Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
Preliminary specification
File under Integrated Circuits, IC01
1997 Jun 18
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
FEATURES
General
• Complete stereo USB-DAC system with integrated
filtering and line output drivers
• Supports USB-compliant audio multimedia devices over
an industry standard USB-compatible 4-wire cable
• Supports 12 Mbits/s ‘full speed’ serial data transmission
• Fully automatic ‘Plug-and-Play’ operation
• Supports multiple audio data formats
• 3.3 V power supply
• Low power consumption
• Efficient power management mode
• On-chip master clock oscillator, only an external crystal
is required
• High linearity
• Wide dynamic range
• Superior signal-to-noise ratio
• Low total harmonic distortion
• Easy application and inexpensive to implement
• Partly programmable USB descriptors via EEROM
• 28 lead Small Outline package (SO28) or
32 Shrink Dual Inline package (SDIP32).
Sound processing
• Separate digital volume control for left and right channel
• Soft mute
• Digital bass and treble tone control
• External Digital Sound Processor (DSP) option possible
via standard I2S or Japanese digital I/O-format
• Selectable clipping prevention
• Selectable Dynamic Bass Boost (DBB)
• On-chip digital de-emphasis.
Document references
•
“USB Specification”
•
“USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices”
release 0.9
•
“Device Class Definition for Human Interface Devices
(HID)”
, release 1.0 draft 4
•
“USB HID Usage Table”,
, release 1.0
,
release 0.7f.
UDA1321
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The UDA1321 is a stereo CMOS digital-to-analog
bitstream converter designed for USB-compliant audio
devices and multimedia audio applications. The UDA1321
is an adaptive asynchronous sink USB audio device with a
continuous sampling frequency range from 5 to 55 kHz. It
contains a USB-interface, an embedded micro controller
and an Asynchronous Digital-to-Analog Converter
(ADAC).
The USB-interface is the interface between the USB, the
ADAC and the microcontroller. The USB-interface consists
of an analog front-end and a USB-processor. The analog
front-end transforms the differential USB-data to a digital
data stream. The USB-processor buffers incoming and
outgoing data from the analog front-end and handles all
low level USB protocols. The USB-processor selects the
relevant data from the bus, performs an extensive error
detection and separates control information (in- and
out-going) and audio information (in-going only). The
control information is made accessible to the
microcontroller. The audio information becomes available
at the digital I/O-output or is fed directly to the ADAC.
The microcontroller handles the high level USB protocols,
translates the incoming control requests and takes care of
the user interface, through general purpose pins, and an
2
I
C port.
The ADAC enables the wide and continuous range of input
sampling frequencies. By means of a Sample Frequency
Generator (SFG), the ADAC is able to reconstruct the
average sample frequency from the incoming audio
samples. Furthermore the ADAC performs the sound
processing. The ADAC consists of a FIFO, an unique
audio feature processing DSP, the SFG, digital upsample
filters, a variable hold register, a Noise Shaper (NS) and a
Filter Stream DAC (FSDAC) with integrated filter and line
output drivers. The audio information is applied to the
ADAC via the USB-processor or via the digital I/O-input.
Via the digital I/O-bus an external DSP can be used for
adding extra sound processing features.
The UDA1321 supports the standard I2S-bus data input
format and the LSB justified serial data input format with
word lengths of 16, 18 and 20 bits.
1997 Jun 182
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
UDA1321
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
The wide dynamic range of the bitstream conversion
technique used in the UDA1321 guarantees a high audio
sound quality.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMIN.TYP.MAX.UNIT
Power supplies
V
DD
I
DD
I
DD(ps)
supply voltagenote 13.03.33.6V
supply current−50mA
supply current (power-saving mode)−18−mA
Dynamic performance DAC
(THD + N)/Stotal harmonic distortion plus
noise-to-signal ratio
S/Nsignal-to-noise ratio at bipolar zeroA-weighted at
V
FS(o)(rms)
full-scale output voltage (RMS value)VDD= 3.3 V−0.66−V
1. All VDD and VSS pins must be connected to the same supply or ground respectively.
ORDERING INFORMATION
TYPE
NUMBER
NAMEDESCRIPTIONVERSION
PACKAGE
UDA1321TSO28plastic small outline package; 28 leads; body width 7.5 mmSOT136-1
UDA1321SDIP32plastic shrink dual in-line package; 32 leads (400 mil)SOT232-1
1997 Jun 183
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
handbook, full pagewidth
22
TC
23
RTCB
SHTCB
GP4/BCKO
GP3/WSO
GP2/DO
GP1/DI
GP0/BCKI
GP5/WSI
4
3
2
1
28
24
25
TCB
D+
D−
65
ANALOG FRONT END
USB-PROCESSOR
DIGITAL I/O
MICRO-
CONTROLLER
UDA1321
GP6/SCL
26
27
GP7/SDA
V
SSX
XTAL1
XTAL2
V
DDX
VOUTL
FREQUENCY
GENERATOR
11
12
13
14
21
SAMPLE
OSC
TIMING
FIFO
fs_in
AUDIO FEATURE
PROCESSING DSP
fs_in
UPSAMPLE FILTERS
64fs_in
VARIABLE HOLD REGISTER
128fs
3th ORDER
NOISE SHAPER
LEFT
DAC
REFERENCE
VOLTAGE
RIGHT
DAC
UDA1321T
10
20
19
17
16
18
9
8
7
V
DDE
V
SSE
V
SSI
V
DDI
V
DDO
V
SSO
V
DDA
V
SSA
VOUTR
15
V
Fig.1 Block diagram SO28 pinning.
1997 Jun 184
ref
MGG999
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
UDA1321
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
PINNING
SYMBOL
PIN
SDIP32
GP2/DO11I/Ogeneral purpose pin/data output pin for extra DSP chip (digital)
GP3/WSO22I/Ogeneral purpose pin/master word select output pin for extra DSP chip (digital)
GP4/BCKO33I/Ogeneral purpose pin/master bit clock output pin for extra DSP chip (digital)
SHTCB44Ishift clock TCB (active HIGH; digital)
5−n.c.
D−65I/Onegative data line of the differential data bus conforming to the USB-standard
D+76I/Opositive data line of the differential data bus conforming to the USB-standard
V
V
V
V
DDI
SSI
SSE
DDE
87−digital supply digital core
98−digital ground core
109−digital ground I/O pads
1110−digital supply I/O pads
12−n.c.
V
SSX
1311−crystal oscillator ground
XTAL11412Icrystal connection (analog)
XTAL21513Ocrystal connection (analog)
V
DDX
1614−supply crystal oscillator
17−n.c.
V
V
V
ref
SSA
DDA
1815IV
1916−analog ground
2017−analog supply
VOUTR2118Ovoltage output pin right channel (analog)
V
V
28−n.c.
GP5/WSI2925I/Ogeneral purpose pin (digital)
GP6/SCL3026I/Ogeneral purpose pin/clock line I
GP7/SDA3127I/Ogeneral purpose pin/data line I
GP1/DI3228I/Ogeneral purpose pin/data input pin from extra DSP chip (digital)
PIN
SO28
I/ODESCRIPTION
(analog)
(analog)
output pin (analog)
ref
2
C-bus (digital)
2
C-bus (digital)
1997 Jun 185
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
handbook, halfpage
GP2/DO
GP3/WSO
GP4/BCKO
SHTCB
D−
D+
V
DDI
V
SSI
V
SSE
V
DDE
V
SSX
XTAL1
XTAL2
V
DDX
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UDA1321T
8
9
10
11
12
13
MGG998
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
1514
GP1/DI
GP7/SDA
GP6/SCL
GP5/WSI
GP0/BCKI
RTCB
TC
VOUTL
V
DDO
V
SSO
VOUTR
V
DDA
V
SSA
V
ref
handbook, halfpage
GP3/WSOGP7/SDA
GP4/BCKOGP6/SCL
UDA1321
GP2/DOGP1/DI
SHTCBGP5/WSI
1
2
3
4
n.c.
5
D−GP0/BCKI
6
D+RTCB
7
V
8
DDI
V
SSI
V
SSE
V
DDE
n.c.
V
SSX
XTAL1
XTAL2
V
DDX
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
UDA1321
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
MBK135
n.c.
TC
VOUTL
V
DDO
V
SSO
VOUTR
V
DDA
V
SSA
V
ref
n.c.
Fig.2 Pin configuration SO28.
1997 Jun 186
Fig.3 Pin configuration SDIP32.
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Data and power is transferred via the USB over a 4-wire
cable.
The signalling occurs over two wires and point-to-point
segments. The signals on each segment are differentially
driven into a cable of 90 Ω intrinsic impedance.
The differential receiver features input sensitivity of at least
200 mV and sufficient common mode rejection.
The analog front-end
The analog front-end is an on-chip generic USB
transceiver.
It is designed to allow voltage levels up to VDD from
standard or programmable logic to interface with the
physical layer of the USB. It is capable of receiving and
transmitting serial data at full speed (12 Mbits/s).
The analog front-end can be switched in power saving
mode.
The USB-processor
The USB-processor forms the interface between the
analog front-end, the ADAC and the microcontroller.
The USB-processor consists of:
• The Philips Serial Interface Engine (PSIE)
• The Memory Management Unit (MMU)
• The Audio Sample Redistribution (ASR) module.
The Philips Serial Interface Engine and Memory
Management Unit (PSIE_MMU)
The PSIE_MMU translates the electrical USB signals into
bytes and signals. Depending upon the device USB
address and the USB endpoint address, the USB data is
directed to the correct endpoint buffer on the PSIE_MMU
interface. The data transfer could be of bulk, isochronous,
control or interrupt type. The device USB address is
configured during the enumeration process. The UDA1321
has three endpoints. These are:
• Control Endpoint 0
• Status Interrupt Endpoint
• Isochronous Data Sink Endpoint
UDA1321
USB sync-word and handles all low-level USB protocols
and error checking.
The MMU is the digital back-end of the USB-processor. It
handles the temporary data storage of all USB packets
that are received or sent over the bus. On the USB, three
types of packets are defined. These are:
• Token packets
• Data packets
• Handshake packets.
The token packet contains information about the
destination of the data packet. The audio data is
transferred via an isochronous data sink endpoint and as
a consequence no handshaking mechanism is used. The
MMU also generates a 1 kHz clock that is locked to the
USB Start-Of-Frame (SOF) token.
The Audio Sample Redistributor (ASR)
The ASR reads the audio samples from the MMU and
distributes these samples equidistant over a 1 ms frame
period. The distributed audio samples are translated by
the digital I/O module to I
The ASR generates the bit clock and the word select signal
of the digital I/O. The digital I/O-formats the received audio
samples to one of the four specified serial digital audio
formats (I2S, 16, 18 or 20 bits LSB-justified).
The microcontroller
The microcontroller receives the control information
selected from the USB by the USB-processor. It handles
the high level USB protocols and the user interfaces.
The major task of the software process, that is mapped
upon the microcontroller, is to control the different modules
of the UDA1321 in such a way that it behaves as a USB
device.
Therefore the microcontroller:
• interprets the USB requests and maps them upon the
UDA1321 application
• controls the internal operation of the UDA1321, the
digital I/O-pins and the GP I/O-pins
• communicates with the external world (EEROM) using
2
I
C-bus facility and the GP I/O-pins.
2
S or Japanese digital I/O-format.
The amount of bytes/packet on the control endpoint is
limited by the PSIE_MMU hardware to 8 bytes/packet.
The PSIE is the digital front-end of the USB-processor.
This module recovers the 12 MHz USB-clock, detects the
1997 Jun 187
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
The Asynchronous Digital-to-Analog Converter
(ADAC)
The ADAC receives USB audio information from the
USB-processor or from the digital I/O-bus. The ADAC is
able to reconstruct the sample clock from the rate at which
the audio samples arrive and takes care of the audio
sound processing. After the processing, the audio signal is
upsampled, noise-shaped and converted to analog output
voltages capable of driving a line output. The ADAC
consists of:
• A Sample Frequency Generator (SFG)
• FIFO registers
• An audio feature processing DSP
• Two digital upsample filters and a variable hold register
• A digital Noise Shaper (NS)
• A Filter Stream DAC (FSDAC) with integrated filter and
line output drivers.
UDA1321
Table 1 Frequency domains for audio processing
DOMAINSAMPLE FREQUENCY
15..12 kHz
212..25 kHz
325..40 kHz
440.. 55 kHz
The upsample filters and variable hold function
After the audio feature processing DSP two upsample
filters and a variable hold function increase the
oversampling rate to 128f
The noise shaper
A third order noise shaper converts the oversampled data
to a noise-shaped bitstream for the FSDAC. The in-band
quantization noise is shifted to frequencies well above the
audio band.
.
s
The Sample Frequency Generator (SFG)
The SFG controls the timing signals for the asynchronous
D/A conversion. By means of a digital PLL, the SFG
automatically recovers the applied sampling frequency
and generates the accurate timing signals for the audio
feature processing DSP and the upsample filters.
First In First Out (FIFO) registers
The FIFO registers are used to store the audio samples
temporarily coming from the USB-processor or from the
digital I/O-input. The use of a FIFO (in conjunction with the
SFG) is necessary to remove all jitter present on the
incoming audio signal.
The audio feature processing DSP
A DSP processes the sound features.
The control and mapping of the sound features is
explained in Section “Controlling the USB-DAC”.
Depending on the sampling rate f
frequency domains in which the treble and bass are
regulated. The domain is chosen automatically.
the DSP knows four
s
The Filter Stream DAC (FSDAC)
The FSDAC is a semi-digital reconstruction filter that
converts the 1-bit data stream of the noise shaper to an
analog output voltage. The filter coefficients are
implemented as current sources and are summed at
virtual ground of the output operational amplifier. In this
way very high signal-to-noise performance and low clock
jitter sensitivity is achieved. A postfilter is not needed
because of the inherent filter function of the DAC.
On-board amplifiers convert the FSDAC output current to
an output voltage signal capable of driving a line output.
USB-DAC descriptors
In a typical USB environment the PC has to know which
kind of devices are connected to its USB-bus. For this
purpose each device contains a number of USB
descriptors. These descriptors describe, from different
points of view (USB-configuration, USB-interface and
USB-endpoint), the capabilities of a device. Each of them
can be requested by the host. The collection of descriptors
is denoted as a descriptor map. This descriptor map will be
reported to the USB host during enumeration.
The USB descriptors and their most important fields, in
relationship to the characteristics of the UDA1321 are
shortly explained below.
1997 Jun 188
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
GENERAL DESCRIPTORS
The UDA1321 supports one configuration containing a
control interface, an audio interface and a HID interface.
The descriptor map that describes this configuration is
partly fixed and partly programmable.
The programmable part can be retrieved from one out of
four internal configuration maps or from an I2C EEROM. At
start-up time one out of four internal configuration maps
can be selected depending on the logical combination of
GP3 and GP0. It is possible to overwrite this configuration
map with a configuration map loaded from an I2C EEROM.
The descriptors of the descriptor map as mentioned above
are described in Tables 2 and 3. The programmable
descriptors are marked with a star. The given values are
examples used in Philips applications.
Table 2 Standard Device Descriptor and Configurations.
A
The Audio Device Class is partly specified with Standard
Descriptors and partly with Specific Audio Device Class
Descriptors. The Standard Descriptors specify the number
and the type of the interface or endpoint. The UDA1321
supports 7 different audio modes:
• 8-bit PCM mono or stereo audio data
• 16-bit PCM mono or stereo audio data
• 24-bit PCM mono or stereo audio data.
• Zero bandwidth mode.
Each mode is defined as an alternate setting of the audio
interface, selectable with the standard audio streaming
interface descriptor bAlternateSetting field; see Table 4.
Within the audio interface, an isochronous sink endpoint is
defined.
Table 4 Standard Audio Control Interface Descriptor.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
The seven alternate settings are described in more detail
by the Specific Audio Device Class Descriptors. For
example, support of different sound features, such as
Volume, Treble, Bass, Mute etc.
The UDA1321 supports the Input Terminal, Output
Terminal and the Feature Unit Descriptors.
The Input and Output Terminals are not controllable via
USB. The Feature Unit provides the basic manipulation of
the incoming logical channels. The supported sound
features are: Volume control, Mute control, Treble control
Bass control and Bass Boost control.
The maximum number of audio data samples within an
USB packet arriving on the isochronous sink endpoint is
restricted by the buffer capacity of this isochronous
endpoint. The maximum buffer capacity is 336 bytes/ms.
For each alternate setting with audio, a maximum
bandwidth is claimed as indicated in the Standard
Isochronous Audio Data Endpoint Descriptor
wMaxPacketSize field. To allow a small overshoot in the
number of audio samples per packet, the top sample
frequency of 55 kHz is taken in the calculation of the
bandwidth for each alternate setting.
For each alternate setting, with its own Isochronous Audio
Data Endpoint Descriptor, wMaxPacketSize field is then
defined as described in Table 9.
VALUE
HEX
VALUE
HEX
1997 Jun 1810
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
Although in this specific UDA1321 application no endpoint
control properties can be used upon the isochronous
adaptive sink endpoint, the descriptors are still necessary
to inform the host about the definition of this endpoint:
isochronous, adaptive, sink, continuous sampling
frequency (at input side of this endpoint) with lower bound
of 5 kHz and upper bound of 55 kHz. These characteristics
are defined in Table 13.
Table 13 Class Specific Audio Streaming Interface
Format Type I Descriptor Continuous Sampling
Frequency for alternate setting 1 to 6.
DESCRIPTOR
bLength0E
bDescriptortype24
bDescriptorSubtype02
bFormatType01
bNrChannelsdepends on audio mode
bSubframeSizedepends on audio mode
bBitResolutiondepends on audio mode
bSamFreqType00
tLowerSamFreq7E 13 00
tUpperSamFreqE2 D6 00
Notice the tLowerSamFreq and tUpperSamFreq fields
are defined in little Endian order (LSB first).
The Audio Class Specific Descriptors can be requested
with the ‘Get Descriptor: Configuration request’, which
returns all the descriptors, except the Device Descriptor.
VALUE
HEX
VALUE
HEX
1997 Jun 1811
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
Table 14 bNrChannels, bSubframeSize and
bBitResolution Descriptor fields for audio
mode 8 bit-PCM mono.
DESCRIPTOR
bNrChannels01
bSubframeSize01
bBitResolution08
Table 15 bNrChannels, bSubframeSize and
bBitResolution Descriptor fields for audio
mode 8 bit-PCM stereo.
DESCRIPTOR
bNrChannels02
bSubframeSize01
bBitResolution08
Table 16 bNrChannels, bSubframeSize and
bBitResolution Descriptor fields for audio
mode 16 bit-PCM mono.
DESCRIPTOR
bNrChannels01
bSubframeSize02
bBitResolution10
Table 17 bNrChannels, bSubframeSize and
bBitResolution Descriptor fields for audio
mode 16 bit-PCM stereo.
DESCRIPTOR
bNrChannels02
bSubframeSize02
bBitResolution10
VALUE
HEX
VALUE
HEX
VALUE
HEX
VALUE
HEX
UDA1321
Table 19 bNrChannels, bSubframeSize and
bBitResolution Descriptor fields for audio
mode 24 bit-PCM stereo.
DESCRIPTOR
bNrChannels02
bSubframeSize03
bBitResolution14
Table 20 Standard Isochronous Audio Data Endpoint
Descriptor included for alternate setting 1 to 6.
DESCRIPTOR
bLength09
bDescriptortype05
bEndpointAddress04
bmAttributes09
wMaxPacketSizedepends on audio mode;
see Table 9
bInterval01
bRefresh00
bSynchAddress00
Table 21 Class Specific Isochronous Audio Data
Endpoint Descriptor included for alternate
setting 1 to 6.