DIGITAL PIANO Date: Feb. 1, 2000
Model HP-237 MIDI Implementation Version: 1.01
1. Receive Data
■Channel Voice Messages
●Note off
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
8nH kkH vvH
9nH kkH 00H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number: 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note off velocity : 00H-7FH (0-127)
* The velocity values of Note Off messages are ignored.
●Note on
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
9nH kkH vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number: 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note on velocity: 01H-7FH (1-127)
* Note numbers outside the range of 15-113 are transposed to the nearest octave within
this range.
* Transpose function does not affect the recognized note numbers.
●Control Change
* The value specified by a Control Change message will not be reset even by a Program
Change, etc.
❍Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 06H mmH
BnH 26H llH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN
❍Volume (Controller number 7)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 07H vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Volume: 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 7FH (127)
* Received volume messages affect received note event levels, and cannot affect
internal keyboard notes.
❍Expression (Controller number 11)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 0BH vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Expression : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 7FH (127)
* These message can affect only MIDI notes.
❍Hold 1 (Controller number 64)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 40H vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON
* These message can affect only MIDI notes.
❍Sostenuto (Controller number 66)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 42H vvH
* These message can affect only MIDI notes.
n=MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv=Control value: 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF 64-127 = ON
* These message can affect only MIDI notes.
❍Soft (Controller number 67)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 43H vvH
n=MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv=Control value: 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF 64-127 = ON
* These message can affect only MIDI notes.
❍Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5BH vvH
n=MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv=Control value: 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF 64-127 = ON
❍Effect 3 (Chorus Send Level) (Controller number 93)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5DH vvH
n=MIDI channel number: 0H - FH (ch.1 - ch.16)
vv=Control value: 00H - 7FH (0 - 127) 0-63=OFF 64-127=ON
❍RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 65H mmH
BnH 64H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of parameter number specified by RPN
ll = lower byte of parameter number specified by RPN
* The value specified by RPN will not be reset even by messages such as Program Change
or Reset All Controller.
**RPN**
The RPN (Registered Parameter Number) messages are expanded control changes, and each
function of an RPN is described by the MIDI Standard.
To use these messages, you must first use RPN MSB and RPN LSB messages to specify the
parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the
specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages
received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is
recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished
setting the value of the desired parameter.
On the HP-237, RPN can be used to modify the following parameters.
RPN Data entry
MSB LSB MSB LSB Explanation
00H 01H mmH llH Master Fine Tuning
mm, ll: 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH
(-100 - 0 - +99.99 cents),
Initial Value = 40 00H (±0 cent)
7FH 7FH --- --- RPN null
Set condition where RPN and NRPN are
unspecified. The data entry messages after set
RPN null will be ignored. (No Data entry
messages are required after RPN null).
Settings already made will not change.
mm, ll: ignored
Copyright © 2000 ROLAND CORPORATION
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of ROLAND CORPORATION.
1
●Program Change
Status 2nd byte
CnH ppH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
pp = Program number: 00H..2CH (prog.1..prog.45)
Received program change message are assigned as follows.
prog. tone
1 Piano 1
2 Piano 2
3 -- 4 Harpsichord
5 Vibraphone
6 Electric Piano 1
7 Electric Piano 2
8 Pipe Organ
9 Strings
10 Piano1 + Piano2
11 Piano1 + Harpsichord
12 Piano1 + Vibraphone
13 Piano1 + Electric Piano1
14 Piano1 + Electric Piano2
15 Piano1 + Pipe Organ
16 Piano1 + Strings
17 Piano2 + Harpsichord
18 Piano2 + Vibraphone
19 Piano2 + Electric Piano1
20 Piano2 + Electric Piano2
21 Piano2 + Pipe Organ
22 Piano2 + Strings
23 Harpsichord + Vibraphone
24 Harpsichord + Electric Piano1
25 Harpsichord + Electric Piano2
26 Harpsichord + Pipe Organ
27 Harpsichord + Strings
28 Vibraphone + Electric Piano1
29 Vibraphone + Electric Piano2
30 Vibraphone + Pipe Organ
31 Vibraphone + Strings
32 Electric Piano1 + Electric Piano2
33 Electric Piano1 + Pipe Organ
34 Electric Piano1 + Strings
35 Electric Piano2 + Pipe Organ
36 Electric Piano2 + Strings
37 Pipe Organ + Strings
38 Piano1 + Acoustic Bass
39 Piano2 + Acoustic Bass
40 Harpsichord + Strings
41 Vibraphone + Acoustic Bass
42 Electric Piano1 + Acoustic Bass
43 Electric Piano2 + Acoustic Bass
44 Harpsichord + Pipe Organ
45 Piano1 + Strings
* 10-37 are in Dual Play mode.
* 38-45 are in Split Play mode.
* Any Program Number other than those listed above that are received by the HP-237 are
ignored.
* After a Program Change message is received, the sound will change beginning with the
next Note-on. Voices already sounding when the Program Change message was received
will not be affected.
■Channel Mode Messages
●Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 79H 00H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
* When this message is received, the following controllers will be set to their reset
values.
Controller Reset value
Expression 127 (max)
Hold 1 0 (off)
Sostenuto 0(off)
Soft 0(off)
●Local Control
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7BH 00H
BnH 7AH vvH
n=MIDI channel number: 0H - FH (ch.1 - ch.16)
vv=Value: 00H, 7FH (0, 127) 0=OFF 127=ON
●All Notes Off (Controller number 123)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7BH 00H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
* When All Notes Off is received, all notes on the corresponding channel will be turned
off. However if Hold 1 or Sostenuto is ON, the sound will be continued until these are
turned off.
●OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7CH 00H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
* The instrument will behave in the same way as it does when an "All Notes Off" message
is received. The mode will be OMNI OFF, POLY(Mode 3).
●OMNI ON (Controller number 125)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7DH 00H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
* The instrument will behave in the same way as it does when an "All Notes Off" message
is received. The mode will be OMNI ON, POLY(Mode 1).
●MONO (Controller number 126)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7EH mmH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = mono number: 00H-10H (0-16)
* The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.
●POLY (Controller number 127)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7FH 00H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
* The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.
2
■System Realtime Message
2. Transmit Data
●Active Sensing
Status
FEH
* When Active Sensing is received, the unit will begin monitoring the intervals of all
further messages. While monitoring, if the interval between messages exceeds 360 msec,
the same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off and Reset All Controllers
are received, and message interval monitoring will be halted.
■System Exclusive Message
Status Data byte Status
F0H iiH, ddH, ......,eeH F7H
F0H: System Exclusive Message status
ii = ID number: an ID number (manufacturer ID) to indicate the manufacturer whose
Exclusive message this is. Roland's manufacturer ID is 41H. ID numbers
7EH and 7FH are extensions of the MIDI standard; Universal Non-realtime
Messages (7EH) and Universal Realtime Messages (7FH).
dd,...,ee = data: 00H-7FH (0-127)
F7H: EOX (End Of Exclusive)
The System Exclusive Messages received by the HP-237 are; Universal Non-realtime System
Exclusive messages, and Data Set (DT1).
●Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive Messages
❍Identity Request Message
Status Data byte Status
F0H 7FH, dev, 06H, 01H F7H
Byte Explanation
FOH Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal non-realtime message)
dev Device ID (dev: UNIT#-1)
06H Sub ID#1 (General Information)
01H Sub ID#2 (Identity Request)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
* When Identity Request is received, Identity Reply message will be transmitted.
* Even if the Device ID is 7FH(Broadcast), Identity Reply message will be transmitted.
* The "dev" is own device number (UNIT#-1) or 7FH (Broadcast).
* UNIT# is always the same as the current MIDI Tx/Rx channel.
●Data transmission
HP-237 can transmit and receive the various parameters using System Exclusive messages.
The exclusive message of HP-237 data has a model ID of 1AH, and device ID is defined by
MIDI UNIT NUMBER.
UNIT NUMBER is always the same as the current MIDI Tx/Rx channel.
❍Data set 1 DT1
This is the message that actually performs data transmission, and is used when you wish
to transmit the data.
Status Data byte Status
F0H 41H, dev, 1AH, 12H, aaH, bbH, ddH, sum F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: UNIT#-1)
1AH Model ID (HP-237)
12H Command ID (DT1)
aaH Address MSB: upper byte of the starting address of the transmitted data
bbH Address LSB: lower byte of the starting address of the transmitted data
ddH Data: the actual data to be transmitted.
sum Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
* If "Data Set 1" is transmitted successively, there must be an interval of at least 40 msec
between packets.
* Regarding the address please refer to section 3 (Parameter Address Map).
* Regarding the checksum please refer to section 4 (Supplementary material).
■Channel Voice Messages
●Note off
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
8nH kkH 40H
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number: 0FH-71H (15-113)
●Note on
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
9nH kkH vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number: 0FH-71H (15-113)
vv = note on velocity : 01H-7FH (1-127)
* Note number's range can be changed with Key Transpose and Octave Shift.
●Control Change
* The value specified by a Control Change message will not be reset even by a Program
Change, etc.
❍Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 06H mmH
BnH 26H llH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN
* Data Entry is sent through the basic channel.
❍Hold 1 (Controller number 64)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 40H vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H,7FH (0, 127) 0 = OFF, 127 = ON
❍Sostenuto (Controller number 66)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 42H vvH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H,7FH (0, 127) 0 = OFF, 127 = ON
❍Soft (Controller number 67)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 43H vvH
n=MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1 - ch.16)
vv=Control value: 00H,7FH (0, 127) 0 = OFF, 127 = ON
❍Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5BH vvH
n=MIDI channel number : 0H - FH (ch.1 - ch.16)
vv=Control value: 00H,7FH (0, 127) 0 = OFF, 127 = ON
❍RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 65H mmH
BnH 64H llH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of parameter number specified by RPN
ll = lower byte of parameter number specified by RPN
* RPN is sent through the basic channel.
3
**RPN**
HP-237 can transmit Master fine tuning (RPN #1) and RPN null. After sending the master
fine tune, immediately the RPN Null shall be sent.
RPN Data entry
MSB LSB MSB LSB Explanation
00H 01H mmH llH Master Fine Tuning
mm, ll: 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH
(-100 - 0 - +99.9 cents)
7FH 7FH --- --- RPN null
●Program Change
Status 2nd byte
CnH ppH
n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
pp = Program number: 00H..2CH (prog.1..prog.45)
* For the correspondence between Program Change numbers and Tones, please refer to
"Program Change" in "1.Receive Data."
■System Realtime Message
●Active sensing
Status
FEH
* This will be transmitted constantly at intervals of approximately 210 msec.
■System exclusive messages
"Identity Reply" and "Data Set 1 (DT1)" are the only System Exclusive messages
transmitted by HP-237.
The exclusive message of HP-237 data has a model ID of 1AH, and device ID is defined by
MIDI UNIT NUMBER.
UNIT NUMBER is always the same as the current MIDI Tx/Rx channel.
●Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive Messages
❍Identity Reply
Status Data byte Status
F0H 7EH, dev, 06H, 02H, 41H, 1AH, 00H, 03H, 02H, 00H, 01H, 00H, 00H, F7H
Byte Explanation
FOH Exclusive status
7EH ID number (universal non-realtime message)
dev Device ID (dev: UNIT#-1)
06H Sub ID#1 (General Information)
02H Sub ID#2 (Identity Reply)
41H ID number (Roland)
1AH Device family code (LSB)
00H Device family code (MSB)
03H Device family number code (LSB)
02H Device family number code (MSB)
00H 01H 00H 00H Software revision level
F7H EOX (End of Exclusive)
* When Identity Request is received, Identity Reply message will be transmitted.
●Data transmission
❍Data set 1 DT1
Status Data byte Status
F0H 41H, dev, 1AH, 12H, aaH, bbH, ddH, sum F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: UNIT#-1)
1AH Model ID (HP-237)
12H Command ID (DT1)
aaH Address MSB: upper byte of the starting address of the data to be sent
bbH Address LSB: lower byte of the starting address of the data to be sent.
ddH Data: the actual data to be sent.
sum Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
* Regarding the address please refer to section 3 (Parameter Address Map).
* Regarding the checksum please refer to section 4 (Supplementary material).
3. Parameter Address Map (Model ID =
1AH)
All the numbers of address, size, Data, and Default Value are indicated in 7-bit
Hexadecimal-form.
+————————————+—————————+————————————————————————————————————————+
| address(H) | data(H) | Description |
|————————————+—————————+————————————————————————————————————————|
| 00 05 |0ttt kkkk| Temperament Select(*1) |
| | | ttt (0H - 7H), kkkk (0H - BH) |
|————————————+—————————+————————————————————————————————————————|
| 01 01 | 00-7F | Chorus Type |
| | | 00H - 0FH : Type 1 |
| | | 10H - 1FH : Type 2 |
| | | 20H - 2FH : Type 3 |
| | | 30H - 3FH : Type 4 |
| | | 40H - 4FH : Type 5 |
| | | 50H - 5FH : Type 6 |
| | | 60H - 6FH : Type 7 |
| | | 70H - 7FH : Type 8 |
|————————————+—————————+————————————————————————————————————————|
| 01 03 | 00-7F | Reverb Type |
| | | 00H - 0FH : Type 1 |
| | | 10H - 1FH : Type 2 |
| | | 20H - 2FH : Type 3 |
| | | 30H - 3FH : Type 4 |
| | | 40H - 4FH : Type 5 |
| | | 50H - 5FH : Type 6 |
| | | 60H - 6FH : Type 7 |
| | | 70H - 7FH : Type 8 |
|————————————+—————————+————————————————————————————————————————|
| 01 06 | 00-7F | Resonance Type |
| | | 00H - 0FH : OFF |
| | | 10H - 1FH : Type 1 |
| | | 20H - 2FH : Type 2 |
| | | 30H - 3FH : Type 3 |
| | | 40H - 4FH : Type 4 |
| | | 50H - 5FH : Type 5 |
| | | 60H - 6FH : Type 6 |
| | | 70H - 7FH : Type 7 |
|————————————+—————————+————————————————————————————————————————|
| 01 0A | 00,01 | Stretch Tune |
| | | 00H : OFF |
| | | 01H : ON |
+———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+
(*1) Temperament Select
ttt 0H - 6H : temperament select
kkkk 0H - BH : key signature
Temperament change value are assigned as follows:
* When EQUAL temperament tuning is selected, the key signature change is ignored.
+————————————————————————————————————+
| key signature (kkkk) |
+——————————————————+————————————————————————————————————|
|temperament select|C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B |
| (ttt) |(0)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(A)(B)|
+==================+====================================+
| EQUAL(0) |00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B |
|——————————————————+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+———|
| JUST (major)(1) |10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B |
|——————————————————+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+———|
| JUST (minor)(2) |20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B |
|——————————————————+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+———|
| MEAN TONE(3) |30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B |
|——————————————————+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+———|
| WERCKMEISTER(4) |40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B |
|——————————————————+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+———|
| KIRNBERGER(5) |50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B |
|——————————————————+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+——+———|
| PYTHAGOREAN(6) |60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B |
+——————————————————+————————————————————————————————————+
( numbers are hexa_decimal )
4
4. Supplementary material
●Decimal and Hexadecimal table
In MIDI documentation, data values and addresses/sizes of exclusive messages etc. are
expressed as hexadecimal values for each 7 bits.
The following table shows how these correspond to decimal numbers.
+——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————+
| Dec.| Hex.|| Dec.| Hex.|| Dec.| Hex.|| Dec.| Hex.|
+——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————+
| 0 | 00H || 32 | 20H || 64 | 40H || 96 | 60H |
| 1 | 01H || 33 | 21H || 65 | 41H || 97 | 61H |
| 2 | 02H || 34 | 22H || 66 | 42H || 98 | 62H |
| 3 | 03H || 35 | 23H || 67 | 43H || 99 | 63H |
| 4 | 04H || 36 | 24H || 68 | 44H || 100 | 64H |
| 5 | 05H || 37 | 25H || 69 | 45H || 101 | 65H |
| 6 | 06H || 38 | 26H || 70 | 46H || 102 | 66H |
| 7 | 07H || 39 | 27H || 71 | 47H || 103 | 67H |
| 8 | 08H || 40 | 28H || 72 | 48H || 104 | 68H |
| 9 | 09H || 41 | 29H || 73 | 49H || 105 | 69H |
| 10 | 0AH || 42 | 2AH || 74 | 4AH || 106 | 6AH |
| 11 | 0BH || 43 | 2BH || 75 | 4BH || 107 | 6BH |
| 12 | 0CH || 44 | 2CH || 76 | 4CH || 108 | 6CH |
| 13 | 0DH || 45 | 2DH || 77 | 4DH || 109 | 6DH |
| 14 | 0EH || 46 | 2EH || 78 | 4EH || 110 | 6EH |
| 15 | 0FH || 47 | 2FH || 79 | 4FH || 111 | 6FH |
| 16 | 10H || 48 | 30H || 80 | 50H || 112 | 70H |
| 17 | 11H || 49 | 31H || 81 | 51H || 113 | 71H |
| 18 | 12H || 50 | 32H || 82 | 52H || 114 | 72H |
| 19 | 13H || 51 | 33H || 83 | 53H || 115 | 73H |
| 20 | 14H || 52 | 34H || 84 | 54H || 116 | 74H |
| 21 | 15H || 53 | 35H || 85 | 55H || 117 | 75H |
| 22 | 16H || 54 | 36H || 86 | 56H || 118 | 76H |
| 23 | 17H || 55 | 37H || 87 | 57H || 119 | 77H |
| 24 | 18H || 56 | 38H || 88 | 58H || 120 | 78H |
| 25 | 19H || 57 | 39H || 89 | 59H || 121 | 79H |
| 26 | 1AH || 58 | 3AH || 90 | 5AH || 122 | 7AH |
| 27 | 1BH || 59 | 3BH || 91 | 5BH || 123 | 7BH |
| 28 | 1CH || 60 | 3CH || 92 | 5CH || 124 | 7CH |
| 29 | 1DH || 61 | 3DH || 93 | 5DH || 125 | 7DH |
| 30 | 1EH || 62 | 3EH || 94 | 5EH || 126 | 7EH |
| 31 | 1FH || 63 | 3FH || 95 | 5FH || 127 | 7FH |
+——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————+
* Decimal values such as MIDI channel and program change are listed as one (1) greater
than the values given in the above table.
* A 7-bit byte can express data in the range of 128 steps. For data where greater
precision is required, we must use two or more bytes. For example, two hexadecimal
numbers aa bbH expressing two 7-bit bytes would indicate a value of aa x 128 + bb.
<Example 1> What is the decimal expression of 5AH ?
From the preceding table, 5AH = 90
<Example 2> What is the decimal expression of the value 12 34H given as hexadecimal for
each 7 bits?
From the preceding table, since 12H = 18 and 34H = 52
18 x 128 + 52 = 2356
●Examples of actual MIDI messages
<Example 1> 92 3E 5F
9n is the Note-on status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since 2H = 2, 3EH = 62, and
5FH = 95, this is a Note-on message with MIDI CH = 3, note number 62 (note name is D4),
and velocity 95.
<Example 2> CE 08
CnH is the Program Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since EH = 14 and
08H = 08, this is a Program Change message with MIDI CH = 15, program number 08
(Strings in HP-237).
<Example 3> B3 64 00 65 01 06 40 26 00 64 7F 65 7F
BnH is the Control Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. For Control Changes,
the 2nd byte is the control number, and the 3rd byte is the value. In a case in which two or
more messages consecutive messages have the same status, MIDI has a provision called
"running status" which allows the status byte of the second and following messages to be
omitted. Thus, the above messages have the following meaning.
B3 64 00 MIDI ch.4, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3) 65 01 (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 01H
(B3) 06 40 (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of parameter value: 40H
(B3) 26 00 (MIDI ch.4) lower byte of parameter value: 00H
(B3) 64 7F (MIDI ch.4) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B3) 65 7F (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
●Example of an Exclusive message and calculating a
Checksum
Roland Exclusive messages (DT1) are transmitted with a checksum at the end (before F7)
to make sure that the message was correctly received. The value of the checksum is
determined by the address and data of the transmitted exclusive message.
❍How to calculate the checksum (hexadecimal numbers are indicated by
'H')
The checksum is a value derived by adding the address, size and checksum itself and
inverting the lower 7 bits. Here's an example of how the checksum is calculated. We will
assume that in the exclusive message we are transmitting, the address is aa bb and the data
or size is ccH.
aa + bb + cc = sum
sum / 128 = quotient ... remainder
128 - remainder = checksum
<Example> Set "Reverb Type" to "Type 4"
According to the Parameter Address Map, the Address of Reverb Type is 01 03H, and the
Value corresponding to Type 4 is 30H.
So, the message should be :
F0 41 00 1A 12 01 03 30 ?? F7
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) address data checksum (6)
(1) Exclusive Status, (2) ID (Roland), (3) Device ID (UNIT#-1), (4) Model ID (HP-237),
(5) Command ID (DT1), (6) End of Exclusive
* UNIT NUMBER is always the same as the current MIDI Tx/Rx channel.
In this example, the MIDI Tx/Rx channel is 1.
Next we calculate the checksum.
01H + 03H + 30H = 1 + 3 + 48 = 52 (sum)
52 (sum) ÷ 128 = 0 (quotient) ... 52 (remainder)
checksum = 128 - 52 (remainder) = 76 = 4CH
Therefore, the message to send is : F0 41 00 1A 12 01 03 30 4C F7
●About tuning
HP-237 is tuned by sending RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning) to the appropriate MIDI Rx
channel.
RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be precise,
100/8192 cent). One cent is 1/100th of a semi-tone.
Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference.
Values are in hexadecimal (decimal in parentheses).
+————————+————————+——————————————+
|Hz at A4| cent | RPN #1 |
+————————+————————+——————————————+
| 445.0 | +19.56 | 4C 43 (+1603)|
| 444.0 | +15.67 | 4A 03 (+1283)|
| 443.0 | +11.76 | 47 44 (+ 964)|
| 442.0 | + 7.85 | 45 03 (+ 643)|
| 441.0 | + 3.93 | 42 42 (+ 322)|
| 440.0 | 0 | 40 00 ( 0 )|
| 439.0 | - 3.94 | 3D 3D (- 323)|
| 438.0 | - 7.89 | 3A 7A (- 646)|
+————————+————————+——————————————+
<Example> Set the tuning of HP-237 to A4 = 442.0 Hz
Send RPN#1 to basic channel. From the above table, the value is 45 03H.
If the MIDI Tx/Rx channel is set to ch.1, below is the message we transmit.
B0 64 00 MIDI ch.1, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B0) 65 01 (MIDI ch.1) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 01H
(B0) 06 45 (MIDI ch.1) upper byte of parameter value: 45H
(B0) 26 03 (MIDI ch.1) lower byte of parameter value: 03H
(B0) 64 7F (MIDI ch.1) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B0) 65 7F (MIDI ch.1) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
In other words, the above messages specify a value of 40 00H for RPN parameter number
00 01H (Master Fine Tuning) on MIDI channel 4, and then set the RPN parameter number to
7F 7FH (RPN null).
Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN, all Data Entry messages
transmitted on that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has been
transmitted, it is a good idea to set the parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents.
This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end.
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