Manual
Pellet Press PP25
Translation
Copyright
Copyright by
Retsch GmbH
Haan, Retsch-Allee 1-5
D-42781 Haan
Federal Republic of Germany
1 Notes on the Operating Manual ............................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Explanations of the safety warnings .................................................................................................. 6
1.2 General safety instructions ................................................................................................................ 7
1.3 Repairs ............................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Confirmation ........................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Transport, scope of delivery, installation .......................................................................................... 10
3.1 Packaging ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Transport.......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Temperature fluctuations and condensed water ............................................................................. 10
3.4 Conditions for the place of installation ............................................................................................. 10
3.5 Installation of the machine ............................................................................................................... 10
3.6 Type plate description ...................................................................................................................... 10
4 Technical data ....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Use of the machine for the intended purpose.................................................................................. 12
4.2 Feed size ......................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Pressure Range ............................................................................................................................... 12
4.4 Pressure Force ................................................................................................................................ 12
4.5 Dimensions and weight .................................................................................................................... 12
4.6 Required floor space ........................................................................................................................ 13
5 Operating the machine ........................................................................................................................ 14
5.1 Views of the Instrument ................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Overview table of the parts of the device ........................................................................................ 16
5.3 Preparing the Sample Material ........................................................................................................ 16
5.4 Instructions on Handling the Die Tool and the Pressing Plates ...................................................... 17
5.5 Operating the Die Tool ..................................................................................................................... 17
5.5.1 Preparing the die tool ................................................................................................................... 17
5.5.2 Filling sample material into the die tool ....................................................................................... 18
5.5.3 Pressing the tablet ....................................................................................................................... 19
5.5.4 Removing the Die Tool and Tablet (1) ......................................................................................... 20
5.5.5 Instructions on Handling the Die Tool and the Pressing Plates .................................................. 21
5.6 Die Tool – Alternative Insertion........................................................................................................ 21
5.6.1 Removing the Die Tool and Tablet (2) ......................................................................................... 22
5.7 Ventilation ........................................................................................................................................ 24
5.8 Pressure Test .................................................................................................................................. 25
5.9 Overpressure relief .......................................................................................................................... 25
6 Cleaning and service ........................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Cleaning ........................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2 Service ............................................................................................................................................. 25
7 Disposal ................................................................................................................................................. 26
8 Index ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Notes on the Operating Manual
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1 Notes on the Operating Manual
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This operating manual is a technical guide on how to operate the device safely and
it contains all the information required for the areas specified in the table of
contents. This technical documentation is a reference and instruction manual. The
individual chapters are complete in themselves.
Familiarity (of the respective target groups defined according to area) with the
relevant chapters is a precondition for the safe and appropriate use of the device.
This operating manual does not contain any repair instructions. If faults arise or
repairs are necessary, please contact your supplier or get in touch with Retsch
GmbH directly.
Application technology information relating to samples to be processed is not
included but can be read on the Internet on the respective device’s page at
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www.retsch.com.
Changes
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Subject to technical changes.
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Copyright
Disclosure or reproduction of this documentation, use and disclosure of its contents
are only permitted with the express permission of Retsch GmbH.
Infringements will result in damage compensation liability.
5
Notes on the Operating Manual
WARNING
Type of danger / personal injury
Source of danger
– Possible consequences if the dangers are not observed.
• Instructions on how the dangers are to be avoided.
WARNING
CAUTION
Type of danger / personal injury
Source of danger
– Possible consequences if the dangers are not observed.
• Instructions on how the dangers are to be avoided.
CAUTION
NOTICE
Nature of the property damage
Source of property damage
– Possible consequences if the instructions are not observed.
• Instructions on how the dangers are to be avoided.
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1.1 Explanations of the safety warnings
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In this Operating Manual we give you the following safety warnings
Serious injury may result from failing to heed these safety warnings. We give you
the following warnings and corresponding content.
We also use the following signal word box in the text or in the instructions on action
to be taken:
Moderate or mild injury may result from failing to heed these safety warnings.
We give you the following warnings and corresponding content.
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We also use the following signal word box in the text or in the instructions on action
to be taken:
In the event of possible property damage we inform you with the word
“Instructions” and the corresponding content.
We also use the following signal word in the text or in the instructions on action to
be taken:
NOTICE
6
Notes on the Operating Manual
CAUTION
Read the Operating Manual
Non-observance of these operating instructions
– The non-observance of these operating instructions can
result in personal injuries.
• Read the operating manual before using the device.
• We use the adjacent symbol to draw attention to the
necessity of knowing the contents of this operating
manual.
CAUTION
Changes to the machine
– Changes to the machine may lead to personal injury.
• Do not make any change to the machine and use spare parts and
accessories that have been approved by Retsch exclusively.
NOTICE
Changes to the machine
– The conformity declared by Retsch with the European Directives will lose
its validity.
– You lose all warranty claims.
• Do not make any change to the machine and use spare parts and
accessories that have been approved by Retsch exclusively.
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1.2 General safety instructions
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Target group : All persons concerned with the machine in any form
This machine is a modern, high performance product from Retsch GmbH and
complies with the state of the art. Operational safety is given if the machine is
handled for the intended purpose and attention is given to this technical
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documentation.
You, as the owner/managing operator of the machine, must ensure that the people
entrusted with working on the machine:
• have noted and understood all the regulations regarding safety,
• are familiar before starting work with all the operating instructions and
specifications for the target group relevant for them,
• have easy access always to the technical documentation for this machine,
• and that new personnel before starting work on the machine are familiarised
with the safe handling of the machine and its use for its intended purpose,
either by verbal instructions from a competent person and/or by means of
this technical documentation.
Improper operation can result in personal injuries and material damage. You are
responsible for your own safety and that of your employees.
Make sure that no unauthorised person has access to the machine.
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7
Notes on the Operating Manual
The Retsch representative in your country
Your supplier
Retsch GmbH directly
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Reperaturen
1.3 Repairs
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This operating manual does not contain any repair instructions. For your own
safety, repairs may only be carried out by Retsch GmbH or an authorized
representative or by Retsch service engineers.
In that case please inform:
Your Service Address:
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8
Confirmation
I have read and taken note of the contents of all chapters in this operating
manual as well as all safety instructions and warnings.
User
Surname, first name (block letters)
Position in the company
Signature
Service technician or operator
Surname, first name (block letters)
Position in the company
Place, date and signature
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Bestätigung
2 Confirmation
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This operating manual contains essential instructions for operating and maintaining
the device which must be strictly observed. It is essential that they be read by the
operator and by the qualified staff responsible for the device before the device is
commissioned. This operating manual must be available and accessible at the
place of use at all times.
The user of the device herewith confirms to the managing operator (owner) that
(s)he has received sufficient instructions about the operation and maintenance of
the system. The user has received the operating manual, has read and taken note
of its contents and consequently has all the information required for safe operation
and is sufficiently familiar with the device.
As the owner/managing operator you should for your own protection have your
employees confirm that they have received the instructions about the operation of
the machine.
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9
Transport, scope of delivery, installation
NOTICE
Transport
– Mechanical or electronic components may be damaged.
• The machine may not be knocked, shaken or thrown during
transport.
NOTICE
Temperature fluctuations
The machine may be subject to strong temperature fluctuations during transport
(e.g. aircraft transport)
– The resultant condensed water may damage electronic components.
• Protect the machine from condensed water.
NOTICE
Ambient temperature
– Electronic and mechanical components may be damaged and the
performance data alter to an unknown extent.
• Do not exceed or fall below the permitted temperature range of the
machine (5°C to 40°C / ambient temperature).
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3 Transport, scope of delivery, installation
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3.1 Packaging
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3.2 Transport
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3.3 Temperature fluctuations and condensed water
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The packaging has been adapted to the mode of transport. It complies with the
generally applicable packaging guidelines.
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3.4 Conditions for the place of installation
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3.5 Installation of the machine
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Installation height: maximum 2000 m above sea level
3.6 Type plate description
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10
Transport, scope of delivery, installation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
Fig. 1: Type plate marking
1 Instrument name
2 Year of manufacture
3 Article number
4 Serial number
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5 Manufacturer’s address
6 CE marking
7 Waste disposal marking
8 Barcode
When making enquiries, please quote the name of the instrument (1) or the article
number (3) and serial number (4) of the instrument.
11
Technical data
Display (t)
Pressure on pellet in kg/cm2 (pellet diameter in mm)
3 5 13
16
25
32
40
0.5
7151
2500
381
258
100
65
39
1.0
14290
5000
763
506
200
129
78
3.0
-
15000
2290
1518
600
386
234
5.0
- - 3890
2530
1000
645
390
10.0
- - 7630
5060
2000
1290
781
15.0
- - -
7590
3000
1935
1172
20.0
- - -
10120
4000
2580
1563
25.0
- - -
12650
5000
3225
1953
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4 Technical data
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4.1 Use of the machine for the intended purpose
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This manual hydraulic press for a 25-t pressure load is a Retsch laboratory
instrument and is suitable for, among other things, preparing samples for X-ray
fluorescence analysis and the potassium bromide pellet technique.
Safety discs made of polycarbonate and the ease in handling this press make it
very user-friendly.
The pressure gauge has a 0-40-t scale with increments of 0.5 tonnes. The
available working range amounts to a max. 147 mm.
(Spacing between the lower supporting space and the pressing face of the
threaded spindle)
The die tool can be evacuated with an appropriate pump and vacuum hoses. To
facilitate this, the die tool has a hose connection nipple for hoses with a nominal
width of 8 mm.
NOTE
This press is suitable only for pressing tablets in sizes of 1¼ inch (32 mm) and 40
mm and ejecting them out of the die tool. It accommodates die tools for tablets in
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the sizes 1¼ inch (32 mm) and 40 mm.
4.2 Feed size
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A fineness of <60µm or <40µm is recommended for the sample material for a
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subsequent X-ray fluorescence analysis of the sample pellet.
4.3 Pressure Range
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0-25 t
4.4 Pressure Force
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4.5 Dimensions and weight
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12
Technical data
Height: up to approx. 400 mm
Width: up to approx. 360 mm
Depth : up to approx. 300 mm
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Weight : net approx. 50kg
4.6 Required floor space
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360 mm x 300 mm; no safety spacing required
13
Operating the machine
A
C
D
E
B
H F G
K
L
J
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5 Operating the machine
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5.1 Views of the Instrument
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Fig. 2: Front view of the press
14
Operating the machine
M
N
O
P
R
S
PP
Fig. 3: View of the die tool
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15
Operating the machine
Element
Description
Function
A
Handle hand wheel
Grip for turning the hand wheel (hinged)
B
Hand lever
Lever for operating the pump
C
Hand wheel
For turning the spindle into the pressing position
D
Threaded spindle
For tensioning the die tool
E
Pressing chamber door
Protective equipment
F
Centring ring
Positioning aid for die tool (alternative use)
G
Die plate
Cover on the pressing cylinder
H
Shut-off valve
Valve for building up pressure
J
Pressure cylinder
Presses the sample against the spindle
K
Pressure display
Indicates the level of pressure in the hydraulic system
L
Suction cups
Hold the press in position
M
Plunger
Builds up pressure
N/O
Pressure piece
Surrounds the sample
P
Basic body of the die tool
Accommodates the pressing parts
R
Vacuum connection
Adapter for evacuation
S
Slide
Anvil for pellets
PP
Pressing plate
Plate to aid pellet ejection
CAUTION
Danger of personal injury
Dangerous nature of the sample
– Depending on the dangerous nature of your sample, take the
necessary measures to rule out any danger to persons.
• Observe the safety guidelines and datasheets of your
sample material.
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5.2 Overview table of the parts of the device
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5.3 Preparing the Sample Material
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These degrees of fineness can be achieved e.g. by grinding in a ball mill ,
preferably in the Retsch PM100; PM200; PM400; RS200 or MM400.
In most cases, particularly where hard materials are concerned, some wax powder
has to be mixed well with the ground sample before conducting the pressing
16
procedure.
Operating the machine
S
P
SB
Usually 20% wax is mixed in with the sample material. The mixing ratio here is 1
part wax and 4 parts sample material.
Essentially, this improves the durability and surface of the pellets for the
subsequent XRF analysis.
We recommend the Retsch MM400 for producing a homogeneous mixture of
sample material and the wax. Use a plastic beaker made of polystyrenefor mixing
(Art. no. 22.041.0003) and 4 grinding balls made of polyamide (Art. no.
05.368.0042).
The following parameters are recommended for the MM400 to ensure mixing
instead of grinding.
• Time = 2.00 min
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• Frequency = 15 Hz
5.4 Instructions on Handling the Die Tool and the Pressing Plates
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NOTE
Sample residue clinging to the die tool can be very corrosive depending on the
material and composition (e.g. salt residue) and cause irreparable damage to the
die tool. Please therefore clean the entire die tool thoroughly with water and then
with alcohol.
Store the die tool and its individual parts in as dry a place as possible until they are
used again.
Never scratch the pressing plates with a sharp object. You can remove hardened
sample residue with blotting paper or filter paper.
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To protect the pressing plates, put them into the supplied boxes after cleaning.
5.5 Operating the Die Tool
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5.5.1 Preparing the die tool
NOTE
Before using the die tool parts for the first time, please clean them with an organic
detergent in order to remove any oil residue.
• Remove every bit of dirt from the die tool.
Fig. 4: Inserting the slide
• • Push the slide (S) into the basic body of the die tool (P). The
ventilation or evacuation boreholes (SB) should point upwards during this
procedure.
17
Operating the machine
R
T
O
Fig. 5: Adapter for evacuating the die tool
NOTE
Make sure that the slide is pushed in as far as it will go. If you use the adapter (R)
for evacuating the die tool, it must protrude out of the back of the basic body.
Fig. 6: Inserting the lower pressure piece
The pressure pieces are ground and polished on one side.
• Insert a pressure piece (O) with the ground and polished side (T) facing
upwards.
Use an aluminium container to increase the durability of the pellets or if you have
not mixed any wax with the sample.
• Insert an aluminium container if required.
5.5.2 Filling sample material into the die tool
• If necessary, remove the grinding balls out of the sample material mixed with
wax.
18
Operating the machine
T D PW
J
H
B
t
N
Fig. 3: Filling in the sample
• Fill the sample material into the die tool (approx. 15 grams).
The pressure pieces are ground and polished on one side.
• Insert the second pressure piece (N) with the ground and polished side (T)
facing downwards.
• Insert the plunger (M) into the die tool.
Press the plunger (M) downwards so that the air cushion escapes.
5.5.3 Pressing the tablet
Fig. 4: Inserting the die tool
NOTE
Damage to the seals and constant loss of pressure
A constant build-up of pressure while the cylinder (J) is moved out to the full extent
damages the seals. There is a fine groove on the cylinder. This groove should not
be visible while the pressure is building up.
19
Operating the machine
S
PR
Avoid, extending the cylinder to its maximum height while the pressure is
building up.
• Turn the threaded spindle (D) upwards.
• Put the die tool (PW) on the pressure cylinder (J).
• Turn the threaded spindle downwards until it rests on the die tool.
• Close the valve (H) by turning in a clockwise direction.
• Build up the required pressure force (t) by moving the hand lever (B)
forwards and backwards.
5.5.4 Removing the Die Tool and Tablet (1)
NOTE
A quick drop in pressure can cause the pellets to break.
• Open the shut-off valve (H) very slowly by turning in an anti-clockwise
direction.
20
Fig. 5: After the Pressing Procedure
• Pull the slide (S) out of the die tool.
Fig. 6: Ejecting the pellet
• Close the valve (H) by turning in a clockwise direction.
Operating the machine
PR
• Build up some pressure force by moving the hand lever (B) forwards and
backwards until the pellet (PR) along with the pressure pieces fall out of the
die tool.
• Alternatively, you can press the pellet out of the die tool by turning
the threaded spindle (D).
• Open the shut-off valve (H) by turning in an anti-clockwise direction.
Fig. 7: Turning the die tool to allow removal
• Turn the die tool backwards by 180°.
• Remove the die tool.
• Then clean the die tool.
5.5.5 Instructions on Handling the Die Tool and the Pressing Plates
NOTE
Depending on the material and its composition, sample residue (e.g. salt residue)
clinging to the die tool can be very corrosive and cause irreparable damage to the
die tool. Please therefore clean the entire die tool thoroughly with water and then
with alcohol.
Store the die tool and its individual parts in as dry a place as possible until it is next
used.
Never scratch the pressing plates with a sharp object. You can remove hardened
sample residue with blotting or filter paper.
After cleaning them, keep the pressing plates in the accompanying boxes as
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protection.
5.6 Die Tool – Alternative Insertion
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In samples
• in which you cannot mix in any wax to stabilise the pellet or
• in unstable samples that are hard to compress
an alternative method of using the die tool is recommendable. This prevents pellets
falling when they are being ejected.
• Prepare the die tool and the sample as described in the previous chapter.
21
Operating the machine
CAUTION
F
PW
J
M
Fig. 8: Inserting the centring aid
• Insert the centring aid (F) if required.
Risk of fingers being pinched.
The plunger is loose! This means that there is a risk of the plunger (M) dropping
downwards when the die tool is being inserted.
• Hold the plunger (M) securely when inserting the die tool!
Fig. 9: The plunger drops down
Fig. 10: Inserting the die tool in a turned position
• • Using the slide, move the die tool (PW) upwards onto the pressure
cylinder (J).
• Close the valve (H) by turning in a clockwise direction.
• Build up the required pressure force (t) by moving the hand lever (B)
forwards and backwards.
5.6.1 Removing the Die Tool and Tablet (2)
NOTE
A quick drop in pressure can cause the pellets to break.
• Open the shut-off valve (H) very slowly by turning in an anti-clockwise
direction.
22
Operating the machine
CAUTION
S
PP
Fig. 11: After the pressing procedure
• • Pull the slide (S) out of the die tool.
Fig. 12: Inserting the pressing plate
• Turn the spindle upwards to some degree.
• Place the pressing plate (PP) onto the die tool.
• Close the valve (H) by turning in a clockwise direction.
Fig. 13: Alternative ejection of the pellets
Risk of fingers being pinched
The (P) die tool’s basic body drops downwards as the pellets are being ejected.
23
Operating the machine
CAUTION
M
• Make sure that you do not have any fingers between the basic body
and the plunger!
• Build up some pressure force by moving the hand lever (B) forwards and
backwards until the pellet (PR) and the pressure pieces are ejected from the
die tool.
• Open the shut-off valve (H) by turning in an anti-clockwise direction.
• Remove the pressing plate.
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5.7 Ventilation
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Fig. 14: Removing the pellet
• Remove the pellet.
Risk of fingers being pinched
The plunger is loose! This means that there is a risk of the plunger (M) dropping
downwards when you take the die tool out.
• Hold the plunger (M) securely when removing the die tool!
Fig. 15: The plunger falls down
• Remove the die tool.
• Close the side shut-off valve (H) by turning in a clockwise direction.
• Move the pump lever (B) very slowly several times forwards and backwards
until the pressure cylinder (J) moves approximately 1-2 mm upwards.
• Now open the shut-off valve in an anti-clockwise direction. This moves the
pressure cylinder downwards again.
24
Cleaning and service
G
ES
• Repeat these steps two or three times to remove all air bubbles out of the
press. Then conduct a pressure test.
(See the following Chapter on the pressure test)
If you do not reach the required pressure of 25 tonnes during the pressure test,
there must be air in the press still. In that case, proceed as follows:
• Remove the die tool.
Fig. 16:
• Pull the cylinder plate (G) upwards and off.
• Use the supplied hex key to loosen the ventilation screw (ES).
• Close the shut-off valve (H).
• Using the lever (B), pump very slowly until oil appears in the ventilation
opening (ES).
It may be necessary to wait until no more air bubbles rise upwards.
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• Then tighten the screw (ES) again and insert the pressing plate (G) again.
5.8 Pressure Test
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• Close the shut-off valve (H) by turning in a clockwise direction.
• Then pump by moving the hand levers forwards and backwards until a
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pressure of at least 25 t is indicated in the pressure display.
5.9 Overpressure relief
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There is an overpressure relief valve inside the press. This is set to 25-t. The
overpressure relief valve may be set only in the factory.
If the hand lever (B) is actuated when the set pressure of 25 t is actuated again,
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the safety valve prevents damage to the press.
6 Cleaning and service
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6.1 Cleaning
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Do not clean the press with running water. Use only a cloth dampened with water.
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Do not use any solvents or aggressive cleaning agents!
6.2 Service
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The press is for designed for many yearsof operation and requires only very little
servicing . From time to time, you should check if the threaded spindle on the press
can move easily.
• Clean and oil the press as required.
No further maintenance is needed.
25
Disposal
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7 Disposal
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Please observe the respective statutory requirements with respect to disposal.
Information on disposal of electrical and electronic machines in the European
Community.
Within the European Community the disposal of electrically operated devices is
regulated by national provisions that are based on the EU Directive 2002/96/EC on
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
Accordingly, all machines supplied after 13.08.2005 in the business-to-business
area to which this product is classified, may no longer be disposed of with
municipal or household waste. To document this they have the following label:
=== Ende der Liste für Textmarke Inhalt ===
Fig. 17: Disposal label
Since the disposal regulations within the EU may differ from country to country we
would request you to consult your supplier.
26
8 Index
A
Article number ..................................................... 11
B
Ball mill................................................................ 16
Barcode............................................................... 11
C
CE marking ......................................................... 11
Changes ............................................................... 5
Cleaning .............................................................. 25
Cleaning .............................................................. 25
Cleaning agents .................................................. 25
Cleaning and service .......................................... 25
Cloth.................................................................... 25
Conditions for the place of installation ................ 10
Confirmation ......................................................... 9
Copyright .............................................................. 5
H
Height ................................................................. 13
homogeneous mixture ....................................... 17
I
Installation height ............................................... 10
Installation of the machine ................................. 10
Instructions on Handling the Die Tool and the
Pressing Plates .............................................. 17
Instrument name ................................................ 11
K
kg/cm2 ................................................................ 12
M
Maintenance ...................................................... 25
Manufacturer’s address ..................................... 11
Many years of operation .................................... 25
Mixing ................................................................. 17
D
Depth .................................................................. 13
Description .......................................................... 16
Die Tool – Alternative Insertion .......................... 21
Dimensions and weight....................................... 12
Disposal .............................................................. 26
Disposal label ..................................................... 26
Durability ............................................................. 17
E
Explanations of the safety warnings ..................... 6
F
feed size ............................................................. 12
Fineness ............................................................. 12
Frequency ........................................................... 17
Function .............................................................. 16
G
General safety instructions ................................... 7
Grinding balls ...................................................... 17
Mixing ratio ......................................................... 17
Moderate or mild injury ........................................ 6
N
Notes on the Operating Manual ........................... 5
O
Operating the Die Tool ....................................... 17
Operating the machine....................................... 14
Overpressure relief ............................................ 25
Overview table of the parts of the device........... 16
P
Packaging .......................................................... 10
Pellet diameter ................................................... 12
Plastic beaker .................................................... 17
Polyamide .......................................................... 17
Polystyrene ........................................................ 17
Preparing the Sample Material .......................... 16
Pressure Force .................................................. 12
Pressure on pellet .............................................. 12
27
Pressure Range .................................................. 12
Pressure Test ..................................................... 25
property damage ................................................... 6
R
Repairs.................................................................. 8
Required floor space ........................................... 13
S
Safety warnings .................................................... 6
Serial number ..................................................... 11
serious injury ......................................................... 6
Service ................................................................ 25
Service Address .................................................... 8
Servicing ............................................................. 25
Solvents .............................................................. 25
Surface................................................................ 17
T
Transport ............................................................ 10
Transport, scope of delivery, installation ........... 10
type plate description ......................................... 10
Type plate marking ............................................ 11
U
Use of the machine for the intended purpose .... 12
V
Ventilation .......................................................... 24
Views of the Instrument ..................................... 14
W
Waste disposal marking ..................................... 11
Water.................................................................. 25
Wax .................................................................... 17
Wax powder ....................................................... 16
Weight ................................................................ 13
Width .................................................................. 13
Target group ......................................................... 7
Technical data .................................................... 12
Temperature fluctuation and condensed water .. 10
Threaded spindle ................................................ 25
Time .................................................................... 17
X
XRF .................................................................... 17
Y
Year of manufacture .......................................... 11
28
Copyright
® Copyright by
Retsch GmbH
Haan, Retsch-Allee 1-5
D-42781 Haan
Federal Republic of Germany
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