2A, 2MHz, Synchronous Step-Down Regulator
RT8015
General Description
The RT8015 is a high efficiency synchronous, step-down
DC/DC converter. Its input voltage range is from 2.6V to
5.5V and provides an adjustable regulated output voltage
from 0.8V to 5V while delivering up to 2A of output current.
The internal synchronous low on-resistance power
switches increase efficiency and eliminate the need for
an external Schottky diode. Switching frequency is set
by an external resistor or can be synchronized to an
external clock. 100% duty cycle provides low dropout
operation extending battery life in portable systems.
Current mode operation with external compensation
allows the transient response to be optimized over a wide
range of loads and output capacitors.
RT8015 operation in forced continuous PWM Mode which
minimizes ripple voltage and reduces the noise and RF
interference. 100% duty cycle in Low Dropout Operation
further maximize battery life.
Features
l High Efficiency : Up to 95%
l Low R
l Programmable Frequency : 300kHz to 2MHz
l No Schottky Diode Required
l 0.8V Reference Allows Low Output Voltage
l Forced Continuous Mode Operation
l Low Dropout Operation : 100% Duty Cycle
l RoHS Compliant and 100% Lead (Pb)-Free
Internal Switches : 110mΩ
DS(ON)
Applications
l Portable Instruments
l Battery-Powered Equipment
l Notebook Computers
l Distributed Power Systems
l IP Phones
l Digital Cameras
Pin Configurations
Ordering Information
RT8015
Package Type
SP : SOP-8 (Exposed Pad-Option 2)
Lead Plating System
P : Pb Free
G : Green (Halogen Free and Pb Free)
Note :
Richtek products are :
} RoHS compliant and compatible with the current require-
ments of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.
} Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes.
(TOP VIEW)
SHDN/RT
GND
PGND
2
3
LX
4
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad)
GND
8
COMP
7
FB
6
VDD
9
5
PVDD
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
1
RT8015
Typical Application Circuit
L1
2.6V to 5.5V
V
IN
C
IN
22uF
R
OSC
332k
5
PVDD
6
VDD
4
PGND
1
SHDN/RT
RT8015
LX
FB
COMP
GND
Note : Using all Ceramic Capacitors
Recommended Component for Different Output V oltage Applications
V
L1 (uH) C
OUT
(uF) R1 (kΩ) R2 (kΩ) R
OUT
3.3V 2.2 22 750 240 13 1
2.5V 2.2 22 510 240 13 1
1.8V 1.0 22 300 240 7.5 1.5
1.2V 1.0 22 120 240 7.5 1.5
2.2uH
3
7
R
COMP
8
2,
Exposed
Pad (9)
COMP
13k
(kΩ) C
C
COMP
1nF
COMP
(nF)
R1
510k
R2
240k
C
OUT
22uF
V
OUT
2.5V/2A
Functional Pin Description
Pin No. Pin Name Pin Fu nction
1 SHDN/RT
2,
9 (Ex posed Pad)
3 LX Internal Power MOSFET Switches Output. Connect this pin to the inductor.
4 PGND Power Ground. Connect this pin close to the (−) terminal of CIN and C
5 PVDD Power Input Supply. Decouple this pin to PGND with a capac itor.
6 VDD
7 FB
8 COMP
GND
Oscillator Resistor Input. Connecting a resistor to ground from this pin sets the
switching frequency. For cing this pin to V
Signal Ground. All small-signal components and compensation components should
connect to this ground, which in turn connects to PGND at one point. The exposed
pad must be soldered to a large P CB and connected to GND for maximum power
dissipation.
Signal Input Supply. Decouple this pin to GND with a capacitor. Normally V
equal to PVD D.
Feedback Pin. Receives the feedback voltage from a resistive divider connected
across the output.
Error Amplifier Compensation Point. The current comparator threshold increases
with this control voltage. Connect external compensation elements to this pin to
stabilize the control loop.
causes the device to be shut down.
DD
OUT
.
is
DD
DS8015-03 March 2011www.richtek.com
2
Function Block Diagram
RT8015
SHDN/RT
COMP
FB
0.8V
POR
VDD
EA
Int-SS
SD
Output
Clamp
0.9V
0.7V
0.4V
OSC
Slope
Com
ISEN
OC
Limit
Driver
Control
Logic
NISEN
NMOS I Limit
REF
OTP
V
PVDD
LX
PGND
GND
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3
RT8015
Operation
Main Control Loop
The RT8015 is a monolithic, constant-frequency, current
mode step-down DC/DC converter. During normal
operation, the internal top power switch (P-Channel
MOSFET) is turned on at the beginning of each clock
cycle. Current in the inductor increases until the peak
inductor current reach the value defined by the voltage on
the COMP pin. The error amplifier adjusts the voltage on
the COMP pin by comparing the feedback signal from a
resistor divider on the FB pin with an internal 0.8V
reference. When the load current increases, it causes a
reduction in the feedback voltage relative to the reference.
The error amplifier raises the COMP voltage until the
average inductor current matches the new load current.
When the top power MOSFET shuts off, the synchronous
power switch (N-Channel MOSFET) turns on until either
the bottom current limit is reached or the beginning of the
next clock cycle.
The operating frequency is set by an external resistor
connected between the RT pin and ground. The practical
switching frequency can range from 300kHz to 2MHz.
Power Good comparators will pull the PGOOD output low
if the output voltage comes out of regulation by 12.5%. In
an over-voltage condition, the top power MOSFET is turned
off and the bottom power MOSFET is switched on until
either the over-voltage condition clears or the bottom
MOSFET's current limit is reached.
Frequency Synchronization
The internal oscillator of the RT8011 can be synchronized
to an external clock connected to the SYNC pin. The
frequency of the external clock can be in the range of
300kHz to 2MHz. For this application, the oscillator timing
resistor should be chosen to correspond to a frequency
that is about 20% lower than the synchronization
frequency.
The output voltage will then be determined by the input
voltage minus the voltage drop across the internal
P-Channel MOSFET and the inductor.
Low Supply Operation
The RT8015 is designed to operate down to an input supply
voltage of 2.6V. One important consideration at low input
supply voltages is that the R
N-Channel power switches increases. The user should
calculate the power dissipation when the RT8015 is used
at 100% duty cycle with low input voltages to ensure that
thermal limits are not exceeded.
Slope Compensation and Inductor Peak Current
Slope compensation provides stability in constant
frequency architectures by preventing sub-harmonic
oscillations at duty cycles greater than 50%. It is
accomplished internally by adding a compensating ramp
to the inductor current signal. Normally, the maximum
inductor peak current is reduced when slope compensation
is added. In the RT8015, however, separated inductor
current signals are used to monitor over current condition.
This keeps the maximum output current relatively constant
regardless of duty cycle.
Short Circuit Protection
When the output is shorted to ground, the inductor current
decays very slowly during a single switching cycle. A
current runaway detector is used to monitor inductor
current. As current increasing beyond the control of current
loop, switching cycles will be skipped to prevent current
runaway from occurring.
of the P-Channel and
DS(ON)
Dropout Operation
When the input supply voltage decreases toward the output
voltage, the duty cycle increases toward the maximum
on-time. Further reduction of the supply voltage forces
the main switch to remain on for more than one cycle
eventually reaching 100% duty cycle.
4
DS8015-03 March 2011www.richtek.com
RT8015
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
l Supply Input Voltage, VDD, PVDD---------------------------------------------------------------------------−0.3V to 6V
l LX Pin Switch Voltage------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−0.3V to (PVDD + 0.3V)
l Other I/O Pin Voltages------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
l LX Pin Switch Current-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4A
l Power Dissipation, P
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.33W
l Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2)
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad), θJA------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75°C/W
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad), θJC------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15°C/W
l Junction Temperature-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------150°C
l Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)----------------------------------------------------------------------260°C
l Storage Temperature Range-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------−65°C to 150°C
l ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)
HBM (Human Body Mode)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2kV
MM (Machine Mode)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------200V
Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 4)
@ TA = 25°C
D
l Supply Input Voltage--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.6V to 5.5V
l Junction Temperature Range----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
l Ambient Temperature Range----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
−40°C to 125°C
−40°C to 85°C
Electrical Characteristics
(V
= 3.3V, T
DD
Input Voltage Range VDD 2.6 -- 5.5 V
Feedback Reference Voltage V
DC Bias Current
Output Voltage Line Regulation VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V -- 0.04 -- %/V
Output Voltage Load Regulation 0A < I
Error Amplifier
Transconductance
Current Sense Transresistance RT -- 0.4 -- Ω
Power Good Range -- ±12.5 ±15 %
Power Good Pull-Down
Resistance
Switching Frequency
= 25°C, unless otherwise specified)
A
Parameter Symbol
0.784 0.8 0.816
REF
Active , VFB = 0.78V, Not Switching -- 460 -- µA
Shutdown -- -- 1 µA
gm -- 800 -- us
-- -- 120 Ω
R
Switching Frequency 0.3 -- 2 MHz
Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
< 2A -- 0.25 -- %
LOAD
= 332k 0.8 1 1.2 MHz
OSC
V
Sync Frequency Range 0.3 -- 2 MHz
To be continued
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
5
RT8015
Parameter Symbol
Switch On Resistance, High R
Switch On Resistance, Low R
Peak Current Limit I
Under Voltage Lockout
Threshold
VDD Rising -- 2.4 -- V
VDD Falling -- 2.3 -- V
Shutdown Threshold V
Note 1. Stresses listed as the above “ Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for
stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability.
Note 2. θJA is measured in the natural convection at T
JEDEC 51-7 thermal measurement standard. The case point of θJC is on the exposed pad of the package.
Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended.
Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
ISW = 0.5A -- 110 160 mΩ
PMOS
ISW = 0.5A -- 110 170 mΩ
NMOS
2.2 3.2 -- A
LIM
SHDN/RT
Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
-- VIN − 0.7 VIN − 0.4 V
= 25°C on 4-layers high effective thermal conductivity test board of
A
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6
Typical Operating Characteristics
Output Voltage (V)
RT8015
Efficiency vs. Output Current
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Efficiency (%)
30
20
10
0
0 250 500 750 100012501500 17502000
VIN = 5V, V
VIN = 3.3V, V
OUT
= 1.8V
OUT
= 1.8V
Output Current (mA)
Frequency vs. Temperature
1100
1080
VIN = 3.3V, V
I
= 0A
OUT
OUT
= 1.8V
Output Voltage vs. Output Current
1.810
VIN = 3.3V
1.808
1.806
1.804
1.802
1.800
1.798
1.796
1.794
1.792
1.790
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 15001750 2000
Output Current (mA)
Peak Current Limited vs. Input Voltage
4.0
V
= 2.5V
OUT
3.5
1060
1040
Frequency (kHz)
1020
1000
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Temperature
(°C)
Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
550
530
510
490
470
Quiescent Current (uA)
3.0
2.5
Peak Current Limited (A)
2.0
3 3.253.5 3.75 4 4.254.54.75 5 5.255.5
Input Voltage (V)
Quiescent Current vs. Temperature
500
VIN = 3.3V
480
460
440
420
Quiescent Current (uA)
450
3 3.253.5 3.75 4 4.254.54.75 5 5.255.5
Input Voltage (V)
400
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Temperature
(°C)
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
7
RT8015
1.820
1.815
1.810
1.805
1.800
1.795
1.790
Output Voltage (V)
1.785
1.780
V
OUT
(50mV/Div)
Output Voltage vs. Temperature
VIN = 3.3V
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Temperature
(°C)
Load Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V, V
= 0A to 2A
I
OUT
OUT
= 2.5V
0.805
0.804
0.803
(V)
REF
0.802
V
0.801
0.800
V
OUT
(50mV/Div)
V
vs. Input Voltage
REF
3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 5.25 5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Load Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V, V
= 1A to 2A
I
OUT
OUT
= 2.5V
I
LX
(1A/Div)
V
OUT
(10mV/Div)
V
LX
(5V/Div)
I
LX
(2A/Div)
VIN = 3.3V, V
= 2A
I
OUT
Time (50μs/Div)
Output Ripple
= 2.5V
OUT
Time (250ns/Div)
I
LX
(1A/Div)
V
OUT
(10mV/Div)
V
LX
(5V/Div)
I
LX
(2A/Div)
VIN = 5V, V
I
= 2A
OUT
Time (50μs/Div)
Output Ripple
= 2.5V
OUT
Time (250ns/Div)
DS8015-03 March 2011www.richtek.com
8
RT8015
V
IN
(2V/Div)
PGOOD
(2V/Div)
V
OUT
(2V/Div)
I
LX
(2A/Div)
V
IN
(2V/Div)
V
OUT
(2V/Div)
V
LX
(5V/Div)
I
LX
(2A/Div)
Power Good
VIN = 3.3V, V
I
= 2A
OUT
= 2.5V
OUT
Time (1ms/Div)
Power On & Inductor Current
VIN = 5V, V
= 2A
I
OUT
OUT
= 2.5V
V
IN
(2V/Div)
V
OUT
(2V/Div)
V
LX
(5V/Div)
I
LX
(2A/Div)
V
IN
(2V/Div)
V
LX
(5V/Div)
V
OUT
(2V/Div)
I
IN
(2A/Div)
Power On & Inductor Current
VIN = 3.3V, V
I
= 2A
OUT
= 2.5V
OUT
Time (1ms/Div)
Soft Start and Inrush Current
VIN = 3.3V, V
= 2A
I
OUT
OUT
= 2.5V
Time (1ms/Div)
Time (2.5ms/Div)
Soft Start and Inrush Current
VIN = 5V, V
= 2A
I
OUT
V
IN
(2V/Div)
V
LX
(5V/Div)
V
OUT
(2V/Div)
I
IN
(2A/Div)
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
= 2.5V
OUT
Time (2.5ms/Div)
9
RT8015
Application Information
The basic RT8015 application circuit is shown in Typical
Application Circuit. External component selection is
determined by the maximum load current and begins with
the selection of the inductor value and operating frequency
followed by CIN and C
OUT
.
Operating Frequency
Selection of the operating frequency is a tradeoff between
efficiency and component size. High frequency operation
allows the use of smaller inductor and capacitor values.
Operation at lower frequency improves efficiency by
reducing internal gate charge and switching losses but
requires larger inductance and/or capacitance to maintain
low output ripple voltage.
The operating frequency of the RT8015 is determined by
an external resistor that is connected between the RT pin
and ground. The value of the resistor sets the ramp current
that is used to charge and discharge an internal timing
capacitor within the oscillator. The RT resistor value can
be determined by examining the frequency vs. RT curve.
Although frequencies as high as 4MHz are possible, the
minimum on-time of the RT8015 imposes a minimum limit
on the operating duty cycle. The minimum on-time is
typically 110ns. Therefore, the minimum duty cycle is
equal to 100 x 110ns x f(Hz).
Inductor Selection
For a given input and output voltage, the inductor value
and operating frequency determine the ripple current. The
ripple current ∆IL increases with higher VIN and decreases
with higher inductance.
V
=∆
I
L
×
Lf
V
−
1
OUTOUT
V
IN
Having a lower ripple current reduces the ESR losses in
the output capacitors and the output voltage ripple. Highest
efficiency operation is achieved at low frequency with small
ripple current. This, however, requires a large inductor. A
reasonable starting point for selecting the ripple current
is ∆I = 0.4(I
). The largest ripple current occurs at the
MAX
highest VIN. To guarantee that the ripple current stays
below a specified maximum, the inductor value should be
chosen according to the following equation :
L
10
L(MAX)
V
−
1
V
IN(MAX)
V
=
OUT
∆×
If
OUT
The transition from low current operation begins when the
peak inductor current falls below the minimum peak
current. Lower inductor values result in higher ripple current
which causes this to occur at lower load currents. This
causes a dip in efficiency in the upper range of low current
operation.
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Frequency (MHz)
1
0.5
0
0 100200300400500600700800900100
RT = 154k for 2MHz
RT = 332k for 1MHz
RRT (k )
RRT (kΩ)
1000
0
Figure 1
Inductor Core Selection
Once the value for L is known, the type of inductor must
be selected. High efficiency converters generally cannot
afford the core loss found in low cost powdered iron cores,
forcing the use of more expensive ferrite or mollypermalloy
cores. Actual core loss is independent of core size for a
fixed inductor value but it is very dependent on the
inductance selected. As the inductance increases, core
losses decrease. Unfortunately, increased inductance
requires more turns of wire and therefore copper losses
will increase.
Ferrite designs have very low core losses and are preferred
at high switching frequencies, so design goals can
concentrate on copper loss and preventing saturation.
Ferrite core material saturates “hard”, which means that
inductance collapses abruptly when the peak design
current is exceeded.
This result in an abrupt increase in inductor ripple current
and consequent output voltage ripple.
Do not allow the core to saturate!
DS8015-03 March 2011www.richtek.com
RT8015
Different core materials and shapes will change the size/
current and price/current relationship of an inductor. Toroid
or shielded pot cores in ferrite or permalloy materials are
small and don't radiate energy but generally cost more
than powdered iron core inductors with similar
characteristics. The choice of which style inductor to use
mainly depends on the price vs. size requirements and
any radiated field/EMI requirements.
CIN and C
Selection
OUT
The input capacitance, CIN, is needed to filter the
trapezoidal current at the source of the top MOSFET. To
prevent large ripple voltage, a low ESR input capacitor
sized for the maximum RMS current should be used. RMS
current is given by :
V
II
OUT(MAX)RMS
OUT
V
This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2V
I
RMS
= I
/2. This simple worst-case condition is
OUT
V
IN
1
−=
V
IN
OUT
OUT
, where
commonly used for design because even significant
deviations do not offer much relief. Note that ripple current
ratings from capacitor manufacturers are often based on
only 2000 hours of life which makes it advisable to further
derate the capacitor, or choose a capacitor rated at a higher
temperature than required.
use types that have been surge tested for use in switching
power supplies. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have
significantly higher ESR but can be used in cost-sensitive
applications provided that consideration is given to ripple
current ratings and long term reliability. Ceramic capacitors
have excellent low ESR characteristics but can have a
high voltage coefficient and audible piezoelectric effects.
The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance
can also lead to significant ringing.
Using Ceramic Input and Output Capacitors
Higher values, lower cost ceramic capacitors are now
becoming available in smaller case sizes. Their high ripple
current, high voltage rating and low ESR make them ideal
for switching regulator applications. However, care must
be taken when these capacitors are used at the input and
output. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input
and the power is supplied by a wall adapter through long
wires, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the
input, VIN. At best, this ringing can couple to the output
and be mistaken as loop instability. At worst, a sudden
inrush of current through the long wires can potentially
cause a voltage spike at VIN large enough to damage the
part.
Several capacitors may also be paralleled to meet size or
height requirements in the design.
The selection of C
is determined by the effective series
OUT
resistance (ESR) that is required to minimize voltage ripple
and load step transients, as well as the amount of bulk
capacitance that is necessary to ensure that the control
loop is stable. Loop stability can be checked by viewing
the load transient response as described in a later section.
The output ripple, ∆V
ESRIV
LOUT
, is determined by :
OUT
1
+∆≤∆
8fC
OUT
The output ripple is highest at maximum input voltage
since ∆IL increases with input voltage. Multiple capacitors
placed in parallel may be needed to meet the ESR and
RMS current handling requirements. Dry tantalum, special
polymer, aluminum electrolytic and ceramic capacitors are
all available in surface mount packages. Special polymer
capacitors offer very low ESR but have lower capacitance
density than other types. Tantalum capacitors have the
highest capacitance density but it is important to only
Output Voltage Programming
The output voltage is set by an external resistive divider
according to the following equation :
R1
+×=
1VV
R2
where V
REFOUT
equals to 0.8V typical.
REF
The resistive divider allows the FB pin to sense a fraction
of the output voltage as shown in Figure 2.
V
OUT
R1
FB
RT8015
GND
R2
Figure 2. Setting the Output Voltage
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
11
RT8015
Efficiency Considerations
The efficiency of a switching regulator is equal to the output
power divided by the input power times 100%. It is often
useful to analyze individual losses to determine what is
limiting the efficiency and which change would produce
the most improvement. Efficiency can be expressed as :
Efficiency = 100% − (L1+ L2+ L3+ ...) where L1, L2, etc.
are the individual losses as a percentage of input power.
Although all dissipative elements in the circuit produce
losses, two main sources usually account for most of the
losses: VDD quiescent current and I2R losses.
The VDD quiescent current loss dominates the efficiency
loss at very low load currents whereas the I2R loss
dominates the efficiency loss at medium to high load
currents. In a typical efficiency plot, the efficiency curve
at very low load currents can be misleading since the
actual power lost is of no consequence.
1. The VDD quiescent current is due to two components :
the DC bias current as given in the electrical characteristics
and the internal main switch and synchronous switch gate
charge currents. The gate charge current results from
switching the gate capacitance of the internal power
MOSFET switches. Each time the gate is switched from
high to low to high again, a packet of charge ∆Q moves
from VDD to ground. The resulting ∆Q/∆t is the current out
of VDD that is typically larger than the DC bias current. In
continuous mode, I
GATECHG
= f(QT+QB) where QT and QB
are the gate charges of the internal top and bottom
switches.
Both the DC bias and gate charge losses are proportional
to VDD and thus their effects will be more pronounced at
higher supply voltages.
2. I2R losses are calculated from the resistances of the
internal switches, RSW and external inductor RL. In
continuous mode the average output current flowing
through inductor L is “chopped” between the main switch
and the synchronous switch. Thus, the series resistance
looking into the LX pin is a function of both top and bottom
MOSFET R
RSW = R
DS(ON)
and the duty cycle (D) as follows :
DS(ON)
TOP x D + R
BOT x (1"D) The R
DS(ON)
DS(ON)
for both the top and bottom MOSFETs can be obtained
from the Typical Performance Characteristics curves. Thus,
to obtain I2R losses, simply add RSW to RL and multiply
the result by the square of the average output current.
Other losses including CIN and C
ESR dissipative
OUT
losses and inductor core losses generally account for less
than 2% of the total loss.
Checking Transient Response
The regulator loop response can be checked by looking
at the load transient response. Switching regulators take
several cycles to respond to a step in load current. When
a load step occurs, V
equal to ∆I
resistance of C
discharge C
LOAD(ESR)
OUT
generating a feedback error signal used
OUT
by the regulator to return V
During this recovery time, V
immediately shifts by an amount
OUT
, where ESR is the effective series
. ∆I
also begins to charge or
LOAD
to its steady-state value.
OUT
can be monitored for
OUT
overshoot or ringing that would indicate a stability problem.
The COMP pin external components and output capacitor
shown in Typical Application Circuit will provide adequate
compensation for most applications.
Thermal Considerations
For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute
maximum operation junction temperature 125° C.
The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal
resistance of IC package, PCB layout, the rate of
surroundings airflow and temperature difference between
junctions to ambient. The maximum power dissipation can
be calculated by following formula:
P
Where T
temperature 125°C, T
D(MAX)
= ( T
J(MAX)
− TA ) / θ
J(MAX)
JA
is the maximum operation junction
is the ambient temperature and the
A
θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance.
For recommended operating conditions specification of
RT8015, where T
is the maximum junction
J(MAX)
temperature of the die (125°C) and TA is the maximum
ambient temperature. The junction to ambient thermal
resistance for SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package is 75°C/W
on the standard JEDEC 51-7 (4 layers, 2S2P) thermal
test board. The copper thickness is 2oz. The maximum
power dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by
following formula:
P
= (125°C − 25°C) / (75°C/W) = 1.33W (SOP-8
D (MAX)
Exposed Pad on the minimum layout)
12
DS8015-03 March 2011www.richtek.com
The maximum power dissipation depends on operating
ambient temperature for fixed T
and thermal
J(MAX)
resistance θJA. For RT8015 package, the Figure 3 of derating curves allows the designer to see the effect of rising
ambient temperature on the maximum power allowed.
RT8015
The thermal resistance θJA of SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) is
determined by the package design and the PCB design.
However, the package design had been designed. If
possible, it’ s useful to increase thermal performance by
the PCB design. The thermal resistance θJA can be
decreased by adding a copper under the exposed pad of
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package.
As shown in Figure 4, the amount of copper area to which
the SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) is mounted affects thermal
performance. When mounted to the standard SOP-8
(Exposed Pad) pad (Figure 4.a), θJA is 75°C/W. Adding
copper area of pad under the SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) (Figure
4.b) reduces the θJA to 64°C/W. Even further, increasing
the copper area of pad to 70mm2 (Figure 4.e) reduces the
θJA to 49°C/W.
2.4
2
1.6
Copper Area
2
70mm
2
50mm
2
30mm
2
10mm
Min. layout
(a) Copper Area = (2.3 x 2.3) mm2, θJA = 75°C/W
(b) Copper Area = 10mm2, θJA = 64°C/W
(c) Copper Area = 30mm2, θJA = 54°C/W
1.2
0.8
Power Dissipation (W)
0.4
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ambient Temperature (°C)
(°C)
Figure 3. Derating Curve for Package
(d) Copper Area = 50mm2, θJA = 51°C/W
(e) Copper Area = 70mm2, θJA = 49°C/W
Figure 4. Thermal Resistance vs. Copper Area Layout
Thermal Design
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
13
RT8015
Layout Considerations
Follow the PCB layout guidelines for optimal performance of RT8015.
} A ground plane is recommended. If a ground plane layer is not used, the signal and power grounds should be segregated
with all small-signal components returning to the GND pin at one point that is then connected to the PGND pin close
to the IC. The exposed pad should be connected to GND.
} Connect the terminal of the input capacitor(s), C
, as close as possible to the PVDD pin. This capacitor provides the
IN
AC current into the internal power MOSFETs.
} LX node is with high frequency voltage swing and should be kept small area. Keep all sensitive small-signal nodes
away from LX node to prevent stray capacitive noise pick-up.
} Flood all unused areas on all layers with copper. Flooding with copper will reduce the temperature rise of power
components. You can connect the copper areas to any DC net (PVDD, VDD, VOUT, PGND, GND, or any other DC rail
in your system).
} Connect the FB pin directly to the feedback resistors. The resistor divider must be connected between VOUT and
GND.
CIN must be placed between VDD and
GND as closer as possible
C
V
V
IN
PVDD 4
R1
F R
OUT
COMP
R
R2
C
Connect the FB pin directly to feedback resistors. The
resistor divider must be connected between V
VDD
COMP
COMP
C
IN
Output capacitor must be
near RT8015
GND
RT8015
5
6 3
7
8
2
1
GND
C
OUT
PGND
LX
GNDFB
SHDN/RT
OUT
V
OUT
and GND.
LX should be
connected to
Inductor by wide
and short trace,
keep sensitive
compontents away
L1
from this trace
OSC
Figure 5
Table 1. Recommended Inductor
Component Supplier
Series Inductance (uH) DCR (mΩ) Current Rating (mA) Dimensions (mm)
TAIYO YUDEN NR 4018 2.2 60 2700 4.00 x 4.00 x 1.80
Sumida CDRH4D28 2.2 31.3 2040 4.50 x 4.50 x 3.00
GOTREND GTSD53 2.2 29 2410 5.00x 5.00 x 2.80
TAIYO YUDEN NR 4018 1.0 30 4000 4.00 x 4.00 x 1.80
Sumida CDRH4D28C/LD
1.0 17.5 3000 4.50 x 4.50 x 3.00
GOTREND GTSD53 1.0 15 4000 5.00x 5.00 x 2.80
Table 2. Recommended Capacitor
Component Supplier Part No. Capacitance (uF) Case Size
TDK C3225X5R0J226M 22 1210
TDK C3225X5R0J226M 22 1210
Panasonic ECJ4YB0J226M 22 1210
Panasonic ECJ4YB1A226M 22 1210
TAIYO YUDEN LMK325BJ226ML 22 1210
TAIYO YUDEN JMK316BJ226ML 22 1206
DS8015-03 March 2011www.richtek.com
14
Outline Dimension
RT8015
A
EXPOSED THERMAL PAD
(Bottom of Package)
J
I
Y
B
X
F
C
D
Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches
Symbol
Min Max Min Max
A 4.801 5.004 0.189 0.197
B 3.810 4.000 0.150 0.157
H
M
C 1.346 1.753 0.053 0.069
D 0.330 0.510 0.013 0.020
F 1.194 1.346 0.047 0.053
H 0.170 0.254 0.007 0.010
I 0.000 0.152 0.000 0.006
J 5.791 6.200 0.228 0.244
M 0.406 1.270 0.016 0.050
X 2.000 2.300 0.079 0.091
Option 1
Y 2.000 2.300 0.079 0.091
X 2.100 2.500 0.083 0.098
Option 2
Y 3.000 3.500 0.118 0.138
8-Lead SOP (Exposed Pad) Plastic Package
Richtek Technology Corporation
Headquarter
5F, No. 20, Taiyuen Street, Chupei City
Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel: (8863)5526789 Fax: (8863)5526611
Richtek Technology Corporation
Taipei Office (Marketing)
5F, No. 95, Minchiuan Road, Hsintien City
Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel: (8862)86672399 Fax: (8862)86672377
Email: marketing@richtek.com
Information that is provided by Richtek Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. Richtek reserves the right to make any change in circuit
design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. No third party intellectual property infringement of the applications should be
guaranteed by users when integrating Richtek products into any application. No legal responsibility for any said applications is assumed by Richtek.
DS8015-03 March 2011 www.richtek.com
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