Radio Shack TRS-80, 4, 4P Hardware Manual

s%£

a|AS

Cuslom

Mariu

factu red in

U

S

A by RAD

IO

SHACK. A Division of TAN

DV

CO

R

PORATlO

N

To Our Customers

By adding a hard disk Id your TRS-ffiJ Model 4 or

4R

you

are

great]

y

enhancing the

capabilities

of

your

computer system. A hard disk

gives

two

major

advantages

over

a

floppy

diskette:

*

More storages space

per

disk.

*

Higher reliability

because the hard disk is far

more durable.

In addition, your hard disk lets you retain a flexible operating system

environ merit. Vbu

can use bolh LDOS

\fersion

5,1.4 and

TRSDOS

Veri>iun fl villi your hard

disk system

r

as

ww

II as with your floppy

diskette

system,

About this

Manual

This

manual explairs everything

you

need

to know to

set

up

and

begirt ueing your Modal 4/4P

hard

disk system. It includes pro-

cedures

for connecting the hardware,

initializing

Ihe system, and

moving

all

programs

and data to the hard disk

Details

on the TRSDOS Version 6 operating

system are In

Model 4/4P

Disk

Si/st&m Owner's Manual.

Notations

For your

convenience

the following notations

are

used

in

the

com-

mand syntaxes and

the

text referring

to the commands:

lowercase

italics

represent

words,

letters or

values

that you supply,

or

displayed

information

that may

vary.

[

)

(square

brackets)

indicate

optional parameters. Do nol

include

the

brackets

when

typing the

command.

indicates

a key that you

press.

Contents

Chapter l

Chapter

2

Chapter

3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

A

Look at

Your

Hard

Disk Drive . .

.

The

Media Error Map

,

Connecting Your

Hard?

Disk

Drives

Connecting th&

Primary Drive

Procedure

Cumiecliiig

Hie

Secondary

Dtives -

,

Procedure

Powering

Up

and

Powering

Down

.

Power-Up Procedure

Power-Down

Procedure

Initializing Your System with H ARDGEN

Physical Drives v Logical Drives

initialization

Procedure

Suggested Responses ...

Operating

Your Computer

as

a

Maud

Dish

System

Operating

Your

Computer

as

a

Floppy

Dink System

Chapter

7

Using Application Programs

Moving

Your Programs to Hard Disk

The

COPY Command

The

BACKUP Command

,

Sacking Up

a

Hard Disk

Copying and Restoring Large Files

Copying

a

File

with HDCQPY4

Restoring

a

File wilh

HDCOPY4

HDCOPY4 Errors

Technical

Information

. .

Header Block

Description

Problems

and

Error

Messages

Soot

Errors

1

3 3

4

.

4 6

,10

10

11

.11

13

19

,20

.21

,23

.23

S3

23

2d

27

.27 .28

29

30

30 30

.33 .33

Appendix A Initializing

Your System Manually

, 35

Overview

, 35

Procedufe

36

Setting Up the Logical Drives

36

Formatting the Hard Disk Drive 37

Moving

TRSDOS \fersion 6 to

ifaur Hard Disk

\jb

Making

the

Hard

Disk the

System Device

, .40

Storing

the Configuration on

the Boot

Diskette

40

Using

the

TRSDOS

JCL for

Hard

Disk

Drive

Setup .41

Appendix B Initializing

with HARDGEN's

Oplion D

iHead-by-Head Assignment)

Procedure

Example

#1

example #2

CP/M

Initialization

,

TRSDOS Initialization

.43

,43 .45

.48

.49

.53

Appendix

C

Care of ifou

r

Hard

Disk Drive 57

Appendix

O

Hard

Disk Specifications

59

Index

61

Chapter 1

A

Look

at Your

Hard

Disk

Drive

The hard

d*sk

drive

b&Slcalty

consists of 2 or 3 platters, or "disks."

that

lie

parallel

Id

ong

another

within

the

drive,

Thccc disk? reside

in

the drive permanently

Each side

oi

each

drsst

has a read/write

head

that

mews

loward

or away from

ihe center

of

the disk as needed to store and

retries

information.

RAad.'W'lie

Heatfs

Pl3lter

Tree* ft

Frgore

J.

internal

View (ft

Hani

Ditto

Drive

If

you have only one hard

disk drive,

it is the '"primary"'

hard

disk

drive.

A small area on this

drive is

used

lo store

the

operating

system.

Vbu

can haus

a$

many

as 3 "secondary"

hard

disk

drives

for storing additional

data.

The Media Error Map

When you purchase your hard

disk,

a

few disk

areas called 'tracks"

may bo flawed because

of minor

defects

in the media or signals

from external

sources. However, no

hard

disk

is

shipped

with more

than

3

flawed

tracks per head

nor more than

9 {5-tneo.l or 12

{15-meg}

flawed

tracks

in

all

Track never contains

flaws.

Before shipment,

a built-in error detector dfiterminps which, if

any

tracks

on

your

hard disk are Hawed. Wo then

attach

to the bottom

of the disk a Media Error

Map

containing this information.

Keep

tills map! Radio Shack

service

technicians

may need

to refer

lo-

ir, if

your

drive

ever needs servicing.

In addition,

if

you choose 10 initialize your hard

disk

system

manually you may want to

reffir

to the

Media

Error Map when for-

matting

the

hard

disk tfrives.

Manual initialization is

discussed

in

Appendix A. We recommend it

only

for

advanced users who

can-

not

meet system requirements

bv

usinq

the

simpler

initialization

procedure

discussed

in

Chapter 4.

Chapter

2

Connecting

Your

Hard

Disk

If

you haven't

set up your

Model 4/4

P

yet, do so now, referring to

Introduction

to Vbur Disk

System,

ihg

startup manual that you

received with

your

computer.

Then connect your

primary

drive

and

any secondary drives as

described in

this section and

the

one

that

follows Figure

4 shows

a

fully

configured system

Connecting the

Primary

Drive

In addition lo this

startup

manual, your primary

hard disk

comes

with the following:

*

Hard Disk

Expansion

Cable {50-pin)

*

Har

d

Disk Operating

Systo m

in

it]

ati

zot i on Diskette, which

is

called the "Hard Disk initialization

Diskette"

or "Initializa-

tion Diskette"

throughout

this

manual

*

Power

Cord

+

Power Key

Below

is an illustration

of the back of the primary

hard

dish

drive.

Thb

purpose

of each

connector

and jack is described in the

'Procedures"

sections

in this chapter.

Rgirw

3. Bank Vitrw

of

the Primary

HanS Disk Drive

Procedure

To

connect the primary hard disk drive

10

your

computer follow

these steps:

1.

Connect one end of the

hand

disk expansion cable

to

the

I/O

bus

card

edge of

your

computer.

2.

Connect the

other end to the COMPUTER IN connector (50-

pin) on the back of the primary hard

disk

drive

3.

Connect the power cord to the primary drive.

Plug ihe other

end into a

grounded AC

power

source

of

appropriate voltage.

Connecting the Secondary

Drives

Each secondary hard

disk

drive comas with Thf> fnl lowing:

•

Secondary Hard Disk Expansion

Cable

•

Pats Cable

•

Power

Cord

Tho secondary hard disk

drives

connect

to the computer via the

primary

hard disk

drive.

Be(ore you can

Connect

the

secondary drives,

however, you must

take

all your

hard disk drives—including the primary

drive

—to a

Radio

Shack computer

technician to

be

modified-

After

the

modification,

only one drive

is

labeled as !he terminator. This drive

must

be

the last in

tho

chain-

Warning: If

you

have

boon using

the hard disk system and

are adding

a secondary drive,

be sure

to

back

up

all

the

infor-

mation onto floppy diskettes

before

you

have

your hard disk

drives modified. This

modification

could

erase

all the informa-

tion you have previously ctorod on

your hord

dtok

drives.

Refer

to

Chapters

for

information

on

backing up to diskettes

on

your

computer

Below is an

illustration

ol the back

of

a

secondary

hard disk

drive.

The

purpose of each

connector

and

jack is

described irt

the

"Procedure"

section below.

figiA* a B&pk ttav

of a

Secondary

Ham Disk Drive

5

Procedure

To

conned

the secondary hard disk

drivers],

refer

to

the

illustra-

tion

and follow

I he steps below. Notice thai

the drives

must

be

stacked with

the primary drive on top of

the

secondary

drives

and

ending with the drive

modified

to be the terminator.

Primary

F-irst

Secondary

Second

Secondary

Third

Secondary

FiguiQ 4. A

Fully

Configuroet Hard Disk

Gp&etr

In this

procedure, the number

of expansion

cables

and data cables

you connect depends on

the

number

of secondary

hard

disks you

have.

1

Conned one end

of

a secondary hard

disk

expansion

cable

10

the CONTROL

OUT conneclor on

the primary

hard disk

drive,

Connect

the other

end

to irte

C(jNi

hul

IN connedor

on the first

secondary

hard

disk

drive.

2.

Connect

any remaining

expansion

cables from

the CONTROL

OUT

on

one

seconda.ry drive to the CONTROL

IN

on the next

secondary drive.

5

3 Connect ihe

dala

caUe(s) as follows

•

One

from DATA

OUT

A

(20

pin Connector) on the primary

drive to DATA IN

(2(J

jack)

on

the *irs(

secondary drive.

•

One from DATA

OUT

B

on the

primary

drroe to DATA IN

on

the second secondary drive.

•

One

from

DATA OUT C on the primary

drive

to DATA IN

on the

third

secondary drive.

4.

Connect one end of a power

cord

10 each secondary drive and

the other

end

to a

grounded

AC power source

of appropriate

voltage.

The

drive

with Ihe lerminator must

be the

last in

Ihe chain.

Chapter 3

Powering

Up

and Powering

Down

To

prevent

information

loss,

always

use

the

proper sequence to

power

up and

pow*r

down your syEtgrn.

Refer

to the

illustration

below,

as

wet I

as

to the

procedures

that tallow.

DrivG-Attiwt!

Light

Write-Pmtect

Smite

fi

PowtT Key

Figure

5.

Front

Yidw of r Primary

H#tf

Dfsfr

fJnye

Power Kay (primary

drive

only). This key controls

the

power

to all

the

hard

dish

drives

Turn

it clockwise

to turn on the

drives

and

counterclockwise

to

turn

off

the

drives.

To

avoid

accidentally

erasing information

on your hard disks,

remove

the

key

once

the drive? are

on.

Two power

keys are provided.

If you

kjee

a

key,

the

nearest

Radio Shack

Computer Centet caji

repiaue

it.

Powwr

Light (on all secondary drives in

place

of power key). When

the light Is on,

the

drive

is

powered

up.

Drive-Active

Light,

When the light

is

on,

the

drive

is powered up

and

has

been selected tor

use.

When

Ihe

light is blinking, the

drive

is in

use,

Only

one

drive-active light

should be on at

a

time. If

moreihan

one light

is on,

turn

off

the system, wait

a few

minutes,

and

turn M on again.

If

the problem

r&curs, contact

a

Radio

Shack

service

technician.

(Note: When

you

use two

drives

in

rapid

succession,

more than

one light may appear

to

be on at the

same time,

without

actually

being so)

Wrile-Protect Switch. When the switch is lighted, the

disk

drive

is write protected so that you cannot write Information on it.

Pressing

the switch turns the

write protection

on and off. Press

this switch onty when the

drive

is

not

in

use-

Otherwise,

you

may

lose

or destroy data.

Warning: Never

move

yuur

hard

disk

drive

while

the

tlr

ive is run-

ning.

Doing

so

may cause permanent damage to the drive or disk.

Also, do not

»xposR

a hard

disk

to a

strong mngnfitie

fisM, fiiinh

as Ihat produced by a

bulk eraser You could

lose valuable

data

or damage the unit. Remember, you cannot bulk erase a hard

disk.

Power-Up Procedure

1.

Be

sure

all Uoppy

diskette

drives are empty,

Turn

on all

peripheral

equipment (such

as a

printer or

external

floppy

diskette drives).

2.

Turn

on

all

hard disk

drives

by

turning

the power

key,

which

is

locked

on i

tie

primary

hard disk

drive, Clockwise.

Wan

fui

all secondary

drive

power lights to come on before continu-

ing

Then

remove

the

key

3.

Turn

on the computer.

Power-Down Procedure

1.

The operating

oyntcm prompt should

bo

the last line on your

screen. II it

is not,

press

("Entefo

or exil your

program

so that

the prompt appears.

2. Remove all

floppy

diskettes

from their drives,

a

turn

orr

any

peripheral

equipment.

4. Turn off all hard disk

drives

by

turning

the power key

counterclockwise.

5. Turn

oft

the

computer.

10

Chapter

4

Initializing

Your

System

with

HARDGEN

Although

you nave se! up

and

perhaps

turned on your hard disk

drives, you

can,

as

yet. operate your

computer only as a floppy

disk system.

To use ynir hard disk drives, you

must first

initialize your hard disk

System.

This Includes:

t

Formatting the

hard

disk

drluw

2,

Configuring

them

into the computer system

3, Copying TRSDOS Version S onto youi

hard

disk system

The TRSDOS Hard

Disk

Initialization

Diskeiie

coniains

an

easy-

to-use urogram called HARDGEN/BAS

("Hard Disk System

Generator")

that

does

all this

for

you.

Note:

HARDGEM sets up a system configuration using a

specified pattern. Because these

patterns are

limited, you may

warn 10 configure

your

system

difterenify, using

one

of

the

alter-

nate methods

described

in Appendices A

and

B. Both methods

an&

more complicated,

howeuer,

anrl uv$

recommend them onty

for

advanced

users who cannot

meel their system

re-

quirements

with the normal use of HARDGEN.

Before beginning the initialization, please read the next section

carefully, ft explains the

difference between

physical'

and

"logical" drives. It is important to understand this

difference before

Initializing

your hard disk

system.

Once the

initialization incom-

plete, the operating system experts only

luyicat

diive numbers.

Technical

information

on

the

hard

disk initialization is included in

Chapter

6,

but you

probably

will not need it if you

use

the

HARDGEN

program.

CauOon:

It

you are reinitializing your hard disk, first back up

all

information

on the

disk initialization erases

all

information

you have on all

your

hard

disk drivee.

Ybu should also make backups before

moving

the equipment

from

its present location or adding new hard disk drives to your system.

Physical Drives v

Logical Drives

A physical drive is the actual place of

hardware.

A logical

drive

is

a

division

of

the physical

drive—according to read/write heads

—

that the operating system

recognize*

as a complete

drive.

It

has

its

own

directory

and files, and

its information

can

be

accessed

and

backed

up

jusi

as can

the

information on a physical drive.

11

A

floppy

disk drive

is both one

physical drive

and

one

logical drive.

A hard disk driva is one physical driw thai you can separate inio

several logical drives.

The

drawing

below illustrates this concept:

1 Logical

Drive

2 Loyitul

Drives

Physical Drive

3

S-d

gi --*!

I

Drives

4

Logical

Drives

Logical Drive

Figure

6. Physical

v

Logical

Drivus

Several lactors

may 'nfluertce the number of logical

drives

you

want.

•

>fcu

can

put similar fifes,

such as all accounting

data files,

in

one

log

cal

drive so that

you

can

operate

on

(heir

as

a

group. For

example, you can back them up, without

affecting

the

files in

other logical

drives.

•

Some

application

programs require

a

certain

number of

logical driven.

•

The

maximum

number

of

files

any logical drive can

have

ig240.

• By

putting

a group of files in a log ical d ri

ve, you ca n assign

Ihtr files a master passwurd that

protects

them from being

erased or copied.

12

When partitioning a hand disk

drive into

logical

drives, you

must

assign at least ono

read/write

head to

each

logical

drive,

and you

cannot assign parts ol heads. Otherwise,

you

can

assign the

heads

as you

like.

For

example,

vcu

can assign Heads 1

and 2 to

Laojcal

Drive

1,

and Heads 3 and 4 to Logical Drive 2. In

this

case, you

have

1

physical

drive

and 2 logical drives.

Initialization Procedure

Before

you begin

the

initialization,

turn

off

your

hard disk

drives

and locate the serial

numbers

on

the

bottom

of

the drives. Copy

these numbers

down

exactly, including

any punctuation. Ybu will

need

the numbers during

Step 4

below.

Now

make

a backup of the Hard Disk

Initialization

Diskette and

store

the

original in a sale

place.

Use only

the bdtKup during Itie

initialization;

me HARDGEN program

modifies

the

diskette,

and

using

the

backup ensures (hat

you still

have

the

mnster

Insinua-

tion

Diskette

intact-

[Refer

to introduction to Your Disk System

for

details on backing up

diskettes.)

Note:

Suggested responses to prompts

given

by

the

HARDGEN program

are listed

immediately

following

the

initialization

procedure Vou may want

to

took

at them before

continuing.

1. Insert the

write-enabled

backup Initialization Diskette

into

Floppy Dnve

0,

and reset

the

system.

Mote:

Model

4 users; To

reeei

the eysiem, press

the

resei

switch. Model

4P

users:

To

reset the system

at

any

time

you

have nard

disks

connected, press

the

reset

switcn

and

F2 I

If

you are prompted to

enter the

date and

time,

do so.

The

HAUDGtN program

starts automatically.

2. A prompt appears,

asking If yogr

system is

ready.

II you have

properly

connected

your hard

disk

system, as described in

Chapter

2,

type V i£HH3). If not,

type

N

EHEBEl

The

system

returns

to

TRSDOE Ready go that

you

can remou*

all

diskettes, turn off

the entire

system, and connect

the

drives

properly.

3.

HARDGEN

now asks tor

the number of floppy

and

hard drives

in

your

system. Enter thft

appmnriate

numbers, in

rasnnnSfi

Hint: If you think

you mighl

purchase

more floppy

drives

in

Ihs

future,

you can

enle-r

a numb#r

greater

than the number

of drives you

currently

have connected This

applies

only

to

floppy

drives.

Ybu

must

enter the

exact

number of hard disk

drives you have.

13

A, Now HARDGEN asks you to

enter

the

serial

numbers you

obtained above, It asks

lor

the numbers

one

at a

tirne,

begin-

ning with the

pnrnary

drive.

Enter each complete

serial

number,

in

the

Rorrecl

crde

1-

,

including hyphens

if

present

5. The initialization program

also

asks you to enter

the amount

of data you can

store

on the hard disk. This

is

the size of the

disk;

SO

type

S

C.ENTERj

for

a 5-megabyte hard

disk

or 15

[ ENTER

'

for a 15-megabyte hard

disk.

6. The program then asks a series of four questions about the

assignment

of logical

drives:

How

many Logical, drives do you want to

have

on your system?

HARDGEN displays a tan ge of m to n.

m

is the minimum

number

nf

logical drives

-a

Unused

(the

mi

m

her of

Iwd

disks

+

1),

and n

is

the the maximum

number

allowed. Specify

the

number of logical drives you want within this range.

How

many

floppy

drives

do you

want

to

use on your

system?

HARDGEN

displays a range oM to n. In which n is the number

of floppy

drives

you specified in Step 3. If you wish to

reserve

more logical

drives

for hard disks, you may enter a number

smaller

than the

number

erf

drives

you own, in this ease.

hardgen

disables

ihe unused lluppy drives, "you must,

however,

specify

at

least 1

floppy drive Most

applications

re-

quire

only

1

or

9

floppy drives wher>

running haul

disk

drives

Do you want to

reserve

a Logical drive

for use

with

Me-m disk? (Replying no

does not

mean

you

cannot

vise

Memd

i

sk

.

However, you may have to disable

another drive whi

le

using

Hemdi sk .

)

Your

Model AMP

Disk

System Owner's

Manual

describes

Memdisk.

If

you wani to

reserve

a logical drive

for

Memdisk,

type V

enteh i

it not,

type

N .¥RTER).

As

the

prompl

in-

dh&les, you tan use

MemdisK

even

if

you type N

,lmlhi,

but you may need

to

disable another

logical

drive

io do so.

If, at this pGml, the

number

of

logical

drives is

too

small

to

satisfy the

requirement

of at

least

1 logical

drive

per

physical

drive,

the

system

instructs

you to

increase

the total numtwr

of logical drives (maximum ot

8)

or

reduce the number

of

logical

devices assigned

to other

devices,

such

as

floppy disk

drives or Memdisk.

How

many

logical drives

do you want to

use on

your

hard

disks?

14

HARDGEN

displays

a

range

of numbers,

which varies

accord-

ing |o

the numbers

entered

in response

to

easier prompts.

Enter a

number

in

that

range,

7. Now HARDGEN asks II you wanl to change any of your

answers

(f

you are satisfied

with

the answers, type ri

fENTEHJ

to

indicate

no changes. If you want to change an answer, type

V

GHHEJf'j so

that the

system

returns

to

the logical

drives

prompt.

3. Most likely, at least 1 of

your

hard disk

drives

wfli

be

divided

into

2

or more logical

drives-

HARDGEN

can

divide the space

in t of 4 ways. It lists lhe methods and asks which

you

prefer:

A) Divide

up

the

space

as

e v

e

n L

y

as

poss

i b Le.

Where possible, HARDGEN

tries

to allocate the same

amount

of

space tor each

logical

drive,

If, because of

physical limitations, HARDGEN cannot do

this,

it

in-

forms you

and

asks

you

to

choose

a

different

option,

B)

Give

more space tot he higher-

numbered dri ves

,

You may find this optsOn

useful

for systems with large

data bases, such as payroll and accounting packages.

These systems need mare

space

on

the

data

disk

drives-

This option does

not

appear

if

the number

of

logical

and

physical

hard disk drives

is equal.

C) Give more space to trie Lower-

numbered

dri ves.

you may prefer this option for

some

software develop-

ment systems.

D) ALLows you

to

specify which

read/write

heads

are

to be

assigned to each Logical drive.

This option is

useful

if

TRSDOS

6

and anoiher

operating

system

are

to share Hie

drives, or

if

oilier

Special

circumstances

exist. Do not use

this

option

without

first refer

ring

lo Appendix B,

Which

method

would

you

prefer?

bnter the letter of your selection.

After

you choose A, B,

C,

or

D,

HARDGEN displays

lhe

nor-

mal

steps being taken by the automatic allocation

process

If

certain conditions

are encountered,

the screen

describes

them.

5

If, during the allocation process,

HARDGEN determines

thai

a very large logical

drive

assignment would exceed the size

limit imposed

on a logical drive by THSDOS

6,

HARDGEN

warns

you, It is

possible

to

reduce the

likelihood

of

encounter-

ing

this

restriction

if

you are able to

increase

the

number

of

logical hard drives to be assigned 1o the system or if

you

choose an even distribution (Option A),

Step

12 gives

you

the

option

to

change

the

configuration:

use

it as often as necessary until you either have found a configura-

tion that

does not exceed the logical hard

drive

size limit

or

umii

you

are satisfied thai the

limn

cannot be

avoided

in

your

particular

circumstances.

9. HAHLJGLN

now

displays

a picture of your system, configured

according

to

your instructions,

including the logical drive

nu

rubers

and a d

eeer

jptl on

of

t h e space

g

tve n to each. II a&kc:

Do you

is

ant a hard disk

to

be the

system device?

If

you warn

the TRSDOS

Version

6

operating

system

stored

or

i

the

hard dish,

lype

Y

iehteh

'.

If

you

want

it

stored

on a

floppy disk, type H

IJETJBJ.

10. HARDGEN

asJts:

Do

you want the Hard Disk Drives to be

searched

first when the system is

looking for

a

fi

le' <Yes

or

No>

Because TRSDOS can search the

hard

disk

drives faster

than

it can Ihe floppy

disk

drives,

you may

wan|

to

type

V

i

"em tea

in

response

to this prompt.

11,

for sortie reason,

you want

the

floppy

drives searched

first, lype U

iehtef

ii.

11. II yuu

yhoatf

tu

iBByivtJd

luyi^ctl Umvc Iui Wltsmtiiak, HARDGEN

now

asks

if

you want to change the logical drive number it

assigned

to Memdisk.

If you type Y

i

enter

),

HARDGEN asks you for the new

number Enler

the number. If you lype N

rFWTFT

T.,

HARDGEN

continues.

12. The screen displays

the

resulting

configuration one last time

and asks

if it is acceptable.

The co nfigumtion a hown on the scree n tell s

you

which log i

ca

I

drives are

on each

hard disk

drive.

If

you have a printer con-

nected and ready, and you want a

printed

copy

of

the system

layout, press i

CTa

urn.

If the configuration is acceptable, type V (ENTER). TRSDOS

6 begins the

format

and setup procedure. This takes

a

few

minutes.

16

If

the configuration is

na( acceptable, type N

;

enter

so thai

HARDGEN gives

you

2

options:

A Keep the

configuration

but

reassign

the logical drive numbers

6 Change the configuration

Typing A

: enter )

returns

you to Step ft Typing B

ienter

'

returns you to Step 2.

t&

For each

logical

drive that it formats.

TRSDOS

a

ak

s

for

a disk

pack name

and

a master

password

Ybu may press

'.

enter

'

to ust the default values or

enler the namei

of

youi

utiuiuti.

Note: HARDGEN may

ask you to turn on the drwes or to

wriie-

ena*jlt! ihew,

(See

Chapter

3 for details.)

The disic

pack names default to

the

following

;

HARDA

1st logicai drive

HARDB

2nd logical drive

HARDC

3rd logical drive

The

masler

password defaults to

PASSWORD.

14,

The

program

also

asks:

Are you

sure

you want to format the

hard disks?

Any

data on them

tfl

I

L

be

erased.

Toproieed,

type

'Yts'

andpress

<ENTER>

To continue, type

YES

(MUr;.

II

you answer

the prompt

incorrectly,

the

sysiem

reiurns

to

TRSPOSReady.To

continue

the

initialization

process,

type;

DO

HDJCL

LEMIEP..

Hole: Once the formatting

process

begins, do not stop

the

initialization

procedure. If

yw

stop

the initialization for some

reason,

you

must

start the entire

procedure

over with a new

backup of

the

master

Hard Disk

Initialization

Diskette,

1&

When

the

formatting

is

complete, press

rEMTERj

.

If

you Specified the hard

disk drive

as the system drive,

pro

ceed to

Step 16-

If

you specified another

as

the system

drive,

skip

to Slep IT.

16. Because

you

chose

the

hard disk drive

as

Ihe system drive,

TRSDOS

asks you

insert

your

Model

4/iP

TRSDOS

Diskette

into

Drive 0, Remove

the backup

Initialization

Diskette and in-

sert

the

TRSDOS Diskette.

Press

i

ENTER

<.

TRSDOS copies

17

system hies from

that system

diskette

to the

hard

disk. Than,

it asks

you

to reinsert

the backup

of

(he

Hard Disk Initializa-

tion Diskette. When

you have

done

so.

press

JEMlEflO.

17. HARDGEN now creates the Soot Diskette Urom the

beck

up

diskette.

When TRSDOS Ready

appears,

reset the system

to

boot

up the hard disks.

Note: If you

did

not

make

a

hard disk the

system

drive,

you

are currently using

an

incomplete

system disk (the Bool

Diskette).

After

resetting

your system

to boot up the hard

disks,

replace the Boot Diskette with a complete

TRSDOS System

Diskette.

Before using

your

hard

disk

system, make several

backups

Of your

Boot Diskette

and label

them.

18

Suggested

Responses

The following

chah

lists

responses that you can enter at

the

prompts during

initialization. These

responses set yogr

hard

disk system

to a configuration thai most applications can usa

HARDGEN

Prompt

i

Number of Drive* on Your System

1 hard

2

floppy

1

floppy

1

hard

2 hard

2 floppy

2 hard

Hol iany f

loppy

drives

are connected

to your system?

<1

to

4>

1

2 1 2

Hovi aany

hard

disks

are connected

to your

system?

<%

to 4>

1

1 2 2

What is the serial

nunber of

the

Primary hard disk? (The

Primary

drive has the keyswitch

on

the

front

>

serial

number

serial

number

seria)

number

serial

number

What

is the ser

ia L number of the

first

secondary hard disk? (If

you

have

no re

th.ir,

one

iccondar/ drive, look

on

the

back of

the primary

drive

and fd I Low

the cabLe that

is connected

to the

1

'Data

oui a"

*

jack>

j>

—

OfifJi'

number number

How many

logical drives

do you want

to

have on your

system? <m to n>

a e 6

1

Ho to Many flrtppy Hrivps

Ha you want to

use on

your

system?

<1

to

n>

1

2 1 £

t>t> you -»ani

to reserve a Logical

drive

for use with

the Mem

disk?

(Replying

no

does not

mean you cannot

use

Mend

is*,

however,

you may have to

disable

another drive

while using

He

nidi

sk.

>

<Yes

or

Mo>

N

N N N

How

many

Logical

drives do you want to

ii S p nn ynur

hard

H i

5

k

s

?

<m

to

ni

4

4 4 4

Oo you want to change any

value?

<V*j

or

No>

N

N M ISI

Which

method

would you prefer?

A A

fl,

A

Oo you want a hard

disk

to

be

the

system

dev

ice?

<Yes or

No>

¥ Y Y Y

Do

you want the Hard Disk Drives

to

be

Searched

first

when the SyS-tatn

is

looking for

a

file?

Y Y Y

Y

la the configuration

atteptab I a?

<Ves

or

Ho>

Y Y

19

Operating

Your Computer

as a Hard Disk

System

Start uporreset the

computer

with

the

Boot L>ishc:ts?

tn

Floppy

Drive

When TRSDOS Ready

appears, type tti

is

Minim

and;

DIR :4

rgNTFffl

TRSDOS shows a directory of the files coniained

on

your

Bool

Diskette (assuming

ihal

your lirst

Hoppy drive is Logical

Drm

4,

as determined in

your configuration).

Type:

DIR

:0

fJENlflij

TRSDOS shows

a

directory of

the

hand disk

systems Drive

(assuming

thai

your

primary hard

disk

is assigned as logical

Drive

0).

This is whas

happens;

1- When

you

first

turn on or reset

the computer, it

knows only

about Floppy Drive

G.

It

goes to

Floppy Drive

ffl to find an

operating system.

2.

In

Floppy Drive

0. it finds

your

Boot Diskette This diskette

contained

a

logical drive

configuration file.

The

configuration

file leils

trie computer the number

ol

hard

disk

drives

and floppy

drives

on

your

system. It also

tells ii

the

location of the logical

drives

and the amount

of storage

space each

logical

drive contains.

a.

The

computer

searches the primary hand disk

drive

tor an

opening

system. If

the

hard

disk

is

turned off

or

discon-

nected, an II appears in

the

upper

right

cornet

of Llie

screen.

If the

hard

disk is on but not yet ready

to perform

an operation,

a

blinking

H appears. When the drive is

ready,

Ihe tt

disappears

and I he system begins using

the

hard disk.

4. There

the system finds

TRSDOS.

displays

the

TR

S DO S

Reacts

prompt,

arid

executes your

commands.

With your

system

configured as a hard

disk

system,

you

can now

remove

your Boot Diskette. The computer

con-

tinues

lo

use

the

hard disk system's

drive

numbers

until

you

turn

it

off

or

reset

it. Vbu can use

ihe

DEVICE

com-

mand to

display

the configuration

of your

system.

(See

Model

4Mp

Disk System

Owners

Manual.)

?Q

Operating

Your

Computer

as a

Floppy

Disk System

The

computer

operates

as a

hard

disk

system

only

because the

configuration

file

tells

it to

do

SO

To

operate

it

as

3

floppy

disk

system,

do

either rjl

the

lol lowing:

*

Remove

the Boot

diskette

from Floppy Drive and

insert

any other

operating

system

diskette

Reset

the

system.

(Only the Boot Diskette contains the hard disk configura-

tion

file.)

•

Leave the Boul Diskette in Fluppy Drive ©

but

tell ll le

com*

puter to ignore its configuration fits. To do this

press

CLEAR.' and hold it rinwn whilp resfltling 'hft systfim and

waiting

for TRSDOS

Ready to

appear. {If

you

are star-

ling up the computer hold down

clear

i

after

you enter

the date.) If you didn'l

do

this

correctly,,

try it

again.

Remember:

The Boot

Diskette

docs not contain a com-

plete operating system.

See the BOOT

and

SYSGEN library commands In the

Mode/ 4/4P Disk System

Owners

Manual

for

more

information,

To see that your system is now a floppy disk system,

type

(fit

TftSDOS Ready):

DEVICE

LIrdlER.

T

R

SDOS

d

iapl ays the physical devices

and the

ir

assigned

I

ogicol

Oevic*

numbers, Type:

DIR

:0

(ENTER:

TR5DOS

displays a directory ul the diskette

in Floppy

Drive

9-

Note: If your system

is

still responding as a hard disk system,

you

probably

did

not

press

_c_LEAfl

long

enough.

Try again.

21

Chapter 5

Using Application

Programs

If

you

wish,

you can use your Model 4/4P application programs

jusl as you always have. Simply stars up your sysiem with

the

appli-

cation program

diskelte,

father

than the Boot Diskette. Follow the

fitftps

outlined

tn

the application

manual-

Moving

Your Programs

to Hard

Disk

A much

bcttc

r

option

i&

to

move

you

r

Model

4

oppl ication

p

rco/ams

to the hand disk.

\ou

can do this using

the

COPY command or

BACKUP

corn

mand, (For more information

on

(he

parameters

available

with these commands, see your Model 4MPDisk

System

Owner's

Manual.)

The COPY

Command

The syntax tor the CUPY command

is;

COPY

source

[TQJ

destination

{

{parameters)

]

Use

the

COPY

command

only

if

you know I he names of the files

you want to

copy

to

the

hard

disk. For

example. 1o copy a file called

MYACCTSfBAS

to the hard disk, the

command

might be;

COPY

MYACCTS/BAS:4 :0

uEBTEft-

This example assumes

that Logical Drive 4 is

a

iloppy drive

and

Logical Drive

is a hard disk drive.

Use

drive numbers

that

correspond

)0

yQ

Ur system,

The BACKUP

Command

The syntax for

the

BACKUP

command

is:

BACKUP

Ipartspev]

[.source

drive]

[TO]

{•.destination drive]

{(parameters)]

Use the BACKUP

command

to copy all the

files

from one

disk

to

another. For

example. io

move

an

the user flies

mat do not already

exist on the hard disk, the command

might look

like

this:

BACKUP :4

:ft

(NEW,

IN

V)

CEHTEFTi

This

example

assumes lhat

Logical Drive

4

is

a

floppy

drive

and

Logical Drive

is

a

hard

disk

drive,

Use drive numbers

that

correspond to

your system.

23

To

run the application program. Jblkw the instructions

in

your Model

4/4P Disk System Owner's Manual.

Backing Up

a Hard

Disk

To safeguard the information stored on hard disk, you should

periodically

make a

backup

copy on

floppy

diskettes.

To do so,

lullgw

ihws« steps;

1. Start up or re-set the computer with the Boot Diskette.

2. Look at the directory of the hard disk to determine the total

amount ol space taken by the

files

on thai

disk.

10 do

this,

type the 01 R command followed by the

hard

disk

drive

number

and ihen (l,S). This eommana,

for example, displays

the total

space

consumed

by the

files

on

Logical

Hard

Disk Drive 1:

DIR :1 <I,S)

CENTER)

Al

U

ie bullum ofthe Ufciplyy is

Hits message Spa lb

=

futluwed

by the space taken by the liies (in

kilobytes,

or

"kbytes").

Note: Look at

the

F i L e Size column on the display If any

individual file exceeds 174K bytes, you need to use HDCOPY4,

instead ol BACKUP, to copy that hie. When backing up the

ol her files, use the QUE HY opt ion of BACKU P to skip that

f

1 1 s,

(See Chapter 6 of this manual for information on HDC0PY4,

See

your

Mode! WP

Disk System

Owner's

Manna} for

infor-

mation

on

QUERY.}

a

Calculate

the

number

of

TRSDOS-forrnatted

floppy

diskettes

yuu nyetl.

Tj

Ut>

Hiis, divide

the

"kitdl

spate uoiisunied"

liyuiu

by 174, (A newly formatted floppy diskette can held about 174K

or 178,176 bytes.) Round the result to the next higher whole

number.

For

example, if the Space

=

message shows the total space

to be 435K, you need 3 floppy diskettes;

435

/

174 =

2.5 (rounded

Of)

=

3)

4. Format the number of floppy diskettes you need and one extra

in

case

of

a

problem.

Then

place one

of

the

w

rite-enabled,

fun i sallt^J

dis ket

lea

1 > a f I

v^py J

i ive. E1

1

te r the BACKU P

W*

i i-

mand.

Trie following

command

copies

each file on

source drive

to the floppy diskette in destination drive:

BACKUP

source drive destination drive

LENter)

24

The message Backup- reconstruct invoked

appears

on

the

screen.

The screen shows

the

name Of each file aa it

is

being copied.

5. When the floppy diskette becomes

Ml. TRSDQS

asks

you

to

insert a

newly formatted

diskette. Remove

tfie diskette currently

in

[fie

destination

a

rive, insert

a

Diank formatted

diskette,

and

press

enter

l

When

TRSOOS Ready appears,

the BACKUP

is

complete.

Note: It is not urtusuai for a

file

to use less space

on

s

floppy

diskette than

on

a hard disk.

25

Chapter 6

Copying and

Large

Sometimes a hard disk file is too Largs to fit on one

floppy

diskette

i-o-

this reason, I HSDOS nas a utility caned HDCOPY4VBAS that

transfers

a

large

hard

disk

file

onto

several

Floppy

diskettes.

Copying a File with HDCOFY4

Before

copying

a

hand

disk

file,

be

sure

that you

have

enough mite-

enabled, THODOG-formatted diskettes

to

receive the

file,

fit

is a

good

idea

to have

one

extra,

in

case

one is flawed.}

See

Chapter 5

for

information

on

calculating

ihe

number of

diskettes you

neec.

Afler formatting

the

diskettes,

you can run the HDC0PY4 utility,

which is actually a BASIC program:

1-

Type:

BASIC HDC0PY4/BA3

nEMTETr

HDC0PY4

displays its main

menu:

HARDCOPY-Oi sk f

i L e

Backup

Ut

i

L

i

t

y

-

for TRSDOS 6.1.1 or Later

-

mmtddtyy

Copyright <C) 1983 by

Logical

Systems, Inc.

<C>

Create Backup

copy

<R> Read in Backup copy

<a>

to

Exit

Your

Selection

?

Type

C

dSffiK.

2. HDG0PV4

asks you

to

enter

the

source

drive.

Enter

the

number. If, for example, the disk file you want to

copy

is on

Hard

Disk

Drive

1,

type:

1

[EKHB3

3. HDCOPY4 then asks you to enter

the

deslinatiorn drive. Place

a

write-enableo, THSDGS-f&rmatted diskette

In Floppy Drive

A and type:

27

4.

HP0OPY4

asks for ihb fiitrspwj ol the file

to

be

cgpied.

Enter

the name,

including

its extension and password, it any,

but

ex-

cluding the drive number

For

a fite nailed TFRT/RAR,

for

example,

type:

TEST/HAS

UUILEBJ

HDCOPV4 copioEs

the

file,

displaying

tho number ot records

it

copies.

5. When

ihe lloppy

diskette

is

full, HDCOPY4 displays:

DESTINATION disk is PULL

-

insert

new

disk

and

hit

<ENT£R>

ffffff SOURCE errors detected and

nerked

(The

second line appears only when

a

source

error

has

occurred,]

Remove Ihe floppy didkotto,

insert

a new one, and press

OEaiEBJ. HDCOPY4 continues unlii all

records

are

copied

-

Each time you

insert

a

ttoppy

diskette. HDCOPY4 checks the

diskette and displays

an error message if any

problem exisls

When finished,

H0COPY4 lets

you know

if

it found any

defective

records. 11 then returns you 1a the) main menu. Press

3£i

to

return

to TRSDOS Ready .

You

now

have

a backup ol your hard disk file

Number

and

label

each floppy diskette with the date and

the

name

of the

file.

The backup file cannot

be used

while

it is on

floppy

diskettes. It

must be restored to hard disk. Because

the

file

is

on more than

one diskette, you cannot restore it In

the

normal

way,

Instead, use

the

READ

option of

HDCOPY4. This

option is discussed in

the

Restoring

a File With

HDCOPY4

10

restore a

multiple-diskette

file to its original state on

the

hard

disk,

use the Read in Backup option of

HDCOPY4 as follows:

1

.

Load

the

HDCOFY4 utility Ai the main

menu,

type

fi

(IWf e.R

i.

2. HDCOPY4

asks you to enter the source drive Insert the first

diskette of

the

backup fiia

into

a

floppy

drive and enter that

drive's

number.

3. H0CQPY4

ba'hs

ygu

io

enter

Ihe ctealirrttliorp drive, Enter

the

number of ihe hard disk drive

to

which

you want to restore

the

hie.

4. When

asked for

the lilespec,

enter ihe

backup

file's

name

exactly

as you entered it to create

the backup.

HDCQPY4

begins moving

each

record

in The

file,

checking each record

as ll movae it.

5.

After

copying each diskette, HDCQPY4

asks

you to insert the

any

order,

HDCOPY4 places

all the

records in their

proper location. Press

CENTER)

after

inserting

each diskalte-

When

finished, HDCOPY4 returns

to ihe main n»nii Prpss.

GO

to

return

to TRSD05 Ready,

HDCOPY4

Errors

Below

are error

messages

you might see while

using

HPCOPY4:

DESTINATION disk

I/O

error.

The

record

Indicated by

the

number

displayed contains

an error. You can continue

the

copy

tiy

pressing i'oije.r'.

H(jw«vhj. HDCOFY4

does noi

copy

any record that contains

an

error.

To stop the

copy,

press

3R

DESTINATION disk

is

flawed

-Copy suspended,

HDCOPY4

cannot

use the destination

diskette.

Remove the

diskette and

insert

another. Press I

enter

);

the

copy

restarts

at the current block of

records

To

stop the copy, press

3E.

File

not

on

SOURCE drive

-

<

E N T E R

>

to

continue.

The source d rive

does

not

contain

the

file

you

specified.

Perhaps the file

has

a

password!

or extension that

you

didn't

enter,

To

return to the main menu,

press LEJiT.ER;.

SOURCE

disk

I/O error. The record

indicated

by the

number displayed contains an

ftrror.

\bu ran

continue the

copy

by pressing

(

enter!

However,

HDCOPY4

does not copy any

record

that

contains an

error,

but

marks

il

as

not

copied in

the

destination tile

To stop the copy,

press

(ID.

SOURCE file

ie empty

-

<ENTER>

to

continue?

The

file

exists but contains

no

records. Press C

ENTER)

to

return

to the mam menu.

Unacceptable

File

Name. You entered

a

filename

that

included

a

drive

number. HDCOPY4 asks

you to enter the

filespec

again, without the drive number.

29

Technical Information

If

a

source

or destination MO error occurs during

HDCOPY4,

the

record

in

which

the

error occurred is nol copied

.

HtJUWY* marks

i as noncopied m ihe header record

of

the

destination

diskette

and tho copy may bo continKod,

An experienced programmer can

reconstruct this

data

The

infor-

mation below gives the layout of the

header record

thai

should

be

used

for this purpose.

This information should be sufficient for an

ttxpgrienued

pruyrairuntJi.

Header Block

The

first

record

of every

destination disk contains a block

of

infor-

mation

arranged

as

describee below:

Description

disk

number

in the copy set

filename/ext

time and dale of

copy,

BASIC TIMES format

ending record

number (original source File)

first

source-

reeurd (destination diskette)

fas: source record

(destination diskette)

end

of

file

offset

[original

source

file)

ASCII

representation

of

a

random number

Logical Record Length (source file)

currently unused

defective source file record

numbers

1

These

fields are stored

as compressed integers with

trie BASIC MKIS function.

Description

If any

records are

bad, TR$DQS

stores

their numbers as integers

(2-byte

fields) Starting

at Syte

1£9

in

the

header

block.

The

cor-

responding record

of

the destination

file ia marked

with the

message HDCOPY^BAD

SECTOR.

To locate the bad record, determine the offset

into

the

file

by sub-

tracting

the

starting record

number

(fifth field) from

the

bad

record

number

Add

1

because

the

tirst

record

always

contains

the header

information. For example, if Record

i4ffl

is

bad,

and the diskette

contains

tho block

of

Records

1OT

lo

300, tho

bad

record is

the

41sl

record

in the file:

Hfi

-

1W

=

4*

1-

1 (header)

-

41

st record

Bytes

1

-

2

3-

14

15

•31

32 33

34 35 36

-37

38 39

4<J

45

46

47

4B

I2A

129

256

3C

To

repair

the

record,

determine

the original

contents

of the

defec-

tive

source

file

.record, limn write

this

information

to the proper

record on

the

destination disk.

After

the record

is repaired,

write zeroes over

the bad

record

indication

in the header

(Bytes

129-256).

Follow this

procedure

again

lor each bad

record.

if you do

not

corrccl ail

Iho records, the remaining

2-byte record

numbers

should

be moved

to the from of the

field,

starting

ai

Byte 129.

31

Chapter 7

Problems and

Error

Messages

Boot Errors

If you try to remove a disketie

while

the drive-access fight is on,

your

computer system might "hang up." It this

happens, and

you

waul to lui

HiMLe

1Mb uperalion, reiiisbi 1 1Mb diskbllb and uluse Ihb

drive

door. Then press

r.SRTTT}

and

iHHSakj

at the same time.

If this doesn't work, reset lha system.

Licicd below arc

orrer

mcceagcc the system

might

dioplay upon

startup. IF

you

see an error

message that

is

not on

this

list,

it

is

one

of

the

following:

A

message

From

your

application program. See your

application program manual.

•

A message from the individual TRSDOS command, util-

ity,

or

feature

you

are using

If

the

message

is

not self-

explanatory, see the individual

command

listing

in

ihe

Model 4/4P Disk

System Owner's

Manual.

-

A Ticcjage

that

is

unique

to the Model 4R Soc Appendix

B of Introduction to

Your

Model 4P Disk System.

Boot

Error,

The

disk from which you tried to boot

is

blank

or inserted

incorrectly.

Also check to see that

the power

is

turned

on

to all parts

ol ihe system

and

that

the drive door

is

closed.

Cannot boot, DATA DISK! You are trying

to boot

your

system with a data dish instead ot

a

system

disk.

Disk

Error.

An error occurred

during

Ihc

loading

of tho

Operating

system. Try again. If the problem recurs, try

a

dif-

ferent diskette

Error nn

.

Part

of

the

operating

system could not be loaded

during boot. Try using

a

different

diskette

33

H

,

There

is a problem with the hard dish. If

the

H

is

not flash trig,

the hard disk drive

(s

lurned off rjr

disconnected If

the H 13

Hashing,

the drive has not yet reached its operating

speed

.

When

the drive

is ready, the H disappears.

N o S

y

s t e m

.

You

are

iryir>g

to boot

your system

with a data disk

instead

Of a system

disk.

Hot a

system

di

Bk,

You are trying to boot your system

with

a data disk instead

of

a system

disk,

If no

message appears

and the syslem does not load, check

to

be sure that there

is

a

system

or boot

disk

In

Drive 9. Also see

that the disk is

Insened

correctly

and that the

drive

door is dosed.

34

Appendix A

Initializing

Your

System Manually

Overview

As

stated in

Chapter

4,

the HARDGEN program sets

up

a system

confiyuieliuii

uainy

spetifii;

ijatleins. BKuauas Ltieae

jjat

terns

are

limited,

you may want

lo

manually initialize

from TRSDOS

Ready. Before attempting to use this. prnnerinrft man

this

appendix

and

Appendix

B

completely

Appendix B describes

an

alternate

initialization procedure,

the head-by-head

assignment

option ot

HAKLKahN, which

you

may find simpler

and better

suited

to yogr

purposes.

Also, be

suns

you have backups ol your TRSDOS

diskette. Hard Disk Initialisation

Diskette,

and any information on

your hard disk drives.

Before beginning the manual initialization, turn

off all

equipment,

and

obtain

the Media

Error

Map from trie bottom ol each

hard

disk

dnve. Yuu Aril I

netj?o

I

Ms

in

fun nation whwri

you run the loi matting

program.

For more information

on

some o*f the commands used in

this

appendix,

refer

to your Model 4MPDf$k

System

Owner's

Manual,

Using manual

initialization,

you can separate each

physical

hard

disk

drive

into logical drives, or partitions.

In

addition, you can Ueieriniriti

it

14 yiiu

yf t>au!i logical drive by

selecting

tne

number

of readfwrite

heads

to

assign

lo il On a

S-megabyte hard disk,

each

head arirk 1,3fi megabytes rn ths

%\?$

of

the drive.

On a 15-megabyte

hard disk,

each head adds 2.5a

megabytes.

"You

can

assign as many as 4 heads

to

each

logical

drive.

For

example, a 15-

megabyte

hard disk

u»r might allocate

Hcodo

1

through

4

to

Logical Drive

1,

making

it

a 10- megabyte

drive,

and

Heacs

5 and 6

to

Logical Drive

2,

making ii

a

5-megabyte

drive.

To

configure

your hard disk manually,

you

must

do the following:

1. Set

up

the

logical

drives.

(Specify their

numbers

and sizes

J

2.

Formal

the drives,

3.

Move the

operating system

to

the

hard

disk.

4. Make

the

hard

disk the system

device.

5.

Store

tha

configuration

on

the

Boot

Diskette,

:>5

Procedure

The entire initialization procedure

is

covered step-by-slep in ihe

sections that follow.

Motice

that it

you do

no( want to use a nana

disk as the system disk,

you

will perform only the first

two

opera-

tions and

a SYSGEN command.

This

is explained in detail in

'

'Using Hard

Disks

as Data

Drives"

Setting Up the Logical Drives

Using

a

backup

copy

of the Hard

Disk Initialization Diskette, reset

your sysiern while holding down

(ENTEEP.

Then, for each logical

drive

that

you

wish

to set up,

enter

Ihe

SYSTEM library command

and answer

the

questions presented.

The

syntax

(or

SYSTEM

Is:

SYSTFM (n>RlVF=n ntSARI F.DRIVFR ='TRSHD6")

n

specifies

the logical

drive to sal up. It

is

a

number

in

the

range

1

to 7

SYSTEM displays the

following

prompts, one at a time, Anawor

each according |o

your

configuration

needs.

Note: Pressing ; BREAK: in response to any

question

Causes

the

SYSTEM

command

to

exit, and returns

you

to

T r

5 DOS

Ready,

1. Enter

drive

«t

I

ert address

<1-4>

Enter

the

number

of the

physical hard disk drive

that is to

con-

tain

the

logicaE drive

specified

in

the command

line.

Addresses

1 through

4

correspond

to the

primary

hard

disk

drive

through

tho lhird secondary hard rtisk drive, respectively.

2.

Enter

totaL

number

of

heads

on

drive <1-S>

If the physical drive to be used is a 5-meg, type 4

c

enter

.

If

it

is

a

15-iiiey, type fl

CEEPHBD

.

{Nutt?;

ff

yuu

have

run

SYSTEM before,

and

haw already assigned some of

the

heads

on this hard disk, this prompt is

sapped

)

3. Enter physical, tracks

per

surface*

5-meg use's, lyae 153

7£HTEfT.

15-meg users, type

306

:emteb

:.

(Nolo: M

you

haw run SYSTEM before,

and

sol

up

a

logical

drive on ihis disk

r

this

prompt

is

skipped.)

4. Enter step rate for drive:

SYSTEM asks this question only for II iw tiisl lugic-al drive

assignment on a

hard

disk system. Type .(1

CEMEE.

36

5.

Heads aLready in jse

<.-*-.*-.*-.-.>

Enter niiiabtr of heads for partition <1-n> Enter starting

head:

IF

you have

already

set

up

any

logical drives on the physical

drive being partitioned. SYSTEM displays the heads already

a! o&aiod , Vou eon now

a

ntcr the heads to allocate to the logical

drive

currently

being set up-

Keep in

mind

that

a logical

drive

cannot span 2 physical drives.

In

addition, enter the

head at

which

to

start the

logical drive.

Wti r etu n ii r i w

Hi

I

hat

yuu ulhi l wtlF i 1 ai i U wui k j j tu Lhu I iy I itsi

-

'lummred

heads. For

example,

if you have assigned Heads

3 and 4. SYSTEM displays'

Heads already

in

use

<,-.-3-4>

Eater number

of

heads

for

partition

<1-2>

Enter starting head;

if you are assigning 1 head, you can specify either Head 1

or

2. However, if you

are assigning

2 h&ads, you must specify

Head 1,

Specifying heads that are in use or specifying a starting head

I hat causes an overlap of existing assigned heads is not

allowed.

Doing

so

causes

the

following

message to appear:

Heads requested

conflict

with heads

i n-use I

In

the event

of

such

an

error, SYSTEM

asks you for

the correct

head number.

If

you specify 4 heads and the

drive

has only

4

heads available, SYSTEM does not ask for a starting head.

Repeal ttie SYSTEM command as i igcHssai

y

unLil

yog

have

assigned

all

read/write

heads.

Formatting the Hard

Disk Drive

Your

Hard Disk

Initialize ion Diskette contains

a

program called

TRSFORM6/CMD

ihat

formats

a

logical

drive

set

up

with

the

SYSTEM command, Vou must run TR5FORM6 once for each

logical drive

you crealed

To run

tho

program, typo:

TRSFORM6

dEUE)

37

TRSF0RM6 asks the following questions:

Note; Pressing

CJBHE4&J

as a

response

to any of the prompts

causes program

to

exit,

and

re<urns

you la

T

R S DO S Ready.

1.

yhich drive

is

to be used

\

Enter the

logical drive

number

(1-7)

you assigned with the

SYSTEM command.

2. Disk

Pack name?

Enter a disk pack name

for

the logical drive.

The

name

can

have Irom

1 ID 8 afprianumeric- characters, the first

of

which

is

a letter

a.

Master

Password?

Enter

the

master

password you want assigned to the

logical

drive. The

password can have from

1

to S alphanumeric

characters, the first of which is

a

letter. For

hard

disks,

we

recommend you use a

password

other

than

PASSWORD, This

keeps you from

inadvertently

reformatting

the disk.

If

you have previously formatted

the hard drive,

TRSFORM6

displays

this message:

Disk

contains

data

-

Name=df

sknaine

vaxe-mm/dd/yy

Enter

its

Master- Password

or

to abort i

This

is

the last point ai which

you

can slop

the formatting. The

system

asks tor the master password, even if

it

is

PASSWORD.

Answer the prompt

accordingly. To

stop the process, press

4.

Lock out track manually <Y/N>7

If you wish

to

lock

out Hawed tracks so that

the operaiing

system

never

tries

to

write

to tnem, type Y

'

/fhtett

i.

it

you do

not wish lo

do

so,

type N

SHERD,

and

TRSFORMS

proceeds

to Step 5.

If

you type Y

center

i

r

TRSFORM6

displays

these prompts.

Enter physical

head number

<m-n>

Enter

physical track number t1-n>

36

Refer to the Mtedia Error Map that

contains the

informal

ion for

the logscal

drive spedlied in Step 1. Enter information for one

track

at a

time. Enter

l he head

number

in

the range m to n,

in

which

m

is

the

starting

head

of

the logical drive, and

a is

the

ending

head,

truer

the

track

n

umber

in the range 1 to n,

in which n is the ending

track

of

the

logical

drive,

After

you

reSOchd

to the

prompts, TRSFORM6

asks

il

you want

to lock out more tracks. If you.

do, type

V

CEMIEHj. If

not, type

N

:

entehI

5.

TR3FORM9

now

formats and verifies

the logical drive. The

verification takes longer than

it

does

on

a

floppy diskette,

because the hard disk has more storage to check.

When finished

formatting, TR5FORM6

puts the directory in-

formation

on

the

logical

drive.

Using

Hard Dieke ac Data Driwfc. Most likely,

you

will

want

to

put

TFSDOS on

a

hard

disk

to make that

disk

the system drive,

If, however, you do not want to put

TRSOGS

on hard disk

(you

want to use

all

hard disks as data disks}, type the following

com-

mand now:

SYSGEN

HEHTEWI

This

command

stores the

system's

drive

configuration on

the

Initialization Diskette in Drive

$

To access Ihe data on the hard

disk,

you must

boot the

system

with

this Initialization

Diskette.

Therefore, mako eovoral

backups

of the diskette

immediately. If

you

lose

all copies of the diskette,

perform Ihe Initialization

again, but omit the formatting.

I f

you

are using

the hard disks as data drives,

you

are

f I n

ished

with

the

initialization.

Do not do the steps thai follow.

Moving

TRSDOS Version

6

To

Your Hard Disk

If

you want the

hard

disk to bo t ho system drive, you must perform

the test ol ihe

initialization.

This

includes

moving TRSDOS to hard

disk, making the hard disk the system

device,

and

slohnq the con-

figuration

on the boot diskette.

To

move TRSDOS Lu yum lidid

disk,

Mluw

Ithtfstf

Slews;

1

. Insed a backup of the master Hard Disk Initialization Diskette

into Floppy

Drive 0.

39

This command

telteTRSDOSto

write the configuration file on the

floppy

diskette

in Drive

ft*.

The Initialization Diskette

nti*hwnmBs

your Boot

Diskette,

Using

the TRSDOS

JCL

for Hard Disk

Drive

Setup

At the beginning uF the

Initial Ltalitm

pitx^duiw, you sel up the

logical

drives

by

responding

to prompts one at a time, If you

wish,

ynii nan instead r reAte a JCL File that contains responses to the

seiup prompts. We

recommend

you use the file only once—the

first

time you set

up

a

logical disk

drive.

This is because

some

prompts may be

skipped

later, and th& JCL

responses must cor-

respond to

the prompts lor which they are intended.

Here Is an example JCL file:

SYSTEM

(DRIVE

=

4.DlSABLE

f

DRIVER ="TRSHD6")

1

4

153

.01

2

1

This file specifies that Logical Drive 4 is to be set up

on Physical

Drive 1. That physical drive contains 4 read/write heads

and 153

tracks per surface. Il has a step rate of jfiM

milliseconds-

The file

allocates

2 heads io

Logical

Drive

4,

starting

with the first head

(Head

1).

Note; If you

inaKa

a

mistake

in yuur

JCL

filtj, ycu may have

to

reset the

computer and begin again.

41

Appendix

B

Initializing with

HARDGEN's

Option

D

(Head-by-Head

Procedure

This

append^

describes

the way to use Option D of the allocation

menu

of

The HARDGEN program. Before

attempting

to use this

option

,

you should be familiar with the TRSDOS 6

operating

system

and Us

initialization procedures. >fbu

should also

have

analysed

your system requirements.

The

major purpose

ol Option

D

is to

allow programmers to con-

figure

a

TRSDOS 6

hard disk system to their requirements

when

no

other HARDGEN option enables them to do so.

Option D produces a

JCL

file that

performs

the

initialisation,

It

also

produces a

small

file thai provides

an

audit

trail

of

the

system con-

figuration

on

initialization.

Option does not check on the

suitability

of

every

data

Hem that

you

enter. It is

up

to you lo determine that everything is in order

before going en to ihe initialization.

Two sample uses

of Option

D are

given

at I he

end

of

the

appendix

.

Follow Steps 1 through 8 of the

HARDGEN

program.

At

Step S,

choose

Option

D;

then

follow

ihe

steps

below:

ft HARDGEN prompts you with a

warning,

to prevent the

accidental

use

of

Option D, followed by the question:

Are you sure you wish to continue

If you

are prepared

to

continue,

type V

CEBft*Ei$ and continue

to yiep 18

below,

it not, type N

LEMIEED,

and HARDGEN

returns

to

Step

&

1G, HARDGEN

displays another

warning, Press

the space

bar

to

continue. The program asks you to detine the type

of

physical

device to which each of the S possible logical drives is to be

assigned.

43

Answers

must be

in

the range to 3. Give answers that reflect

the way you v*arrt

your system set up:

fl 'or drive slots to remain

unassinned

1 for logical drives to

be

assigned

to floppy

2 tor logical drives lo be assigned

to

hard disk

3 to reserve a logical drive

number

lor

Memdlsk

use

H responses

are

not in the correct

range,

HARD<aEN displays

the

word What . This prompt gives

you

the

chance

to cor-

rect

the

error.

From

Step

6,

HARDGEN already knows the

number of logical

drives

that you intend to have

lor

each purpose.

Therefore, if

you

try

to assign more

drives

to a type than

previously

indicated, pi

displays the

message

Too

many,

HARDGEN asks you for the head-by-head

assignment of

each

logical

hard drive, For each drive, rt aslts

for

the physical

dnve

number,

the

number

of the head on which the logical drive

starts,

and the

number

of heads to be used:

Which

Physical

drive?

Enter

the

number

of the physical drive to

contain

the

logical

drive,

The number muat be in

the

range

1

to

rt,

where n is the

number ol physical

hard

drives, (Numbers 1

through

4

corre-

spond to the

primary

hard disk drive

through the third

secorv

d a

ry

hard disk drive, respectively.

whi

ch

Start:

i ng head?

Fntai

the number of the

head

at

which

to start l he

logical

drive.

The

number

must

be in

the

range

j

through n, where n

is the

number of heads on

the hard

drive.

How fflany

heads

to use?

Enter

the number of

heads to allocate to the logical

drive

You

cannot allocate

more than

4 heads to the drive, Other than

that, you can. allocate as

many

heads as you want, from the

starting

head

to the ending head of

the logical

drive. For

example, if

me starting

head

is

Head

2,

you

can

use

as many

as 3 heads, which are

Heads 2,

3,

and

4

If you have

a

15-megabyte

hard

disk,

the disk has 6 read/write

heads

per physical drive. Since you

can allocate

only 4 heads

lo each

logical

drive, allocate

the

2

extra

heads to

second

logical drive.

44

Example

#1

Note: If, in Step

10,

you assigned Logical Drive

as a hard

drive,

use

the

primary

hard

disk

driw and

the

first head

on

it as

responses

to

the first

two prompts in Step 11. Any

other

assignment

produces an

error,

and HARDGENt gives

you the

opportunity

lo reassign. If you specify a head assignment

that

appears

to be in conflict, HARDGEN

displays

an

ve r i a

p

message,

This means that either a

or the

current

assignment

is

incorrect,

Be

sure

the data you enter is

appropriate for

your circum-

stances. The

program

does not check your entries. If

you

enter

bad data, you may

get

a

program error

such as Subscript

out of range, or you may

sea

a

strange

screen in Step

12

12. HARDGEN

asks

you to press any key

to

continue.

Press

I he

space

bar.

HARDGEN now displays a picture

of

the system

as you have defined it.

Check to be

su<e

the system meets your requirements.

At

this

point,

vou

have I

he

option

of

correcting

any

discernahle

er-

rors or

of

continuing

to the initialization.

\ou can also try any

other system

configuration tor

comparison, if you think there

is

more than one way

to

configure

the system

to

suit

your

needs.

Only

when

you are satisfied that the

system

is workable

and

acceptable to

you

should

you type ¥

i

ENTER

in

response

to

the

question

Is the confi guration

acceptable*

If

you ate not satisfied,

type

N

'enter

to return to Step 2.

13. Option

D

now

rejoins the

main HARDGEN

program

at its

Step 13. It displays a

screen

that

reminds you that you used

Option

D,

and

it

produces

the audit trail

file

README/PCM,

Otherwise, the

screens

and instructions

from here on

out

are

identical lo

those

in

me

main

program,

The

JCL instructions

that are

appropriate for

your particular

configuration

are

generated and

should execute

without error.

Note:

The

examples in

this

appendix

are not intended lu ue

either

exhaustive or

accurate in every

respect,

Trtey are

Intended only as a aeneral

guide for

programmers

with

special

configuration

needs

It is fully

expected that

those using

Option D will

adhere

to good data

processing

practice

and

use

extreme caution

umii

satisfied

that the

system

will run

satisfactorily.

45

Assume I hat you have iwo 5-megabyte hard disk drives on which

lo store an application program's dale. \bu

analyze the

storage

requirement,

and

find

thai

4

logical hard drives

need to

be

available

under

TR900S 6,

end

the

first

and

second

logical

drives

must be at least 3

megabytes each.

If

you USfl

Option

C

at

Step

B of the HARDGEW program, it

allocates

all the

primary

hard disk's space to Logical

Drive 0- Thus,

1

does

produce

a Logical

Drive

IS

that

has the necessary 3

megabytes-

However,

it allocates the secondary disk's space to

3 logical drives: Logical Drive 1

(2

heads).

Logical

Drive

£

(i

head)-.

and

Logical Drive

3

(1

head)

Thus, Drive 1

has

Z 5

megabytes.

not

Ihe

necessary 3

megabytes. Under

the given circumstances.

the system produced is not acceptable.

In fad, the only

way

to

produce

an

acceptable system

is to use

Option as describee below:

Follow

HARDGEN Slope 1 trough

5

ac jcual.

& Respond lo

the

prompts as indicated:

Prompt

Response

How many

logical drives

do

you

want to

have

on

/our i/item?

How many

floppy drives do

you

want to use on your system?

Do you

want

to

reserve

a

Logical,

drive

for

use uith

M&mdi £k?

How many Logical drives

do

you

want

to

use on

your

hard

di sks?

6

fJEHUffi

a

cebue

N

lEHTEHl

4

dHUBD

7. If you have

emered the information correctly,

type N

lenter

so indicate that

you don't

want

to

make

any

changes.

8. Choose Oplion D, and type Y

(ENTER"

to continue.

46

9, Press ihe

space bar

to continue

10 the

prompts lor drive

use.

When prompted for the type of device 1o which to assign each

of the 8 possible logical

drives,

type:

;ewttt£

ENTER

PMTFR

B

ehteb

;

rEHTER:

These answers assign

Logical

Drives

9 through

3 as hard

drives, Logical Drives 4

and 5

as floppy drives.

Logical

Drives

b

ana

f

are unassigned

anrj

are availably

tor

any future use except hard disk

use.

Therefore, if you later wish

to

use onfl

of

them for

Momdisk.

you can do eo.

10. When

asked for the head-by-head assignment, respond to the

prompts as Indicated:

Prompt

Response

Which Ph

>

3 i c a L drive?

Whi

ch Start i ng head?

How many

heads to use?

Which Physical drive? Which Starting head?

How many heads to use?

Which Physical drive? Which

Start

f ng heed?

How

many

heads

to use?

1

JcNTrn

1

fEHTFg)

3 HHUE)

1

i WTFff

i

3 CEHHEJ

1

fEUYEBI

4

i

ENTER

j

1

fEMTER

i

Which Physical

drive?

Which

Start i ng head?

How

many

heads to use?

2

rgHTEEi

4

turn*:'

1

(MUE)

These responses make:

•

Logical Drive (3.75 megabytes) the first 3 heads on

the primary

hard

drrue.

•

Logical Drive

1

(3.75 megabytes) the

first

3 heads on

the secondary hard drive.

47

Example

#2

•

Logical Drive

2

(1

25 megabytes}

the

last

head

on

the primary drive,

•

Logical

Drive

3

fl.25

megabytes) the

last head

or

ihe secondary

drrve.

Study the display to

be

5une

you

entered

Li

ie

uurrsut data. Then

press ihe

space

bar

to conlinue.

11,

Type

V

ENTER)

if Ihe configuration

is

acceptable.

16

complete

ihe

mitigiizatBCA

toUow

Steps 13 through

16

of

ihe

main

HARDGEN

program.

Assume

thai TRSDOS and

CP/M*

are

to share a system thai

has

two

5-

megabyte hard driwss

and

one

IB-megabyte hard dfiva that

Is terminated

as

the

tesl physical hard

drive.

Three

restrictions

are imposed by both

TRSDOS

and

CP/M:

•

The two systems

cannot

be on Ihe same

physical

hard

drive.

•

TRSDOS

6

must

occupy the primary drive

so

ibat

yoj cart

boot TRSDOS

as

the

system hard

drive.

•

A hard drive for CP/M must be

previously

tormatled

under

LDOSl or

TR3DOS b^ause

CP/M

dwes iiiM haws a tor-

mat routine for

the

hard dnve.

Suppose you

analyse

the storage

requirements

under TRSDOS

and CPtM

and decide that

you

need

Ihe tallowing.:

•

At

least 15

megabytes of

storage

under

TRSDOS, on 2

physical

drives, in

7 logical

drives

with

a

distribution

that

is

as

even

as

possible.

•

At least

5

megabytes

of

storage under

CP/M. on 1

logical

hard

drlve.

These

slo rage

requi

remen ts i mply t

halt

he second of the

3 d

rives

will be the

one

to

contain

CP/M.

*

CP/M

is

a registered

trademar*

ot

Digital

Research.

t

LDOS is a

trademark

of

Logical Systems,

Inc.

48

If TRSDOS needed orty 6 logical hard drives, and

if

an even

spread

were

not critical,

you

could

do

The following:

1. Use

normal HARDGEN procedures

to

set up the system

as

a

TRSDGS-onry

system

.

2. Use SYSTEM (DRIVE

=

n,DIGABLE> to

disable

the logical

drivejs}

associated

with

ihe second

physical

hard

drive.

3. Use SYSGEN (DRIVE

=

fd) to

reconfigure

the

boot

disk.

This, however, is

not

the

case,

so

you

must

use Option D. Details

follow

for

first the CP/M part ol ihe system and I hen ihe

TRSDOS

pari

of

the

system.

CP/M Initialization

Follow Steps 1 and 2 ol trie main HARDGEN routine.

3.

Enter \ for

the

number

of

floppy drives

arid

3 for

the number

of hard drives. (General

rule:

Answer the hard drive question

with the true number.)

4. Fntfir |h« appropriate serial numhers

5.

Enter

Ihe

drive

size,

if

asked

for

it.

6. HARDGEN requires that you

reserve

as

many logical

drives

for hard drive

use as

there

arc

physical drives

in

ihe

system.

Therefore, respond

to

the prompts

as

indicated:

Prompt

Response

H o w m a n

y

Logical

drives

do

you

5

:

enter

j

yant

to have on

your system?

How many

floppy

drives

do

you

1

center]

nam to use on your system?

HDyQu Mart to reserve a N

Iehteh

)

logical drive tor use with

Memdisk?

How

many

logical

drives do you

4

rENTERI

want

to

use

on

your

hard

disks?

49

(General

rule; You

need

to

have

at least as many logica! hard

dtives

a*

there

are physical driva*.

bul no more than the

number of

heads

to be

formatted

by

TRSDOS

6 for CPfU use.

For example- with

3

physical

hard

drives, the

attempted assign-

ment otonly 1 logical

hard

drive

is not allowed,

and, because

this example uses one 5-megabyte drive for CP/M, you do

not

want to format b heads, so ir>e assignment ot b logical

drives

would

be a

waste

of lime,)

7

If

you

have enlered

the information correctly, type f\l

rEHTER"

to indicate

that

you

don't want

lo make arty changes,

8.

Ctioose Option

D, and 1ype Y

Center

lo continue.

9.

Press

the

space

bar to

continue

to the prompts for drive use.

When prompted tor

the

type of

device to which to assign each

of the 6 possible logical

drives, type:

1

CEHTEHJ

2

r

ENTEfL

2

rEKTTEffl

2

QEHIEE)

2 i

ENTERl

i

ENTER

.

QEHIEE]

-EHTeTTi

These answers

assign

Logical

Drive

Q as Ihe system floppy

drive and Logical Drives

1 through

4

as

hard drives-

Logical

Drives

5

through

7

remasn unassigned.

10 When asked for

the

head-by-head

assign

ment, respond

to the

prompis as Indicated:

Prompt

Response

Whi

ch Physi cal

drive?

2

CEHEEE5

Which

Starti

ng

head? 1

nEBTERl

How many

heads

to use?

1

fmtfr

Whi ch Physi

ca

I

Or

i ve? 2

LEHIEHJ

Which

Starting

head?

2

( ENTER i

How many heads

to use?

1 fEWTETTi

Which

Physical drive?

2

OEHTEH

-

!

Which

Starting

heed?

3

center

'

HnymanyhparlKtotiSF''?

1

CFMrEn

i

Which

Physica I dri ve?

2 reffTEFT

i

Which Start ing head?

4

dHTED

How

many

heads

to use?

1 fEMtER

i

50

These

responses assign all

4

logical hard drives

lo the

second

physical hard driue, with each

logical

drive using 1 head.

(General rule; At ihJs poim, you must ensure that all logical

hard

drives have been given physical allocation

and that the

allocation

covers every

head

of

each drive

I hat is to be used

under

CP/M,)

Study the

display

to be sure you

entered

ihe correct data.

Then

press

ihe

space bar

to continue.

11.

"type

¥

ifcHTER;

it the

configuration

is acceptable.

You reiufn

to

the

main

program,

and

TRStXJS

should

formal

the

drives without

any problem.

To

use

the

second

physical drive under

CP/M,

you

must follow

the

steps

below:

1.

To

be

sure

the system is

as

you

expect it, type:

DIR

:0

rFTTEffl

This should access

only

the system

floppy

drive. Now type:

DIR

CEEEBj

This should access the

system floppy

drive,

and

then give

the

names

you

assigned

to

the

4

logrcal

hard drives without

filenames (blank disks),

2.

To restore

the

TRSDOS

6 Initialization DiSkeltO tor

later

use,

type;

AUTO BASIC HARDGEN/BAS

iEtffEff]

SYSG6N

{NO}

I

WTER-

3

If you

haw

a printer, print Ihe audit trail file

by

typing:

LIST README/PCM

(P)

rENTETD

Examine the printout and replace each occurrence of the

word

TRS0O3 with the word CP/M to remind you of [tie

configura-

tion

details.

51

To complete the

initiaFiiation

of

the

CP/M

hard drive,

do

the

following:

1. Remove the TRSDOS Initialization Diskette from Floppy

Drive and replace it with either CP/M Disk 1 (lor 54K Model 4

or

4P)

or

CP/M

Disk

2

(for

136K

Model

4

or

4P).

2. Reset the system to boot under CP/M; then answer the date

and

time

prompts.

3. Place CP/M Disk 5 in Floppy

Drive

B,

and give CP/M

informa-

tion

about

your hard

disks by

typing

the

loilowmg

lines:

SETUP

;EHtlWi

2 3

V

2

E

T

You

are

telling CP/M thai

you are about

to

use

hard drives

and,

because the

one

you wish

to

initialize

is

the

second

physical

drive, you are teliing it that 2 drives exist. The last line

tells

CP/M to test the updated conliguralion

and

return to the

system.

4. Type these

lines

to

initialize

the CP/M

Radio Shack TRS-80, 4, 4P Hardware Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual