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FEATURES
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Transport Wheels
Make it simple to move machine across any flat
surface.
Heavy Duty Construction
Institutional-quality construction stands up to
the most intense workout environments.
Electromagnetic Braking
Computer controlled, contact-free resistance braking
provides fast, fluid adjustability and long-lasting, reliable performance.
Self-Generating Computer
No plug in required, simply begin exercising to
activate all the machine’s functions.
On-Board Computer
Obtain immediate feedback on speed, time, watts,
mets, distance, calories, and strides per minute.
Also offers over 100 workout options-manual mode
plus six programs and 16 levels of intensity.
Synchronized Arms
For a total body workout.
Belt Drive
Provides extra smooth and quiet operation.
Frame Stabilizers
Oversize frame stabilizers for added stability.
Foot Platform
Moves along with your natural foot motion.
Quick Start
Your workout begins with
the touch of a button
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Operation ......................................................................................................4
How to use the 410i elliptical trainer ..................................................4
How to use the 410i elliptical trainer computer ...............................5
Maintenance...................................................................................................8
Moving your 410i elliptical trainer........................................................8
Leveling your 410i elliptical trainer ......................................................8
Maintenance.............................................................................................8
Guidelines – General Fitness and Exercise
by Edmund R. Burke, Ph.D
.........................................................................9
Getting the most out of your home fitness program.....................9
The Stanford home exercise study......................................................9
Home fitness planning worksheet .....................................................10
Balance fitness........................................................................................11
Muscular strength..................................................................................12
Cardiovascular strength .......................................................................12
Training effect.........................................................................................12
Flexibility..................................................................................................13
Exercise and body composition..........................................................13
A balanced workout...............................................................................14
Warm up...................................................................................................14
Aerobic/strength exercise...................................................................14
Cool down ...............................................................................................15
How to determine your maximum heart rate .................................15
Target heart rate training zones.........................................................15
Beating the dropout odds: Jump start your fitness program......16
Summary of Surgeon General’s Report on
physical activity and health..................................................................16
Make exercise a habit ............................................................................17
It's never too late for fitness ...............................................................18
Suggested readings...............................................................................18
Schwinn Cycling & Fitness Inc. Limited Warranty ...........................19
3
Thank you for making the Schwinn 410i elliptical trainer a part of your
exercise program. For many years to come, you will be able to rely on
the quality of Schwinn’s craftsmanship and durability. We have included some general fitness guidelines for your use and hope you will
find the information valuable in assisting you in your pursuit of a
healthy lifestyle.
The 410i elliptical trainer will enable you to customize and monitor
your workouts to:
▲ Increase your energy level
▲ Increase cardiovascular and aerobic fitness
▲ Increase lower and upper body muscle strength
▼ Decrease your overall percentage of body fat
Whether you are just getting started in an exercise program or are
already physically fit, the 410i is designed to be an efficient, easy
and enjoyable way to achieve an improved level of fitness. You can
exercise your way to a more fit and healthy body. The on-board
digital computer enables you to accurately monitor your progress
by tracking time, distance, speed, watts, Mets, calories, and strides
per minute.
This Owner’s Manual contains all the information you need to operate
and enjoy your 410i elliptical trainer. Please read the manual in its
entirety before attempting to exercise on the 410i.
Let’s get started.
INTRODUCTION
CONGRATULATIONS!
FITNESS SAFEGUARDS
Before starting any exercise program, consult with your physician or health professional. He or she can
help establish the exercise frequency, intensity (target heart rate zone) and time appropriate for your
particular age and condition. If you have any pain or tightness in your chest, an irregular heartbeat,
shortness of breath, feel faint or have any discomfort while you exercise, STOP! Consult your physician
before continuing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
Page 3
To start using the 410i simply stand on the foot pedals with the
front of your shoes close to the front edge of the foot platform.
Place your hands at a comfortable position on the upper body
arms. Simply move your highest foot forward and follow the
natural path of the machine.
Start on a level that is comfortable to familiarize yourself with
the machine. Once you are comfortable start adjusting the level
to achieve the workout desired.
■ Full Body/Lower Body
The 410i elliptical machine can either be used as a complete
body workout or lower body only. If you choose not to use
your arms, place them on the stationary handles in front of you.
Remember the more muscles you use the more calories you
burn.
■ Forward/Reverse
The 410i can be used in the forward and reverse direction to
vary the muscles that you work out. This will also vary your
workout helping you to stay motivated. To change directions,
simply slow the pedals down until they stop and switch directions. Note: The computer lights will turn off while you are
stopped, however, your workout will be stored for 8 seconds,
allowing you time to resume exercising without losing your
workout data.
■ Level Adjustment
The 410i resistance level can be changed at any time during your
workout. Adjusting your level will allow you to increase or
decrease your intensity level.
■ Using the 410i computer
For added workout variety, the on-board computer features a selection
of 7 preprograms as well as a manual mode program. The manual
mode program can be easily accessed via the Quick Start button. All
other workout programs require you to input data. The computer also
features multi-feedback functions and easy-to-read LED displays to
keep track of your workout performance and progress. By taking a few
moments to fully understand the computer operation and functions,
you will get more pleasure, motivation and value from your 410i
elliptical trainer workouts. It’s really very easy.
■ Accessing the computer workout programs
You have two options of accessing programs: 1. Utilize the “Quick
Start” feature or 2. Program the computer by entering specific data
as explained below.
■ Quick Start
To utilize the Quick Start feature on the computer, simply begin
pedaling and maintain a minimum speed of 50 strides/min. Press the
“START/RESET” button and the computer will begin immediately. (Fig. 5)
The default setting for the quick start program is a manual program
that has a resistance level of three. The program is set for a 20
minute workout. You can easily change the resistance level at any
time by pushing the UP or DOWN buttons.
HOW TO USE THE 410i ELLIPTICAL TRAINER
4 5
FITNESS SAFEGUARDS
Failure to follow any of these safeguards may result in injury or serious health problems.
• Do not place fingers or any other objects into moving parts of the exercise equipment.
• Keep children and pets away from the 410i Elliptical trainer. A child’s curiosity may result in injury.
• Do not allow children to use the 410i elliptical trainer. The machine is designed and intended for
adults, not children.
• Never turn pedal crank arms by hand. To avoid entanglement and possible injury, do not expose
hands or arms to the drive mechanism.
• Do not dismount the 410i elliptical until the pedals are at a complete STOP.
• Warn bystanders to keep a safe distance. Do not allow anyone to touch the bike while it is in operation.
USING THE 410i COMPUTER
FIG.5
OPERATION
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6
7
■ Other features of the 410i HRC Computer
The bike computer keeps track of a variety of feedback functions.
When a particular FUNCTION LED is on, that function readout will
appear in the corresponding window.
Interval Clock and Level Window: (Located in the upper right hand
corner of the computer) (Fig. 7)
Interval Clock – The INTERVAL clock will count down the time of each
interval to 0.
Level – If you change your resistance level during a program, this
window will display the newly selected LEVEL for a few seconds.
It will then automatically return to the INTERVAL clock display.
Time Window: (Also located in the upper right hand corner of the
computer)
Time – Displays workout time.
Function Window 1: (Located in the lower right hand side of the
computer) (Fig. 8)
Watts – The WATTS feedback function keeps track of the approximate
power required to pedal the machine. (To change the
displayed function from Watts to Mets, press the corresponding
scan/hold button.)
Mets – The METS feedback function is a calculation of the approximate calories per hour burned divided by the user's body weight.
It is a function used primarily to control rehabilitation prescriptions
and perceived energy exertion. It can be used to compare power
requirements between users of different weights. ( Press the
corresponding scan/hold button.)
Scan – When in SCAN mode, the computer provides a continuously
changing display as it alternates between the WATTS and METS
feedback functions. Press SCAN/HOLD again to lock in on the
WATTS function.
Function Window 2: (Fig. 8)
RPMs – The RPMs feedback function keeps track of your pedal speed
in strides per minute (press the corresponding scan/hold button).
Speed – The SPEED feedback function keeps track of your approximate miles per hour rate (press the corresponding scan/hold button).
Distance – The DISTANCE feedback function displays the approximate
miles total (press the corresponding scan/hold button).
Calories – The CALORIES feedback function displays the approximate
number of calories burned during your workout (press the corresponding scan/hold button).
Scan – When in SCAN mode, the computer provides a continuously
changing display as it alternates between the RPMs, SPEED, DISTANCE,
and CALORIES feedback functions. (Press SCAN/HOLD again to lock in
on the RPMs function.)
PROGRAMMING THE 410i COMPUTER
FIG.7
FIG.8
■ Programming the Computer
1. To activate the computer, simply begin pedaling and maintain a
minimum speed of 50 strides/min.
2. Select the desired PROGRAM using the UP and DOWN arrow buttons.
Choose manual mode or one of the seven pre-programs by lighting
up the LED next to your choice. (Fig. 6) Then press the ENTER button.
3. The AGE LED will blink, prompting you to enter your age. Change
the default setting as needed, by using the UP and DOWN arrow
buttons. Then press the ENTER button.
4. Enter your WEIGHT, changing the default setting as needed, by using
the UP and DOWN arrow buttons and then press the ENTER button.
5. Enter your GENDER by using the UP and DOWN buttons. A number
"1” in the upper right window indicates Male and a number "2”
indicates Female. Press ENTER when the correct sex is indicated.
6. Enter the workout TIME you want, by using the UP and DOWN arrow
buttons. Then press the ENTER button.
7. Finally, choose the LEVEL of your workout using the UP and DOWN
arrow buttons.
8. Press the START/RESET button and continue pedaling.
Note: You can change the workout level at any time during a
program using the UP and DOWN buttons. Also, by taking the time
to input your age, weight and sex, the computer can calculate a more
accurate calorie count. The computer will hold program data for 8
seconds when you stop to change direction or for some other reason.
After 8 seconds the computer will reset.
CAUTION! DISMOUNT THE 410i ELLIPTICAL TRAINER ONLY AFTER THE
PEDALS HAVE COME TO A COMPLETE STOP.
Reset – You can RESET and clear your computer of workout data
by pushing the START/RESET button, or by not pedaling for 30 seconds.
Manual and Rehabilitation: These two programs maintain a constant
torque resistance (manual mode) or constant power resistance
(rehabilitation mode) throughout the entire program time. The level
of effort can be changed during the program by hitting the UP or
DOWN arrow at any time. (Fig. 6)
Pike’s Peak, Strength Interval, Speed Interval, Stride in the Park,
Rolling and Plateau Programs: These programs provide a continuously
changing level of effort throughout the defined program time. These
programs can add variety to your workout and can help you achieve a
higher level of fitness by elevating your heart rate during specific
intervals.
FIG.6
Page 5
■ Moving your 410i elliptical trainer
To move the 410i elliptical trainer, carefully lift the rear end of the
machine. Steer the machine to the desired location. Be gentle while
moving the unit as any sharp impact directly or indirectly to the
computer can affect computer operation. (Fig. 9)
■ Leveling your 410i elliptical trainer
The 410i elliptical trainer can be leveled to compensate for uneven
surfaces. To level the 410i, raise or lower the two leveling bolts
located on the underside of the rear stabilizer by screwing them in
or out as needed. (Fig. 10)
■ Maintenance
Use a damp cloth to wipe your 410i elliptical trainer and computer
free of sweat. Avoid getting extra moisture on the computer. By keeping the computer face free of sweat, you can ensure a longer
computer life.
IMPORTANT: To avoid damaging the finish on your 410i elliptical
trainer and computer, never use a petroleum-based solvent
when cleaning.
MAINTENANCE OF YOUR 410i ELLIPTICAL TRAINER
FIG.9
FIG.10
8
9
GUIDELINES
SCHWINN EXERCISE EQUIPMENT MANUAL
Edmund R. Burke, Ph.D.
■ Getting the Most Out of Your Home Fitness Program
The three main reasons for the increased popularity of home fitness gyms
and exercise are convenience, convenience and convenience. For any fitness
program to be successful, it must be done on a regular, sustained basis. With
equipment in your home, you can roll out of bed, put on a pair of sweats, and
start working out while the coffee is brewing.
For many, home workouts are easier to fit into their hectic schedules.
No getting in the car and having to go to the health club. No standing in
line to use the stair climber. Then there is the comfort and safety factor.
Who wants to run outdoors during a raging blizzard. Or, who wants to ride
a bike on busy city streets during rush hour in the heat of summer. It's
much more comfortable to hop on your Schwinn home fitness equipment
and exercise in the comfort and security of your air-conditioned room.
Privacy and cleanliness are also important. Many feel intimidated in a gym,
especially if they are carrying around a few extra pounds. At home you can
exercise without feeling as if you are being rushed or that anyone is looking
at you. No more lying down on a sweaty bench or wondering if you'll catch
athlete's foot in the shower.
Flexibility of time may be the biggest advantage. Work schedules vary for
many people who work flex shifts or have a family that has different schedules.
Parents with children soon discover that exercising at home turns out to be
the only viable alternative if they want to stay fit. But parents and busy workers
may not be the only ones who benefit from exercising at home.
■ The Stanford Home Exercise Study
Recently, researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine, conducted a year long study of over 350 individuals to examine the effectiveness and
compliance of a group of supervised home exercisers versus a group of
individuals who reported for a group session at the university. The subject
population included middle aged men and women and included fit individuals
as well as individuals who were overweight and smoked.
Individuals in both the high intensity (three 40-minute sessions per week on
the treadmill at a 73 to 88 percent of max heart rate) and low intensity group
(five 30-minute sessions at 60-71 percent of max heart rate) reported significantly greater adherence than those in the university group based program.
Many at the beginning of the study thought that the university based
group would have a greater compliance rate than the home based group,
because of the camaraderie of the group and the instruction given by the
instructors. But the study found the opposite to be true. The group program
was just too inconvenient over the 12 month period for the subjects to justify
the benefits.
But the good news was that all three groups showed fitness improvements. With the individuals in the low intensity group achieving similar results
as the high intensity group. Good news for those of you just starting out in a
moderate exercise program.
Perhaps most importantly, research has also shown that it's never too
late to start exercising . . .and experiencing the benefits. Studies conducted
at Tufts University, for instance, show that even people in their 90's can
significantly increase their strength as a result of following a moderate,
strength training program.
Exercise is one of life's joys. It energizes–it gives you a sense of well-being
and accomplishment and it keeps you healthy and fit. There is great pleasure
in being able to set goals, accept your own challenges and push yourself to a
better life of health and fitness.
Once you have made the commitment to get started in a home fitness
program, here are some suggestions that you may want consider to help you
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GUIDELINES
11
get off on the right foot and stay motivated. Realize that any new habit is
difficult to establish at first, but it can be done. Follow these steps and you'll
be on your way to establishing and using your home fitness center for
improved health and fitness. Enjoy the journey!
√ Get a physical exam. If you have been inactive for several years or new
to an exercise program, be sure to consult with your family physician.
Especially if you're over 35, have health problems or have a history of
heart disease in your family.
√ Begin planning for your home fitness center. Set aside a portion or a
room in your house or apartment that is exclusively for fitness, and make
sure that it is as comfortable as possible so you'll enjoy using it. If you like
music or like to look outside while exercising, make sure these things are
accessible. Do not force yourself to exercise in a part of the house that
isn't comfortable, you will not feel motivated to exercise.
√ Do you need a companion? If you prefer to exercise with someone, find a
friend to train with who lives nearby. Encouraging your spouse or children
to exercise with you is an excellent way to stay motivated and promote
family unity.
√ Make fitness a part of your daily lifestyle. Include it in your daily planner
just as you would any other appointment. Keep the appointment; you'll be
glad you did.
√ Use affirmations. Affirmations will help you program your subconscious
to accept new beliefs. They should be positive statements. "I am living a
healthier lifestyle by exercising several times per week at home." Repeat
your affirmations several times per week.
■ Home Fitness Planning Worksheet
Target date to begin exercise program:_____________________
Times of day I can exercise:
Time #1________________________
Time #2________________________
Time #3________________________
Days of the week that are good for me to workout:
Day #1_________________________
Day #2_________________________
Day #3_________________________
Activities I would like to experiment with:
Activity #1_____________________
Activity #2_____________________
Activity #3_____________________
Exercise goals I wish to accomplish:
Goal #1_________________________
Goal #2_________________________
Goal #3_________________________
STEPS TO GETTING STARTED
Individuals who will support me in my exercise program:
Person #1_______________________
Person #2_______________________
Person #3_______________________
Individuals who can workout with me:
Person #1_______________________
Person #2_______________________
Person #3_______________________
Over the last 25 years, ever since the introduction of Dr. Kenneth Cooper's
book, Aerobics, many individuals have focused on walking, running, cycling,
swimming, and other types of aerobic activity as their only means of exercise.
Unfortunately, this has led to many of these same people neglecting other
key components of fitness; such as strength training, flexibility and body
composition. Many of us lack the strength to carry a full back of groceries, or
the flexibility to pick up our shoes without bending at the knees. In addition,
as we have aged, we have replaced muscle tissue with fat tissue.
Continued work by Dr. Cooper at the Institute of Aerobics Research, is
showing that in addition to the need to stress our cardiovascular system, that
more attention needs to be placed on building stronger muscles and increasing
joint flexibility. They are talking about the benefits of balanced fitness: regular
physical activity that includes strength training and flexibility (stretching) in
addition to aerobic conditioning.
For many years, "fitness" has been solely a measure of cardiovascular
(aerobic) endurance. And, while aerobic fitness is the cornerstone for health
and quality of life, there are two other components that are nearly as important. When developing your home fitness program it is only appropriate that
you develop all three components in order to achieve balanced fitness, and
thus optimal health and quality of life. The three components are:
— Muscle strength
— Cardiovascular fitness
— Flexibility
■ Balance Fitness
Many people considering beginning a balanced home fitness program still
think "no pain, no gain." They usually think they have to cycle or lift weights
until they are over-tired and their body aches. This idea of fitness is outdated.
What they don't realize is that, in a short time using proper guidelines, the
initial tiredness or soreness will be replaced by increased energy for work and
recreation and an increased sense of well–being.
Since 1978, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has had an
influence on the medical and scientific communities with its position statement on "The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing
and Maintaining Fitness in Healthy Adults." For the first time since 1978 the
ACSM has revised its recommendations on exercise for healthy adults. The
new paper published in 1991 expands and revises advice on cardiovascular
fitness and body composition, and now recommends that you add resistance training. This is new information to those of us who have only cycled,
ran, swam, watched our body weight and controlled our diet to attempt to
maintain fitness.
Balanced fitness can do more to ensure a long, healthy life than just about
anything else known to the medical community today. It's never too late to
start a fitness program but ideally, you should build strong muscles, flexibility
and a strong cardiovascular system early in life and enter the later years with
your physical potential at its maximum.
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■ Muscular Strength
The new guidelines have added resistance training since the ACSM
recognizes the increasing importance of maintaining strength as a health
benefit as we get older. The rationale for the addition of strength training
to the guidelines is a result of a ten year follow-up study on master runners
(along with other studies). Those who continued to train aerobically without
upper body exercise maintained their body's oxygen transporting capacity
over the years, but lost about 4.5 pounds of lean body mass; those who
included strength training in their program maintained their lean body mass
along with their aerobic capacity after 10 years of aging.
The guidelines also show where consistent resistance training helps maintain bone and muscle mass as we get older. For women, strength training
(along with the aerobic work) may also protect against post menopausal bone
loss and osteoporosis in their later years.
The guidelines recommend that two strength training sessions per week
should be added to your workout schedule. We recommend three sessions a
week during the off-season and two sessions a week for maintenance during
the in-season. The new ACSM guidelines recommend one set of eight to 12
repetitions of eight to 10 strength exercises of your major muscle groups per
session as the minimum requirement. A complete detailed strength training
program will be outlined in a later section of this book. If weights or other
resistance training devices are not available, add calisthenics to your program.
■ Cardiovascular Fitness
The new statement, published in 1991, repeats the four recommendations
on duration, intensity, frequency and various modes of aerobic activity, with
slight changes. The duration is now 20 to 60 minutes, versus a minimum of 15
minutes in the past.
Intensity of exercise can be determined by two methods. The first is the
familiar use of target heart rate. The guidelines state that you should aim to
work at 60 to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate (max HR = 220 - your age)
or 50 to 85 percent of your maximal oxygen capacity (determined by doing a
stress test on a bicycle ergometer or treadmill at a medical facility).
Duration is dependent upon the intensity of the activity; for those who like
to work at a lower intensity they should work out longer. Low to moderate
intensity cycling, stepping, walking, or cross-country skiing is best for most
adults, because higher intensity workouts can lead to increased risk of injury
and it is easier to adhere to the exercise routine. Beginners can achieve a
significant training effect from low intensity workouts. If you're already fit
and want to improve, gradually increase your intensity.
The type of activity, once again, should include anything that uses large
muscle groups, and is rhythmical and aerobic in nature, such as cycling or running. Other activities could include stair climbing, cross-country skiing, walking,
etc. These activities need to be carried out three to five days per week.
■ Training Effect
Duration, intensity and frequency of training stimulate the aerobic training
effect. Any training done below the ACSM guidelines will not be sufficient
enough to give you the aerobic training effect. If you are exercising more
than the recommendations, it will not significantly increase the aerobic training effect, though athletes training for competition need to exercise more to
be competitive. It is important to remember not to over do it; your body
needs adequate recovery from a hard workout.
In general, endurance training for fewer than two days per week at less
than 60 percent of maximal heart rate, for fewer than 20 minutes per day, and
without a well-rounded resistance and flexibility program is inadequate for
developing and maintaining fitness in healthy adults. It is just that simple.
12
GUIDELINES
Keep in mind that the ACSM recommendations are guidelines for the
average person, not a champion athlete training for the Olympic Games.
An appropriate warm-up and cool-down, which would also include flexibility
exercises, is also recommended. While many of you will need to train with
more mileage and at a greater intensity to race competitively, the important
factor to remember for most people is that if they follow the ACSM guidelines
of physical activity they will attain increased physical and health benefits at
the lowest risk. Below is a table outlining the guidelines (Table 1.1).
The ACSM guidelines, if followed, can result in permanent lifestyle changes
for most individuals. The good news is that, with the right approach, exercising
at home can and should be pleasant. You can combine strength training, aerobic
exercise and flexibility activities that you enjoy and gain valuable health benefits.
Strength Training Aerobic Exercise Stretching
Frequency 2 to 3 times/week 3 to 5 times/week 3 to 6 times/week
Intensity 8-12 reps 60-90% of "easy" max HR
feeling until fatigue
Stretch Time 20-40 minutes 20-60 minutes 10 minutes
Type 10 exercises any rhythmical 10 stretches
activity
■ Flexibility
To be in total balance it is important to be flexible. While not part of the
ACSM guidelines, flexibility is important for you to perform tasks that require
reaching, twisting and turning your body. Hip flexibility, for example, is
important to preventing lower back pain.
■ Exercise and Body Composition
Body composition is an important component of health-related fitness.
Good body composition results from aerobic activity, strength training and
proper diet.
Your everyday caloric balance will determine whether you will gain or lose
weight from day-to-day. Caloric balance refers to the difference between the
calories you take in from food eaten and caloric expenditure or the amount of
energy you put out in daily activities, work or exercise.
Body weight is lost when caloric expenditure exceeds caloric intake or
when caloric intake is less than caloric expenditure. It is a known physiological
fact that one pound of fat is equal to 3500 calories of energy. Though it is predictable that shifts in caloric balance will be accompanied by changes in body
weight, how your body loses weight varies on the various programs you may
undertake to lose weight. For example, low calorie diets cause a substantial
loss of water and lean body tissue, such as muscle. In contrast, an exerciseinduced negative caloric balance results in a weight loss of primarily fat
stores. If you were to add a resistant training component to your program,
you may also see a slight increase in weight due to a gain in muscle mass,
while an aerobic based program usually results in a maintenance of muscle
mass. While both approaches to weight loss are effective, aerobic activity
is found to be very effective because metabolism stays sustained for longer
periods of time and energy. Expenditure is greater with activities that use
large muscle groups such as walking, cycling, cross-county skiing, etc.
Follow these guidelines when engaging in a weight loss program that
combines exercise and caloric restriction:
• Ensure that you are consuming at least 1,200 calories per day in a balanced
diet. You need to consume calories for everyday bodily, healthy functions.
• You should not exceed more than a 500 to 1,000 calories per day negative
caloric balance, combining both caloric restriction and exercise. This will
result in a gradual weight loss, without a loss of lean body weight (muscle).
You should not lose more than 2 pounds per week on a diet.
IDENTIFYING YOUR BALANCED FITNESS GOALS
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15
• Include an exercise program that provides as least 300 calories or more of
activity per day. This is best accomplished with exercise of low intensity and
long duration. Many pieces of home fitness equipment give estimates of
calories burned while exercising. Remember these are approximate calories
burned, exact amounts will depend on type of exercise, your body size,
intensity and duration.
• Add resistance training to your program to add muscle mass. Muscle cells
are more active than fat cells and will help you burn more calories per day.
• Include use of behavior modification techniques to identify and eliminate
bad diet and eating habits.
You should strive to burn between 300 to 500 calories per exercise session
and 1000 to 2000 calories per week in exercise. Remember that sustained
aerobic activities that use large muscle group will cause the greatest energy
expenditure.
If overweight or obese, you may want to keep the intensity even lower
than 60 percent of maximum heart rate to keep the risk of orthopedic
injuries at a minimum. Nonweight-bearing activities such as stationary
cycling may be considered for this group, or for those who suffer from
orthopedic or arthritis problems.
■ A Balanced Workout
All of your balanced home workouts should include three parts:
– Warm-up
– The main aerobic and/or strength routine
– Cool-down
Together, exercise and recovery comprise fitness conditioning: deny
either and you invite injury and minimize benefits. Our bodies and minds
become stronger and more efficient in response to their use and exercise.
Overuse and overload will cause breakdown. You don't want too much,
but just enough.
The secret is to know when you are pushing too much or too little.
Monitoring your heart rate tells you how much to exercise and when to rest.
■ Warm-up
A good warm-up will help you perform better and will decrease the aches
and pains most people experience. The warm-up prepares your muscles for
exercise and allows your oxygen supply to ready itself for what's to come.
Studies show that muscles perform best when they're warmer than normal
body temperatures. Warm-up exercises include cycling, walking, skiing slowly
until you begin to break a light sweat. This normally takes about 5 to 10
minutes. If using a heart rate monitor, raise your heart rate to about 110 to 120
beats per minute during your warm-up.
Stretching before and after exercise also serves many purposes. By promoting flexibility, it decreases the risk of injury and soreness. It also enhances
physical performance by allowing you to maintain a comfortable position on
the bicycle longer. Take a few minutes to stretch your legs, shoulders and
lower back before you get on your home equipment.
■ Aerobic/Strength Exercise
Vigorous aerobic exercise is the core of your workout program. The
intensity of your exercise must be strenuous enough to raise your heart rate
into your target zone. This is usually between 60 and 90% of your maximum
heart rate. Cycling, or any exercise done in this range, is usually called aerobic
exercise. It means your body, your heart, and the various exercising muscles
are working at a level at which oxygen can be utilized. Exercising with a heart
rate monitor allows you to constantly receive visible feedback (and on some
14
GUIDELINES
models audible feedback) as to what your heart rate is while exercising, and
allows you to stay within your selected target heart rate zone.
In addition to aerobic exercise, the ACSM recommends that healthy adults
perform a minimum of 8 to 10 strength exercises involving the major muscle
groups a minimum of two times per week. At least one set of 8 to 12
repetitions to near-fatigue should be completed during each session.
These recommendations are based on two factors:
• Most people aren't likely to adhere to workout sessions that last more than
60 minutes. The regimen outlined above can be completed in 30 minutes or
less, and when combined with 30 minutes of aerobic activity and flexibility
gives you a balanced workout.
• While more frequent and intense training is likely to build greater strength,
the difference is usually very small.
■ Cool-Down
The cool-down enables your body's cardiovascular system to gradually
return to normal, preferably over a 5 to 10 minute period. Bringing your
workout to an abrupt halt can cause light-headness, since blood will pool in
your legs if you abruptly stop working. Lower your exercise intensity
gradually over a period of a few minutes. When your heart rate has returned
to below 110 beats per minute you can stop exercising on whatever piece of
equipment you are on.
Always keep in mind that warm-up and cool-down are just as important as
the activity phase. Both can prevent many common injuries from occurring.
■ How To Determine Your Maximum Heart Rate
The best way to determine your maximal heart rate is to calculate your
target heart rate zones. Simply record your heart rate several times when
you are putting out a maximal effort, such as when you are going all out on
a stationary bicycle, or during a hard session of stair climbing.
The easiest option is to estimate your maximum heart rate based on a
formula which has been well-established for reliability: take the number 220,
and subtract your age. For example, a 45 year old would have an estimated
maximum heart rate of 175 (220 - 454 = 175). The target heart rate zone for
aerobic training would be 105 to 149 beats per minute (60 to 80 percent of
the maximum).
■ Target Heart Rate Training Zones
There are three primary heart rate training zones. The first is often
referred to as the "fat burning zone", because the intensity is moderate
enough to require your body to primarily use fat as the fuel source for the
exercise. You should exercise at 50 to 65 % of your maximal heart rate to
achieve this level of intensity. While you workout in this and the other zones,
your heart rate should fall somewhere between these two figures. People
just starting out on an exercise program or who want to lose weight should
concentrate on maintaining their heart rate in this zone for 20 to 30 minutes
per day, 3 to 5 days per week.
The second zone discussed above is known as the "aerobic exercise zone"
or is shown on many charts as the "target heart rate zone." In this zone you
should exercise at 60 to 85% of your maximal heart rate. Training in this zone
helps you build aerobic endurance and constructs a base upon which you can
progressively add more demanding workouts as your cardiovascular
fitness increases.
A higher level of training can help increase both your speed and tolerance
for the buildup of lactic acid, the primary waste product of anaerobic metabolism in your muscles. This type of workout from 85 to 100% of maximum heart
rate usually consists of short, hard sprints or repeated hill running and is
referred to as "anaerobic training."
IDENTIFYING YOUR BALANCED FITNESS GOALS
IDENTIFYING YOUR BALANCED FITNESS GOALS
Page 9
17
16
Varied training in all three of these zones will add to increased levels of
fitness and improved performance and add more energy to your life. "Most
training programs use a combination of training intensities to increase performance capacity," according to J. T. Kearney, Ph.D., Senior Exercise Physiologist
at the U. S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs. Kearney suggests that
it is important for individuals to monitor intensity. "There are many different
ways to monitor training but monitoring heart rate response is the simplest,
most convenient and least expensive physiological method for monitoring
training," Kearney says.
■ Predicted Target Heart Rate Zones for Different Ages
Age Maximum Predicted Aerobic Target
Heart Rate Zone: 60-85 %
20 200 120-170
25 195 117-166
30 190 114-162
35 185 111-157
40 180 108-153
45 175 105-149
50 170 102-145
55 165 99-140
60 160 96-136
After several weeks of "aerobic conditioning," certain changes become
apparent. What was a barely attainable level of exercise before, now becomes
quite easy. Whereas cycling or running at a certain pace or speed may have
previously caused your heart rate to go up to 135 beats per minute, that pace
can now be achieved at a lower heart rate. In short, your heart is becoming
stronger, larger and more efficient, and your body is able to do the same work
with less stain.
Regardless of your maximum average heart rate or your target heart rate,
you should consult with your physician or with a sports medical expert to
establish, with precision, the rates that are right for you, your age and your
medical and physical condition. This is especially important if you are over the
age of 35, been sedentary for several years, overweight or have a history of
heart disease in your family.
■ Beating The Dropout Odds: Jump Start Your Fitness Program
You already know you need to exercise. And you're probably trying –
at least a little. But let's get serious: If you don't add regular exercise to your
life, you're missing out on a sure bet. This is one area where medical research
all points in the same direction.
"Starting to exercise is comparable, from a health benefit standpoint, to
quitting smoking," says the recently released Surgeon's General Report on
Physical Activity and Health.
■ To sum up the recent report:
• Regular physical activity offers substantial improvements in health and well-
being for the majority of Americans.
• If you exercise regularly, the reports show, you'll reduce your risk of heart
attack, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and even the
common cold.
• Regular exercise, regardless of the intensity, can help you
control stress, sleep problems, and depression.
But even with all this evidence, only 22 percent of Americans engage in
exercise for 20 minutes a day. And even among individuals who begin
exercise programs, the dropout rate is about 50 percent. So if the Surgeon
GUIDELINES
General's findings are not convincing evidence enough to keep most us
exercising on a consistent basis, what is?
Scientists are finding that the process of beginning, increasing and
ultimately sticking to an exercise program is a combination of two elements:
finding the right incentives and building a habit. And, as we will see, these
two motivational factors are connected, but distinct.
Focusing on the positive is one of the best incentives to exercise. Avoid
looking at exercise as a way to fix something that's wrong with your body.
Instead, focus on your successes. Pat yourself on the back each time you've
made it though a workout. Thrive on the energy that exercising gives you.
Reward yourself with a dinner out, after you have reached a certain weight
loss goal, or buy yourself a new workout outfit. With these rewards, you'll
go back for more, and your body will show results.
Don't view exercise as punishment. Don't look at exercise as something that
has to be tackled because you are out of shape. Think of exercise as an investment in your health, your physical looks and your mental outlook. As you run,
walk or lift weights, concentrate on the positive energy being generated within
your body and the renewed sense of life and wellness you feel.
The basics of any fitness program are planning and setting goals. Goal setting
and formulating a plan are the most clear ways of establishing a consistent
program of exercise; they are also a powerful form of direction and motivation. Take some time to think about what will help you begin your exercise
program. Write these down in your daily planner or diary. Goals provide a
sense of purpose and incentive that can drive you to your intended destination.
However, for goals to be effective they need to be realistic. Motivation will be
strengthened only if it's possible to reach your objectives.
Consider this: Your mind and body will respond better to exercise if you
start with 20-minute sessions, three times a week, rather than an hour session
four times per week. Once the sessions become a routine, aim for 30 minutes,
then increase from there.
The most important thing in any exercise program is to do your best to
keep progressing, backsliding as little as possible and getting back on the horse
just as fast as possible if you fall off. Try to anticipate lapses: If a crazy workday
looms, get up early and squeeze in a short ride on a stationary bicycle so that
you've achieved something even if it isn't your regular workout routine. When
on a business trip, stay in a hotel that has an onsite workout facility.
Exercise is one of life's joys. It energizes – giving you a sense of well-being
and accomplishment and keeps you healthy and fit. There is great pleasure in
being able to set goals, accept challenges, and push yourself to a better
lifestyle of health and fitness. No matter what your reason for exercising –
to lose weight, to get fit, or to feel better –- motivating yourself to exercise
on a regular basis requires changing your behavior.
■ Make Exercise A Habit
The key to a successful fitness program is getting your body to do what
your mind knows it should. Here are six mental strategies to help keep you
focused on your fitness goals.
1. Clarify why you want to exercise. If you want to gain strength – is it to
swim more laps, or to tone-up your body. By understanding and detailing
your goals, you will be better able to stay motivated.
2. Vary your workout. To make your routine more enjoyable, vary it once in a
while. Supplement your indoor cycling with outdoor cycling and strength
training. These activities make exercise more interesting and increase your
fitness level by making you utilize different muscle groups.
3. Focus on the positive. Avoid looking at your exercise program as a way
to fix something that's wrong with your body. Instead focus on your
successes. Congratulate yourself after each workout. Thrive on the energy
that exercising gives you.
TABLE 1 EXERCISE FITNESS GUIDELINES
Page 10
19
4. Develop a constructive attitude. Do not focus on what you are giving up to
exercise on a regular basis, but on what new options you'll have after you
become fit.
5. Engage your body and mind. Connect on a deeper level, you'll be more
likely to stay with your routine. If your exercise time on a stationary bike
is your 30-minutes away from work or a time for reflection, you're much
more likely to stick with it. Individuals claim to experience an increased
sense of creativity and an enhanced thought process due to a regular
exercise program.
6. Consider many of the physiological benefits. If a strong and fit body isn't
enough to keep you motivated, consider some of the hidden benefits of
exercise: lower blood pressure, stronger heart, more efficient pulmonary
system, lower risk of osteoporosis and stress reduction.
■ It's Never Too Late . . . for Fitness
Most of us have very busy schedules and to keep our fitness level intact we
have to be extremely efficient. These three words, efficiency of effort, form
the core of creating your own home fitness center. Efficiency of effort means
producing maximum gains with minimal time spent; this is the goal of most
of us when designing our home fitness program.
The bottom line is you must be creative and innovative to get the best
results. With this book and your own creativity a great workout is only a few
moments away; a different grip on the multi-gym, a varied stepping rhythm
on the stepper, a new intensity on the stationary wind-load simulator or a
more rapid stroke rate on the rower. By varying your workouts you'll create
maximum gains in the shortest time frames.
As you will see, your home fitness equipment will allow you to reach your
fitness goals and prepare properly for a healthier lifestyle. Anyone who is
serious about fitness – or for that matter just improving their overall fitness –
should have a few basic pieces of home fitness equipment. It makes no
difference if you are a competitive cyclist or triathlete, an executive or someone trying to tone their muscles, the home fitness center is the most efficient
way to help you reach your physical potential.
Edmund R. Burke, Ph.D., is author of the Complete Home Fitness Handbook,
published by Human Kinetics Publishers. It can be found at major book stores
or you can order it by calling 1-800-747-4457. He also serves as Director of the
Exercise Science Program at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.
■ Suggested Readings:
Burke, Edmund. Complete Home Fitness Handbook, Champaign, IL., Human
Kinetics Publishers, 1996. Book illustrates how to set up a home gym, purchase
equipment and gives workout programs for various pieces of home fitness
equipment.
Anderson, Bob; Pearl Bill; and Burke Ed. Getting in Shape: Workout Programs
for Men & Women. Bolinas, CA., Shelter Publications, 1994. Offers information
on how to set-up a balanced fitness program of cardiovascular, strength and
flexibility training.
Burke, Edmund. Precision Heart Rate Training. Champaign, IL., Human Kinetics
Publishers, 1998. Fine-tune your workout intensity. This book fully explains
why and how to train with a heart rate monitor.
18
GUIDELINES
SCHWINN CYCLING & FITNESS INC.
LIMITED WARRANTY
SCHWINN CYCLING & FITNESS
INC. LIMITED WARRANTY FOR
EXERCISER PRODUCTS
All Schwinn exerciser products are
warranted to the retail purchaser to
be free from defects in materials and
workmanship.
Time period
Warranty coverage extends for the
life of the product while owned by
the original retail purchaser except:
1. Electronic components are covered
for two years from date of original
purchase.
2. Exerciser products sold for and
used in a commercial or institutional
setting are covered for two years
from date of original purchase.
This warranty does not cover:
1.
Any component on original equipment which carries a separate consumer warranty of the parts supplier.
2. Normal wear and tear.
3. Any damage, failure or loss caused
by accident, misuse, neglect, abuse,
improper assembly, improper
maintenance, or failure to follow
instructions or warnings in owners
manual.
4. Use of products in a manner for
which they were not designed.
5. Use of any product in other than
a home or residential setting
unless otherwise noted in the
owners manual.
Limitations:
The foregoing warranties are in lieu
of and exclude all other warranties
not expressly set forth herein,
whether express or implied by
operation of law or otherwise,
including but not limited to any
implied warranties of merchantability
or fitness. Schwinn shall in no event
be liable for incidental or consequential losses, damages or expenses in
connection with exercise products.
Schwinn’s liability hereunder is
expressly limited to the replacement
of goods not complying with this
warranty or, at Schwinn’s election,
to the repayment of an amount equal
to the purchase price of the exerciser
product in question.
Some states do not permit the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties
or incidental or consequential damages,
so the preceding limitations and
exclusions may not apply to you.
Procedures:
Warranty service will be performed by
Schwinn or the authorized Schwinn
fitness dealer from whom you bought
the product. Schwinn will have the
option of either repair or replacement
at no charge for any defective product. Delivery of product to and from
the authorized Schwinn fitness dealer
is the responsibility of the purchaser.
The following procedures will apply:
1. Schwinn will replace any exerciser
frame that is structurally defective
with a new frame or replace the
unit with a unit of equal or greater
value. Schwinn is not responsible
for labor charges in replacing
defective frames.
2. Schwinn will have the option to
either repair or replace any other
defective part or product. Dealer
labor charges for installing replacement or repaired parts are not
covered by this warranty.
3. If you elect to repair a defective
product or part yourself or use the
services of someone other than
an authorized Schwinn fitness
dealer, or if you use a replacement
part not supplied by Schwinn,
Schwinn will not be liable for any
defects or damage caused by the
use of such unauthorized service
or parts.
4. See your authorized Schwinn fitness
dealer for service or write the
Technical Services Department,
Schwinn Cycling & Fitness Inc.,
1690 38th Street, Boulder, Colorado
80301-2602.
5. This warranty gives you specific
legal rights and you may also have
other rights which may vary from
state to state. Effective July 1, 1994.
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