Radar Scanner
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Pathfinder
Radar
Scanners
Owner’s
Handbook
Document number: 81154_4
Date: 25th October 2000
Pathfinder Radar Scanners i
Pathfinder Radar Scanners Owners Handbook
October 2000
SAFETY NOTICES
This radar equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with the instructions contained in this manual. Failure to do
so can result in personal injury and/or navigational inaccuracies.
In particular:
1. High Voltage. The scanner unit contains high voltages. Adjust-
ments require specialised service procedures and tools only available to qualified service technicians – there are no user
serviceable parts or adjustments. The operator should never
remove the scanner unit internal covers or attempt to service the
equipment.
2. Electromagnetic Energy. The radar scanner transmits electro-
magnetic energy. It is important that the radar is turned off whenever personnel are required to come close to the scanner to
perform work on the scanner assembly or associated equipment.
It is recommended that the radar scanner is mounted out of range
of personnel (above head height).
Do not look directly at the antenna at close range as your eyes are
the most sensitive part of the body to electromagnetic energy.
When properly installed and operated, the use of this radar will
conform to the requirements of ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 Standard
for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 Hz to 300 GHz and NRPB,
Board Statement on Restrictions on Human Exposure to Static
and Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation, Doc
NRPB, No. 5 (1993).
3. Navigation Aid. This radar unit is only an aid to navigation. Its
accuracy can be affected by many factors, including equipment
failure or defects, environmental conditions, and improper handling or use. It is the user’s responsibility to exercise common
prudence and navigational judgements. This radar unit should not
be relied upon as a substitute for such prudence and judgement.
ii Pathfinder Radar Scanners
RAYTHEON MARINE products are supported by a network of
Authorized Service Representatives. For information on Raytheon
products and services, contact either of the following:
United States Raytheon Marine Company
Recreational Products
22 Cotton Road, Suite 280
Nashua
NH 03063-4219, USA
Telephone +1 603 881 5200
Fax +1 603 864 4756
www.raymarine.com
Europe Raytheon Marine Limited
Anchorage Park
Portsmouth
Hampshire PO3 5TD
England
Telephone +44 (0)23 9269 3611
Fax +44 (0)23 9269 4642
www.raymarine.com
Copyright © Raytheon Marine Company 2000
The technical and graphical information contained in this handbook, to the best of our knowledge, was correct as it went to press.
However, the Raytheon policy of continuous improvement and
updating may change product specifications without prior notice.
As a result, unavoidable differences between the product and
handbook may occur from time to time, for which liability cannot
be accepted by Raytheon.
Raytheon is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
SeaTalk is a registered trademark of Raytheon Marine Europe
Limited.
HSB is a trademark of Raytheon Marine Company.
Pathfinder is a trademark of Raytheon Marine Company.
Pathfinder Radar Scanners iii
Preface
This handbook describes the following Raytheon Pathfinder radar
scanners:
2D 18" 2 kW Radome Scanner
4D 24" 4 kW Radome Scanner
5S 48" 4 kW Open Array Scanner
7S 72" 4 kW Open Array Scanner
9S 48" 1 0 kW Open Array Scanner
11S 72" 10 kW Open Array Scanner
These scanner units may be connected to any HSB display unit. In
addition, the 2D and 4D radome scanner units may be connected
to SL70, or Autohelm 7" LCD display.
CAUTION:
The open array scanners must not be used with the SL70 or
Autohelm 7" LCD Display Unit. This may resu lt in damage to the
display due to the high power requirements of the open array
scanner.
The handbook contains very important information on the installation and operation of your new equipment. In order to obtain the
best results in operation and performance, please read this handbook thoroughly.
Raytheon’s Product Support representatives or your local dealer
will be available to answer any questions you may have.
Display Software Version
For full operation of the open array scanners, the display unit
requires an appropriate software version. For new displays, the
correct software version is normally already installed in the display unit and is fully compatible with the 2D and 4D radome
scanners.
Early display units may not have the correct software for use with
open array scanners and will therefore require upgrading.
The software version can be confirmed by switching-on the display and checking the version number during the magnetron
warm-up sequence.
iv Pathfinder Radar Scanners
Note: If a scanner unit is not connected the version number i s only
displayed for 10 seconds.
Where, necessary Software Upgrade Kits are available from your
dealer, distributor or from Raytheon Marine.
We recommend that where a repeater display is fitted, both the
repeater and the master display are upgraded.
Warranty
To register your Pathfinder Radar Scanner ownership, please take
a few minutes to fill out the warranty registration card found at the
end of this handbook. It is very important that you complete the
owner information and return the card to the factory in order to
receive full warranty benefits.
The radome scanner package includes a barcode label indicating
the serial number of the unit. This label should be stuck to the
warranty registration card.
The open array scanner has two barcode labels indicating the
serial numbers of the pedestal and the antenna units. Both labels
should be stuck to the warranty registration card.
EMC Conformance
All Raytheon equipment and accessories are designed to the best
industry standards for use in the leisure marine environment.
The design and manufacture of Raytheon equipment and accessories conform to the appropriate Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) standards, but correct installation is required to ensure that
performance is not compromised.
Contents v
Contents
Preface ................................................................................. iii
W arranty ...........................................................................iv
EMC Conformance ..........................................................iv
Chapter 1: Overview ...............................................................................1
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................1
EMC installation guidelines .............................................2
1.2 Unpacking and inspecting the components ......................4
1.3 Selecting the scanner unit site ........................................... 5
1.4 Cable runs ....................................................................... 11
Radome scanner cables ...................................................13
Open array scanner cables ...............................................16
Chapter 2: Installing the Scanner .......................................................21
2.1 Radome scanner .............................................................. 21
Securing the radome scanner to the mounting surface .... 21
Connecting the radome scanner inter-unit cable ............. 22
2.2 Open array scanner .........................................................27
Securing the pedestal to the mounting platform ..............28
Connecting the open array scanner inter-unit cable ........29
Fitting the open array to the pedestal ...............................33
2.3 System connections ........................................................34
DC power connection .....................................................34
Scanner connection .........................................................35
Display unit connection .................................................. 37
Chapter 3: Post Installation Checks and Maintenance ....................39
EMC Conformance ......................................................... 39
3.1 System Checks and Alignment .......................................39
System check .................................................................. 39
Set up, alignment and timing checks ............................... 39
72" open array position alignment ..................................40
3.2 Maintenance ....................................................................41
Warnings ......................................................................... 41
Routine Checks ...............................................................41
Servicing and Safety ....................................................... 41
3.3 Problem Solving .............................................................42
How to Contact Raytheon (US) ...................................... 43
How to Contact Raytheon (Europe) ................................ 44
W orldwide Support .........................................................45
vi Pathfinder Radar Scanners
Appendix A: Specification ...........................................................47
2D 18" Radome Scanner Unit ........................................47
4D 24" Radome Scanner Unit ........................................48
5S and 9S 48" Open Array Scanner Unit ........................50
7S and 11S 72" Open Array Scanner Unit ......................53
Index .......................................................................... i
Chapter 1: Overview 1
Chapter 1: Overview
1.1 Introduction
This handbook provides instructions to assis t you in the installation
and set up of the following radar scanners:
2D 18" 2 kW Radome Scanner
4D 24" 4 kW Radome Scanner
5S 48" 4 kW Open Array Scanner
7S 72" 4 kW Open Array Scanner
9S 48" 10 kW Open Array Scanner
11S 72" 10 kW Open Array Scanner
These scanner units may be connected to any HSB display un it. In
addition the 2D and 4D radome scanner units may be connected to
SL70, or Autohelm 7" LCD display .
A typical Pathfinder Radar system is illustrat ed below .
Scanner
HSB Series Display
GPS
Compass
NMEA
Distribution Panel
12/24V Supply
12V Supply
SeaTalk
12V Supply
Junction
Box
D4288-3
2 Pathfinder Radar Scanners
CAUTION:
Do not use the open array scanner with an SL70 or Autohelm 7"
LCD display unit. Failure to observe this may result in
permanen t damage to these disp lay units.
The 10 kW open array scanner requir es 24 V or higher; it will not
operate on 12 V systems.
This handbook is divided into three chapters as follows :
Chapter One provides an overview of the scanner installation. It
includes sections on Unpacking and Inspecting the Components,
Selecting the Scanner Site and a description of the Cable Runs.
Chapter Two pr ovides detailed instructions on how to mount and
connect each type of scanner.
Chapter Three provides instructions on how to perform the system
checks, alignment and adjustments. It also provi des information on
maintenance and what to do if you have problems.
EMC installation guidelines
All Raytheon equipment and accessories are designed to the best
industry standards for use in the leisure marine environment.
Their design and manufacture conforms to the appropriate
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards, but correct
installation is required to ensure that performance is not
compromised. Although every effort has been ta ken to ensure that
they will perform under all conditions, it is importa nt to understand
what factors could affect the operation of the product.
The guidelines given here describe the conditions for opti mum EMC
performance, but it is recognized that it may not be possible to meet
all of these conditions in all situations. T o ensure the best possible
conditions for EMC performance within the constraints imposed by
any location, always ensure the maximum separation possible
between different items of electrical equipment.
For optimum EMC perform ance, it is recommended that wherever
possible:
• Raytheon equipment and cables connected to it are:
• At least 1 m (3 ft) from any equipment transmitting or cables
carrying radio signals e.g. VHF radios, cables and antennas.
Chapter 1: Overview 3
In the case of SSB radios, the distance should be increased to
2 m (7 ft).
• More than 2 m (7 ft) from the path of a radar beam. A radar
beam can normally be assumed to spread 20 degrees above
and below the radiating element.
• The equipment is supplied from a separate battery from that used
for engine start. Voltage drops below 10 V (20 V for 10 kW open
array scanners) in the power supply to our products, and starter
motor tra nsients , can caus e the equip ment to re set. Thi s will not
damage the equipment, but may cause the loss of some information and may change the operating mode.
• Raytheon specified cables are used at all times. Cutting and
rejoining these cables can compromise EMC performance and so
must be avoided unless doing so is detail ed in the installation
manual.
• If a suppression ferrite is attached to a cable, this ferrite should not
be removed. If the ferrite needs to be removed during installation
it must be reassembled in the same position. Section 2.1 Installing
the Radome Scanner includes instructions on fitting a ferri te.
The following illustration show s a typical range of suppression
ferrites fitted to Raytheon equipment.
D3548-2
Connections to Other Equipment
If your Raytheon equipment is to be connected to other equipment
using a cable not supplied by Raytheon, a suppressi on ferrite MUST
always be fitted to the cable close to the Raytheon unit.
4 Pathfinder Radar Scanners
1.2 Unpacking and inspecting the components
Unpack your system carefully , to prevent damage to the equipment. It
is good practice to save the carton and packing for future use, in case
you need to return the unit for service. Check that you have all the
correct system components. These depend on your system package,
as detailed in the following tables.
Table 1-1: Radome scanners
Item Part No. Supplied with:
Option
for:
2D 18" 2 kW Radome Scanner
2DE 18" 2 kW Radome Scanner
4D 24" 4 kW Radome Scanner
Inter-unit cable 15 m heavy
Inter-unit cable 25 m heavy
Inter-unit cable 10 m light
Inter-unit cable 15 m light
Extension cable 5 m
Extension cable 10 m
Mast Mount 18" Scanner
Mast Mount 24" Scanner
Radar Interface adapter
(To fit radome to M88390 type 18"
mast mount)
Radome mounting interface plate M92731 - 2D
Supplied with HSB Series Display Unit
Supplied with HSB Series Display Unit
Supplied with HSB Series Display UnitSupplied with HSB Series Display Unit
Fer rite Cla mp
M92650
M92650E
M92652
M92668
M92669
M92692
M92720
M92699
M92700--
M92722
M92698--
M92721 - 2D
R55007 - Both
US Version
European Version
-
4D
2D (US version)
2D (Europe version)
-
-
-
Both
-
-
Both
Both
2D
4D
Table 1-2: Open array scanners
Item Part No. Supplied with: Option for:
4 kW Scanner Pedestal
10 kW Scanner Pedestal
48" Open Array
72" Open Array
Inter-unit cable 15 m heavy
Inter-unit cable 25 m heavy
Cable kit: 5 m +10 m extension
(To fit open array scanner on a
radar arch)
M92654
M92655
M92693
M92743
M92728
M92705
E55017
5S, 7S
9S, 11S
(
24/32V only)
5S, 9S
7S, 11S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5S,7S, 9S, 11S
5S, 7S, 9S, 11S
(
24/32V only)
5S, 7S, 9S,11S
Chapter 1: Overview 5
Table 1-2:Open array scanners
Item Part No. Supplied with: Option for:
Extension cable 5m
Extension cable 10m
Software Upgrade Kit Please contact your authorized dealer or
M92699
M92700--
distributor for details
1.3 Selecting the scanner unit site
This section provides information that affects the possible locations
of the scanner, and its position relative to the display unit and t o the
power supply .
The dimensions of the each scanner unit are shown in the following
diagrams.
Selecting the best location for the scanner unit requires careful
consideration of the following points, to ensure reliable and trouble
free operation:
Note: In order to minimize potential interference to other sys tems on
board ship (EMC), it is advisable to mo unt the scanner on a part of
the boat that is insulated from the ship’s bat tery negative. If you cannot do this, and encounter problems, you can fit insulating bus hes between the scanner and its mounting bracket.
• Height: The scanner unit should normally be mounted as high as
practical above the waterline, for three reasons:
• For safety reasons the scanner should be out of range of per-
sonnel, preferably above head height. This avoids mechanical
danger and electromagnetic contact, particularly with the
eyes.
• Radar operates at the line-of-sight, so a high mounting posi-
tion gives better long range performance.
• Surrounding large objects, in the same horizontal plane, can
interfere with the radar signal and cause blind areas or shadow
sectors and false targets on the radar screen (see below).
However, do not mount the scanner so high that it is affected by
the pitching and rolling of the vessel. In addition, you may need to
lower the scanner to avoid creating a shadow sector underneath
the scanner’s beam.
5S, 7S, 9S, 11S
(24/32V only)
5S, 7S, 9S, 11S
6 Pathfinder Radar Scanners
151.25 mm (5.95 in)
141.5 mm (5.6 in)
185.15 mm (7.3 in)
Rear
Rear
Rear
(4.6 in)
116.5 mm
302.5 mm (11.9 in)
468 mm (18.4 in) dia.
233 mm (9.2 in)
Weight: 6.5 kg (14.3 lbs)
Compass safe distance: 1 m (33 in)
18" Radome Scanner
402 mm (15.8 in)
599 mm (23.6 in) dia.
227 mm (8.9 in)
D3224_4
227 mm (8.9 in)
141.5 mm (5.6 in)
Rear
(4.6 in)
116.5 mm
233 mm (9.2 in)
Weight: 7.5 kg (16.5lbs)
Compass Safe Distance: 1m (33")
24" Radome Scanner
D3228_5
Chapter 1: Overview 7
Open Array Scanners
48"- 1306 mm (51.4 in), 72"- 1918 mm (75.5 in)
Centre of rotation
100 mm (4 in)
427 mm (16.8 in)
140 mm (5.5 in)
Centre of rotation
406 mm (16 in)
296 mm (11.65 in)
150 mm (6 in)
Weight
Pedestal: 24 kg (53.0 lb)
48" Open Array: 6 kg (13.2 lb)
72" Open Array: 9.4 kg (20.7 lb)
Compass Safe Distance: 1 m (33 in)
Minimum clearance 630 mm (24.8 in)
70 mm
(2.75 in)
Minimum clearance height 510 mm (20.1 in)
D4572-3
8 Pathfinder Radar Scanners
• Access: The scann er unit site sh ould be easily accessible to allow
maintenance to be carried out safely .
• Magnetic compass: Mount the scanner unit at least 1 m away
from a magnetic compass.
• Cable run: The maximum length of cable between the display
unit and the scanner unit should not normally exceed 20 m (60 ft)
for radome scanners, or 15 m (45 ft) for open array scanners. If
you need to use a longer cable power cable lengths must be considered, refer to Section 1.4 Cable Runs to determine appropriate
lengths.
• Shadow sectors and false echoes: Mount the scanner away from
large structures or equipment, such as the fly bridge, large engine
stacks, searchlights, horns, or masts. It is particularly important to
avoid shadow sectors near the bow . Raising or even lowering the
scanner may help to reduce these effects.
In shadow areas beyond the obstruction there will be a reduction
of the beam intensity , although not necessarily a complete cut-of f;
there will be a blind sector if the subtended angle is more than a
few degrees.
In some shadow sectors the beam intensity may not be suf ficient
to obtain an echo from a very small object, even at close range,
despite the fact that a large vessel can be detected at a much
greater range. For this reason the angular width and relative bearing of any shadow sector must be determined at installat ion.
Sometimes shadowing can be seen by increasing the radar gain
until noise is present. Dark sectors indicate possible shadowed
areas. This information should be posted near the display unit and
operators must be alert for targets in these blind sectors.
It should also be noted that wet s ails create shadow areas and thus
sail boat operators should be aware that radar performance may
reduce in rain.
If you mount the scanner on a mast, echoes from the mast may
appear on the radar display . These can be minimized by placing
absorbing material, such as a block of wood, between the scanner
and mast.
• Platform rigidity/stability: The scanner platform should not
twist (causing bearing errors) or be subject to excessive vibration.
• Heat/fumes: Mount the scanner away from the top of exhaust
stacks, since the scanner and cables can be damaged by excessive
heat and the corrosive effects of exhaust gases.
Chapter 1: Overview 9
For open array scanners you should also consider the followi ng
points:
• Mounting Platform: The platform must be mechanically secure
and capable of supporting the mass and inertia of the open array
scanner. The complete unit weighs: 48" scann er - 30 kg (66.2 lb);
72" scanner - 33.4 kg (73.7 lb).
• The site must be clear of ropes and moving rigging.
• Sufficient clearance must be allowed to fully open the open array
pedestal for maintenance.
Mounting surface: sailboats
The scanner unit can be installed on a mast platform, an arch, or a
bridge structure. Make sure that the platform surface is flat and the
scanner unit drain hole (radome scanners) is not obstructed.
Raytheon recommends that radome scanner units are best suited for
sailboat operation as open array systems are more dif ficult to protect
from ropes and sails.
For sailboat installations, Raytheon offers a universal mast mount ki t
for each radome scanner type. This optional mount is used to fit a
radome scanner to a flat surface on a mast with a minimum diameter
of 60 mm (2½ in). When using the mast mount ki t, appropriate
hardware should be used for the style and structure of the mast aboard
the vessel. T ypically , the scanner will be mounted near the first set of
mast spreaders. If there is any doubt concerning the appropriate type
of hardware, consult your boat dealer or representative for their
recommendations.
Depending on the type of sailboat, a radar scanner guard should be
installed if the sails could touch the scanner or platform. W ithout a
proper radar guard the mounting platform an d the radar scanner could
be severely damaged.
Mounting surface: power boats
On many small vessels the scanner unit can be installed on a mast
platform, an arch, or a bridge structure, but take care to follow the
scanner site guidelines, particularly regarding height . If necessary ,
construct a radar mounting platform to obtain a suf ficiently high
mounting position. Make sure that the platform surface is flat and the
scanner unit drain hole (radome scanners) is not obstructed. Ensure
the platform is strong enough to support the maximum s hock loads
likely to occur.
10 Pathfinder Radar Scanners
Setting the radiation plane
The scanner unit should be mounted so that the array rotates parall el
to the waterline. The radar beam is approximately 25° wide in the
vertical direction, providing good target det ection during the vessel’s
pitching and rolling.
12.5˚
12.5˚
Waterline
Ideal Radiation Plane
Planing hull vessels, and some displacement hull vessels, adopt a
higher bow angle when the vessel is at its cruising speed. In many
cases this substantially alters and raises the radar’s main radiation
plane, and can cause poor detection of nearby targets. It may be
helpful to lower the radar beam back towards the parallel, by
shimming th e rear of th e radar , so that the beam p oints slig htly
downwards with respect to the waterline when the vessel is at rest.
D3223-2
Wedge or
washers
Forward
Using shims to lower the main beam
D3229-3
The shims may be made from aluminium plate wedges, simple flat
washers, or an angled wooden block. For thick shims, you may need
longer securing bolts than the M8x40 bolts supplied with the radome
scanner, or the M10 studdi ng supplied with the open array scanners.
Chapter 1: Overview 11
1.4 Cable runs
Y ou need to consider the following before installing the system
cables:
• Y ou need to fit the inter-unit cable and the power cable.
• All cables should be adequately clamped and protected from
physical damage and exposure to heat - avoid running cabl es
through bilges or doorways, or close to mo ving or hot objects.
• Acute bends must be avoided.
• Where a cable passes through an exposed bulkhead or deckhead,
a watertight gland or swan neck tube should be used .
• Avoid cutting and re-joining cables (if necess ary, refer to the notes
below).
Y ou need to run the following cables:
CAUTION:
Do not pull the cable through bulkheads using a cord attached to
the connector . This could damage the connections.
• Inter-unit cable. A vinyl-covered and shielded cable is supplied
with the radome scanner unit. The cable has a connector plug at
one end for connecting to the display unit or exten sion cable; the
other end of the radome scanner cable is fitted with an 8-wa y plug
and power cores (covered by a clear protective sleeve) for connecting to the scanner.
For open array scanners, various length cables are available.
These cables have a connector plug at one end for connecting to
the display unit or extension cable; th e other end is prepared ready
to fit to the power and signal connectors (see Section 2.2)
• Power cable. The scanner receives power via the display unit; the
power cable is supplied with the display unit. How ever, cable
details are provided in this section.
Rejoining Cables
Y ou should avoid cut ting and re-joining cables. If this is necessary
you must:
• Fit a ferrite on each side of the join. The specif ic ferrite to use
depends on the cable type - contact Raytheon Marine for details.
• Take care not to damage any of the wires. Make sure that all the
wires and, in particular, the screen are reconnected correctly .
12 Pathfinder Radar Scanners
If you are mounting the scanner on the mast of a sailboat, and will
need to unstep the mast, you should inst all a suitable junction box
inside the boat.
On a radome scanner, the junction b ox should provide an 11 - or 13way terminal strip, depending on the number of power cores in your
cable, with a 10 A rating. Also, you should keep the length of t he unscreened coaxial cores to less than 30 mm to maintain EMC
conformance.
On an open array scanner, the j unction box should provide a 13-way
terminal strip with a 20 A rating for power cores. It is essential that all
4 power cores are connected and that the connection is of very low
resistance as considerable power passes through this connection.
Also, you should keep the length of the un-screened coaxial cores to
less than 30 mm to maintain EMC conformance.
Inter-unit cable
The inter-unit cable entrance is at the rear of the scanner unit. If the
unit is mounted on a holl ow mast the cable may be run inside the mast
and then fed through the radar’s cable entrance. Make sure that the
cable does not chafe where it enters and exits the mast.
Note: Rout e the cable from the display up t o the scanner , since this
will require the smallest clearance hole.
CAUTION:
The display connector on the inter-unit cable is a moulded plug
that cannot be replaced. DO NOT r emove this moulded plug.
The inter-unit cable, for connecting the scanner to the display unit,
depends on your scanner package as follows:
Table 1-3: Inter Unit Cables required for each Scanner Type
Scanner Package Inter-Unit Cable
2D (US) 10 m light (2 power cores)
2DE (European) 15 m light (2 power cores)
4D 15 m heavy (4 power cores)
5S, 7S (4 kW) and 9S, 11S (10 kW)
All 10 kW systems require a
Note:
minimum of 24 V.
15 m heavy or radar arch kit
(5 m + 10 m extension)
25 m heavy (24/32 V systems only)
The minimum bends permitted are:
Minimum bend, light cable 60 mm (~2.5 in) radius
Minimum bend, heavy cable 82 mm (~3.75 in) radius
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