherwise, the ordinary round-shaped jack
is equipped. Although you can connect headphones or speakers with a
stereo mini-plug to the jack in this shape, it is recommended that you
connect the supplied noise canceling headphones to take full advantage of
the built-in noise canceling function.

*2

(page 104), (page 89)

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Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

A Port cover

Open the port cover to access the ports behind it.
Push out the top edge of the port cover and gently pull the cover
until it is completely out of the socket.

B Network (LAN) port (page 56)
C HDMI output port (page 109)

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Getting Started >
Locating Controls and Ports

Bottom

A Air vents
B Docking station connector (page 96)
C Memory module compartment cover (page 136)

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Getting Started >
About the Indicator Lights

About the Indicator Lights

Your computer is equipped with the following indicator lights:

Indicator Functions

Power 1 Illuminates in green while the computer is on, blinks slowly in orange while the computer is in Sleep mode, and

Charge

Built-in MOTION EYE camera Illuminates while the built-in camera is in use.

Media Access Illuminates while data access to a memor y card, such as "Memory Stick" and an SD memory card, is in

Optical disc drive Illuminates while data access to the optical disc drive is in progress. When the indicator light is unlit, the optical

Disc drive

Num lock

Caps lock

Scroll lock

WIRELESS Illuminates while one or more wireless options are enabled.

goes out when the computer is turned off or enters Hibernate mode.

Illuminates while the battery pack is charging. See Charging the Battery Pack (page 22) for more information.

progress. (Do not place the computer into Sleep mode or turn it off while this indicator light is lit.) When the
indicator light is unlit, the memory card is not in use.

disc media is not in use.

Illuminates while data access to the built-in storage device or the optical disc drive is in progress. Do not place
the computer into Sleep mode or turn it off while this indicator light is lit.

Press the Num Lk key to activate the numeric keypad. Press it a second time to deactivate the numeric keypad.
The numeric keypad is not active when the indicator light is unlit.

Press the Caps Lock key to type letters in uppercase. Letters appear in lowercase if you press the Shift key
while the indicator light is lit. Press the key a second time to turn off the indicator light. Normal typing resumes
when the Caps lock indicator light is turned off.

Press the Fn+Scr Lk keys to change how you scroll the display. Normal scrolling resumes when the Scroll lock
indicator light is turned off. The Scr Lk key functions differently depending on the program you are using and
does not work with all programs.

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Getting Started >
Connecting a Power Source

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Connecting a Power Source

You can use either an AC adapter or a rechargeable battery pack for supplying power to your computer.

Using the AC Adapter

While your computer is directly connected to AC power and has a battery pack installed, it uses power from the AC outlet.

✍

Use only the supplied AC adapter for your computer.

To use the AC adapter

1 Plug one end of the power cord (1) into the AC adapter (3).

2 Plug the other end of the power cord into an AC outlet (2).

3 Plug the cable from the AC adapter (3) into the DC IN port (4) on the computer or on the optional docking station.

✍

To disconnect your computer completely from AC power, unplug the AC adapter.

Make sure that the AC outlet is easily accessible.

If you do not intend to use your computer for an extended period of time, place the computer into Hibernate mode. See Using Hibernate Mode (page

27).

Getting Started >
Using the Battery Pack

Using the Battery Pack

The battery pack supplied with your computer is not fully charged at the time of delivery.

Installing/Removing the Battery Pack

To install the battery pack

1 Turn off the computer and close the LCD screen lid.

2 Slide the battery LOCK switch (1) inward.

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Getting Started >
Using the Battery Pack

3 Slide the battery pack diagonally into the battery compartment until the projection (2) on either side of the battery

compartment fits into the U-shaped cut (3) on either side of the battery pack.

4 Push the battery pack down into the compartment until it clicks into place.

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5 Slide the battery LOCK switch outward to secure the battery pack on the computer.

Getting Started >
Using the Battery Pack

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To remove the battery pack

!

You may lose data if you remove the battery pack while your computer is on and not connected to the AC adapter or if you remove the battery pack
while the computer is in Sleep mode.

1 Turn off the computer and close the LCD screen lid.

2 Slide the battery LOCK switch (1) inward.

3 Slide and hold the battery RELEASE latch (2) inward, put your fingertip underneath the tab (3) on the battery pack, and

lift the battery pack in the direction of the arrow, and then slide it away from the computer.

!

Certain rechargeable batteries do not meet Sony quality and safety standards. For safety reasons this computer only functions with genuine Sony
battery packs designed for this model. If an unauthorized battery pack is installed, the battery will not be charged and the computer will not function.

Getting Started >
Using the Battery Pack

Charging the Battery Pack

The battery pack supplied with your computer is not fully charged at the time of delivery.

To charge the battery pack

1 Install the battery pack.

2 Connect the computer to a power source with the AC adapter.

The charge indicator light is on while the battery pack is charging. When the battery pack charges close to the maximum
charge level you selected with the battery charge functions, the charge indicator turns off.

Charge indicator status Meaning

Lit in orange The battery pack is charging.

Blinks along with the green
power indicator

Blinks along with the orange
power indicator

Blinks fast in orange A battery error has occurred due to a failed battery

!

Charge the battery pack as described in this manual from your first battery charge.

The battery pack is running out of power.
(Normal mode)

The battery pack is running out of power.
(Sleep mode)

pack or an unlocked battery pack.

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Getting Started >
Using the Battery Pack

✍

Keep the battery pack in your computer while it is directly connected to AC power. The battery pack continues to charge while you are using the
computer.

When the battery pack is running out of power and both the charge and power indicator lights blink, you should either connect the AC adapter to
recharge the battery pack or shut down your computer and install a fully charged battery pack.

Your computer is supplied with a lithium ion battery pack and can be recharged any time. Charging a partially discharged battery pack does not affect
the life of battery.

You can extend the life of your battery pack if you enable the battery care function of the Battery Charge Functions with the VAIO Control Center.

While some software applications or peripheral devices are in use, your computer may not enter Hibernate mode even when the remaining battery life
becomes short. To avoid loss of data while the computer is running on the battery, you should save your data frequently and manually activate a power

management mode, such as Sleep or Hibernate.

If the battery pack runs out of power while the computer is in Sleep mode, you will lose all unsaved data. Going back to the previous work state is
impossible. To avoid loss of data, you should save your data frequently.

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Getting Started >
Using the Battery Pack

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Extending Your Battery Life

When your computer is running on battery power, you can extend your battery life using the following methods.

❑ Decrease the LCD brightness of your computer screen.

❑ Use the power saving mode. See Using the Power Saving Modes (page 26) for more information.

❑ Change the power saving settings on the Power Options. See Using the VAIO Power Management (page 133) for more

information.

❑ Set the wallpaper in Long Battery Life Wallpaper Setting as your desktop background with the VAIO Control Center.

Getting Started >
Shutting Down Your Computer Safely

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Shutting Down Your Computer Safely

To avoid losing unsaved data, be sure to shut down your computer properly, as described below.

To shut down your computer

1 Turn off any peripherals connected to the computer.

2 Click Start and the Shut down button.

3 Respond to any prompts warning you to save documents or to consider other users and wait for the computer to turn off

automatically.
The power indicator light turns off.

Getting Started >
Using the Power Saving Modes

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Using the Power Saving Modes

You can take advantage of the power management settings to conserve battery life. In addition to the normal operating mode,
your computer has two distinct power saving modes to suit your preference: Sleep and Hibernate.

!

If you do not intend to use your computer for an extended period of time while it is disconnected from AC power, place the computer into Hibernate
mode or turn it off.

If the battery pack runs out of power while your computer is in Sleep mode, you will lose all unsaved data. Going back to the previous work state is
impossible. To avoid loss of data, you should save your data frequently.

Mode Description

Normal mode This is the normal state of your computer while it is in use. The green power indicator light is lit while the

computer is in this mode.

Sleep mode Sleep mode turns off the LCD screen and places the built-in storage device(s) and the CPU into a low power

Hibernate mode While your computer is in Hibernate mode, the state of the system is saved on the built-in storage device(s) and

consumption mode. The orange power indicator light blinks slowly while your computer is in this mode. Your
computer comes out of Sleep mode quicker than out of Hibernate mode. However, Sleep mode uses more
power than Hibernate mode.

power is turned off. Even when the battery pack runs out of power, no data will be lost. The power indicator light
is unlit while your computer is in this mode.

Getting Started >
Using the Power Saving Modes

Using Sleep Mode

To activate Sleep mode

Click Start, the arrow next to the Shut down button, and Sleep.

To return to Normal mode

❑ Press any key.

❑ Press the power button on your computer.

!

If you press and hold the power button for more than four seconds, your computer will turn off automatically. You will lose all unsaved data.

Using Hibernate Mode

To activate Hibernate mode

Press the Fn+F12 keys.

Alternatively, you can click Start, the arrow next to the Shut down button, and Hibernate.

!

Do not move your computer before its power indicator light turns off.

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To return to Normal mode

Press the power button.

!

If you press and hold the power button for more than four seconds, your computer will turn off automatically.

Getting Started >
Updating Your Computer

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Updating Your Computer

Be sure to install the latest updates on your computer with the following software applications so that the computer can run
more efficiently.

❑ Windows Update

Click Start, All Programs, and Windows Update and then follow the on-screen instructions.

❑ VAIO Update 4

Click Start, All Programs, VAIO Update 4, and Go to VAIO Web Support and then follow the on-screen instructions.

!

Your computer must be connected to the Internet to download the updates.

Using Your VAIO Computer >

Using Your VAIO Computer

This section describes how to get the most out of using your VAIO computer.

❑ Using the Keyboard (page 30)

❑ Using the Touch Pad (page 32)

❑ Using Special-function Buttons (page 33)

❑ Using the Built-in Camera (page 34)

❑ Using the Optical Disc Drive (page 35)

❑ Using "Memory Stick" (page 42)

❑ Using Other Modules / Memory Cards (page 48)

❑ Using the Internet (page 55)

❑ Using the Network (LAN) (page 56)

❑ Using the Wireless LAN (page 57)

❑ Using the Wireless WAN (page 64)

❑ Using the Bluetooth Function (page 68)

❑ Using Fingerprint Authentication (page 74)

❑ Using the TPM (page 81)

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Keyboard

Using the Keyboard

Your keyboard has additional keys that perform model-specific tasks.

Combinations and Functions with the Fn Key

✍

Some keyboard functions can be used only after the operating system is finished launching.

Combination/Feature Function

Fn + 8 (F5/F6): brightness control Changes the LCD brightness of your computer screen.

Fn + /T (F7): display output

To increase lighting intensity, keep pressing the Fn+F6 keys or press the Fn+F6 keys and then
the M or , key.
To decrease lighting intensity, keep pressing the Fn+F5 keys or press the Fn+F5 keys and then
the m or < key.

Switches the display output between your computer screen, an external display, simultaneous
output to both, and multiple displays with both that function as a single desktop. Press the Enter
key to select the display output.

!

If you disconnect a display cable from your computer while an external display is selected as the display
output destination, the computer screen goes blank. In such a case, press the F7 key twice while holding
down the Fn key, and then press the Enter key to switch the display output to the computer screen.

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Fn + / (F9/F10): zooming

Multiple displays may not be supported depending on the operating system on your computer.

Changes the size of an image or a document displayed on some software.
To make the view look smaller and further away (zoom out), press the Fn+F9 keys.
To make the view look bigger and closer (zoom in), press the Fn+F10 keys.
See the help file included with the VAIO Control Center for more information.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Keyboard

Combination/Feature Function

Fn + (F12): hibernation

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Provides the lowest level of power consumption. When you execute this command, the states
of the system and the connected peripheral devices are saved to the built-in storage device and
the system power is turned off. To return the system to its original state, use the power button
to turn on the power.
For details on power management, see Using the Power Saving Modes (page 26).

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Touch Pad

Using the Touch Pad

You can point to, select, drag, and scroll objects on the screen using the touch pad.

Action Description

Point Slide your finger on the touch pad (1) to place the pointer (2) on an item or object.

Click Press the left button (3) once.

Double-click Press the left button twice in a row.

Right-click Press the right button (4) once. With many applications, this action displays a context-sensitive shortcut menu (if any).

Drag Slide your finger on the touch pad while pressing the left button.

Scroll Slide your finger along the right edge of the touch pad to scroll vertically. Slide your finger along the bottom edge to scroll

horizontally. Once vertical or horizontal scrolling is engaged, you can move your finger in circles on the touch pad to
keep scrolling without taking the finger off the touch pad (the scroll function is available only with applications that
support a touch pad scroll feature).

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✍

You can disable/enable the touch pad while a mouse is connected to your computer. To change the touch pad settings, use the VAIO Control Center.

!

Be sure to connect a mouse before disabling the touch pad. If you disable the touch pad before connecting a mouse, you will be able to use only the
keyboard for pointer operations.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Special-function Buttons

Using Special-function Buttons

Your computer is equipped with special buttons to help you use specific functions of the computer.

Features and options in this section may not be available on your computer.
See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

Special-function button Functions

% Muting button Turns the volume on and off.

- 2 + Volume control buttons Decrease (-) and increase (+) the volume.

S1 button

S2 button

Z Drive eject button

*1

On models without a built-in optical disc drive.

*2

On models with a built-in optical disc drive.

*1

*2

Executes the task that is assigned to the button by default.
You can change the default assignment with the VAIO Control Center.

Ejects the optical disc drive tray.
If this button does not work, try the substitute drive eject button on the optical disc drive.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Built-in Camera

Using the Built-in Camera

Your computer is equipped with a built-in MOTION EYE camera.

With the preinstalled image capture software, you can perform the following:

❑ Capture still images and movies

❑ Sense and capture object movements for monitoring purposes

❑ Edit captured data

✍

Turning on the computer activates the built-in camera.

Video conferences are possible with the appropriate software.

!

Launching or exiting your instant messaging or video editing software does not activate or deactivate the built-in camera.

Do not place your computer into Sleep or Hibernate mode while you are using the built-in camera.

To use the preinstalled image capture software

1 Click Start, All Programs, ArcSoft WebCam Companion 3, and WebCam Companion 3.

2 Click your desired icon in the main window.

For detailed information on how to use the software, see the help file included with the software.

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✍

When capturing an image or a movie in a dark place, click the Capture icon in the main window, and then click the WebCam Settings icon and select
the low light or low light compensation option in the properties window.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

Using the Optical Disc Drive

Your computer may be equipped with a built-in optical disc drive.

Features and options in this section may not be available on your computer.
See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

To insert a disc

1 Turn on the computer.

2 Press the drive eject button (1) to open the drive.

The drive tray slides out.

!

If the power supply to the optical disc drive is disabled by the VAIO Power Management, it will take a while to eject the drive tray with the drive eject
button.

✍

If the drive eject button does not work, try the substitute drive eject button on the optical disc drive. The substitute drive eject button, however, is not
functional if the power supply to the optical disc drive is disabled by the VAIO Power Management.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

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3 Place a disc in the middle of the drive tray with the label side facing upward and gently push it down until the disc clicks

into place.

4 Close the drive tray by pushing it in gently.

!

Do not remove the optical disc while your computer is in a power saving mode (Sleep or Hibernate). Be sure to bring the computer back into Normal
mode before removing the disc.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

Supported Disc Media

Your computer plays and records CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Disc™ media, depending on the model you purchased.

See the reference chart below to find out which type of optical disc drive supports which types of media.

PR: playable and recordable
P: playable but not recordable
–: not playable or recordable

CD-

Video CDMusic CDCD

ROM

DVD± RW/
±R DL/RAM

Blu-ray Disc P P P P

Blu-ray Disc
Combo

*1

The DVD±RW/RAM disc drive on your computer does not support the DVD-RAM cartridge. Use non-cartridge discs or discs with a removable cartridge.

*2

Writing data to single-sided DVD-RAM discs (2.6 GB) compliant with DVD-RAM Version 1.0 is not supported.
DVD-RAM Version 2.2/12X-SPEED DVD-RAM Revision 5.0 disc is not supported.

*3

The Blu-ray Disc drive on your computer does not support BD-RE Disc media in Version 1.0 format and Blu-ray Disc media with a cartridge.

*4

Supports writing data to BD-R Part1 Version 1.1/1.2/1.3 discs (single-layer discs with the capacity of 25 GB, dual-layer discs with the capacity of 50 GB) and BD­RE Part1 Version 2.1 discs (single-layer discs with the capacity of 25 GB, dual-layer discs with the capacity of 50 GB).

*5

Writing data to Ultra Speed CD-RW discs is not supported.

PPPP

PPPP

Extra

CD-R/RWDVD-

*5

PR

*5

PR

*5

PR

DVD-

ROM

P P PR PR PR PR PR – –

PPPRPRPPPRP

P P PR PR PR PR PR P P

DVD-R/RWDVD+R/RWDVD+R DL

Video

(Double
Layer)

DVD-R DL
(Dual
Layer)

DVD-

RAM

*1 *2

BD­ROM

BD-R/RE

PR

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*3

*4

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

!

This unit is designed to playback discs that conform to the Compact Disc (CD) standard. DualDiscs and some music discs encoded with copyright
protection technologies do not conform to the Compact Disc (CD) standard. Therefore, these discs may not be compatible with this unit.

When you buy pre-recorded or blank discs for use with your VAIO computer, be sure to read the notices on the disc package carefully to check both
playback and recording compatibility with your computer's optical disc drives. Sony does NOT guarantee the compatibility of VAIO optical disc drives

with discs that are not compliant with the official "CD," "DVD," or "Blu-ray Disc" standard. USING NON-COMPLIANT DISCS CAN CAUSE FATAL DAMAGE
TO YOUR VAIO PC OR CREATE SOFTWARE CONFLICTS AND CAUSE SYSTEM HANGING.
For inquiries about disc formats, contact the individual publisher of the pre-recorded disc or the manufacturer of the recordable disc.

✍

8 cm disc writing is not supported.

!

To play copyright protected Blu-ray Disc media continually, update the AACS key. The AACS key update requires Internet access.

As with other optical media devices, circumstances may limit compatibility or prevent Blu-ray Disc media playback. VAIO computers may not support
movie playback on packaged media recorded in AVC or VC1 formats at high bit rates.

Region settings are required for some contents of DVD and BD-ROM Disc media. If the region setting on the optical disc drive does not match the
region coding on the disc, playback is not possible.

Unless your external display is compliant with the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) standard, you cannot play or view the contents
of copyright protected Blu-ray Disc media.

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Some content may restrict video output to standard definition or prohibit analog video output. When you output video signals through digital
connections, such as an HDMI connection or a DVI connection, it is strongly recommended that a digital HDCP compliant environment be implemented

for optimum compatibility and viewing quality.

Exit all memory-resident utility software before playing or writing a disc as it may cause the computer to malfunction.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

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Notes on Using the Optical Disc Drive

Notes on writing data to a disc

❑ Only use circular discs. Do not use discs in any other shape (star, heart, card, etc.), as this may damage the optical disc

drive.

❑ Do not strike or shake your computer while the optical disc drive is writing data to a disc.

❑ Do not plug or unplug the power cord or the AC adapter while the optical disc drive is writing data to a disc.

❑ Do not attach or disconnect your computer to or from the docking station (optional) while the optical disc drive is writing

data to a disc.

Notes on playing discs

To achieve optimum performance of disc playback, you should follow these recommendations:

❑ Some CD players and computer optical disc drives may not be able to play audio CDs created with the CD-R or CD-RW

media.

❑ Some DVD players and computer optical disc drives may not be able to play DVDs created with the DVD+R DL, DVD-R

DL, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, or DVD-RAM media.

❑ You may not be able to play some Blu-ray Disc content on your computer, or the computer may become unstable during

Blu-ray Disc playback. To play content normally, download and install the latest updates for the WinDVD BD using the
VAIO Update.
For information on how to use the VAIO Update, see Updating Your Computer (page 28).

❑ Video playback may be interrupted, depending on the type or bit rate of the video.

❑ Depending on system environment, you may find sound interruptions and/or dropped frames during AVC HD playback.

❑ Do not place your computer into either of the power saving modes while your computer is playing a disc.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

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Notes on region codes

❑ Region code indicators are labeled on the discs or packages to indicate in which region and on what type of player you

can play the disc. Unless the region code indicates "2" (Europe belongs to region "2"), "5" (Russia belongs to region "5"),
or "all" (this means that you can play this disc in most regions of the world), you cannot play the disc on your computer.

!

If you change the region code while the WinDVD or WinDVD BD software is running, restart the software or eject the disc and re-insert it to make the
new setting effective.

❑ Do not try to change the region code settings of the drive. Any difficulties caused by changing the region code settings of

the drive are not covered by the warranty.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Optical Disc Drive

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Playing Discs

To play a disc

1 Insert a disc into the optical disc drive.

!

Connect the AC adapter to the computer and close all running software applications before playing a disc.

2 If nothing appears on the desktop, click Start, All Programs, and your desired software to play the disc.

For instructions on how to use the software, see the help file included with the software.

Copying Files to Discs

To copy files to a disc

1 Insert a recordable disc into the optical disc drive.

!

Connect the AC adapter to the computer and close all running software applications before copying files to a disc.

2 If nothing appears on the desktop, click Start, All Programs, and your desired disc burning software to copy files to the

disc.
For instructions on how to use the software, see the help file included with the software.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using "Memory Stick"

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Using "Memory Stick"

"Memory Stick" is a compact, portable, and versatile IC recording media especially designed for exchanging and sharing
digital data with compatible products, such as digital cameras, mobile phones, and other devices. Because it is removable,
it can be used for external data storage.

Before You Use "Memory Stick"

The "Memory Stick" slot on your computer can accommodate the following sizes and types of media:

❑ "Memory Stick"

❑ "Memory Stick Duo"

❑ "Memory Stick PRO"

❑ "Memory Stick PRO Duo"

❑ "Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo"

!

The "Memory Stick" slot on your computer does not support 8-bit parallel data transfer (high-speed data transfer).

For the latest information about "Memory Stick", visit [memorystick.com] at http://www.memorystick.com/en/.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using "Memory Stick"

Inserting and Removing "Memory Stick"

To insert "Memory Stick"

1 Locate the "Memory Stick" slot.

2 Hold "Memory Stick" with the arrow facing upward and pointing toward the slot.

3 Carefully slide "Memory Stick" into the slot until it clicks into place.

✍

"Memory Stick" is automatically detected by your system and the contents of "Memory Stick" are displayed. If nothing appears on the desktop, click
Start, Computer, and double-click the "Memory Stick" icon.

The "Memory Stick" icon will appear in the Computer window after you insert "Memory Stick" into the slot.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using "Memory Stick"

✍

You can insert Duo-size "Memory Stick" directly into the "Memory Stick" slot without using a "Memory Stick Duo" adaptor.

!

Be sure to hold "Memory Stick" with the arrow pointing in the correct direction as you insert it into the slot. To avoid damaging your computer or the
media, do not force "Memory Stick" into the slot if you cannot insert it smoothly.

Before using "Memory Stick Micro" ("M2"), be sure to insert it into an "M2" Standard-size adaptor or "M2" Duo adaptor. If you insert the media directly
into the "Memory Stick" slot without the adaptor, you may not be able to remove it from the slot.

"Memory Stick Micro" in an "M2" Duo adaptor may not operate properly if it is additionally inserted into a "Memory Stick Duo" adaptor.

To remove "Memory Stick"

!

Do not remove "Memory Stick" while the Media Access indicator light is lit. If you do, you may lose data. Large volumes of data may take time to load,
so make sure the indicator light is unlit before removing "Memory Stick".

1 Locate the "Memory Stick" slot.

2 Check that the Media Access indicator light is unlit.

3 Push in "Memory Stick" toward the computer and release.

"Memory Stick" ejects.

4 Pull "Memory Stick" out of the slot.

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!

Be sure to remove "Memory Stick" gently, or it may pop out unexpectedly.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using "Memory Stick"

Formatting "Memory Stick"

To format "Memory Stick"

"Memory Stick" has been formatted by default and is ready for use.

If you want to reformat the media with your computer, follow these steps.

!

Be sure to use the device that is designed to format the media and supports "Memory Stick" when formatting the media.

Formatting "Memory Stick" erases the entire data stored on the media. Before formatting the media, make sure that it does not contain your valuable
data.

Do not remove "Memory Stick" from the slot while formatting. This could cause a malfunction.

1 Locate the "Memory Stick" slot.

2 Carefully slide "Memory Stick" into the slot until it clicks into place.

3 Click Start and Computer to open the Computer window.

4 Right-click the "Memory Stick" icon and select Format.

5 Click Restore device defaults.

!

The size of the allocation unit and file system may change.

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Do not select NTFS from the File system drop-down list as it may cause a malfunction.

✍

The formatting process will be completed more quickly if you select Quick Format in Format options.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using "Memory Stick"

6 Click Start.

7 Follow the on-screen instructions.

!

It may take time to format "Memory Stick" depending on the media type.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using "Memory Stick"

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Notes on Using "Memory Stick"

❑ Your computer has been tested and found compatible with Sony branded "Memory Stick" with capacity of up to 16 GB

that are available as of May 2009. However, not all "Memory Stick" are guaranteed of compatibility.

❑ Inserting "Memory Stick" with multiple conversion adaptors is not guaranteed of compatibility.

❑ "MagicGate" is the general name of the copyright protection technology developed by Sony. Use "Memory Stick" with the

"MagicGate" logo to take advantage of this technology.

❑ Except for your personal use, it is against the copyright law to use any audio and/or image data you recorded without prior

consent from the respective copyright holders. Accordingly, "Memory Stick" with such copyrighted data can be used only
within the law.

❑ Do not insert more than one "Memory Stick" into the slot. Improper insertion of the media may damage both your

computer and the media.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

nN

Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

Using the ExpressCard Module

Your computer is equipped with an ExpressCard/34 slot* for transferring data among digital cameras, camcorders, music
players, and other audio/video devices. This slot can only accommodate an ExpressCard/34

* Referred to as the ExpressCard slot and the ExpressCard module in this manual.

(34 mm wide) module*.

48

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

To insert an ExpressCard module

!

Your computer is supplied with a slot protector in the ExpressCard slot. Remove the slot protector before you use the slot.

1 Locate the ExpressCard slot.

2 Push the ExpressCard slot protector so that the protector pops out.

3 Gently take hold of the ExpressCard slot protector and pull it out of the slot.

4 Hold the ExpressCard module with the arrow facing upward and pointing toward the slot.

5 Carefully slide the ExpressCard module into the slot until it clicks into place.

Do not force it into the slot.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

✍

If the module does not go into the slot easily, remove it gently and verify you are inserting it in the proper direction.

Make sure you use the most recent driver software provided by the ExpressCard module manufacturer.

To remove an ExpressCard module

!

Insert the ExpressCard slot protector to block any particles from entering the slot when not using an ExpressCard module. Before moving your
computer, be sure to insert the ExpressCard slot protector into the slot.

✍

You can skip steps 1 to 4 when:

- your computer is off.

- the Safely Remove Hardware icon is not displayed on the taskbar.

- the hardware you want to unplug is not displayed in the Safely Remove Hardware window.

1 Locate the ExpressCard slot.

2 Double-click the Safely Remove Hardware icon on the taskbar.

3 Select the hardware you want to unplug and click Stop.

4 Follow the on-screen instructions for removing the ExpressCard module.

5 Push in the ExpressCard module toward the computer so that the module pops out.

6 Gently take hold of the ExpressCard module and pull it out of the slot.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

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Using the SD Memory Card

Your computer is equipped with an SD memory card slot. You can use this slot to transfer data among digital cameras,
camcorders, music players, and other audio/video devices.

Before you use the SD memory card

The SD memory card slot on your computer supports the following memory cards:

❑ SD memory card

❑ SDHC memory card

For the latest information on compatible memory cards, see Finding More about Your VAIO Computer (page 5) to visit the
appropriate support web site.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

To insert an SD memory card

1 Locate the SD memory card slot.

2 Hold the SD memory card with the arrow facing upward and pointing toward the slot.

3 Carefully slide the SD memory card into the slot until it clicks into place.

Do not force the card into the slot.

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✍

If the SD memory card does not go into the slot easily, remove it gently and verify you are inserting it in the proper direction.

The SD memory card icon will appear in the Computer window after you insert the card into the slot.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

To remove an SD memory card

1 Locate the SD memory card slot.

2 Check that the Media Access indicator light is unlit.

3 Push in the SD memory card toward the computer and release.

The SD memory card ejects.

4 Pull the SD memory card out of the slot.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Other Modules / Memory Cards

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Notes on Using Memory Cards

General notes on using the memory card

❑ Be sure to use memory cards that are compliant with the standards supported by your computer.

❑ Be sure to hold the memory card with the arrow pointing in the correct direction as you insert it into the slot. To avoid

damaging your computer or the media, do not force the memory card into the slot if you cannot insert it smoothly.

❑ Use care when inserting or removing the memory card from the slot. Do not force it in or out of the slot.

❑ Do not remove the memory card while the media access indicator light is lit. If you do, you may lose data.

❑ Do not attempt to insert a memory card or memory card adaptor of a different type into the memory card slot. An

incompatible memory card or memory card adaptor may cause difficulty in removing from the slot and can cause damage
to your computer.

Notes on using the SD memory card

❑ Your computer has been tested and found compatible only with major memory cards available as of May 2009. However,

not all memory cards that meet the same specifications as the compatible media are guaranteed of compatibility.

❑ SD memory cards with capacity of up to 2 GB and SDHC memory cards with capacity of up to 32 GB have been tested

and found compatible with your computer.

❑ The SD memory card slot on your computer does not support the high-speed data transfer feature of the SD memory

card and the SDHC memory card.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Internet

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Using the Internet

Before using the Internet, you need to sign up with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and set up devices required for
connecting your computer to the Internet.

The following types of Internet connection services may be available from your ISP:

❑ Fiber to the Home (FTTH)

❑ Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

❑ Cable modem

❑ Satellite

❑ Dial-up

For detailed information on devices required for Internet access and how to connect your computer to the Internet, ask your
ISP.

✍

To connect your computer to the Internet using the wireless LAN function, you need to set up the wireless LAN network. See Using the Wireless LAN

(page 57) for more information.

!

When you connect your computer to the Internet, be sure to take appropriate security measures to protect the computer against online threats.

Depending on the service contract with your ISP, you may need to connect an external modem device, for example a USB telephone modem, a DSL
modem, or a cable modem, to your computer to connect to the Internet. For the detailed instructions on connection setups and modem configuration,

see the manual that came with your modem.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Network (LAN)

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Using the Network (LAN)

You can connect your computer to 1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-T type networks with a LAN cable. Connect one end
of a LAN cable (not supplied) to the network (LAN) port on the computer or the optional docking station and the other end to
your network. For detailed settings and devices required for LAN access, ask your network administrator.

!

The network (LAN) port on your computer is disabled when the computer is attached to the docking station.

✍

You can connect your computer to any network without changing the default settings.

!

Do not plug a telephone cable into the network (LAN) port on your computer.
If the network (LAN) port is connected to one of the telephone lines mentioned below, high electric current to the port may cause damage, overheating,
or fire.

- Home (intercom speakerphone) or business-use telephone lines (multi-line business telephone)

- Public telephone subscriber line

- Private branch exchange (PBX)

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

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Using the Wireless LAN

Using the Wireless LAN (WLAN), all your digital devices with the built-in WLAN function communicate freely with each other
through a network. A WLAN is a network in which a user can connect to a Local Area Network (LAN) through a wireless (radio)
connection.

The WLAN supports all normal LAN connectivity, but with the added benefits of mobility and roaming. You can still access
information, Internet/intranet and network resources, even in the middle of a meeting, or as you move from one place to
another.

You can communicate without an access point, which means that you can communicate with a limited number of computers
(ad-hoc). Or you can communicate through an access point, which allows you to create a full infrastructure network.

✍

In some countries, using WLAN products may be restricted by the local regulations (e.g. limited number of channels). Therefore, before activating the
WLAN function, read the wireless LAN regulations guide carefully.

*

WLAN uses the IEEE 802.11a
the encryption methods: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), which is a security protocol, Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2), and Wi-Fi Protected Access

(WPA). Proposed jointly by the IEEE and Wi-Fi Alliance, both WPA2 and WPA are specifications of standards based on interoperable security
enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing Wi-Fi networks. WPA is designed to be forward compatible with
the IEEE 802.11i specification. It utilizes the enhanced data encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) in addition to user authentication using

802.1X and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). Data encryption protects the vulnerable wireless link between clients and access points. Besides
that, there are other typical LAN security mechanisms to ensure privacy, such as: password protection, end-to-end encryption, virtual private networks,
and authentication. WPA2, the second generation of WPA, provides stronger data protection and network access control and is also designed to secure
all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, and 802.11n draft standard, multi-band and multi-mode. In addition, based on
the ratified IEEE 802.11i standard, WPA2 provides government grade security by implementing the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) FIPS 140-2 compliant AES encryption algorithm and 802.1X-based authentication. WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA.

* See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

/b/g standard or the IEEE 802.11n* draft standard, which specifies the type of technology used. The standard includes

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

The IEEE 802.11b/g standard is a wireless LAN standard, using the 2.4 GHz band. The IEEE 802.11g standard provides higher-speed communications
than the IEEE 802.11b standard.

The IEEE 802.11a standard is a wireless LAN standard, using the 5 GHz band.

The IEEE 802.11n draft standard is a wireless LAN standard, using the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band.

Wireless LAN devices using the 2.4 GHz band cannot communicate with devices using the 5 GHz band because the frequencies are different.

The 2.4 GHz band used by wireless LAN compatible devices is also used by other various devices. Although technologies to minimize interference from
other devices that use the same band are employed on wireless LAN compatible devices, such interference may cause lower communication speed,

narrower communication range, or broken wireless connections.

The communication speed varies depending on the distance between communication devices, existence of obstacles between such devices, the device
configuration, the radio conditions, and the software in use. In addition, communications may be cut off depending on the radio conditions.

The communication range varies depending on the actual distance between communication devices, existence of obstacles between such devices, the
radio conditions, the ambient environment that includes existence of walls and materials of such walls, and the software in use.

Actual communication speed may not be as fast as the one displayed on your computer.

Deploying IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g products on the same wireless network may reduce the communication speed due to radio interference.
Taking this into consideration, the IEEE 802.11g products are designed to reduce the communication speed to ensure communications with

IEEE 802.11b products. When the communication speed is not as fast as expected, changing the wireless channel on the access point may increase
the communication speed.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

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Communicating without an Access Point (Ad-hoc)

An ad-hoc network is a network in which a LAN is created only by wireless devices themselves, with no other central controller
or access point. Each device communicates directly with other devices in the network. You can set up an ad-hoc network
easily at home.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

To communicate without an access point (ad-hoc)

!

The IEEE 802.11a standard, using the 5 GHz band, and the IEEE 802.11n draft standard, using the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band, are not available on ad-hoc
networks.

1 Turn on the WIRELESS switch.

2 Click the VAIO Smart Network icon on the taskbar.

3 Click the switch next to your desired wireless option(s) to toggle it to On in the VAIO Smart Network window.

Make sure the WIRELESS indicator light turns on.

4 Click Start and Control Panel.

5 Click View network status and tasks under Network and Internet.

6 Click Set up a new connection or network.

7 Select an option to specify the ad-hoc network settings and click Next.

8 Follow the on-screen instructions.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

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Communicating with an Access Point (Infrastructure)

An infrastructure network is a network that extends an existing wired local network to wireless devices by providing an access
point (not supplied). The access point bridges the wireless and wired LAN and acts as a central controller for the wireless
LAN network. The access point coordinates transmission and reception from multiple wireless devices within a specific range.

The access point will select which channel to use on an infrastructure network.

!

For details on how to select the channel that will be used by the access point, see the manual that came with your access point.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

To connect to a wireless network

1 Make sure an access point is set up.

See the manual that came with your access point for more information.

2 Turn on the WIRELESS switch.

3 Click the VAIO Smart Network icon on the taskbar.

4 Click the switch next to your desired wireless option(s) to toggle it to On in the VAIO Smart Network window.

Make sure the WIRELESS indicator light turns on.

!

Wireless LAN communication (IEEE 802.11a standard) using only the 5 GHz band, available on selected models only, is disabled by default. To enable
5 GHz band communication, you need to select the option to use the 5 GHz band or both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands from the drop-down list for
Wireless LAN Settings in the VAIO Smart Network settings window.

5 Click or on the taskbar.

6 Select the desired access point and click Connect.

✍

For WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK authentication, you must enter a passphrase. The passphrase is case sensitive and must be a text string between 8 and
63 characters in length or a hexadecimal string of 64 characters.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless LAN

Stopping Wireless LAN Communications

To stop wireless LAN communications

Click the switch next to Wireless LAN to toggle it to Off in the VAIO Smart Network window.

!

Turning off the wireless LAN function while accessing remote documents, files, or resources may result in data loss.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless WAN

nN

Using the Wireless WAN

Using the wireless WAN (WWAN) allows your computer to connect to the Internet through the wireless network wherever
there is the mobile phone coverage.

The WWAN may not be available in some countries or areas. See Wireless WAN Regulations Guide in Regulations,
Guarantee, and Service Support to find out in which countries or areas the WWAN is available.

Features and options in this section may not be available on your computer.
See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

64

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless WAN

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Inserting a SIM Card

To use the wireless WAN function, you first need to insert a SIM card into the SIM card slot on your computer. Your SIM card
is contained within a base plate, about the size of a credit card.

✍

Depending on your country and model, you might receive an offer from the VAIO selected telecom operator. In that case the SIM card is either in the
operator SIM pack inside the carton box or already inserted in the SIM card slot. If the SIM card is not provided with your computer, you can purchase
one from your preferred telecom operator.

To insert a SIM card

1 Turn off your computer.

2 Remove the battery pack from the computer.

3 Remove the SIM card (1) by pushing it out from the base plate.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless WAN

4 Insert the SIM card into the SIM card slot with its printed circuit side down.

!

Do not touch the printed circuit on the SIM card. Be sure to hold your computer firmly before inserting or removing the card.

Do not damage the SIM card in any way, either by bending or exerting pressure on the card.

5 Reinstall the battery pack.

!

Make sure the battery pack is installed properly.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Wireless WAN

nN

Starting the Wireless WAN Communications

To start the wireless WAN communications

1 Turn on the WIRELESS switch.

2 Click the VAIO Smart Network icon on the taskbar.

3 Click the switch next to Wireless WAN to toggle it to On in the VAIO Smart Network window.

4 Click the down arrow button next to the Wireless WAN switch and the Connect button to launch Mobile Broadband

Connection.

✍

Depending on your model, country, or area, you might need to use the GlobeTrotter Connect, the 3G Connection Manager, or the software specified
by a telecom operator in order to connect to a network.

5 Enter your PIN code when prompted.

6 if requested, enter the APN information of your telecom operator.

For more information on how to use the wireless WAN function, see the help file included with the VAIO Smart Network
software or your telecom operator's documentation.

67

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Bluetooth Function

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Using the Bluetooth Function

You can establish wireless communications between your computer and other Bluetooth® devices such as another computer
or a mobile phone. You can transfer data between these devices without cables at a range of up to 10 meters in an open area.

Bluetooth Security

The Bluetooth wireless technology has an authentication function, which allows you to determine with whom you choose to
communicate. With the authentication function, you can prevent any anonymous Bluetooth devices from accessing your
computer.

The first time two Bluetooth devices communicate, a common passkey (a password required for authentication) should be
determined for both devices to be registered. Once a device is registered, there is no need to re-enter the passkey.

✍

The passkey can be different each time, but must be the same at both ends.

For certain devices, such as a mouse, no passkey can be entered.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Bluetooth Function

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Communicating with Another Bluetooth Device

You can connect your computer to a Bluetooth device such as another computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a headset, a
mouse, or a digital camera without the use of any cables.

69

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Bluetooth Function

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To communicate with another Bluetooth device

To communicate with another Bluetooth device, you first need to set up the Bluetooth function. For setting up and using the
Bluetooth function, search Windows Help and Support for Bluetooth information.

1 Turn on the WIRELESS switch.

2 Click the VAIO Smart Network icon on the taskbar.

3 Click the switch next to Bluetooth to toggle it to On in the VAIO Smart Network window.

Make sure the WIRELESS indicator light turns on.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Bluetooth Function

Stopping Bluetooth Communications

To stop Bluetooth communications

1 Turn off the Bluetooth device that is communicating with your computer.

2 Click the switch next to Bluetooth to toggle it to Off in the VAIO Smart Network window.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Bluetooth Function

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Notes on Using the Bluetooth Function

❑ The data transfer rate varies, depending on the following conditions:

❑ Obstacles, such as walls, located between devices

❑ Distance between devices

❑ Material used in walls

❑ Proximity to microwaves and cordless telephones

❑ Radio frequency interference and other environmental conditions

❑ Device configuration

❑ Type of software application

❑ Type of operating system

❑ Use of both wireless LAN and Bluetooth functions at the same time on your computer

❑ Size of file being exchanged

❑ Large files may occasionally be corrupted during continuous transfer due to limitations of the Bluetooth standard and

electromagnetic interference in the environment.

❑ All Bluetooth devices must be certified to make sure that the applicable standard requirements are maintained. Even if

standards are met, individual device performance, specifications, and operation procedures can vary. Data exchange may
not be possible in all situations.

❑ Video and audio may not be synchronized if you play videos on your computer with audio output from a connected

Bluetooth device. This is a frequent occurrence with Bluetooth technology and is not a malfunction.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the Bluetooth Function

❑ The 2.4 GHz band, with which Bluetooth devices or wireless LAN devices work, is used by various devices. Bluetooth

devices use the technology to minimize the interference from other devices that use the same wave length. Simultaneous
use of the Bluetooth function and wireless communication devices, however, may cause radio interference and result in
reduced communication speeds and distances than the standard values.

✍

Read the Bluetooth regulations guide before using the Bluetooth function.

❑ The Bluetooth function may not work with other devices, depending on the manufacturer or the software version employed

by the manufacturer.

❑ Connecting multiple Bluetooth devices to your computer may cause channel congestion, resulting in poor performance

of the devices. This is normal with Bluetooth technology and is not a malfunction.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

Using Fingerprint Authentication

Your computer may be equipped with a fingerprint sensor to provide you with additional convenience.

Features and options in this section may not be available on your computer.
See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

Once you have registered your fingerprint(s), the fingerprint authentication function offers:

❑ A substitute for password entry

❑ Logging onto Windows (page 79)

If you have registered your fingerprints for your user account, you can substitute fingerprint authentication for
password entry when logging onto Windows.

❑ Power-on Security feature (page 79)

If you have set the power-on password (page 120), you can substitute fingerprint authentication for password entry
when starting your computer.

❑ Password Bank for quick web site access

Once you have registered your user information (user accounts, passwords, etc.) for web sites in the Password Bank,
you can substitute fingerprint authentication for entering information required to access the password-protected web sites.
For detailed information, see the help file included with the Protector Suite.

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!

You may not be able to use the Password Bank feature depending on the web site you access.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

❑ Archive encryption

❑ File Safe feature to encrypt/decrypt data

With the File Safe feature, you can create an encrypted archive to include a file and/or folder for protection against
unauthorized access. The encrypted archive can be decrypted or unlocked for included file/folder access by swiping
your finger across the fingerprint sensor or entering the backup password you specified for encryption.

❑ Personal Safe feature

With the Personal Safe feature, you can encrypt contents of any protected folder on the desktop or the built-in storage
device. The encrypted folder will be hidden from other users sharing your computer.

❑ Application launcher function for quick application access

The application launcher feature is available on your computer for launching your preferred application (executable file)
that is assigned to one of your fingers with a registered fingerprint. Once you have assigned an application to your finger,
you can launch the assigned application simply by swiping the finger across the fingerprint sensor.

❑ Strong Password Generator function

The Strong Password Generator function allows you to enhance computer security by generating a strong password
resistant to dictionary attacks. The generated password can be registered in the Password Bank.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

Registering a Fingerprint

To use the fingerprint authentication function, you must register your fingerprint(s) in your computer.

✍

Set the Windows password on your computer before registration. See Adding the Windows Password (page 129) for the detailed instructions.

To register a fingerprint

1 Click Start, All Programs, Protector Suite, and Control Center.

2 Read an end user license agreement thoroughly and click Accept.

3 Follow the on-screen instructions.

✍

For detailed information, see the help file.

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

If you have failed to register a fingerprint, follow these steps to try again.

1 Place the top joint of your finger on the fingerprint sensor (1).

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

2 Swipe your finger perpendicularly across the fingerprint sensor.

!

Place your fingertip flat in the center of the fingerprint sensor.

Scan your fingerprint from the top joint of the finger to the fingertip.

Keep your finger in contact with the fingerprint sensor while swiping.

Fingerprint registration may fail if you move your finger too quickly or too slowly. Let the fingerprint sensor take about one second to scan your
fingerprint.

You may not be able to register and/or have your fingerprint(s) recognized if your finger is too dry or wet, wrinkled, injured, dirty, etc.

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Register more than one fingerprint in case that the fingerprint sensor fails to recognize the fingerprint.

Be sure to clean your fingertip(s) and the fingerprint sensor before swiping in order to keep good recognition performance.

You can register only the limited number of fingerprints for logging onto your system using the Power-on Security feature (page 79). The maximum
number of fingerprints you can register varies depending on the data amount of each fingerprint.

You can also select the fingerprint you want to use for the Power-on Security feature (page 79) later.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

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Logging Onto Your System

To use the fingerprint authentication function in place of a password entry to log onto your system, you need to set the power­on, hard disk, and Windows passwords and configure your computer for fingerprint authentication.

For setting the power-on, hard disk, and Windows passwords, see Setting the Password (page 120).

For detailed information, see the help file included with the Protector Suite.

Logging onto Windows

If you have registered your fingerprints for your user account, you can substitute fingerprint authentication for Windows
password entry. To log onto Windows, swipe the registered finger across the fingerprint sensor when the Windows log-on
screen appears.

Power-on Security feature

If you have set the power-on password (page 120) and/or the hard disk password (page 125), you can substitute fingerprint
authentication for password entry when starting your computer.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using Fingerprint Authentication

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Erasing the Registered Fingerprints

Before disposing of your computer or transferring it to a third person, it is strongly recommended you erase the fingerprint
data registered on the fingerprint sensor after erasing the data stored on your built-in storage device.

To erase the registered fingerprints

1 Turn on the computer.

2 Press the F2 key when the VAIO logo appears.

The BIOS setup screen appears. If the screen does not appear, restart the computer and press the F2 key several times
when the VAIO logo appears.

3 Press the < or , key to select Security to display the Security tab.

4 Press the

5 At the confirmation prompt, select Continue and press the Enter key.

The fingerprint data registered on the fingerprint sensor is erased automatically after your system restarts.

m key to select Clear Fingerprint Data and press the Enter key.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

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Using the TPM

The Trusted Platform Module (TPM) may be embedded in your computer to provide basic security functions. In combination
with the TPM, you can encrypt and decrypt your data to strengthen computer security against inappropriate access.

Features and options in this section may not be available on your computer.
See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

TPMs are defined by Trusted Computing Group (TCG) and also called security chips.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

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Important Notice

Notes on encrypting the operating system or program files

Encrypting files used by your operating system or any software application, using the Encrypting File System (EFS) with the
TPM, will disable you to launch or operate such software.

To avoid such problems, observe the following before using the EFS:

❑ Be sure to save data you want to encrypt to the following destinations:

❑ The Encrypted Data folder created with the default settings in the user initialization process

❑ A new encrypted folder created in the My Documents folder or the Documents folder on your account

❑ The Personal Secure Drive

✍

The Personal Secure Drive is a virtual drive that is created by using the Personal Secure Drive feature and automatically encrypts data that is saved to it.

❑ Do not change the following settings on the View tab in the Folder Options window displayed by clicking Folder and

search options from Organize in the menu of Windows Explorer.

❑ Don't show hidden files, folders, or drives

❑ Hide protected operating system files (Recommended)

❑ Do not change the system attributes of the files, unless necessary.

❑ Do not encrypt the Windows folder, the Program Files folder, and all files in each folder.

❑ Do not encrypt the Users folder and all account folders in it.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

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Notes on encrypting key files or files on the Personal Secure Drive

Encrypting files created in the following folders when your user account is initialized and the EFS is enabled will disable you
to launch your TPM software and decrypt the encrypted data.

With the default settings, the files in the folders below cannot be encrypted because they have system attributes.
Do not change the system attributes of the files in the folders below.

!

The following folders are hidden by default.

❑ Folders containing key files

❑ C:\ProgramData\Infineon

❑ C:\Users\All Users\Infineon

(C:\Users\All Users is a shortcut to C:\ProgramData.)

❑ C:\Users\<account>\AppData\Roaming\Infineon

❑ Files on the Personal Secure Drive

C:\Security Platform\Personal Secure Drive\System Data\xxx.FSF

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

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Notes on encrypting backup files or other files

Encrypting backup archive files or emergency recovery token files will disable you to recover your computer system for
emergency, and encrypting password reset token files or secret files will disable you to reset the password.

Do not encrypt the following files or folders:

✍

The default path for files below or displayed by clicking Browse is My Documents (or Documents)\Security Platform or Security Platform in removal
media.

❑ Automatic backup archive file

Default file name: SPSystemBackup.xml or SPSystemBackup_<your computer name>.xml

❑ Storage folder for automatic backup archive files

Folder name (Fixed):

❑ SPSystemBackup (The folder is created as the subfolder for the SPSystemBackup.xml file.)

❑ SPSystemBackup_<your computer name> (The folder is created as the subfolder for SPSystemBackup_<your

computer name>.xml file.)

❑ Emergency recovery token file

Default file name: SPEmRecToken.xml

❑ Password reset token file

Default file name: SPPwResetToken.xml

❑ Token file for emergency recovery/password reset

Default file name: SPToken_<your computer name>.xml

❑ Password reset secret file

Default file name: SPPwdResetSecret.xml or SPPwdResetSecret_<your computer name>_<user name>.<domain
name>.xml

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

❑ Key and certificate backup file

Default file name: SpBackupArchive.xml

❑ PSD backup file

Default file name: <Drive name>-Personal Secure Drive.fsb

❑ Owner password backup file

Default file name: SpOwner_<your computer name>.tpm

❑ Protocol file

Default file name: SpProtocol_<your computer name>_<user name>.<domain name>.txt

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Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

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Configuring the TPM

To use the embedded TPM, you need to:

1 Enable the TPM in the BIOS setup screen.

2 Install the Infineon TPM Professional Package.

3 Initialize and configure the TPM.

To enable the TPM in the BIOS setup screen

1 Turn on your computer.

2 Press the F2 key when the VAIO logo appears.

The BIOS setup screen appears. If not, restart the computer and press the F2 key several times when the VAIO logo
appears.

3 Press the < or , key to select the Security tab, the M or m key to select Change TPM State, and then the Enter key.
4 Press the M or m key to select Enable and then the Enter key.
5 Press the < or , key to select Exit, select Exit Setup, and then press the Enter key.

6 After your system restarts, select Execute in the confirmation window and then press the Enter key.

✍

You can also disable the TPM and clear the TPM configuration in the BIOS setup screen.

!

Before enabling the TPM, be sure to set the power-on and hard disk passwords to protect against unauthorized modification of the TPM configuration.

If the TPM is enabled, it will take longer before the VAIO logo appears due to security checks at computer startup.

You will not be able to access any TPM-protected data if you clear the TPM ownership. Before clearing the TPM configuration, be sure to make backup
copies of the TPM-protected data.

Using Your VAIO Computer >
Using the TPM

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To install the Infineon TPM Professional Package

Read the Readme.txt in the C:\Infineon\Readme folder. Then, double-click setup.exe in the C:\Infineon folder to install the
package.

To install this package, you must have administrative rights on the computer.

!

You need to set a few passwords while installing the Infineon TPM Professional Package. Without these passwords, you will not be able to restore
any TPM-protected data or backup files. Be sure to write down the passwords and keep them safe and private from other people.

To initialize and configure the TPM

See the on-screen documentation for detailed information. To open the documentation, click Start, All Programs, Infineon

Security Platform Solution, and Help.

!

The maintenance and management of TPM-protected data must be carried out at your own risk. Sony assumes no liability for any defects arising out
of your data maintenance and management.

Using Peripheral Devices >

Using Peripheral Devices

You can add functionality to your VAIO computer by using the various ports on the computer.

❑ Using the Noise Canceling Headphones (page 89)

❑ Connecting a Docking Station (page 95)

❑ Connecting an Optical Disc Drive (page 103)

❑ Connecting External Speakers or Headphones (page 104)

❑ Connecting an External Display (page 105)

❑ Selecting Display Modes (page 111)

❑ Using the Multiple Monitors Function (page 112)

❑ Connecting an External Microphone (page 114)

❑ Connecting a USB Device (page 115)

❑ Connecting an i.LINK Device (page 117)

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Using Peripheral Devices >
Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

A pair of noise canceling headphones may be supplied with your computer depending on the model you purchased.

Features and options in this section may not be available on your computer.
See the specifications to find out about the configuration of your computer.

The noise canceling headphones are equipped with a built-in microphone that catches ambient noise and outputs an
antiphase sound to reduce the noise.

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Using Peripheral Devices >
Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

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Before You Use the Noise Canceling Headphones

❑ You can enable the noise canceling function only when the supplied noise canceling headphones are connected to the

headphones jack that supports this function.

❑ The noise canceling function does not work on sound output with the following devices:

❑ External speakers

❑ Headphones without the noise canceling function

❑ Sound output devices connected to your computer via a Bluetooth connection

❑ The noise canceling function cannot be fully in effect unless you properly wear the headphones. Be sure to fit earpieces

of the headphones tightly into your ears.

If you feel that the noise canceling function has little effect, adjust the earbud position in the earpieces of the noise
canceling headphones or replace the earbuds with a pair in another size. A pair of medium-size earbuds is attached to
the earpieces by default and there should be an extra pair in each small and large sizes supplied with the headphones.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

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❑ The noise canceling function is to reduce low-frequency noise in the ambient environment but not high-frequency noise.

Nor is it to implement a 100% noise-free audio environment.

❑ When the noise canceling function does not seem to be working, unplug the supplied noise canceling headphones

completely and then plug them back again.

❑ Keep the built-in microphone (1) of the noise canceling headphones unblocked to ensure that the noise canceling function

can be fully in effect.

❑ You may hear a soft hissing noise while the noise canceling function is enabled. This is just operational noise that the

function generates and does not indicate a malfunction.

❑ You may feel that the noise canceling function has little effect or ambient noise seems even louder, depending on the type

of noise or the degree of quietness in your environment. In such a case, disable the noise canceling function.

❑ Use of a mobile phone may cause radio interference with the noise canceling headphones. When using the headphones,

keep mobile phones away from the headphones.

❑ Plugging or unplugging the noise canceling headphones generates noise. This is normal and does not indicate a

malfunction. Be sure to take off the headphones from your ears before plugging or unplugging the headphones.

❑ Enabling/disabling the noise canceling function or enabling/disabling sound with the Windows volume controls generates

noise. This is caused by switching the noise canceling circuit and does not indicate a malfunction.

❑ Be sure to use the supplied noise canceling headphones. You can plug the headphones supplied with a Walkman

®

to

your computer but the noise canceling function of the computer will not work well with such headphones.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

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Connecting the Noise Canceling Headphones

To connect the noise canceling headphones

Plug the headphones cable into the headphones jack i.

The icon appears on the taskbar to indicate that the noise canceling function is enabled and a balloon message pops
up from the icon.

!

Before plugging the headphones cable to the headphones jack, make sure that the embossed marking on the plug faces upward.

✍

When the icon is on the taskbar, the noise canceling function is disabled. Right-click the icon and select Enable Noise Canceling Function from
the menu.

If no icon is on the taskbar, see What to do if the icon and the balloon do not appear (page 94) to change the settings.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

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Adjusting the Effect of the Noise Canceling Function

The noise canceling headphones supplied with your computer is configured to yield the optimum effect by default.

If you feel that the noise canceling function is not fully in effect, you may be able to adjust the effect with the Noise Canceling
Control slider on the Noise Canceling Headphones window.

To adjust the effect of the noise canceling function

1 Right-click the icon on the taskbar and select Settings.

The Noise Canceling Headphones window appears.

✍

If no icon is on the taskbar, see What to do if the icon and the balloon do not appear (page 94) to change the settings.

2 Drag the Noise Canceling Control slider toward Mic+ or Mic- to select your desired noise canceling level.

✍

The slider should be at the center of the range to yield the optimum level. Dragging the slider all the way to Mic+ does not bring the noise canceling
function fully into effect.

3 Click Apply.

4 Confirm that the noise canceling effect is satisfactory and then click OK.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Using the Noise Canceling Headphones

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What to do if the icon and the balloon do not appear

When the noise canceling function icon ( / ) is not on the taskbar and the balloon message does not pop up from
the icon, change the noise canceling function settings.

To display the balloon message and the icon

1 Click Start and Control Panel.

2 Click Hardware and Sound.

3 Click Manage audio devices under Sound.

4 On the Playback tab, double-click the speakers or headphones icon.

5 Click the Enhancements tab.

6 Click to select the Noise Canceling Function check box and click Modify Settings.

✍

If the Disable all enhancements check box is selected, click to cancel the check box.

7 Click to select the Display an icon for the noise canceling headphones in the task tray or Display a message when

noise canceling headphones are connected check box.

8 Click OK.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Connecting a Docking Station

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Connecting a Docking Station

Attaching a docking station enables you to connect additional peripherals to your computer, such as a printer and an external
display.

A docking station is not supplied with your computer and is available as an optional accessory.

Locating Ports on the Docking Station

A DC IN indicator

Illuminates while the docking station is powered.

B IN USE indicator (page 99)
C UNDOCK button (page 99)
D DC IN port (page 96)
E Network (LAN) port (1000BASE-T / 100BASE-TX / 10BASE-T)

(page 56)

F Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0) ports
G DVI-D port (page 105)
H MONITOR port (page 105)

* Support high-/full-/low- speeds.

*

(page 115)

!

The docking station can be powered only through the AC adapter supplied with your computer. Do not unplug the AC adapter from the docking station
and the AC outlet while using the docking station. This may cause data damage or hardware malfunctions.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Connecting a Docking Station

Attaching Your Computer to the Docking Station

!

Be sure to install the battery pack before attaching your computer to the docking station.

To attach your computer to the docking station

!

Use the AC adapter supplied with your computer.

Do not move your computer when it is attached to the docking station. This may detach the docking station and cause damage to both units.

The monitor port on your computer is not accessible when the computer is attached to the docking station. Use the DVI-D or MONITOR port on the
docking station for connecting an external display.

1 Disconnect all peripherals from the computer.

2 Plug one end of the power cord (1) into the AC adapter (2) and the other end into an AC outlet.

3 Plug the cable connected to the AC adapter (2) into the DC IN port (3) on the docking station (4).

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Using Peripheral Devices >
Connecting a Docking Station

4 Remove the docking station connector cover from the bottom of the computer.

!

You may find it difficult to remove the docking station connector cover, as it is tight in place on your computer. Do not exert extra pressure when
removing the cover so as not to damage the computer or the docking station connector cover.

✍

Once you have removed the docking station connector cover, keep it in the designated space (1) on the docking station.

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Using Peripheral Devices >
Connecting a Docking Station

5 Align the rear bottom corners of the computer with the guides on the docking station.

6 Gently push down the computer until it clicks into place.

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7 Lift open the LCD screen lid and turn on the computer.

Using Peripheral Devices >
Connecting a Docking Station

Disconnecting Your Computer from the Docking Station

!

Make sure that no devices connected to the docking station are in use before disconnecting your computer.

Do not disconnect your computer from the docking station while the IN USE indicator light is lit. Disconnecting the computer while the IN USE indicator
is lit may result in loss of unsaved data or a failure of the computer.

When the battery pack is running out of power, disconnecting your computer from the docking station may result in loss of unsaved data.

Do not disconnect your computer from the docking station during video playback. Be sure to close video playback software before disconnection.

Once you have completed the steps in To disconnect your computer from the docking station (page 100), be sure to take your computer off the docking
station. Use of the computer while on the docking station may cause unstable operations.

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Using Peripheral Devices >
Connecting a Docking Station

To disconnect your computer from the docking station

1 Press the UNDOCK button (1) and wait until the IN USE indicator light (2) turns off.

✍

If the IN USE indicator is unlit, you do not have to press the UNDOCK button.

Pressing the UNDOCK button while your computer is in a power saving mode brings the computer to Normal mode first, and then initiates the
disconnection process.

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!

Once you have placed your computer back in Normal mode, be sure to take your computer off the docking station. Use of the computer while on the
docking station may cause unstable operations.