R&S®VSE-K10
GSM Measurement Application
User Manual
(;Úç]2)
1176894502
Version 09
This manual applies to the following software, version 2.20 and later:
●
R&S®VSE Enterprise Edition base software (1345.1105.06)
●
R&S®VSE Basic Edition base software (1345.1011.06)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S VSE-K10 (1320.7574.02)
●
R&S VSE-KT10 (1345.1705.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.
1176.8945.02 | Version 09 | R&S®VSE-K10
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®VSE is abbreviated as R&S VSE.
R&S®VSE-K10
1.1 About this manual.........................................................................................................9
1.2 Typographical conventions..........................................................................................9
2.1 Starting the GSM application..................................................................................... 11
2.2 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 12
Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 9
2 Welcome to the GSM application........................................................11
3 About the measurement......................................................................15
4 GSM I/Q measurement results............................................................16
5 Basics on GSM measurements...........................................................33
5.1 Relevant digital standards......................................................................................... 33
5.2 Short introduction to GSM (GMSK, EDGE and EDGE evolution)........................... 33
5.3 Short introduction to VAMOS.....................................................................................37
5.4 AQPSK modulation..................................................................................................... 38
5.5 Trigger settings........................................................................................................... 39
5.6 Defining the scope of the measurement...................................................................40
5.7 Overview of filters in the R&S VSE GSM application.............................................. 42
5.7.1 Power vs time filter........................................................................................................43
5.7.2 Multicarrier filter.............................................................................................................44
5.7.3 Measurement filter........................................................................................................ 45
5.8 Dependency of slot parameters.................................................................................46
5.9 Definition of the symbol period................................................................................. 46
5.9.1 GMSK modulation (normal symbol rate)....................................................................... 46
5.9.2 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, AQPSK modulation (normal symbol rate)..............................47
5.9.3 QPSK, 16QAM and 32QAM modulation (higher symbol rate)...................................... 49
5.10 Synchronization.......................................................................................................... 50
5.11 Timeslot alignment......................................................................................................52
5.12 Delta to sync values....................................................................................................54
5.13 Limit checks................................................................................................................ 55
5.13.1 Limit check for modulation spectrum.............................................................................55
5.13.2 Limit check for transient spectrum................................................................................ 56
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5.13.3 Limit check for power vs time results............................................................................ 56
5.14 Impact of the "Statistic count"...................................................................................57
6.1 Configuration overview.............................................................................................. 58
6.2 Signal description....................................................................................................... 60
6.2.1 Device under test settings.............................................................................................60
6.2.2 Frame............................................................................................................................62
6.2.3 Slot settings...................................................................................................................63
6.2.4 Carrier settings..............................................................................................................67
6.3 Input, output and frontend settings...........................................................................69
6.3.1 Input source settings..................................................................................................... 69
6.3.1.1 Radio frequency input................................................................................................... 69
Contents
6 Modulation accuracy measurement configuration........................... 58
6.3.1.2 I/Q file input................................................................................................................... 75
6.3.2 Frequency settings........................................................................................................77
6.3.3 Amplitude settings.........................................................................................................80
6.4 Trigger settings........................................................................................................... 83
6.5 Data acquisition.......................................................................................................... 86
6.5.1 Data acquisition.............................................................................................................86
6.5.2 Capture......................................................................................................................... 88
6.6 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 88
6.6.1 Slot scope..................................................................................................................... 88
6.6.2 Demodulation settings...................................................................................................90
6.7 Measurement settings................................................................................................ 93
6.7.1 Power vs time................................................................................................................93
6.7.2 Spectrum.......................................................................................................................95
6.7.3 Trigger to sync...............................................................................................................97
6.8 Adjusting settings automatically...............................................................................97
6.9 Result configuration................................................................................................... 98
6.9.1 Traces........................................................................................................................... 99
6.9.2 Trace / data export configuration.................................................................................101
6.9.3 Markers....................................................................................................................... 102
6.9.3.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 102
6.9.3.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................105
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6.9.3.3 Marker positioning functions....................................................................................... 105
6.9.4 Y-Axis scaling..............................................................................................................106
7.1 How to perform a basic measurement on GSM signals........................................ 109
7.2 How to determine modulation accuracy parameters for GSM signals................ 110
7.3 How to analyze the power in GSM signals..............................................................111
7.4 How to analyze the spectrum of GSM signals........................................................113
8.1 Improving performance............................................................................................ 116
8.2 Improving EVM accuracy..........................................................................................116
8.3 Optimizing limit checks............................................................................................ 117
8.4 Error messages......................................................................................................... 118
Contents
7 How to perform measurements in the GSM application................ 109
8 Optimizing and troubleshooting the measurement........................ 116
9 Remote commands to perform GSM measurements......................119
9.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 119
9.1.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 120
9.1.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 121
9.1.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................121
9.1.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................121
9.1.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 122
9.1.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................122
9.1.6.1 Numeric values........................................................................................................... 122
9.1.6.2 Boolean....................................................................................................................... 123
9.1.6.3 Character data............................................................................................................ 124
9.1.6.4 Character strings.........................................................................................................124
9.1.6.5 Block data................................................................................................................... 124
9.2 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 124
9.3 Activating GSM measurements............................................................................... 125
9.4 Restoring the default configuration (preset).......................................................... 125
9.5 Configuring and performing GSM I/Q measurements........................................... 125
9.5.1 Signal description........................................................................................................126
9.5.1.1 Device under test settings...........................................................................................126
9.5.1.2 Frame..........................................................................................................................130
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9.5.1.3 Slot.............................................................................................................................. 130
9.5.1.4 Carrier......................................................................................................................... 137
9.5.2 Configuring data input................................................................................................. 139
9.5.2.1 RF input.......................................................................................................................140
9.5.2.2 Using external mixers..................................................................................................151
9.5.2.3 Remote commands for external frontend control........................................................ 159
9.5.2.4 Working with power sensors....................................................................................... 168
Contents
Basic settings.............................................................................................................. 151
Mixer settings.............................................................................................................. 152
Programming example: working with an external mixer..............................................158
Commands for initial configuration..............................................................................159
Commands for alignment............................................................................................ 166
Configuring power sensors......................................................................................... 169
Configuring power sensor measurements.................................................................. 170
9.5.3 Frontend configuration................................................................................................ 176
9.5.3.1 Frequency................................................................................................................... 177
9.5.3.2 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................178
9.5.3.3 Configuring the attenuation......................................................................................... 181
9.5.4 Triggering measurements........................................................................................... 183
9.5.4.1 Configuring the triggering conditions...........................................................................183
9.5.4.2 Configuring the trigger output......................................................................................189
9.5.5 Data acquisition...........................................................................................................191
9.5.6 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 194
9.5.6.1 Slot scope................................................................................................................... 194
9.5.6.2 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 195
9.5.7 Measurement.............................................................................................................. 198
9.5.7.1 Power vs time..............................................................................................................199
9.5.7.2 Spectrum.....................................................................................................................200
9.5.7.3 Trigger to sync.............................................................................................................204
9.5.8 Adjusting settings automatically.................................................................................. 204
9.6 Analyzing GSM measurements................................................................................205
9.6.1 Configuring the result display......................................................................................205
9.6.1.1 Global layout commands.............................................................................................205
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9.6.1.2 Working with windows in the display...........................................................................209
9.6.1.3 General window commands........................................................................................215
9.6.2 Result config............................................................................................................... 216
9.6.2.1 Traces......................................................................................................................... 216
9.6.2.2 Exporting trace results to an ASCII file....................................................................... 218
9.6.2.3 Marker......................................................................................................................... 220
9.6.2.4 Scaling........................................................................................................................ 224
9.6.3 Zooming into the display............................................................................................. 227
9.6.3.1 Using the single zoom.................................................................................................227
9.6.3.2 Using the multiple zoom..............................................................................................229
Contents
Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 220
General marker settings..............................................................................................222
Marker positioning settings......................................................................................... 223
9.7 Retrieving results......................................................................................................230
9.7.1 Graphical results......................................................................................................... 231
9.7.2 Measurement results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>.........................................237
9.7.2.1 EVM, phase error, magnitude error trace results........................................................ 237
9.7.2.2 Pvt full burst trace results............................................................................................238
9.7.2.3 Modulation spectrum and transient spectrum graph results....................................... 238
9.7.2.4 Magnitude capture results...........................................................................................238
9.7.2.5 Trigger to sync results.................................................................................................239
9.7.3 Magnitude capture results...........................................................................................239
9.7.4 Modulation accuracy results........................................................................................240
9.7.5 Modulation spectrum results....................................................................................... 252
9.7.6 Power vs slot results................................................................................................... 254
9.7.7 Transient spectrum results..........................................................................................262
9.7.8 Trigger to sync results.................................................................................................264
9.7.9 Limit check results.......................................................................................................265
9.7.10 Retrieving marker results............................................................................................ 268
9.8 Status reporting system........................................................................................... 270
9.8.1 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC register........................................................................270
9.8.2 STATus:QUEStionable:LIMit register.......................................................................... 271
9.8.3 Querying the status registers...................................................................................... 272
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9.8.3.1 General status register commands............................................................................. 272
9.8.3.2 Reading out the EVENt part........................................................................................272
9.8.3.3 Reading out the CONDition part................................................................................. 273
9.8.3.4 Controlling the ENABle part........................................................................................ 273
9.8.3.5 Controlling the negative transition part........................................................................274
9.8.3.6 Controlling the positive transition part......................................................................... 274
9.9 Deprecated commands.............................................................................................274
9.10 Programming examples........................................................................................... 282
9.10.1 Programming example: determining the EVM............................................................ 283
9.10.2 Programming example: measuring an AQPSK signal................................................ 287
9.10.3 Programming example: measuring the power for access bursts................................ 289
9.10.4 Programming example: measuring statistics.............................................................. 292
Contents
Annex.................................................................................................. 293
A Annex: reference................................................................................293
A.1 List of abbreviations................................................................................................. 293
A.2 Menu reference..........................................................................................................294
A.2.1 Common R&S VSE menus......................................................................................... 294
A.2.1.1 File menu.................................................................................................................... 294
A.2.1.2 Window menu............................................................................................................. 296
A.2.1.3 Help menu...................................................................................................................296
A.2.2 GSM measurements menus....................................................................................... 296
A.2.2.1 Edit menu.................................................................................................................... 297
A.2.2.2 Input & output menu....................................................................................................297
A.2.2.3 Meas setup menu........................................................................................................297
A.2.2.4 Trace menu................................................................................................................. 298
A.2.2.5 Marker menu............................................................................................................... 298
A.2.2.6 Limits menu.................................................................................................................298
A.2.3 Reference of toolbar functions.................................................................................... 299
List of commands.............................................................................. 303
Index....................................................................................................312
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1 Preface
1.1 About this manual
Preface
Typographical conventions
This R&S VSE GSM User Manual provides all the information specific to the applica-
tion. All general software functions and settings common to all applications and operating modes are described in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the R&S VSE GSM application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
●
Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
How to Perform Measurements in the R&S VSE GSM application
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the measurement configuration
●
Remote Commands for GSM Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform GSM measurements in a
remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks in the
software are provided in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
List of remote commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
1.2 Typographical conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
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Preface
Typographical conventions
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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2 Welcome to the GSM application
Welcome to the GSM application
Starting the GSM application
The R&S VSE-K10 is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform GSM
measurements to the R&S VSE.
The R&S VSE GSM application features:
●
Measurements on downlink or uplink signals according to the Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for GSM/EDGE, EDGE Evolution (EGPRS2)
and Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user Channels on One Slot (VAMOS)
●
Measurement in time, frequency or I/Q domains
●
Measurements of mobile devices (MS), single carrier and multicarrier base transceiver stations (BTS)
●
Measurement of signals with GMSK, AQPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM and 32QAM
modulation, normal or higher symbol rate
●
Measurement of signals using different Tx filters (e.g. narrow and wide pulse)
●
Measurements for Power vs Time, Modulation Accuracy and Modulation and Transient Spectrum as required in the standard
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the I/Q Analyzer
application and are described in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual. The latest
version is available for download at the product homepage (http://www.rohde-
schwarz.com/product/VSE.html).
2.1 Starting the GSM application
The GSM measurement requires a special application on the R&S VSE. It is activated
by creating a new measurement channel in GSM mode.
To activate the GSM application
1.
Select the "Add Channel" function in the Sequence tool window.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available in your R&S VSE.
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Welcome to the GSM application
Understanding the display information
2. Select the "GSM" item.
The R&S VSE opens a new measurement channel for the GSM application.
2.2 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
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Welcome to the GSM application
Understanding the display information
1
2
3
4
5
1 = Color coding for windows of same channel
2 = Channel bar with measurement settings
3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
4 = Diagram area
5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on result display
Channel bar information
In the GSM application, the R&S VSE shows the following settings for the default I/Q
measurement:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the GSM application for the default I/Q mea-
Ref Level Reference level
(m.+el.) Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Offset Reference level offset (if available)
Freq / ARFCN Center frequency for the GSM signal / Absolute Radio Frequency Channel
Device / Band Device type and frequency band used by the DUT as defined in the Signal
surement
Number (if available)
description settings
Slot Scope Minimized visualization of the frame configuration and slots to be mea-
sured (see Chapter 5.6, "Defining the scope of the measurement",
on page 40)
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Welcome to the GSM application
Understanding the display information
Count Number of frames already evaluated / Total number of frames required for
statistical evaluation (Statistic Count)
(For Statistic Count > 1)
TRG Trigger source (if not "Free Run") and used trigger bandwidth (for IF, RF,
IP power triggers) or trigger offset (for external triggers)
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values. This information is displayed only when applicable for the current application. For details see the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
0
1 3 5 6 7
2 4
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in the R&S VSE GSM application
0 = Color coding for windows of same channel
1 = Edit result display function
2 = Channel name
3 = Window number
4 = Window type
5 = Trace color, trace number, trace mode
6 = Dock/undock window function
7 = Close window function
Diagram area
The diagram area displays the results according to the selected result displays (see
Chapter 4, "GSM I/Q measurement results", on page 16).
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop values for the
displayed time, frequency or symbol range.
Status bar information
The software status, errors and warnings and any irregularities in the software are indicated in the status bar at the bottom of the R&S VSE window.
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3 About the measurement
About the measurement
A basic GSM measurement in the R&S VSE GSM application includes a power vs time
and a spectrum measurement, as well as modulation accuracy (e.g. EVM, phase error)
for a GSM signal as defined by the relevant 3GPP standards. The I/Q data from the
GSM signal applied to the RF input of the R&S VSE is captured for a specified measurement time. This data is demodulated and synchronized with a reference signal to
identify the individual frames and slots. The slots of interest are then analyzed in order
to display the spectral and power results either graphically or numerically, and to calculate the modulation parameters.
The standard distinguishes between single-slot and multi-slot measurements. Singleslot measurements analyze one slot - referred to as the "Slot to measure" - within the
GSM frame (which consists of 8 slots in total). Modulation-specific parameters such as
the phase error, EVM, or spectrum due to modulation are determined on a per-slot
basis. Multi-slot measurements, on the other hand, analyze a slot scope of up to 8 consecutive slots, each of which has different burst modulation characteristics. Power vs
time limit checks and the transient spectrum measurements, for example, are determined for multiple slots.
Statistical evaluation of several measurements is also possible. Finally, the GSM measurement results can be exported to other applications.
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4 GSM I/Q measurement results
GSM I/Q measurement results
Result display windows
For each measurement, a separate measurement channel is activated. Each measurement channel can provide multiple result displays, which are displayed in individual
windows. The measurement windows can be rearranged and configured in the
R&S VSE to meet your requirements. All windows that belong to the same measurement (including the channel bar) are indicated by a colored line at the top of the window title bar.
►
To add further result displays for the GSM channel, select the
icon from the toolbar, or select the "Window > New Window" menu item.
For details on working with channels and windows see the "Operating Basics"
chapter in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
By default, the GSM measurement results for I/Q measurements are displayed in the
following windows:
●
Magnitude Capture
●
PvT Full Burst
●
Modulation Accuracy
●
Power vs Slot
The following evaluation methods are available for GSM I/Q measurements:
Constellation................................................................................................................. 16
EVM.............................................................................................................................. 17
Magnitude Capture........................................................................................................17
Magnitude Error............................................................................................................ 18
Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 19
Modulation Accuracy.....................................................................................................19
Modulation Spectrum Graph......................................................................................... 21
Modulation Spectrum Table...........................................................................................22
Phase Error...................................................................................................................24
Power vs Slot................................................................................................................ 25
PvT Full Burst................................................................................................................26
Transient Spectrum Graph............................................................................................28
Transient Spectrum Table............................................................................................. 29
Trigger to Sync Graph...................................................................................................30
Trigger to Sync Table.................................................................................................... 32
"Add Window"
Constellation
The complex source signal is displayed as an X/Y diagram. The application analyzes
the specified slot over the specified number of bursts.
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GSM I/Q measurement results
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CONS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
EVM
Displays the error vector magnitude over time for the Slot to Measure.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,ETIMe see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
Magnitude Capture
Displays the power vs. time trace of the captured I/Q data.
Pre-trigger samples are not displayed.
The analyzed slot scopes (1 to 8 slots of a single GSM frame) are indicated by a green
bar, the Slot to Measure in each frame by a blue bar at the bottom of the diagram.
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GSM I/Q measurement results
For details see Chapter 5.6, "Defining the scope of the measurement", on page 40.
For negative trigger offsets, the trigger is displayed as a vertical red line labeled "TRG".
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,MCAP see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
FETCh:MCAPture:SLOTs:SCOPe? on page 240
FETCh:MCAPture:SLOTs:MEASure? on page 239
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
Magnitude Error
Displays the magnitude error over time for the Slot to Measure.
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GSM I/Q measurement results
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,MERR see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
(See " Marker Table Display " on page 105).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 269
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 269
Modulation Accuracy
Displays the numeric values of the fundamental modulation characteristics of the signal
to be analyzed in the vector (I/Q) domain: error vector magnitude ("EVM"), magnitude
and phase error, IQ imbalance, etc.
The following modulation parameters are determined:
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Table 4-1: Modulation accuracy parameters
GSM I/Q measurement results
Parameter
"EVM" Error vector magnitude for the Slot to Measure
Mag Error Magnitude error for the Slot to Measure
"Phase
Error"
Origin Offset Suppression
[dB]
I/Q Offset
[%]
Description SCPI query for result value
RMS and peak error values for the current frame, in percent
95%ile: error value (in percent) below which 95% of all
"EVM" results for all frames in entire measurement fall
RMS and peak error values for the current frame, in percent
95%ile: error value (in percent) below which 95% of all
"Magnitude Error" results for all frames in entire measurement fall
Phase error for the Slot to Measure
RMS and peak error values for the current frame, in percent
95%ile: error value (in percent) below which 95% of all
"Phase Error" results for all frames in entire measurement
fall
Origin offset suppression for the demodulated signal in the
Slot to Measure; Indicates the suppression of the DC carrier;
the higher the suppression, the better the DUT
I/Q offset for the demodulated signal in the Slot to Measure
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy][:EVM]:PEAK:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy][:EVM]:RMS:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]PERCentile:EVM?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:MERRor:PEAK:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:MERRor:RMS:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]PERCentile:MERRor?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:PERRor:PEAK:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:PERRor:RMS:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]PERCentile:PERRor?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:OSUPpress:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:IQOFfset:
<Resulttype>?
I/Q Imbalance
[%]
Frequency
Error
[Hz]
Burst
Power
[dBm]
Amplitude
Droop
[dB]
A measure for gain imbalances and quadrature errors
between the inphase and quadrature components of the signal.
Frequency error of the center frequency currently measured
in the Slot to Measure
Average power measured in the slot
Indicates how much the amplitude decreases over a measured slot
The R&S VSE GSM application also performs statistical evaluation over a specified
number of results (see "Statistic Count" on page 88). To do so, the same slot is evaluated in multiple frames, namely in the number specified by the "Statistic Count". The
default value is 200 in accordance with the GSM standard.
For each parameter, the following results are displayed:
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:IQIMbalance:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:FERRor:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:BPOWer:
<Resulttype>?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:ADRoop:
<Resulttype>?
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Table 4-2: Calculated summary results
GSM I/Q measurement results
Result
type
Current Value for currently measured frame only
Average Linear average value of "Current" results from the specified
Peak Maximum value of "Current" results from specified number of
Std Dev Standard deviation of "Current" results for specified number
Description SCPI query for result value
number of frames
Exception: The average of the "Origin Offset Suppression"
is the linear average of the power ratio, converted to dBm
subsequently
frames
Exception: The peak of the "Origin Offset Suppression" is
the minimum value, as this represents the worst case, which
needs to be detected
of frames
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,MACC see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:ALL? on page 243
Chapter 9.7.4, "Modulation accuracy results", on page 240
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:<Parameter>:
CURRent?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:<Parameter>:
AVERage?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:<Parameter>:
MAXimum?
READ:BURSt[:MACCuracy]:<Parameter>:
SDEViation?
Modulation Spectrum Graph
The modulation spectrum evaluates the power vs frequency trace of a certain part of
the burst (50 to 90 % of the useful part, excluding the training sequence TSC) by measuring the average power in this part over several frames at certain fixed frequency offsets.
The "Modulation Spectrum Graph" displays the measured power levels as a trace
against the frequencies.
The measured values can be checked against defined limits; the limit lines are indicated as red lines in the diagram. The result of the limit check ("PASS"/"FAIL") are shown
at the top of the diagram.
Note: The GSM standards define both absolute and relative limits for the spectrum.
The limit check is considered to fail if both limits are exceeded.
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GSM I/Q measurement results
Note: The graphical results only provide an overview of the spectrum. For a detailed
conformance check of the DUT to the GSM standard, use the "Modulation Spectrum
Table" evaluation, which uses the 5-pole filter required by the 3GPP standard.
The numeric results of the modulation spectrum evaluation are displayed in the "Modu-
lation Spectrum Table" on page 22.
The following default settings are used for a "Modulation Spectrum" evaluation.
Table 4-3: Default settings for a "Modulation Spectrum" evaluation
Setting Default
Measurement Scope The slot selected as Slot to Measure
Averaging Configuration Number of bursts as selected in Statistic Count
Limit Check According to standard: Limit check of average (Avg) trace
See Chapter 5.13.1, "Limit check for modulation spectrum", on page 55
Note: Modulation RBW at 1800 kHz.
For the "Modulation Spectrum Graph" both the RBW and VBW are set to 30 kHz.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,MSFD see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 266
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:DATA? on page 267
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:CONTrol:DATA? on page 266
Modulation Spectrum Table
The modulation spectrum evaluates the power vs frequency trace of a certain part of
the burst (50 to 90 % of the useful part, excluding the training sequence TSC) by measuring the average power in this part over several frames.
The "Modulation Spectrum Table" displays the measured power levels and their offset
to the limits defined by the standard as numeric results.
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GSM I/Q measurement results
Note: The GSM standards define both absolute and relative limits for the spectrum.
The limit check is considered to fail if both limits are exceeded.
Values that exceed both limits are indicated by red characters and an asterisk (*) next
to the value, and a negative "Δ to Limit" value.
Note: The graphical results of the modulation spectrum evaluation are displayed in the
"Modulation Spectrum Graph" on page 21.
The following values are displayed:
Table 4-4: Modulation spectrum results
Result Description
Offset [kHz] Fixed frequency offsets (from the center frequency) at which power is measured
Power Negative
Offsets
Power Positive
Offsets
Table 4-5: Frequencies and filter bandwidths in modulation spectrum measurements
Offset Frequency (kHz) RBW (kHz) VBW (kHz)
± 100 30 30
± 200 30 30
± 250 30 30
± 400 30 30
Power at the frequency offset to the left of the center frequency
Levels are provided as:
[dB]: relative power level
[dBm]: absolute power level
Δ to Limit: power difference to limit defined in standard; negative values indicate the
power exceeds at least one of the limits
Power at the frequency offset to the right of the center frequency
Levels are provided as:
[dB]: relative power level
[dBm]: absolute power level
Δ to Limit: power difference to limit defined in standard; negative values indicate the
power exceeds at least one of the limits
± 600 30 30
± 800 30 30
± 1000 30 30
± 1200 30 30
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Offset Frequency (kHz) RBW (kHz) VBW (kHz)
± 1400 30 30
± 1600 30 30
± 1800 30 (single-carrier BTS);
100 (multi-carrier BTS);
30 (single-carrier BTS);
100 (multi-carrier BTS);
Note: "Normal" vs "Wide" Modulation Spectrum measurements.
In previous Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers, both a "normal" and a
"wide" modulation spectrum were available for GSM measurements. In the R&S VSE
GSM application, only one evaluation is provided. The frequency range of the frequency list, however, can be configured to be "wider" or "narrower" (see "Modulation
Spectrum Table: Frequency List" on page 96). The RBW and VBW are then adapted
accordingly.
Note: RBW at 1800 kHz.
As opposed to previous Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers, in which the
RBW at 1800 kHz was configurable, the R&S VSE configures the RBW (and VBW)
automatically according to the selected frequency list (see "Modulation Spectrum
Table: Frequency List" on page 96). For the "Modulation Spectrum Graph" both the
RBW and VBW are set to 30 kHz. For the "Modulation Spectrum Table", they are set
according to Table 4-6, depending on the measured Device Type and the number of
active carriers as defined in the "Signal Description" settings.
Table 4-6: RBW settings for Modulation Spectrum Table measurements according to standard
Offset Single-carrier BTS Multicarrier BTS
(N=1)
< 1.8 MHz
1.8 MHz
> 1.8 MHz
30 kHz
30 kHz
100 kHz
1)
1)
3)
30 kHz
100 kHz
100 kHz
3)
3)
3)
Multicarrier BTS
(N>1)
2)
30 kHz
100 kHz
100 kHz
2)
2)
MS mode
4)
30 kHz
100 kHz
100 kHz
5)
5)
1) See 3GPP TS 51.021 § 6.5.1.2 c) d)
2) See 3GPP TS 51.021 § 6.12.2
3) See 3GPP TS 51.021 § 6.5.1.2 f)
4) See 3GPP TS 51.010-1 § 13.4.4.2 f) and 3GPP TS45.005 § 4.2.1.3, table a1-c4
5) See 3GPP TS 51.010-1 § 13.4.4.2 d) and 3GPP TS 45.005 § 4.2.1.3
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,MST see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
READ:SPECtrum:MODulation[:ALL]? on page 252
READ:SPECtrum:MODulation:REFerence[:IMMediate]? on page 253
Phase Error
Displays the phase error over time.
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GSM I/Q measurement results
The following default settings are used for a "Phase Error vs Time" measurement.
Setting Default
Measurement Scope The slot selected as Slot to Measure
Averaging Configuration Number of frames as selected in Statistic Count
Limit Check None
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,PERR see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
Power vs Slot
Displays the power per slot in the current frame and over all frames. The result of the
(Power vs Time) limit check is also indicated.
Note: The power is measured for inactive slots, but not for slots outside the slot scope
(see Chapter 5.6, "Defining the scope of the measurement", on page 40).
The following power values are determined:
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Table 4-7: Measured power values for Power vs Slot results
Value Description SCPI query for result value
GSM I/Q measurement results
Slot Analyzed slot number in frame(s)
[0..7]
PvT Limit Power vs Time limit for the power vs time
trace of the slot, defined by the standard
Delta to
Sync
[NSP]
Power
Avg
[dBm]
Power
Peak
[dBm]
Crest
[dB]
The distance between the mid of the TSC
and the TSC of the Slot to Measure
NSP stands for Normal Symbol Period, i.e.
the duration of one symbol using a normal
symbol rate (approx. 3.69μs).
The measured "Delta to Sync" value has a
resolution of 0.02 NSP.
For details see Chapter 5.12, "Delta to sync
values", on page 54.
Average power in slot in current or all frames READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:CURRent:AVERage?
Maximum power in slot in current or all
frames
Crest factor in slot in current or all frames, i.e.
Power Peak / Power Avg
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:LIMit:FAIL? on page 261
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:DELTatosync? on page 260
on page 257
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:ALL:AVERage? on page 255
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:CURRent:MAXimum?
on page 259
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:ALL:MAXimum? on page 256
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:CURRent:CRESt?
on page 258
READ:BURSt:SPOWer:SLOT<Slot>:ALL:CRESt? on page 255
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,PST see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
Chapter 9.7.6, "Power vs slot results", on page 254
PvT Full Burst
The Power vs Time evaluation determines the power of all slots (bursts) in the selected
slot scope and performs a limit check of the power vs time trace against the specified
PvT mask.
The "PvT Full Burst" result display shows the power vs time trace, where the time axis
corresponds to the selected slot scope. The PvT mask is indicated by red lines, and
the overall result of the limit check is shown at the top of the diagram.
Note: The result of the Power vs Time limit check for individual slots is indicated in the
"Power vs Slot" on page 25 evaluation.
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Note: Full burst refers to the fact that the entire burst is displayed, including the rising
and falling edges and the burst top. However, you can easily analyze the edges in
more detail using the zoom functions
(See the R&S VSE User Manual).
The following default settings are used for a "Power vs Time" evaluation.
Table 4-8: Default settings for a "Power vs Time" evaluation
Setting Default
Measurement Scope The slot scope defined by First Slot to measure and Number of Slots to mea-
sure
Averaging Configuration Number of bursts as selected in Statistic Count
Limit Check According to standard:
●
The maximum (Max) trace is checked against the upper limit.
●
The minimum (Min) trace is checked against the lower limit.
See Chapter 5.13.3, "Limit check for power vs time results", on page 56
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,PTF see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 233
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 266
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:DATA? on page 267
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:CONTrol:DATA? on page 266
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Transient Spectrum Graph
The transient spectrum is very similar to the modulation spectrum evaluation; it evaluates the power vs frequency trace by measuring the power over several frames. However, as opposed to the modulation spectrum evaluation, the entire slot scope (defined
by the Number of Slots to measure and the First Slot to measure) is evaluated in each
frame, including the rising and falling burst edges, not just the useful part in the Slot to
Measure.
Furthermore, the number of fixed frequency offsets is lower, and the peak power is
evaluated rather than the average power, as this measurement is used to determine
irregularities.
The "Transient Spectrum Graph" displays the measured power levels as a trace
against the frequencies for the specified slots.
The measured values can be checked against defined limits; the limit lines are indicated as red lines in the diagram. The result of the limit check ("PASS"/"FAIL") is shown
at the top of the diagram.
Note: The GSM standards define both absolute and relative limits for the spectrum.
The limit check is considered to fail if both limits are exceeded.
Note: The graphical results only provide an overview of the spectrum. For a detailed
conformance check of the DUT to the GSM standard, use the "Transient Spectrum
Table" evaluation, which uses the 5-pole filter required by the 3GPP standard.
The numeric results of the modulation spectrum evaluation are displayed in the "Modu-
lation Spectrum Table" on page 22.
The following default settings are used for "Transient Spectrum" measurements.
Setting Default
Measurement Scope The slot scope defined by Number of Slots to measure and the First Slot to
measure in the "Demodulation Settings" (see Chapter 6.6.1, "Slot scope",
on page 88).
Averaging Configuration Number of frames as selected in Statistic Count
Limit Check Limit check of maximum (Max) trace
See Chapter 5.13.2, "Limit check for transient spectrum", on page 56
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GSM I/Q measurement results
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,TSFD see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 232
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 266
Transient Spectrum Table
The transient spectrum evaluates the power vs frequency trace of the slot scope by
measuring the power in these slots over several frames.
For details see "Transient Spectrum Graph" on page 28.
The "Transient Spectrum Table" displays the measured power levels and their offset to
the limits defined by the standard as numeric results.
Note: The GSM standards define both absolute and relative limits for the spectrum.
The limit check is considered to fail if both limits are exceeded.
Values that exceed both limits are indicated by red characters and an asterisk (*) next
to the value, and a negative "Δ to Limit" value.
To determine the relative limit values, a reference power is required (see "Transient
Spectrum: Reference Power" on page 96). In order to detect irregularities, it is useful
to define the peak power as a reference. However, the standard requires the reference
power to be calculated from the RMS power.
To perform the measurement according to the 3GPP standard set the reference power
to RMS and the Slot to Measure to the slot with the highest power.
See 3GPP TS 45.005, chapter "4 Transmitter characteristics ":
For GMSK modulation, the term output power refers to the measure of the power when
averaged over the useful part of the burst (see annex B).
For QPSK, AQPSK, 8-PSK, 16-QAM and 32-QAM modulation, the term "output power"
refers to a measure that, with sufficient accuracy, is equivalent to the long term average of the power when taken over the useful part of the burst as specified in 3GPP TS
45.002 with any fixed TSC and with random encrypted bits.
And 3GPP TS 51.021, chapter "6.5.2 Switching transients spectrum":
The reference power for relative measurements is the power measured in a bandwidth
of at least 300 kHz for the TRX under test for the time slot in this test with the highest
power.
Note: The graphical results of the transient spectrum evaluation are displayed in the
"Transient Spectrum Graph" on page 28.
The following values are displayed:
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Table 4-9: Transient spectrum results
Result Description
Offset
[kHz]
Power Negative
Offsets
Power Positive
Offsets
Fixed frequency offsets (from the center frequency) at which power is measured
Power at the frequency offset to the left of the center frequency
Levels are provided as:
[dB]: relative power level
[dBm]: absolute power level
Δ to Limit: power difference to limit defined in standard; negative values indicate the
power exceeds at least one of the limits
Power at the frequency offset to the right of the center frequency
Levels are provided as:
[dB]: relative power level
[dBm]: absolute power level
Δ to Limit: power difference to limit defined in standard; negative values indicate the
power exceeds at least one of the limits
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND '2',RIGH,TST see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 209
Results:
READ:SPECtrum:SWITching[:ALL]? on page 262
READ:SPECtrum:SWITching:REFerence[:IMMediate]? on page 263
Trigger to Sync Graph
The Trigger to Sync measurement determines the time between an external trigger
event and the start of the first symbol of the TSC. The start of the first symbol of the
TSC corresponds to the time 0 of the symbol period (see Chapter 5.9, "Definition of the
symbol period", on page 46).
Only one result per data capture is provided. Therefore, it is useful to perform several
data captures and average the results to obtain an accurate value (see "Statistic
Count" on page 88).
Both graphical and numeric (table) results are available. While the graphical results are
mainly used to determine the required measurement settings, the numeric results provide the actual trigger to sync value, including statistical evaluation (see "Trigger to
Sync Table" on page 32).
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