Radio Shack TRS-80, Model III Owner's Manual
®
Disk
Model
System
TRSDOS™ Disk
Disk
BASIC Programming Language
Owner's
Mini-Disk Operation
Operating System
Manual
IH
Radio
The biggest name in
CUSTOM
MANUFACTURED
/hack
little computers
IN THE
™
USA BY RADIO
SHACK
H
A DIVISION
OF
::
;
--
*
TANDY
CORPORATION
The FCC Wants You
to Know . .
.
This equipment
generates and
uses
radio frequency
energy. If not installed and
used prop-
erly, that is, in
strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions,
it may
cause
interfer-
ence to
radio and television
reception.
It has
been
type
tested and found to comply with the limits for
a Class B computing
device
in accordance with the
specifications
in Subpart
J
of Part 15 of FCC
Rules, which are
designed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference
in
a
residential instal-
lation.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
in a particular
installation.
If this
equipment
does
cause interference to radio or television reception,
which can
be
determined
by
turning the
equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged
to
try
to correct the
interference by
one or more of the following measures:
•
Reorient the
receiving antenna
•
Relocate the
computer with respect to the receiver
•
Move the computer away
from the receiver
•
Plug the computer
into
a
different outlet
so
that
computer and receiver are
on different
branch
circuits.
If
necessary, you should
consult the dealer or
an experienced radio/television
technician for
additional
suggestions. You may find the following booklet
prepared by the Federal
Com-
munications Commission
helpful: How
to
Identify
and Resolve Radio-TV
Interference
Problems.
This booklet is available
from
the US Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC
20402,
Stock No.
004-000-00345-4.
Warning
This
equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for
a
Class
B computing device,
pursuant to Subpart J
of Part 15 of FCC Rules. Only
peripherals (computer input/output
devices,
terminals, printers, etc.) certified to comply with the Class
B limits may
be
attached
to
this computer.
Operation with non-certified peripherals
is likely to result in interference
to
radio and TV
reception.
CHANGE
OF
ADDRESS
NOTE
:
If
you move,
please
fill
out this
card
and return
it
so that
you may continue
to
receive
information
regarding
this
program.
13070181
Version/Date
7R-0312
Purchase
Date
NEW ADDRESS:
Name
Company
Address _
City
State
Zip
Cat
No.
OLD
ADDRESS
Name
Company
Address
_
City
State
Zip
CHANGE
OF
ADDRESS
NOTE
:
If
you
move,
please
fill
out this
card and
return
it
so that
you may continue
to
receive
information
regarding
this
program.
Purchase
Date
I30701S7
Version/Date
cat no.
26
-0312
NEW ADDRESS:
OLD ADDRESS:
Name
Name
Company
Company
Address
Address
City
City
State
Zip
State
7jn
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
USE
1
.
Register
one
software
package
per card only.
2.
Complete the
Software
Registration
portion
of this
form
and mail
it
immediately.
The
Catalog No.
may
be found
by examining
the
upper-right
corner
of your diskette.
3. For
convenience
a change
of
address
card has
been
included.
Copy
all
information
from the
Registration
Card
onto it prior
to sending
the
Registration
Card.
Computer
Merchandising
P.O.
Box 2910
Fort
Worth,
Texas
761 1
3-291
Attn :
Software
Registration
Computer
Merchandising
P.O.
Box 2910
Fort
Worth,
Texas
761 1
3-291
Attn:
Software
Registration
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
Model
III
Users
XFERSYS UTILITY
ON TRSDOS 1.3
The Model
III
diskette
in this package
contains a NEW
version of TRSDOS which
is not compatible with
OLD
versions
of TRSDOS.
OLD TRSDOS diskettes
to be used
under
the NEW
TRSDOS
MUST
be XFERSYSed
before
use. Once
XFERSYSed,
an OLD TRSDOS
diskette becomes
a NEW TRSDOS
diskette
and
should
not
be
used with
OLD TRSDOS again.
If
you started
with
an OLD
system
or data diskette,
the
XFERSYSed
diskette
will be a
NEW
system or data diskette
respectively.
OLD diskettes
used under
NEW TRSDOS
without
XFERSYSing, may
cause
extraneous information
to
be
read
at
the
end of
files, giving
a false End-of-File
(EOF)
indication.
Some
programs
will not function
properly
under
these
conditions.
NEW diskettes used under OLD TRSDOS, may
not access
all
data and/or NEW programs may not run correctly.
If
you need to use the XFERSYS utility,
see the TRSDOS
section of your TRS-80 Model III
Disk System Owner's
Manual.
Note: When changing from one
TRSDOS to the other,
you MUST
press the RESET button each
time the
diskette in
Drive is changed.
You may also
XFERSYS onto a
NEW
data
disk. If this is done, all
system files of
the
system
diskette will be moved
onto the data
diskette.
RADIO
SHACK APPLICATION PROGRAMS
WHICH WERE
DELIVERED
ON AN
OLD TRSDOS DISKETTE
SHOULD NOT BE
XFERSYSed.
OLD: TRSDOS 1.1 and 1.2.
NEW:
TRSDOS 1.3
file: A
collection of information
stored as one
named
unit in the
directory.
program:
A file
which causes
the computer to
perform
a function.
data:
Information
contained
in a
file which
is
used
by a
program.
system
diskette:
A diskette
containing
TRSDOS.
When this
diskette
is
placed in Drive
and the
RESET
button is pressed,
TRSDOS will
begin
to run.
data
diskette: A
diskette which
does not
contain
TRSDOS.
If this diskette
is
placed in Drive
and
RESET is
pressed,
the screen
will clear
and
"Not a SYSTEM
Disk" will
be displayed.
XFERSYS:
A
program
contained
on the
TRSDOS
1.3
diskette.
8759117-681
Tips On
Loading Disk
basic
There are several ways, other than
those
described in
the manual,
to start
up
Disk
basic.
basic program -F.files -m: address
program is a trsdos
file
specification
for
a
Disk
basic program. After
start-up,
Disk
basic
will run the
program. This
is optional.
-f: files
tells Disk
basic the maximum
number of files that may be open
at one
time, files
is
a
number from to
15. This is
optional; if omitted, 3 is used. If Variable
length files are
needed, you
must
include the suffix
v
after
files; otherwise, files
will
be Fixed length.
-w.address
tells
Disk basic not to use
memory above the specified address.
This is optional; if
omitted,
Disk
basic
uses
all memory up to
Top.
If all options are
omitted,
Disk basic will prompt with HON
MANY FILES?
and MEMORY?
The options allow you
to
specify any or all of the following:
•
A program to
run after Disk
basic is started.
•
The
maximum number
of
data
files that may be Open at one time. The larger the number of files,
the less
area
available for storing and
executing your programs.
(Note: Each
Fixed length file
takes
up 360
bytes and
each Variable length
file
takes up
616
bytes of memory.)
•
The
highest
address to be used by
Disk basic during program execution. Omit this unless you are
going to
call
machine-language subroutines.
Examples
,
f
s
Under
trsdos
ready,
if
you type:
BASIC fENTER
j
,
Disk basic
will enter the command mode
once you answer the
files and
memory
prompts.
BASIC
-
F : 1 (INTER].Disk
basic will Open one fixed length file
and protect no memory.
BASIC
-M : 32000 CENTER
),
Disk basic will Open three fixed length
files and will
use
memory no
higher than
32000.
BASIC
PAYROLL
-F:3M
.
OTTER
),
Disk basic will start-up, then
load and run the basic
program
called payroll;
three variable length files can
be
Opened, and basic can
use
all
available
memory.
Note:
If you
PATCH Disk
basic
to
prompt
you
for cassette
speed
when
you
enter Disk basic,
you
will still
be
prompted
with CASS' no
matter which option
you use.
Important
Note
for Model III trsdos
1.3 Users!
The 1.3
version
of trsdos
will return with ERROR 31 (PROGRAM NOT
FOUND) when
you
attempt to use
the
ROUTE
command.
Thank-You!
Radio
/hack
I
A
Division
of
Tandy
Corporation
-
8759109
Model
III
Manual
Radio
/hack®
]H
A
DIVISION
OF TANDY
CORPORATION
FORT
WORTH, TEXAS
76102
TRS-80*
Model III Disk
System
Owner's
Man-
ual:
©
1980 Tandy
Corporation,
Fort Worth,
Texas
76102
U.S.A. All
Mights Reserved.
Reproduction
or use,
without
express
written
per-
mission
from Tandy
Corporation
or any
portion
of
this
manual
is
prohibited.
While
reasonable
efforts
have
been taken
in the
preparation
of this
manual
to assure
its
accuracy,
Tandy
Corporation
assumes
no liability
resulting
from
any errors
or
omissions
in
this manual
or from
the
use of
the
information
obtained
herein.
Model
III
TMSDOS™
Operating
System:
© 1980
Tandy
Corporation,
Fort
Worth,
Texas
76102
U.S.A.
All Rights
Reserved.
Model III
BASIC Software:
© 1980 Tandy
Cor-
poration and
Microsoft. All
Rights
Reserved.
The
system software in the
Model III
microcom-
puter is retained in
a read-only
memory
(ROM)
format.
All portions of
this system
software,
whether
in the
ROM format
or other source
code
form
format, and the
ROM circuitry
are
copy-
righted
and are the proprietary
and trade
secret
information of
Tandy Corporation
and
Microsoft.
Use, reproductions,
or publication
of any
portion
of this
material without
the prior written
authori-
zation
by Tandy Corporation
is strictly
prohibited.
10
9876543
OWNER'J
To
Our
Customers
Congratulations
on your
purchase of the
Model III Disk
System.
We
think it's a
valuable
tool which
will save you
work
as
well as
give
you
hours of
enjoyment
(or
maybe
both at
once). You'll
have all the
power of the
non-disk Model III,
plus
the
following
features:
•
Your
Computer
can now be
controlled by trsdos™
,
the
powerful trs-80 Disk
Operating
System, trsdos is
included on a
diskette with the
Disk System.
•
Using
trsdos, you
can run a wide
variety of programs,
such as the Disk
basic
interpreter
included
on the trsdos
diskette.
a
Each
"system" diskette
has approximately
126,720 bytes
of storage available
for
your
own programs and data;
each "data"
diskette has 178,944
bytes
available.
8
You can
load
and save data at
the approximate
rate of 250,000
bits per second.
•
Your
system
can
continue to
grow
in
power and
convenience. When
Radio
Shack
issues
improvements and
enhancements to
the system
programs, you
can
"install"
them simply by
obtaining a
new release of the
trsdos diskette.
Model
III
Manuals
Publications
related to
the use of the
Model III Disk
System:
1
.
Model
III Disk
System
Owner's Manual (this
manual). We'll
call it the "Disk
Manual"
for short.
2.
Model
111 Disk
System Quick Reference
Card.
3.
Model III
Operation
and basic Language Reference
Manual, the "Model III
Manual"
for short.
4.
Model
HI
basic Quick Reference
Card.
For
Disk
Operation:
This
Disk
Manual
supplements the
Model III
Manual. Use the Disk
Manual
as
the
primary
source
of information;
we'll tell you when to
refer to the
non-disk
Model
III
Manual
.
For
Non-Disk
Operation:
To use
the
Computer
as a non-disk
system, all you
need is the
Model III
Manual.
For
Programming
Information:
The
Model III
Manual
contains most of the
programming
information, except
that
which
pertains to disk
input/output. In
this manual, we
will assume that you
r
i
1
L
J—
TRS-80
MODEL
111 DI
SK SYSTEM
are familiar with the basic
programming
definitions
and details given
in the
Model III Manual.
About This
Manual
The Model III Disk System
is intended
for use by novices
as well
as
experienced
computer operators
and programmers.
In designing
and writing
this
Disk
Manual,
we've
tried to define
and satisfy
the needs
of both
groups:
-
Novices who
might prefer a sequential
presentation
which
emphasizes
procedures and explains the
purpose of various
features.
•
Experienced users who
might prefer
a more analytical
presentation which
makes
it easy to find specific
information.
In
this manual, you'll find information
that should satisfy
your needs,
whichever
group you might belong
to.
The
"Sample Sessions"
are especially
geared for novices,
while the
Technical
Information
chapters are for the
more experienced
users.
Keep in
mind,
however, that
it isn't
necessary
to read the entire
manual
to
operate the Disk System, if
you are only
interested in
Disk basic,
for example,
read
the Operation section of this
book and
then turn directly
to the
Disk basic
section.
You
can
then go back to the trsdos
section
when
you need
to.
Special Terms
Even
in the non-technical sections
of this manual, we've
had
to use
numerous
special
terms. Rather than scattering
and repeating
definitions
throughout
the
book, we have
used the following
convention which we
hope
you'll
find
helpful.
Special terms which
are fully defined in
another part of
the manual
are
printed in
boldface. Look up
the
word
or phrase in
the Index; this will
tell
you where
the
word
is fully defined.
OWNER'S
MANUAL
Contents
Operation
Installation
1
Operation
4
Diskettes
•
•
5
fj
Description Care
System
Start-Up
6
Important
Disk Operations
8
backup
format
Model 1/ III
Conversion
Disk
basic
H
Quick
Instructions
Start-Up
Loading
Baud Rate
Troubleshooting
and
Maintenance
13
Notation
and
Abbreviations
14
Specifications
15
TRSDOS
Description
of
trsdos
17
Roles
basic
ram Use
Memory
Map
Using
trsdos
20
Commands
20
Entering
Syntax
Forms
File
Specification
• •
22
File
Name
•
23
Drive
Specification
23
Password
24
A
Few
Important
Definitions
24
Library
Commands
26
Utility
Commands
.........
67
Technical
Information
......
74
Disk
Organization
File
Structure
Systems
Routines
(I/O)
trsdos
Error
Codes/Messages
....................................
90
Ja»
TRS-80
MODEL
111 DISK
SYSTEM
Disk
BASIC
Introduction
................
91
Enhancements
to Model III Disk
basic
.............................
93
Abbreviations
Commands
Disk-Related Features
116
File Manipulation
File
Access
Methods of File Access
.............................
145
Sequential
Q
Random
Disk
basic Error Codes/Messages
................................
155
Appendix
A/Tips
On Loading Disk BASIC
.156
Index
.157
Customer Information
160
Warranty ....... ..................................
Back Cover
iv
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
Vi
=Tirt!
ION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
t^
Installation
First
set up
the
Computer according to
the
instructions in the Model III Manual.
If you
have a one- or
two-drive system,
installation
is now complete. The built-
in
drives
should be ready
for use.
If you
have a
three- or
four-drive system,
you need to connect the
external
drives.
External
Disk
Drives
The
two
external
drives are not
interchangeable. They
have different Radio
Shack
Catalog
Numbers
and a few
internal differences.
System
Name
Catalog
Number
First
External
Drive Purchased
(Includes
Cable)
Second
External
Drive Purchased
"Drive
2/3"
26-1164
"Drive
2'
26-
The
26-1
164
drive may be used as
Drive 2 or
3,
depending on the number of
drives
in the
system. In a
three-drive system,
it is always
Drive
2
(the last
drive).
In a
four-drive
system, it is
always Drive 3 (again, the
last drive).
The
26-1
161
drive
may
only be used
in
a
four-drive system, in which it must be
Drive 2.
1
.
Locate
the flat
"ribbon" cable that
was included
with the
26-1
164
drive.
Notice
that it has a
single plug on
one end, and
two plugs clustered at the
other end.
See
Figure 1 for plug
labels.
2. Connect
the
solitary
"Computer" plug to
the Disk Expansion Jackonthe
bottom
rear
of the
Computer. See Figure
2.
3. Now
refer to
Figure 3.
Connect the
external drive(s) to the
other end of the
cable,
as
follows:
3-A. If
you
have one
external drive
(26-1
164):
Connect
it to the
"Drive
2"
plug near
the middle of
the ribbon cable.
3-B. If
you
have two external
drives
(26-1
164 and
26-1
161):
Connect
the
26-1
164 to the
"Drive
3"
plug on
the end of the cable.
Connect
the
26-1
161 to the
"Drive
2"
plug near the
middle of the cable.
4. Plug the
external
drive(s) into an
appropriate source
of ac power. Power
requirements
are
specified on the unit and
in the
specifications
given
in this
manual.
You are
now ready to start
the Disk System.
1h
""RS-80
MODEL
ill DISK
SYSTEM
Computer Plug
Drive
3
Plug
Figure
1. External Disk Cable
with Plugs
Labeled.
Figure
2. Connection of
the External
Disk Cable
to the Model III.
OPERATION
It
MINI-DISK
(REAR VIEW)
Attach the
plug so
the cable
exits
toward the
rearofthe
Computer.
EDGE
CARD PLUGS
GUIDE
PIN
Figure
3. Connection of
external disk drives.
a
TRS-80
MODEL
1(1 DISK
SYSTEM
Operation
First, take a few minutes
to become familiar
with
the various
elements of
your
Disk
System.
Refer
to Figures
4 and 5. This is very
important.
If
you try to use
the Computer without having
a
little
background
information,
you
could damage
a
diskette.
Figure
4. The Model 111 Disk
System with
External
Drives (optional/extra).
CD
Drive 0. The trsdos "system diskette"
goes
in this drive.
©
Drives
1, 2,
and 3.
These drives may
contain "data diskettes."
Data diskettes are
described briefly in
this chapter.
©
Drive
Select led. When
a
drive is being
accessed, its led lights
up.
©
Drive Door. To
insert or remove
a
diskette,
open this door. Never remove
a diskette
while
the led is lit, or while the diskette
contains open files.
© Reset Button. When
you press this
button,
the Computer
will attempt
to load the
operating
system software from
Drive 0. The
trsdos
diskette should
be in Drive when
you press this
button.
©
Power Switch.
All drives should
be empty
when
you turn the
Computer on or off.
Otherwise,
the information
on the diskettes
could
be
destroyed.
Figure
5. A
Diskette.
(Catalog
Number
26-305,
26-405,
or
26-406)
©
Storage
Envelope.
While a
diskette is not
in
use,
keep
it here.
©
Write
Protect
Notch.
When this
is covered,
the
disk-drives
cannot write
(change infor-
mation)
on the
diskette. Do
not
pinch the tab
into the
notch when you
apply it. If the tab
becomes
indented,
the
disk drive may
not
sense
that the
disk is
write-protected.
Leave
the
notch
uncovered
if you
want to
save or
change
information on
the diskette.
©
Jacket.
The
diskette is
permanently
sealed
inside
this
protective
jacket. Do
not
attempt
to
remove
it.
©
Read/Write
Window. The
disk drive
accesses the
diskette
surface through this
window.
Don't touch
the diskette
surface.
©
Label. To write
on this
label, use
only
a
felt-
tipped
pen. Any
other writing
implement
might damage
the diskette.
Diskettes
In
general,
handle
diskettes
carefully,
using
the same
precautions you use
with
tape
cassettes
and
high-fidelity
records.
A small
indentation, dust
particle, or
scratch
can
render
all or part
of a
diskette
unreadable
—
permanently.
•
Keep
the
diskette in
its
storage
envelope
whenever it is
not in one
of the
drives.
•
Do not
place a
diskette
in the
drive
while
you are
turning
the system
on or off.
•
Keep
diskettes
away
from
magnetic
fields
(transformers,
AC
motors, magnets,
tvs, radios,
etc.).
Strong
magnetic
fields
will erase
data
stored on a
diskette.
n:
TRS-80
MODEL
lil
DISK
SYSTEM
•
Handle diskettes
by the
jacket
only. Do
not
touch
any of
the
exposed
surfaces.
Don't try
to
wipe
or clean
the
diskette
surface; it
scratches
easily.
•
Keep
diskettes out
of direct
sunlight
and away
from
heat.
•
Avoid
contamination of
diskettes
with
cigarette
ashes,
dust or
other
particles.
•
Do not write
directly on the
diskette
jacket with
a hard
point device
such
as a
ball point
pen or lead
pencil;
use a felt
tip
pen only.
•
Store diskettes
in a vertical
file
folder
on a
shelf
where
they are
protected
from
pressure
to their sides
(just
as phono
records
are
stored).
•
In
very
dusty environments,
you may
need
to provide
filtered
air to the
computer
room.
Tips on
Labeling
Diskettes
Each diskette
has
a permanent
label
on its
jacket.
This label
is for
"vital
statistics"
that will never
change.
For
example,
to help
keep
track
of diskettes.
it's
a good idea
to assign
a unique
number
to
each diskette.
Write
such
a number
on the
permanent label.
You
might
also
put your
name
on
the diskette,
and
record
the date when
the diskette
was
first
put into
use.
Remember,
use
only
a
felt
tip pen for
marking.
This "permanent"
label
is not
a
good place
to record
the contents
of the
diskette
since
that will change,
and
you don't
want
to
be erasing
or
scratching
out
information
from this label.
System
Start-Up
1. Turn
all peripherals
on.
2. Turn
the Computer
on. Wait
until
all disk
drive
motors
stop.
3. Locate the
trsdos diskette
that
was
supplied
with
the
Disk
System.
Insert
it
into Drive
0,
with the label
side
facing
up and
the
read/write
window
pointing
into the drive
slot.
See Figure
6.
4.
When
the diskette
is fully inserted,
close
the
drive
door.
5. Press
reset. The
Computer
should
now
load
trsdos
and begin
the
start-up
dialog
described
in the
next section.
If nothing
happens
on the
Display,
or if
the
message:
DISKETTE?
or NOT
A
SYSTEM
DISK
is
displayed,
check
the following:
•
Are
you using
a trsdos
"system"
diskette?
•
Is
the diskette
properly inserted
into Drive
0?
•
If
external
drives
are present,
are
they properly
connected
and turned
on?
OPERATI
ON
L
~4SH
Wm.
Figure
6.
Inserting a
Diskette.
If you
can't
find
the
problem,
refer to
the
Troubleshooting
and
Maintenance
chapter
for
further
suggestions.
TRSDOS
Start-Up
Dialog
Whenever
you
reset the
Model
III
Disk
System,
it
loads
trsdos
and
begins the
start-up
dialog.
1
.
The
trsdos
version
number
and
date of
creation
will be
displayed,
followed
by
the
amount
of
ram
<32K or
48K)
and
the
number
of
drives in
the
system.
2.
trsdos
will
prompt
you
to
enter the
date
in
the
form
mm/dd<yy.
For
example,
07/04/80
for
July 4,
1980.
Type in
the
correct
date
and
press CENTEB).
trsdos
will
not
continue
until
you type
in
the
date
correctly.
3.
trsdos
will
prompt you
to
enter
the
time
in
24-hour
form
HH:MM:SS.
For
example,
14:45:00
for 2:45
p.m.
Type
in the
correct
time and
press
ClMIiB).
If
you
don't
wish to
set
the
time,
simply
press
(ENTER
)
at
the
beginning
of the
line,
trsdos
will
set
the
time to
00:00:00.
4.
trsdos
will
now
display
the
message,
TRSDOS
READY
Whenever
this is
displayed,
you are
in
the
trsdos
ready
mode,
and
you may
type
in a
trsdos
command.
1
TRS-80
MODEL
IK
DISK
SYSTEM
Important
Disk
Operations
In this
section we will
describe
three very
important
operations:
1
.
Duplicating
the trsdos diskette
(backup)
2. Initializing
a data diskette (format)
3.
Converting
files from Model
I to
Model III
trsdos
(convert).
All
new
customers should
complete
the trsdos
backup
procedure
now;
multi-
drive
customers should
also complete
the
format
operation
for
a few diskettes.
Detailed
information
is provided
later
in this
manual;
here we will
simply
outline
the procedures.
Making
a BACKUP
(Duplicate)
of
TRSDOS
Your
first operation
should
be to duplicate
the trsdos
diskette
you
received
from
Radio
Shack. The trsdos
diskette
contains
a utility
program
called
backup
to accomplish this.
1
.
Locate
the trsdos
diskette and
a new, blank
diskette.
The
trsdos
diskette
will
be referred
to as the "source,"
while
the blank
one will
be
called
the
"destination,"
during backup.
2.
Start
trsdos as explained
in the previous
section. TRSDOS
READY
should
be
displayed.
3.
Type: BACKUP
(ENTER)
4.
trsdos will now
load and start backup.
It
will
ask you:
SOURCE
DRIVE NUMBER?
Specify the drive which contains
the
original
trsdos
diskette by
typing:
(ENTER)
5. Next
trsdos will ask: DESTINATION
DRIVE
NUMBER?
Now
specify the drive which will
be
used for
making
the
duplicate
trsdos.
If
you have two
or more drives in
your
system,
type: 1 (ENTER)
6. trsdos will
ask: SOURCE DISK
MASTER
PASSWORD?
Type: PASSWORD
(ENTER)
(password
is
the password
of the
supplied diskette.)
7. Now'the
duplication process will
begin.
If
the destination
diskette is
not formatted,
backup
will format
it
before
continuing.
(Before
any diskette
can
be used, it must
be initialized
or
"formatted"
—
the data regions
defined
and labeled,
and
a table
of contents
or "directory"
created.)
*a
•il>»iKM
OPERATION
|
[E
^
If you
are
using a
single-drive
system,
trsdos
will
prompt you to
swap
source
and
destination
diskettes
several
times
during the
formatting/backup
process.
After a
single-drive
backup,
trsdos
will display
the
message:
INSERT
SYSTEM
DISKETTE
CENTER)
Be
sure you
have a
trsdos
diskette
in
Drive
0,
then
press
(EMIiB).
The
duplication
process is
now
complete.
We
suggest you
save the
original
trsdos
and use
the
duplicate
as your
working copy.
If
anything
happens to the
working
copy,
you
can
make
another one
from
the
original.
Making a
Data
Diskette
(FORMAT)
This
section
applies
to
multi-drive
systems only.
Drive
must
always
contain a
trsdos
diskette, so
the
Computer
can
have
access to
the
system
programs
stored
there.
Much
of the
storage
capacity of this
diskette
is
taken up
by the
system
programs.
However, the
other
drives
in the
system
may
contain
"data"
diskettes
which
have no
system
programs.
All of the
storage
capacity
of such
diskettes is
available
for
your
programs and
data.
The
format
utility
program takes
a
diskette
and
initializes
or
"formats" it.
If the
diskette
was
previously
formatted,
all
prior
information
can be
lost.
The
resultant
diskette
contains
no
system
files and
may
only be
used
in
Drive
1
, 2
or
3
.
1
.
In the
trsdos
ready
mode,
type:
FORMAT
(ENTER
)
2.
trsdos
will start
the
formatter
program
and
ask you a
series of
questions:
FORMAT
WHICH
DRIYE?
Insert
a
blank
diskette into
Drive 1
.
Type: 1
(
pTEH
)
DISKETTE
NAME?
This
name
will
serve as
an
internal
label for
the
diskette.
Type
in any
appropriate
name
of one to
eight
letters
and
numbers,
starting
with a letter.
Press
CENTER)
at the
end of
the name.
MASTER
PASSWORD?
The
password
may be
from
one
to eight
letters
and
numbers,
starting
with
a
letter.
Press
CENTER) at
the end
of the
password.
Use
of the
password
allows
backup,
prot,
and
purge access
to all
non-
system
files.
Unless
special
protection
is needed,
we suggest
you use the
password
password.
Whatever
password you
select,
don't forget
it!
r
"II
> Ji
TRS-80
MODEL HI
DISK
SYSTEM
If
the diskette contains data, trsdos
will warn
you:
DISKETTE CONTAINS DATA,
USE
DISK OR
NOT''
The
warning
is needed since format
erases
all previous
information
from
the
diskette. Type N (ENTER) to cancel
format;
type Y
(
ENTER)
or U
(ENTER)
to
continue it.
3.
trsdos
will now format and verify
the diskette.
The
data diskette
will then
be ready for use in Drive
1, 2,
or 3.
Model I/III Conversion
(CONVERT)
In
general, Model I trsdos diskettes
cannot be
used in a
Model III
Disk
System.
However,
Model III trsdos
includes
a special program,
convert,
to
read
a Model I trsdos diskette
and copy its
non-system files
onto
a Model III
trsdos
diskette.
In
two-drive systems, the files
must be copied
onto a
Model 111
system diskette;
in
three- or four-drive systems,
the files may
be copied
onto a data
diskette.
Here are abbreviated instructions
for using
this program.
For further
details,
see
convert.
1. Using
a Model I Disk System, remove
all passwords
from
the diskette
to be
converted.
You can do this
with
the
prot command,
described
in
the Model I
TRSDOSlDisk
basic
Owner's
Manual.
2. Start Model III trsdos.
3. Place
the Model I diskette in Drive
1
,
2
or 3. (In
two-drive
systems,
use
Drive
1;
in three- or
four-drive
systems.
Drive
2.)
4.
In three- or
four-drive
systems, place
a Model III
data
diskette in Drive
1
.
5. Type: CONVERT (ENTER)
4. The conversion program
will
start
by asking
for the
source drive
number.
Type in the number of the drive containing
the Model
1 diskette,
then press
CENTER) .
5. Next, the
conversion program will
ask for
the
destination
drive number.
Type
in the number of the
drive
containing
the Model
III diskette,
then press
(ENTER)
.
(In two-drive systems,
use Drive
0;
in three-
or four-drive
systems,
Drive
1.)
6. Now all
the
non-system files will
be converted
and
copied
onto the
destination diskette. As each file is copied,
its name will
be displayed.
7. When
the process is completed,
you may remove
the Model
I
diskette.
It is
unchanged by the
convert
program.
The
destination diskette
contains
the
converted files.
8. To restore password protection
to the
converted files,
you may
use the
prot
or
attrib command.
10
T"
^Mi
1
li
Disk
BASIC
Quick
Instructions
for Using
Disk
BASIC
In
this section
we'll "walk you"
through the
following procedures:
1
.
Starting
Disk
basic
2.
Running
a simple
program
3.
Saving a
program
in a disk
file
4. Loading
a
program from a
disk file
For
programming
information, see
the Disk
basic
section of this
manual.
Here
we are
showing
procedures
only.
Starting
Disk
BASIC
Under
trsdos ready,
type:
BASIC CENTER)
The
Computer
will load
and start
basic.
First, it will ask
two questions.
Press
(ENTER) in
response to
each of
them.
HON
MANY
FILES?
(ENTER)
MEMORY
SIZE?
(ENTER)
A
heading
will be
displayed,
followed by:
READY
You may
now
begin using
Disk basic.
Saving
a
Program
You
should
have a
program
in memory, and
be in
Basic's
ready mode. Type:
SAVE
"PROGRAM"
(ENTER)
basic
should
now save
the program
in a disk
file
we arbitrarily named
"program."
Any
other
suitable file
name
would do.
Loading a
Program
For this
sample
session,
we will load
the
program just
saved.
First type:
NEW
CENTER") to
erase it
from
memory.
(This is to
prove
that it can be
retrieved
from the
disk
file.)
11
o
TRS-80
MODEL
III
DISK
SYSTEM
Now
type: LOAD "
PROGRAM"
(MM)
and
basic will
load
the
specified
program.
You
may
now list
it and run
it.
For
further
information
on
using
Disk
basic,
see
Section
3 of
this
manual.
Setting
the
Cassette
Baud
Rate
under
Disk
BASIC
trsdos
sets the
cassette
baud
rate
to High.
If
you would
like
to change
this,
use
the
following
trsdos
command:
PATCH
BASIC/CMD
(
ADD=5202
»FIND=00
>CHG=FF)
(ENTER)
Consequently,
you will
be prompted
with:
CASS?
whenever
you
start Disk
basic.
You
may
then
type either H
(High)
or L
(Low)
to
choose
the
rate
you
need.
To
change
the
system diskette
back to its
original
state
(i.e.,
no CASS?),
simply
use
the
trsdos
patch
command
again
but
reverse
the
find
and
chg
values.
12
j&vm
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
If you
have problems operating your
Model III Disk System, please check the
following
symptoms and cures, and check the
corresponding table in
your
Model ill
Manual.
If you
can't
solve the problem, take the unit to your local Radio Shack. We'll
have
it
fixed and returned to you as soon as
possible.
Symptom Cure
Disk drive
motors run
continuously
when the Computer
is turned
on.
Check external
drive connection
sequence.
Drive
26-1
1 64 must
always
be
the last
external drive.
Computer
will not load trsdos. 1
.
Make
sure
you
have inserted the
trsdos diskette
properly
in
Drive
0.
2. Make sure
all peripherals are properly
connected.
Error Messages
Look up
the message in the trsdos or
basic Error Message
Section. The "cure"
should
be
listed.
Frequent
disk i/o errors 1
.
Diskette is partially erased. Backup the
diskette, then re-format it.
2. Diskette is worn out. Use backup copy, if
available, to make a new
working
copy.
3. Disk
drives need cleaning or alignment
by
Radio Shack service
technicians.
Maintenance
For
reliable operation,
the disk
drives
must be
kept clean and properly aligned.
These
procedures
should be done by Radio
Shack service technicians, according
to the
following
schedule:
Degree of Use
Commercial data
processing
environment
Occasional
home use
Maintenance
Interval
Every month for
medium
use.
Every
8-10
months; more often if
needed.
For
further
instructions, see the
Troubleshooting and
Maintenance
section in
your
Model III
Manual.
13
r-
-3BHJS
TRS-80
MODEL
Hi DISK
SYSTEM
Notation and
Abbreviations
For
the sake of clarity
and brevity, we've
used
some
special notation
and
type
styles
in this
book.
capitals and punctuation
indicate
material which
must be entered
exactly
as it
appears.
(The only
punctuation symbols
not entered
are ellipses,
explained
below.)
For
example,
in
the line:
DUMP LISTER (START
=
7000,END
=
7100,TRA
=
7004)
every
letter
and character should
be
typed as indicated.
lowercase
italics
represent words,
letters,
characters
or values
you supply
from
a set
of acceptable
values for
a particular
command.
For example,
the line:
LIST filename
indicates
that you
can supply any valid
file
specification
after
list.
Ellipsis
indicates
that the preceding
items
can be
repeated.
For
example:
ATTRIB filename
(option,
. ,
,)
indicates
that several
options
may be repeated
inside
the
parentheses.
This special
symbol is used
occasionally
to indicate
a blank-space
character
(ASCII
code 32 decimal, 20
hexadecimal).
PRINT "DHBIB!"
X'nnnn"
Indicates
that nnnn is
a hexadecimal
number.
All
other
numbers
in the
text
of
this book are in decimal
form,
unless
otherwise
noted.
X'7000'
indicates
the hexadecimal value
7000
(decimal
28672).
COMPUTER
TYPE
Any words,
letters,
or numbers
that are
displayed
on the
screen will
be in
computer
type (dot-matrix).
Uppercase
letters
are used;
however,
your
screen
at
times
may display
lowercase letters
instead.
14
OPERATION
T
i^ni
Specifications
Diskettes
Diskette
Organization
(Formatted
Diskette)
Operating
Temperature
Power
Requirements
(Externa!
Drives)
5Va
mini-diskettes
Radio Shack
Catalog
Number
26-305,
26-405
(package
of three),
or
26-406
(package
of
10)
Single-sided
Double-density
40 Tracks
18
Sectors/Track
256
Bytes/Sector
55 to 80
Degrees Fahrenheit
13 to 27
Degrees Celsius
120 VAC, 60 Hz, 28
VA
(240
VAC,
Hz,
Australian; 220
VAC. 50 Hz,
European)
50
15
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