Ricoh FAX2500L Technical Bulletin FX5600
Technical Bulletin No.CGO-001
SUBJECT: Service Manual Correction
PREPARED BY: H.Yokoyama
CHECKED BY: S.Hamano
CLASSIFICATION:
Action Required Revision of service manual
Troubleshooting Information only
Retrofit Information Other
Following pages have been corrected.
Page: 2-18, 19
6-1~28
A floppy disk with corrected pages except page 2-18 and 19, is enclosed.
FROM: 2nd T.S. Section
MODEL:
FAX5600L
DATE:
Sep. 14, 1994
TROUBLESHOOTING 1st August, 1994
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
6. TROUBLESHOOTING
6.1. COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
If there is a copy quality problem that cannot be solved easily, try using the
following troubleshooting flow chart, while referring to the point-to-point diaÂgram. The flow chart may not be exhaustive, but it may help you to find the
problem.
Symptom: Blank copies
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Is the master installed corÂrectly?
3. Does the master rotate
correctly during the copy
cycle?
4. Is the master grounded
properly?
5. Are any of the laser optiÂcal components broken,
blocked, or misaligned?
6. Are the transfer corona
unit and wire correctly inÂstalled?
7. Does the FCU output the
power and corona trigger
signal to the power pack?
8. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
9. Does the development
bias terminal reach the
correct voltage
(about -530 Vdc)?
10. Does the FCU output the
power and bias trigger
signal to the power pack?
11. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
12. Does the development
roller attract toner?
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 15.
Go to step 3. Install it properly.
Go to step 4. Correct any problems with
Go to step 5. Check the grounding wire,
Correct the problem. Go to step 6.
Check the connections
between the corona wire
and the FCU. Go to step 7.
Clean the transfer corona
unit. Go to step 8.
Finished. Go to step 9.
Go to step 12. Go to step 10. Do not adjust
Clean the area around the
bias terminal. Go to step 11.
Finished. Clean the development
Check all LDDR - FCU Âinterlock switch
connections. Go to step 13.
Go to step 2.
the mechanism.
terminals and plates. Clean
or replace if necessary.
Correct the problem.
Change the FCU.
the variable resistors on the
power pack.
Change the FCU.
roller. Go to step 12.
Replace the roller.
6-1
Troubleshooting
1st August, 1994 TROUBLESHOOTING
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Blank copies
Check Action if Yes Action if No
13. Is the laser diode unit
screwed in properly?
14. Do the interlock switches
close when the cover is
closed, and do they pass
power to the LDDR?
15. Check the FCU - SBU
connection. Is there a
signal from the SBU
(AVIDEO)?
16. Does the problem only
occur when printing from
memory?
17. If the problem only occurs during communication, check the FCU - NCU - line
connections. Check for severe line problems. If the problem cannot be found, replace
the NCU or FCU.
Go to step 14. Install it properly.
Change the LD unit, FCU,
master unit, or varistor.
Go to step 16. Light the xenon lamp. Align
Check the connection to the
memory card. Change the
memory card, FCU, or MBU.
Change them.
the SBU (see section 5-2-9);
replace the FCU or SBU if
impossible.
Go to step 17.
Symptom: Black copies
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Are the charge corona
unit and wire correctly
installed?
3. Does the FCU output the
power and corona trigger
signal to the power pack?
4. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
5. Is the varistor shorted? Change the varistor. Go to step 6.
6. Is the master grounded
properly?
7. Does the development
bias terminal reach the
correct voltage
(about -530 Vdc)?
8. Does the FCU output the
power and bias trigger
signal to the power pack?
9. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
10. Check the connections
from the FCU to the
xenon lamp. Does the
lamp work?
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 10.
Check the connections
between the corona wire
and the FCU. Go to step 3.
Clean the charge corona
unit. Go to step 4.
Finished. Go to step 5.
Go to step 7. Check the grounding wire,
Go to step 10. Go to step 8. Do not adjust
Clean the area around the
bias terminal. Go to step 9.
The laser beam may always
be on. Change the FCU or
LD unit.
Go to step 12. Go to step 11.
Go to step 2.
Correct the problem.
Change the FCU.
terminal and plate. Clean or
replace if necessary.
the variable resistors on the
power pack.
Change the FCU.
Clean the development
roller. Go to step 10.
6-2
TROUBLESHOOTING 1st August, 1994
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Black copies
Check Action if Yes Action if No
11. Does the FCU output the
power and drive signals
to the lamp driver?
12. Check the FCU - SBU
connection. Is there a
signal from the SBU
(AVIDEO)?
13. Does the problem only
occur when printing from
memory?
14. If the problem only occurs during communication, check the FCU - NCU - line
connections. Check for severe line problems. If the problem cannot be found, replace
the NCU or FCU.
Change the xenon lamp or
the drive board.
Go to step 13. Light the xenon lamp. Align
Check the connection to the
memory card. Change the
memory card, FCU, or MBU.
Change the FCU.
the SBU (see section 5-2-9);
replace the FCU or SBU if
impossible.
Go to step 14.
Symptom: Faint copy
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Try the following steps (a to f) to solve the problem. If they fail, check the connections
through the machine between the FCU, toner near-end sensor, and toner supply motor.
Then go to step 3.
a) Replace the master.
b) If the Add Toner indicator is lit, add toner.
c) Clean or replace the corona wires.
d) Clean the toner metering blade (soft cloth and alcohol).
e) If the copy paper is damp, replace it.
f) If the toner contains dirt or paper particles, replace it.
3. Has the toner run out
even though the Add
Toner indicator is not lit?
4. Does the toner supply
motor turn just after the
main power is switched
on?
5. Work through steps 4 to 12 of "Blank copies".
6. Change the varistor, FCU, or LD unit .
7. Clean the exposure glass and the white plate in the scanner.
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 7.
Check the sensor actuator
mechanism. Change the
sensor if necessary.
Go to step 5. Change the toner supply
Go to step 2.
Go to step 4.
motor or the FCU.
Symptom: Faint copy at leading or trailing edge
Check Action if Yes Action if No
The paper in the cassette may be curled at the leading edge
The paper in the cassette may be damp.
The paper may be too thick or too thin.
Instruct the user how to store paper, and instruct them to use recommended types and
weights of copy paper.
6-3
Troubleshooting
1st August, 1994 TROUBLESHOOTING
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Dirty background all over the copy
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Try the following steps (a to f) to solve the problem. If they fail, go to step 3.
a) Clean the quenching lamp and cleaning blade.
b) Tighten the toner metering blade securing screws (see section 5-6-2).
c) If the toner contains dust or paper particles, change the CTM.
d) Clean the area around the bias terminal of the development unit.
e) If the pattern is constant down the page, clean the laser optics with a blower brush, or
clean or replace the corona wires.
3. Is the master grounded
properly?
4. Is the varistor shorted? Change the varistor. Go to step 5.
5. Does the development
bias terminal give a
constant correct voltage
(about -530 Vdc)?
6. Does the FCU output
constant power and bias
trigger signals to the
power pack?
7. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
8. Are the charge corona
unit and wire correctly
installed?
9. Does the FCU output
constant power and
corona trigger signals to
the power pack?
10. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
11. Does the quenching lamp
operate correctly?
12. Does the FCU send
constant power and drive
signals to the lamp?
13. Try replacing the master unit.
14. Clean the scanner optics, exposure glass, and white plate.
Check the SBU white waveform for peaks, dropouts, or noise in the signal. Change the
SBU or FCU if such wave patterns are present.
Adjust the RAM addresses containing contrast threshold levels.
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 13.
Go to step 4. Check the grounding wire,
Go to step 8. Go to step 6. Do not adjust
Clean the area around the
bias terminal. Go to step 7.
Finished. Go to step 8.
Check the connections
between the corona wire
and the FCU. Go to step 9.
Clean the charge corona
unit. Go to step 10.
Finished. Go to step 11.
Go to step 13. Check the connections
Replace the quenching
lamp.
Go to step 2.
terminals and plates. Clean
or replace if necessary.
the variable resistors on the
power pack.
Change the FCU.
Correct the problem.
Change the FCU.
between the FCU and lamp.
Go to step 12.
Replace the FCU.
6-4
TROUBLESHOOTING 1st August, 1994
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Stray toner flecks fused into the copy
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Clean the inside of the machine, especially around the development and transfer unit.
Clean the cleaning blade.
Clean the rollers in the fusing unit.
2. Replace the master unit or CTM.
Symptom: Previous copy shows faintly
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the quenching lamp
operate correctly?
2. Does the FCU send
constant power and drive
signals to the lamp?
Clean or replace the master. Check the connections
between the FCU and lamp.
Go to step 2.
Replace the quenching
lamp.
Replace the FCU.
Symptom: Density changes gradually across the printout
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Check that the charge corona wire is clean and that it is installed correctly.
Check that none of the laser optic components are out of position.
Check that toner is being distributed evenly across the development unit. If it is not,
change the CTM, development unit, or toner supply motor.
Try changing the master unit, quenching lamp, or the charge corona wire.
3. The xenon lamp may need to be changed.
4. Is the SBU scan line
alignment is correct (see
section 5-2-9)?
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 3.
Change the FCU. Change the SBU.
Go to step 2.
Symptom: Uneven density in vertical bands
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Clean or change the charge corona wire.
Clean or change the quenching lamp.
Clean the laser optic components with a blower brush or dry cloth.
Check that toner is being distributed evenly across the development unit. If it is not,
change the CTM, development unit, or toner supply motor.
3. Clean the exposure glass, white plate, and scanner optics.
Change the xenon lamp, especially if bands appear on the sides of copies made using
copy mode.
4. Are there any bands in
the SBU white waveform
(see section 5-2-9)?
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 3.
Change the SBU. Change the FCU.
6-5
Go to step 2.
Troubleshooting
1st August, 1994 TROUBLESHOOTING
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Uneven density in horizontal bands
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the xenon lamp
flicker?
2. Is there a clear boundary
between the bands?
Change the lamp. Go to step 2.
Clean the charge and
transfer corona units (there
could be a leak, so check if
any Auto Service Calls were
made).
Clean the development unit,
its bearings, and drive
mechanism. or replace the
master unit and/or
development unit.
Symptom: Thin vertical white lines
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Clean the grid plate, toner metering blade, and laser optics.
Clean or replace the corona wires.
Add toner if the toner supply is getting low.
Check for foreign objects around the master that could cause leakage of charge form
the belt.
3. Is the surface of the hot
roller scratched?
4. Is the master scratched? Replace the component that
5. Clean the white pressure plate above the exposure glass.
6. Are there any peaks in the
SBU white waveform
(see section 5-2-9)?
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 5.
Replace the component that
is damaging the hot roller,
then replace the hot roller.
If the hot roller strippers are
badly stained with toner,
replace them, and the
thermistor (or FCU or PSU).
is doing the damage, then
replace the master.
Change the SBU. Change the FCU.
Go to step 2.
Go to step 4.
Finished
Symptom: Fuzzy vertical white lines
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Clean or replace the corona wires.
Symptom: Wavy vertical black lines or bands
Check Action if Yes Action if No
The cleaning blade or toner metering blade may be dirty or damaged.
Replace the hexagonal mirror motor.
6-6
TROUBLESHOOTING 1st August, 1994
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Vertical dotted lines
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. If the master is scratched, replace the master, and the component that is scratching it.
2. If the development roller is scratched, replace the roller, and the component that is
scratching it.
3. Clean the corona wires.
Symptom: Vertical black band at the left or right edge of the printout
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Make sure that the charge corona wire cleaner is at home position.
Clean the laser optics with a blower brush or soft dry cloth.
3. Clean the scanner optics.
Replace the xenon lamp.
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 3.
Go to step 2.
Symptom: Vertical black lines or bands at constant positions on the copy
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make a printer test (see
section 4-1-13). Is it OK?
2. Clean the thermistor, hot
and pressure rollers, and
hot roller strippers.
Change the cleaning pad
if it is dirty.
Is the surface of the hot
roller scratched?
3. Is the master scratched? Replace the component that
4. Clean the corona wires and guide plates in the paper feed path.
Clean the quenching lamp.
Replace the toner metering blade if it is damaged.
Clean the laser optics carefully with a blower brush or soft dry cloth.
If the problem remains, change the FCU or LD unit.
5. Clean the white pressure plate above the exposure glass.
6. Are there any peaks in the
SBU white waveform
(see section 5-2-9)?
There may be a scanner
problem; go to step 5.
Replace the component that
is damaging the hot roller,
then replace the hot roller.
If the hot roller strippers are
badly stained with toner,
replace them, and the
thermistor (or FCU or PSU).
is doing the damage, then
replace the master.
Change the SBU. Change the FCU.
Go to step 2.
Go to step 3.
Go to step 4.
Symptom: Defects at repeating intervals on the printout
Check Action if Yes Action if No
There is a defect on the master belt or on one of the rollers (the most likely ones are the
hot roller, pressure roller, or development roller
Symptom: Black streaks at the leading edge
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Clean the hot roller strippers or change the master unit.
6-7
Troubleshooting
1st August, 1994 TROUBLESHOOTING
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Black spots at the leading edge
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Clean inside the machine, especially around the fusing unit and transfer unit entrances.
Clean the transfer corona wire and check that it is installed properly.
If the problem remains, change the transfer corona wire or the power pack.
Symptom: Horizontal white lines or stripes across printouts
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Make sure that the user is using the correct type of copy paper, and storing it in a dry
place.
2. Does the printout have a
crease mark where the
white band appears?
3. Does the development
bias terminal stay at a
constant voltage
(about -530 Vdc)?
4. Does the FCU output the
power and bias trigger
signal to the power pack?
5. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
6. Clean the transfer corona unit (wire, endblocks, casing).
Check and replace any parts that may be causing the corona charge to leak.
7. Check that the development roller and master unit are both rotating smoothly, and that
the start and stop at the same time. If there are any problems, do the following:
a) Check the roller, master unit, and drive mechanism for any defective components,
such as gears.
b) Try changing the main motor.
Check the paper feed
mechanism and path from
paper feed through transfer;
correct any faults.
Go to step 6. Go to step 4. Do not adjust
Clean the area around the
bias terminal. Go to step 5.
Finished. Clean the development
Go to step 3.
the variable resistors on the
power pack.
Change the FCU.
roller. Go to step 6.
Symptom: Black page with horizontal white stripes
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Replace the optic fiber cable from the main scan start detector.
If the problem remains, change the LD unit or FCU.
Symptom: Random black spots on the printout
Check Action if Yes Action if No
The grid plate may not be grounded properly. If the problem cannot be corrected, try
changing the charge corona unit, which contains the grid plate.
If the surface of the development roller is dirty, clean it.
The laser diode may be out of control. Change the LDDR or FCU.
Symptom: Horizontal black stripes
Check Action if Yes Action if No
6-8
TROUBLESHOOTING 1st August, 1994
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Horizontal black stripes
1. Is the Call Service
indicator lit?
2. Check that the master unit is installed properly and correctly grounded.
Change the master unit if it is damaged.
If the problem only occurs in copy mode, the xenon lamp may be flickering: change the
lamp, driver, or FCU.
If the problem remains, go to step 3.
3. Does the development
bias terminal stay at a
constant voltage
(about -530 Vdc)?
4. Does the FCU output the
power and bias trigger
signal to the power pack?
5. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
6. Check that the toner metering blade is screwed in securely.
Replace the LD unit or FCU. Go to step 2.
Go to step 6. Go to step 4. Do not adjust
the variable resistors on the
power pack.
Clean the area around the
bias terminal. Go to step 5.
Finished. Clean the development
Change the FCU.
roller. Go to step 6.
Symptom: White spots in black areas
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Clean the development roller (soft cloth and alcohol).
Clean the corona wires.
If the problem cannot be solved, change the development unit, master, or power pack.
Symptom: Data missing at the leading edge
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the problem only
occur during copying?
2. Check that the scan line sensor is in the correct position.
Try changing the FCU.
3. Is the correct type of copy paper being used, and is it curled at the leading edge?
Check for dust on the rollers in the paper feed path.
Lower cassette: Is the registration mechanism working correctly?
Go to step 2. Go to step 3.
6-9
Troubleshooting
1st August, 1994 TROUBLESHOOTING
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Part of the copy missing at the left or right edges
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the problem only
occur during copying?
2. Check the scanner optic path.
Change the SBU or FCU.
3. Check the laser optic path.
Change the FCU.
Go to step 2. Go to step 3.
Symptom: Distorted printout
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the problem only
occur during copying?
2. Check that the document feed mechanism is operating smoothly.
3. Poorly installed or defective hexagonal mirror motor.
Blockage in the paper path.
Check that the main motor, gears, rollers, and drive belts are moving smoothly.
Go to step 2. Go to step 3.
Symptom: Fuzzy copy
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the problem only
occur during copying?
2. Does the ozone fan turn
on?
3. Does the fan receive the
power and drive signals?
4. Change the ozone filter.
Check for obstructions between the transfer unit and the fusing unit.
Check that the master is grounded properly.
Change the master unit.
Clean or replace the corona wires.
Clean the laser optics carefully with a blower brush or soft dry cloth.
If the problem remains, go to step 5.
5. Does the development
bias terminal stay at a
constant voltage
(about -530 Vdc)?
6. Does the FCU output the
power and bias trigger
signal to the power pack?
7. Does the problem go
away if you change the
power pack?
8. Clean the scanner optics and the xenon lamp.
Check the SBU waveforms, especially MTF and reduction rate (section 5-2-9).
Go to step 8. Check the connections
between the ozone fan and
the FCU. Go to step 2.
Go to step 4. Go to step 3.
Replace the fan. Replace the FCU (or PSU).
Go to step 8. Go to step 6. Do not adjust
the variable resistors on the
power pack.
Clean the area around the
bias terminal. Go to step 7.
Finished. Clean the development
Change the FCU.
roller.
6-10
TROUBLESHOOTING 1st August, 1994
COPY QUALITY TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom: Unfused copy
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Clean the thermistor in the fusing unit.
Check the pressure roller spring mechanism.
Change the thermistor, fusing unit, FCU, or PSU.
Symptom: Jitter, image stretched down the page
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Does the problem only
occur during copying?
2. Check the paper feed drive mechanism (motors, gears, timing belts).
Check for obstructions in the paper feed path.
Jitter: Try changing the LD unit or FCU.
3. Check the document feed drive mechanism (motors, gears, timing belts).
Check the tx motor timing belt tension (see section 5-2-7).
Replace the FCU or tx motor if the motor is making abnormal noise.
Go to step 3. Go to step 2.
Symptom: Magnification or reduction, filled-in characters
Check Action if Yes Action if No
Adjust the SBU reduction rate (see section 5-2-9).
If the problem only occurs in copy mode, check the paper size sensors. Replace the
sensors or the FCU (or the PFU for the lower cassette).
Symptom: Misaligned output - data shifted to the left or right
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Check that the laser diode unit is screwed in properly.
Check that the laser optics are not misaligned.
Try changing the LD unit or FCU.
2. Adjust the SBU scan start position (see section 5-2-9).
Check that the scanner optics are not misaligned.
Check that the document table is aligned properly (see section 5-2-3).
Try changing the LD unit or FCU.
6-11
Troubleshooting
1st August, 1994 TROUBLESHOOTING
MECHANICAL PROBLEMS
6.2. MECHANICAL PROBLEMS
The following flow charts may help you find the problem. They do not include
such obvious steps as checking the power connection or changing the PSU
or FCU if nothing appears on the operation panel.
6.2.1. ADF/Scanner
Symptom: Non feed
Check Action if Yes Action if No
1. Are the covers closed
properly?
2. Are the pick-up and feed
rollers clean?
3. Is the shutter mechanism
blocked? (If the shutter
does not lift up after
pressing Start, the tx
motor may be defective;
see step 10.)
4. Is the problem corrected
by adjusting the
separation roller (see
section 5-2-2)?
5. Are the gears and spring
clutches clean and
working properly?
6. Are the connections
between the operation
panel, FCU, and
document sensor loose?
7. Does the LCD prompt
change when a
document is placed in the
feeder?
8. Are the connections
between the PSU and
FCU and the tx motor
loose?
9. Does the tx motor work? This troubleshooting
10. Does the FCU receive
+ 24V from the PSU?
11. Does the FCU output
power and phase drive
signals to the tx motor?
Go to step 2. Close the covers securely.
Go to step 3. Clean the rollers with a soft
cloth and water. Replace
them if they are damaged.
Free the mechanism. Go to step 4.
Finished Put the separation roller
adjustment back to the
original setting. Try
replacing the separation
roller. If that does not help,
go to step 5.
Go to step 6. Clean the gears and
clutches. Remove any
debris from the mechanism.
Connect the cables properly. Go to step 7.
Go to step 8. Replace the document
sensor, operation panel
PCB, or FCU.
Connect the cables properly. Go to step 9.
Go to step 10.
procedure has finished.
Go to step 11. Change the PSU.
Replace the tx motor. Replace the FCU.
6-12
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