Orban OPTIMOD-FM 5518 Operating Manual
Operating Manual
OPTIMOD-FM
5518
FM Stereo Encoder
Version 1.2 Software
IMPORTANT NOTE: Refer to the unit’s rear panel for your Model Number.
Model Number: Description:
5518 5518 Stereo Encoder. 85-264V operation at 50-60 Hz
via universal switching power supply. Switchable to
50µs or 75µs.
CAUTION:
NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK).
WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRICAL SHOCK,
DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
This symbol, wherever it appears, alerts you to
the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage
inside the enclosure voltage that may be
sufficient to constitute a risk of shock.
This symbol, wherever it appears, alerts you to important
operating and maintenance instructions in the accompa-
nying literature. Read the manual.
In accordance to the WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) directive of the European Parliament, this product must not be discarded into the
municipal waste stream in any of the Member States. This product may be
sent back to your Orban dealer at end of life where it will be reused or recycled
at no cost to you.
If this product is discarded into an approved municipal WEEE collection site or
turned over to an approved WEEE recycler at end of life, your Orban dealer
must be notified and supplied with model, serial number and the name and
location of site/facility.
Please contact your Orban dealer for further assistance.
www.orban.com
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the appliance is operated.
Retain Instructions: The safety and operation instructions should be retained for future reference.
Heed Warnings: All warnings on the appliance and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.
Follow Instructions: All operation and user instructions should be followed.
Water and Moisture: The appliance should not be used near water (e.g., near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet base-
ment, or near a swimming pool, etc.).
Ventilation: The appliance should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation. For example, the appli-
ance should not be situated on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface that may block the ventilation openings; or, placed in a built-in installation, such as a
bookcase or cabinet that may impede the flow of air through the ventilation openings.
Heat: The appliance should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other appliances (including amplifiers)
that produce heat.
Power Sources: The appliance should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on
the appliance.
Grounding or Polarization: Precautions should be taken so that the grounding or polarization means of an appliance is not defeated.
Power-Cord Protection: Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or
against them, paying particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the appliance.
Cleaning: The appliance should be cleaned only as recommended by the manufacturer.
Non-Use Periods: The power cord of the appliance should be unplugged from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time.
Object and Liquid Entry: Care should be taken so that objects do not fall and liquids are not spilled into the enclosure through openings.
Damage Requiring Service: The appliance should be serviced by qualified service personnel when: The power supply cord or the plug has
been damaged; or Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the appliance; or The appliance has been exposed to rain; or The appliance
does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance; or The appliance has been dropped, or the enclosure damaged.
Servicing: The user should not attempt to service the appliance beyond that described in the operating instructions. All other servicing should be
referred to qualified service personnel.
The Appliance should be used only with a cart or stand that is recommended by the manufacturer.
Safety Instructions (European)
Notice For U.K. Customers If Your Unit Is Equipped With A Power Cord.
WARNING: THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED.
The cores in the mains lead are coloured in accordance with the following code:
GREEN and YELLOW - Earth BLUE - Neutral BROWN - Live
As colours of the cores in the mains lead of this appliance may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:
The core which is coloured green and yellow must be connected to the terminal in the plug marked with the letter E, or with the earth symbol, or coloured green, or green and yellow.
The core which is coloured blue must be connected to the terminal marked N or coloured black.
The core which is coloured brown must be connected to the terminal marked L or coloured red.
The power cord is terminated in a CEE7 / 7 plug (Continental Europe). The green / yellow wire is connected directly to the unit's chassis. If you need to
change the plug and if you are qualified to do so, refer to the table below.
WARNING: If the ground is defeated, certain fault conditions in the unit or in the system to which it is connected can result in full line voltage between
chassis and earth ground. Severe injury or death can then result if the chassis and earth ground are touched simultaneously.
Conductor WIRE COLOR
Normal Alt
L LIVE BROWN BLACK
N NEUTRAL BLUE WHITE
E EARTH GND GREEN-YELLOW GREEN
AC Power Cord Color Coding
Safety Instructions (German)
Gerät nur an der am Leistungsschild vermerkten Spannung und Stromart betreiben.
Sicherungen nur durch solche, gleicher Stromstärke und gleichen Abschaltverhaltens ersetzen. Sicherungen nie überbrücken.
Jedwede Beschädigung des Netzkabels vermeiden. Netzkabel nicht knicken oder quetschen. Beim Abziehen des Netzkabels den
Stecker und nicht das Kabel enfassen. Beschädigte Netzkabel sofort auswechseln.
Gerät und Netzkabel keinen übertriebenen mechanischen Beaspruchungen aussetzen.
Um Berührung gefährlicher elektrischer Spannungen zu vermeiden, darf das Gerät nicht geöffnet werden. Im Fall von Betriebsstörungen darf das Gerät nur Von befugten Servicestellen instandgesetzt werden. Im Gerät befinden sich keine, durch den Benutzer
reparierbare Teile.
Zur Vermeidung von elektrischen Schlägen und Feuer ist das Gerät vor Nässe zu schützen. Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit und
Flüssigkeiten in das Gerät vermeiden.
Bei Betriebsstörungen bzw. nach Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten oder anderen Gegenständen, das Gerät sofort vom Netz trennen und
eine qualifizierte Servicestelle kontaktieren.
Safety Instructions (French)
On s'assurera toujours que la tension et la nature du courant utilisé correspondent bien à ceux indiqués sur la plaque de l'appareil.
N'utiliser que des fusibles de même intensité et du même principe de mise hors circuit que les fusibles d'origine. Ne jamais
shunter les fusibles.
Eviter tout ce qui risque d'endommager le câble seceur. On ne devra ni le plier, ni l'aplatir. Lorsqu'on débranche l'appareil,
tirer la fiche et non le câble. Si un câble est endommagé, le remplacer immédiatement.
Ne jamais exposer l'appareil ou le câble ä une contrainte mécanique excessive.
Pour éviter tout contact averc une tension électrique dangereuse, on n'oouvrira jamais l'appareil. En cas de dysfonctionnement,
l'appareil ne peut être réparé que dans un atelier autorisé. Aucun élément de cet appareil ne peut être réparé par l'utilisateur.
Pour éviter les risques de décharge électrique et d'incendie, protéger l'appareil de l'humidité. Eviter toute pénétration
d'humidité ou fr liquide dans l'appareil.
En cas de dysfonctionnement ou si un liquide ou tout autre objet a pénétré dans l'appareil couper aussitôt l'appareil
de son alimentation et s'adresser à un point de service aprésvente autorisé.
Safety Instructions (Spanish)
Hacer funcionar el aparato sólo con la tensión y clase de corriente señaladas en la placa indicadora de características.
Reemplazar los fusibles sólo por otros de la misma intensidad de corriente y sistema de desconexión. No poner nunca los fusibles en
puente.
Proteger el cable de alimentación contra toda clase de daños. No doblar o apretar el cable. Al desenchufar, asir el enchufe y no el
cable. Sustituir inmediatamente cables dañados.
No someter el aparato y el cable de alimentación a esfuerzo mecánico excesivo.
Para evitar el contacto con tensiones eléctricas peligrosas, el aparato no debe abrirse. En caso de producirse fallos de funcionamiento,
debe ser reparado sólo por talleres de servicio autorizados. En el aparato no se encuentra ninguna pieza que pudiera ser reparada por
el usuario.
Para evitar descargas eléctricas e incendios, el aparato debe protegerse contra la humedad, impidiendo que penetren ésta o líquidos
en el mismo.
En caso de producirse fallas de funcionamiento como consecuencia de la penetración de líquidos u otros objetos en el aparato,
hay que desconectarlo inmediatamente de la red y ponerse en contacto con un taller de servicio autorizado.
Safety Instructions (Italian)
Far funzionare l'apparecchio solo con la tensione e il tipo di corrente indicati sulla targa riportante i dati sulle prestazioni.
Sostituire i dispositivi di protezione (valvole, fusibili ecc.) solo con dispositivi aventi lo stesso amperaggio e lo stesso comportamento
di interruzione. Non cavallottare mai i dispositivi di protezione.
Evitare qualsiasi danno al cavo di collegamento alla rete. Non piegare o schiacciare il cavo. Per staccare il cavo, tirare la presa e mai
il cavo. Sostituire subito i cavi danneggiati.
Non esporre l'apparecchio e il cavo ad esagerate sollecitazioni meccaniche.
Per evitare il contatto con le tensioni elettriche pericolose, l'apparecchio non deve venir aperto. In caso di anomalie di funzionamento
l'apparecchio deve venir riparato solo da centri di servizio autorizzati. Nell'apparecchio non si trovano parti che possano essere riparate
dall'utente.
Per evitare scosse elettriche o incendi, l'apparecchio va protetto dall'umidità. Evitare che umidità o liquidi entrino nell'apparecchio.
In caso di anomalie di funzionamento rispettivamente dopo la penetrazione di liquidi o oggetti nell'apparecchio, staccare immediatamente
l'apparecchio dalla rete e contattare un centro di servizio qualificato.
PLEASE READ BEFORE PROCEEDING!
Manual
The Operating Manual contains instructions to verify the proper operation of this unit and initialization of certain options.
You will find these operations are most conveniently performed on the bench before you install the unit in the rack.
Please review the Manual, especially the installation section, before unpacking the unit.
Trial Period Precautions
If your unit has been provided on a trial basis:
You should observe the following precautions to avoid reconditioning charges in case you later wish to return the unit to
your dealer.
(1) Note the packing technique and save all packing materials. It is not wise to ship in other than the factory carton. (Re-
placements cost $35.00).
(2) Avoid scratching the paint or plating. Set the unit on soft, clean surfaces.
(3) Do not cut the grounding pin from the line cord.
(4) Use care and proper tools in removing and tightening screws to avoid burring the heads.
(5) Use the nylon-washered rack screws supplied, if possible, to avoid damaging the panel. Support the unit when tighten-
ing the screws so that the threads do not scrape the paint inside the slotted holes.
Packing
When you pack the unit for shipping:
(1) Tighten all screws on any barrier strip(s) so the screws do not fall out from vibration.
(2) Wrap the unit in its original plastic bag to avoid abrading the paint.
(3) Seal the inner and outer cartons with tape.
If you are returning the unit permanently (for credit), be sure to enclose:
The Manual(s)
The Registration / Warranty Card
The Line Cord
All Miscellaneous Hardware (including the Rack Screws and Keys)
The Extender Card (if applicable)
Your dealer may charge you for any missing items.
If you are returning a unit for repair, do not enclose any of the above items.
Further advice on proper packing and shipping is included in the Manual (see Table of Contents).
Trouble
If you have problems with installation or operation:
(1) Check everything you have done so far against the instructions in the Manual. The information contained therein is
based on our years of experience with 5518 and broadcast stations.
(2) Check the other sections of the Manual (consult the Table of Contents and Index) to see if there might be some sug-
gestions regarding your problem.
(3) After reading the section on Factory Assistance, you may call Orban Customer Service for advice during normal Ari-
zona business hours. The number is (1) (480) 403-8300.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed
and used as directed by this manual, it may cause interference to radio communication. This
equipment complies with the limits for a Class A computing device, as specified by FCC
Rules, Part 15, subject J, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference when this type of equipment is operated in a commercial environment. Operation
of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference. If it does, the user will be
required to eliminate the interference at the user’s expense.
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications. (Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques [de las class A] prescrites dans le
Reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des Communications du
Canada.)
Perform the installation under static control conditions. Simply walking across a rug can generate a static charge of 20,000 volts. This is the spark or shock you may have felt when
touching a doorknob or some other conductive surface. A much smaller static discharge is
likely to destroy one or more of the CMOS semiconductors employed in OPTIMOD-FM. Static
damage will not be covered under warranty.
There are many common sources of static. Most involve some type of friction between two
dissimilar materials. Some examples are combing your hair, sliding across a seat cover or
rolling a cart across the floor. Since the threshold of human perception for a static discharge
is 3000 volts, you will not even notice many damaging discharges.
Basic damage prevention consists of minimizing generation, discharging any accumulated
static charge on your body or workstation, and preventing that discharge from being sent to or
through an electronic component. You should use a static grounding strap (grounded through
a protective resistor) and a static safe workbench with a conductive surface. This will prevent
any buildup of damaging static.
WARNING
WARNING
IMPORTANT
U.S. patents 6,337,99, 6,434,241 and 6,618,486
protect OPTIMOD-FM 5518. All 5518 software and firmware © Orban.
Orban and 5518 are registered trademarks.
All trademarks are property of their respective companies.
This manual was published in August 2014.
© Copyright Orban
8350 East Evans Suite C4, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 USA
Phone: +1 (480) 403-8300; Fax: +1 (480) 403-8302; E-Mail: custserv@orban.com; Site: www.orban.com
Operating Manual
OPTIMOD-FM
5518
FM Stereo Encoder
Version 1.2 Software
Table of Contents
Index.........................................................................................................................0-7
Section 1 Introduction
.........................................................................................................................................1-1
ABOUT THIS MANUAL.......................................................................................................1-1
THE 5518 FM STEREO ENCODER .......................................................................................1-1
Flexible Configuration ............................................................................................1-1
Signal Processing Features ......................................................................................1-2
Controllable .............................................................................................................1-3
PRESETS IN THE 5518........................................................................................................1-4
INPUT/OUTPUT CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................1-5
Digital AES3 Left/Right Input/Output ....................................................................1-5
Analog Left/Right Input/Output.............................................................................1-6
Stereo Analog Baseband Composite Output ........................................................1-6
Subcarriers................................................................................................................1-6
Remote Control Interface .......................................................................................1-7
Computer Interface .................................................................................................1-8
RS-232 Serial Port ............................................................................................................. 1-8
RJ45 Ethernet Connector ................................................................................................. 1-8
Wordclock/10 MHz Sync Reference Input..............................................................1-8
LOCATION OF THE 5518....................................................................................................1-9
Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels.........................................................1-9
Best Location for the 5518....................................................................................1-10
If the transmitter is not accessible:................................................................................ 1-10
If the transmitter is accessible: ...................................................................................... 1-10
STUDIO-TRANSMITTER LINK.............................................................................................1-11
Transmission from Studio to Transmitter.............................................................1-11
Digital Links .................................................................................................................... 1-11
Composite Baseband Microwave STLs........................................................................... 1-12
Dual Microwave STLs...................................................................................................... 1-13
Analog Landline (PTT/Post Office Line)......................................................................... 1-13
ABOUT TRANSMISSION LEVELS AND METERING ..................................................................1-14
Meters ....................................................................................................................1-14
Studio Line-up Levels and Headroom ..................................................................1-14
Transmission Levels................................................................................................1-15
Fig. 1-1: Absolute Peak Level, VU and PPM Reading.................................................... 1-15
LINE-UP FACILITIES .........................................................................................................1-15
Metering of Levels.................................................................................................1-15
Composite Output Level ................................................................................................ 1-16
Built-in Calibrated Line-up Tones.................................................................................. 1-16
Built-in Calibrated Bypass Test Mode............................................................................ 1-17
PC CONTROL AND SECURITY PASSCODE ............................................................................1-17
WARRANTY, USER FEEDBACK ..........................................................................................1-17
User Feedback........................................................................................................1-17
LIMITED WARRANTY.............................................................................................1-17
INTERNATIONAL WARRANTY...............................................................................1-18
EXTENDED WARRANTY ........................................................................................1-18
Section 2 Installation
.........................................................................................................................................2-1
INSTALLING THE 5518.......................................................................................................2-1
Figure 2-1: AC Line Cord Wire Standard.......................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2: Wiring the 25-pin Remote Interface Connector........................................... 2-3
5518 REAR PANEL ...........................................................................................................2-4
INPUT AND OUTPUT CONNECTIONS.....................................................................................2-5
Cable.........................................................................................................................2-5
Connectors ...............................................................................................................2-5
Analog Audio Input.................................................................................................2-6
Analog Audio Output .............................................................................................2-6
AES3 Digital Input and Output...............................................................................2-7
Composite Output and Subcarrier Input ...............................................................2-7
Figure 2-3: Typical Separation vs. load capacitance........................................................2-8
Wordclock/10 MHz Sync Reference Input..............................................................2-9
Grounding..............................................................................................................2-10
Power Ground........................................................................................................2-10
Circuit Ground .......................................................................................................2-10
QUICK SETUP.................................................................................................................2-11
ANALOG AND DIGITAL I/O SETUP.....................................................................................2-23
AUTOMATION USING THE 5518’S INTERNAL CLOCK............................................................2-27
SECURITY AND PASSCODE PROGRAMMING.........................................................................2-30
To Create a Passcode: ............................................................................................2-31
To Edit a Passcode:.................................................................................................2-31
To Delete a Passcode: ............................................................................................2-32
To Lock the Front Panel Immediately:..................................................................2-32
To Program local lockout: .....................................................................................2-32
To Unlock the Front Panel: ...................................................................................2-33
Dial-up Networking and the Passcode.................................................................2-33
If You Have Forgotten Your Passcode..................................................................2-33
ADMINISTERING THE 5518 THROUGH ITS SERIAL PORT OR ETHERNET ....................................2-34
Connecting to the 5518’s Ethernet Port or Serial Port via a Terminal Program on
a PC.........................................................................................................................2-34
Direct Control Using PuTTY............................................................................................ 2-35
Automated Control Using PuTTY/Plink..........................................................................2-36
Automated Control Using Netcat ..................................................................................2-37
Administrative Operations Available via the Serial Port ..............................................2-37
Available Commands ......................................................................................................2-37
REMOTE CONTROL INTERFACE PROGRAMMING ..................................................................2-40
NETWORKING AND REMOTE CONTROL..............................................................................2-42
SYNCHRONIZING 5518 TO A NETWORK TIME SERVER .........................................................2-44
INSTALLING 5518 PC REMOTE CONTROL SOFTWARE ..........................................................2-47
Installing the Necessary Windows Services..........................................................2-48
Check Hardware Requirements ............................................................................2-48
Running the Orban Installer Program..................................................................2-49
Setting Up Ethernet, LAN, and VPN Connections ...............................................2-49
Conclusion..............................................................................................................2-50
APPENDIX: SETTING UP SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS .............................................................2-51
Preparing for Communication through Null Modem Cable ..............................2-51
Connecting Using Windows 2000 Direct Serial Connection:..............................2-51
Connecting Using Windows XP Direct Serial Connection ..................................2-56
Connecting Using Windows 7 Direct Serial Connection:....................................2-61
Preparing for Communication through Modems ...............................................2-71
Connecting Using Windows 2000 Modem Connection ......................................2-71
Connecting using Windows XP Modem Connection ..........................................2-77
UPDATING YOUR 5518’S SOFTWARE.................................................................................2-82
SNMP SUPPORT ............................................................................................................2-84
SNMP Network Setup..................................................................................................... 2-84
SNMP Mib file................................................................................................................. 2-84
SNMP Default Settings ................................................................................................... 2-85
SNMP Features................................................................................................................ 2-85
Section 3 Operation
.........................................................................................................................................3-1
5518 FRONT PANEL .........................................................................................................3-1
SIGNAL PROCESSING .........................................................................................................3-2
TO CREATE OR SAVE A USER PRESET ...................................................................................3-3
ITU-R MULTIPLEX POWER CONTROLLER .............................................................................3-4
Figure 3-1: Multiplex Power over 15 Minute Observation Interval with MPX Power
Controller Active, measured at 5518’s Composite Output............................................. 3-4
Multiplex Power Threshold.............................................................................................. 3-5
Setting up the Multiplex Power Control......................................................................... 3-5
SSB STEREO ENCODER OPERATION.....................................................................................3-6
TEST MODES ...................................................................................................................3-7
Table 3-1: Test Modes ...................................................................................................... 3-8
USING THE 5518 PC REMOTE CONTROL SOFTWARE .............................................................3-8
To set up a new connection:...................................................................................3-9
To initiate communication: ...................................................................................3-10
To modify a control setting: .................................................................................3-10
To recall a preset:...................................................................................................3-11
To save a user preset you have created: ..............................................................3-11
To back up User Presets, system files, and automation files onto your computer’s
hard drive:..............................................................................................................3-11
To restore archived presets, system files, and automation files:........................3-12
To modify INPUT/OUTPUT and SYSTEM SETUP: ...........................................................3-13
To modify AUTOMATION: .........................................................................................3-13
To group multiple 5518s: ......................................................................................3-14
Operation Using the Keyboard ............................................................................3-14
To Quit the Program .............................................................................................3-14
About Aliases created by 5518 PC Remote Software .........................................3-14
Multiple Installations of 5518 PC Remote ...........................................................3-15
Section 4 Maintenance
.........................................................................................................................................4-1
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................4-1
SUBASSEMBLY REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT.......................................................................4-2
FIELD AUDIT OF PERFORMANCE..........................................................................................4-6
Table 4-1: Typical Power Supply Voltages and AC Ripple.............................................. 4-7
Figure 4-1: Typical Frequency Response, 30Hz to 15 kHz............................................... 4-9
Section 5 Troubleshooting
.........................................................................................................................................5-1
PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS...............................................................................5-1
RFI, Hum, Clicks, or Buzzes ............................................................................................... 5-1
Unexpectedly Quiet On-Air Levels ................................................................................... 5-1
Poor Peak Modulation Control ........................................................................................5-2
Unexpected Delay Between the Program Feed and the On-Air Signal .........................5-2
Audible Distortion On-Air ................................................................................................5-2
Whistle on Air, Perhaps Only in Stereo Reception.......................................................... 5-3
Interference from stereo into SCA................................................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-1: Typical 5518 baseband spectrum with heavy processing, 0-100 kHz. .........5-3
Shrill, Harsh Sound............................................................................................................ 5-4
Dull Sound......................................................................................................................... 5-4
System Receiving 5518’s Digital Output Will Not Lock...................................................5-4
19 kHz Frequency Out-of-Tolerance ................................................................................5-4
L–R (Stereo Difference Channel) Will Not Null With Monophonic Input ......................5-4
Security Passcode Lost (When Unit is Locked Out).......................................................... 5-4
Connection Issues between the 5518 and a PC, Modem, or Network ................5-5
Troubleshooting Connections.................................................................................5-5
You Cannot Access the Internet After Making a Direct or Modem Connection to
the 5518: ..................................................................................................................5-6
OS-SPECIFIC TROUBLESHOOTING ADVICE ............................................................................5-6
Troubleshooting Windows 2000 Direct Connect:..................................................5-6
Troubleshooting Windows 2000 Modem Connect:...............................................5-8
Troubleshooting Windows XP Direct Connect: .....................................................5-9
Troubleshooting Windows XP Modem Connect: ................................................5-10
TROUBLESHOOTING IC OPAMPS .......................................................................................5-11
TECHNICAL SUPPORT.......................................................................................................5-11
FACTORY SERVICE...........................................................................................................5-11
SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS ..................................................................................................5-12
Section 6 Technical Data
.........................................................................................................................................6-1
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................6-1
Performance.............................................................................................................6-1
Installation ...............................................................................................................6-2
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................6-5
Overview ..................................................................................................................6-5
Control Circuits ........................................................................................................6-6
User Control Interface and LCD Display Circuits ...................................................6-7
Input Circuits............................................................................................................6-8
Output Circuits.......................................................................................................6-10
DSP Circuit..............................................................................................................6-12
Power Supply .........................................................................................................6-13
ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................6-13
PARTS LIST.....................................................................................................................6-15
Obtaining Spare Parts ...........................................................................................6-15
Control Board ........................................................................................................6-16
Combined Input/Output and DSP (I/O+DSP) Board.............................................6-18
Composite/SCA Daughterboard ...........................................................................6-22
Display Board (Front) ............................................................................................6-22
Display Board (Back)..............................................................................................6-23
SCHEMATICS AND PARTS LOCATOR DRAWINGS...................................................................6-23
Function Description Drawing Page
Chassis
Circuit Board Locator and Basic Interconnections
Control board
Control microprocessor. Services
front panel, serial port, Ethernet,
and DSP+I/O board.
Contains:
General Purpose bus, address decoder, I/O+DSP interface
I/O+DSP Board
Memory and clock generation Schematic 2 of 5
Ethernet Schematic 3 of 5
Miscellaneous input/output Schematic 4 of 5
Power and Ground Schematic 5 of 5
Analog Input/output
AES3 Input/output
DSP Chips; Local regulators.
Contains:
Interconnects Schematic 1 of 12 6-35
L and R Analog Inputs Schematic 2 of 12 6-36
L and R Analog Outputs Schematic 3 of 12 6-37
Composite And Pilot Reference
Signal Generators
Composite/SCA Daughterboard Schematic & Parts
Digital I/O & Sync Input Schematic 5 of 12 6-40
DSP Enhanced Serial Audio Inter-
face
DSP Control Interface Schematic 7 of 12 6-42
DSP External Memory Control In-
terface
DSP Power and Ground Schematic 9 of 12 6-44
I/O Control Interface Schematic 10 of 12 6-45
Clock Generation and CPLD Schematic 11 of 12 6-46
Power Distribution Schematic 12 of 12 6-47
Display Board Front-Panel LCD, LEDs, Buttons,
and Rotary Encoder
Contains:
Front of board Schematic 1 of 2 6-49
Rear of board 6-50
DSP Block
Shows signal processing 6-51
Diagram
Top view
6-27
(not to scale)
Parts Locator
6-28
Drawing
Schematic 1 of 5
6-29
6-30
6-31
6-32
6-33
Parts Locator
6-34
Drawing
Schematic 4a of 12 6-38
6-39
Locator 4b of 12
Schematic 6 of 12 6-41
Schematic 8 of 12 6-43
Parts Locator
6-48
Drawing
Index
1
19 K Ref control 2- · 9
5
5518 FM Stereo Encoder 1- · 1
A
A/D converter
circuit description 5- · 9
specification 6- · 2
Abbreviations 6- · 13
AC Line Cord Standard 2- · 2
AES/EBU I/O 2- · 7
Analog auto-fallback 2- · 20
analog baseband outputs 1- · 6
analog I/O 1- · 6
analog input
circuit description 6- · 8
ref level, I/O setup 2- · 23
analog input 2- · 6
analog landline 1- · 13
analog output
circuit description 6- · 10
analog output 2- · 6
API
adjusting delay time 2- · 38
delay on/off 2- · 38, 39
archiving presets 3- · 11
audio
connections 2- · 5
input, connecting 2- · 6
output 2- · 7
output, connecting 2- · 6
Audio Precision 4- · 6
auditing performance 4- · 6
automated control
via PuTTY/Plink 2- · 36
automation
add event 2- · 28
delete event 2- · 30
edit event 2- · 30
automation 2- · 27
automation 3- · 13
B
backing up presets 3- · 11
balance adjust 2- · 23
balanced
inputs 2- · 6
output, simulates transformer 2- · 6
base board
removing 4- · 3
replacing 4- · 4
baseband spectrum 5- · 3
battery
replacing 6- · 6
bit depth of internal processing 6- · 1
block diagram 6- · 51
buttons
escape 3- · 1
modify 3- · 1
next 3- · 1
previous 3- · 1
RECALL 3- · 1
setup 3- · 1
soft buttons 3- · 1
buzz 5- · 1
bypass
PC remote 1- · 17
test mode 1- · 17
C
cable
shielding 2- · 10
type recommended for analog I/O 2- · 5
chassis
getting inside 4 · 2
ground 2- · 10
circuit board locator drawing 6- · 27
circuit description
control 6- · 6
LCD display 6- · 7
user control interface 6- · 7
circuit description 6- · 5
cleaning front panel 4- · 1
clock
battery 6- · 6
reset to hour 2- · 41
reset to midnight 2- · 42
resetting via remote control 2- · 42
setting 2- · 27
common-mode rejection 2- · 10
components
obtaining 6- · 15
composite
circuit description 6- · 11
peak level control 1- · 16
composite baseband microwave STL 1- ·
12
composite isolation transformer 1- · 10, 8,
11, 1
composite limiter
pilot tone protection 2- · 8
Composite meter 3- · 2
composite output
cable specification 2- · 8
I/O setup 2- · 14, 23
impedance 2- · 7
level adjustment range 2- · 7
level control 2- · 7
setting output impedance 2- · 7
specifications 6- · 3
termination 2- · 8
composite output 2- · 7
composite outputs 1- · 6
computer
connecting to 2- · 4
troubleshooting connections 5- · 5
Windows 2000 5- · 6
Windows XP 5- · 9
computer interface
RS-232 2- · 4
serial 2- · 4
computer interface 1- · 8
connecting
through Win XP direct serial 2- · 56
connection to PC
troubleshooting 5- · 5
connectors
audio 2- · 5
input and output 2- · 5
contrast 3- · 1
control
scripted 2- · 36
control knob 3- · 1
controls
contrast 3- · 1
corrosion 4- · 1
D
D/A converter
circuit description 6- · 10
specification 6- · 2
delay
on/off from API 2- · 38, 39
delay time
adjusting via API 2- · 38
diagnostic info
fetching via API 2- · 39, 40
digital I/O 1- · 5
digital input
circuit description 6- · 9
digital links 1- · 11
digital output
circuit description 6- · 11
display assembly
removing 4 · 2
display board
parts list 6- · 23
distortion
specification 6- · 1
testing 4- · 10
troubleshooting 5- · 2
dither 2- · 27
diversity delay
om/off from API 2- · 38, 39
diversity delay 1- · 3, 7
diversity delay 2- · 13, 24, 25, 29, 41
diversity delay 5- · 2
DSP
block diagram 6- · 51
circuit description 6- · 12
DSP board
replacing 4- · 4
dual microwave STLs 1- · 13
dull sound
troubleshooting 5- · 4
E
easy setup 2- · 11
escape button 3- · 1
Ethernet 2- · 5, 42, 49, 9
Exit Test 2- · 41
F
factory service 5- · 11
Firewall 2- · 49, 9
Firmware
updating 8500 2- · 82
frequency response
specification 6- · 1
testing 4- · 9
fuse 6- · 13
G
gain reduction meters 3- · 2
Gateway 2- · 49, 9
gateway address 2- · 43
getting inside the unit 4 · 2
GPI
specifications 6- · 4
GPI interface
testing 4- · 13
ground
chassis 2- · 11
ground loop
eliminating in composite 1- · 10, 8, 11, 1
grounding
circuit 2- · 10
loss of 4- · 1
power 2- · 10
grounding 2- · 10
grouping 5518s 3- · 14
H
meters 3- · 2
SCA, specifications 6- · 4
subcarrier 2- · 7
input level
line-up 1- · 14
input meters 1- · 15
input selector
I/O setup 2- · 23
input/output board
removing 4- · 3
inspection of package contents 2- · 1
installation procedure 2- · 1
Internet
cannot access 5- · 6
IP address
serial connection 2- · 35
terminal connection 2- · 34
IP address 2- · 42
IP port 2- · 43
ITU412
setting up controller 2- · 15
ITU412 3- · 22, 2, 4
J
J.17
and 5518 digital I/O 1- · 6
and NICAM 1- · 12
deemphasis applied to digital audio input 6-
· 2
defined 1- · 6
preemphasis applied to digital audio output
6- · 3
Jensen transformer 1- · 10, 8, 11, 1
hum 5- · 1
I
I/O
AES/EBU 2- · 7
connections 2- · 2
I/O board
replacing 4- · 4
IC opamps
troubleshooting 5- · 11
input
analog, connecting 2- · 6
analog, specifications 6- · 2
digital, specifications 6- · 2
L
level
metering 1- · 15
transmission 1- · 15
line voltage 2- · 2
line-up tones 1- · 16
location 1- · 9
lock
driven equipment cannot lock to 5518 output
5- · 4
lockout
immediate 2- · 32
programming local 2- · 32
unlocking front panel 2- · 33
lossy data reduction
NICAM 1- · 12
used in STLs · 11
loudness
insufficient due to poor peak control 5- · 2
L–R will not null 5- · 4
M
MAC address 5- · 5
main board
reattaching 4 · 4
measuring performance 4- · 6
meter
circuit description 6- · 7
composite 1- · 16
meters
circuit description 6- · 7
composite 3- · 2
gain reduction 3- · 2
input 3- · 2
multiplex power 3 - · 2
output 3- · 2
studio 1- · 14
Mod Reduction control 2- · 41
modem
setting up 2- · 43
specification for 2- · 48
Modem
Preparing for connection 2- · 71
Recommended baud rate 2- · 72
Windows 2000 configuration 2- · 71
Windows XP Configuration 2- · 77
modify button 3- · 1
modulation control
troubleshooting poor 5- · 2
Mono mode 2- · 41
MPX power controller
stand-alone stereo encoder 3- · 5
multiplex power 3- · 22, 2, 4
multiplex power meter 3- · 2
N
NAB Broadcast and Audio System Test CD
4- · 6
Netcat
automated control using 2- · 37
automation using 2- · 36
network
timeserver 2- · 44
networking 2- · 42
NEXT button 3- · 1
NICAM 1- · 12
null modem cable
communicating through 2- · 51
null modem cable 2- · 48
O
output
analog output level trim adjustment 4- · 8
analog, connecting 2- · 6
analog, specifications 6- · 2
composite 2- · 7
composite, specifications 6- · 3
digital, setting dither 2- · 27
digital, setting sample rate 2- · 26
digital, setting sync 2- · 26
digital, setting word length · 26
digital, specifications 6- · 3
output level
I/O setup 2- · 25, 26
quick setup 2- · 14
output meters 3- · 2
overshoot
excessive 5- · 2
overshoot 3- · 5
P
parts
obtaining 6- · 15
parts list
base board 6- · 16
display board 6- · 23
I/O board 6- · 18
parts list 6- · 15
passcode
and dial-up networking 2- · 33
creating 2- · 31
default 2- · 31
deleting 2- · 32
editing 2- · 31
programming 2- · 30
recovering from lost 2- · 16, 33
PC
Orban installer program 2- · 49
PC board locator diagram 6- · 27
PC control
security 1- · 17
PC hardware requirements 2- · 48
PC Remote
aliases 3- · 14
moving alias folders 3- · 16
multiple coexisting versions 3- · 15
upgrading versions 3- · 15
PC Remote Software 3- · 8
peak control criteria 1- · 9
performance
measuring 4- · 6
phase-linear
system group delay spec · 9
pilot tone
frequency out of tolerance 5- · 4
reference output 1- · 7
reference output 2- · 9
Plink
automation using 2- · 36
Plink 2- · 36
Port
Terminal 2- · 34
port number
setting 2- · 34
port, IP 2- · 43
Ports 2- · 49, 9
power
cord 2- · 4
power supply
circuit description 6- · 13
Orban part # 6- · 13
testing 4- · 7
power supply board
reattaching 4 · 4
pre-emphasis
defeating 2- · 13
quick setup 2- · 12
preset
restoring archived 3- · 12
Preset
Recalling via terminal program 2- · 37
presets
backup 3- · 11
saving user 3- · 5, 20, 3
sharing between 5518s 3- · 13
PREVIOUS button 3- · 1
processing
block diagram 6- · 51
Proof of Performance 1- · 4
Proof of Performance 3- · 7
PuTTY
direct control using 2- · 35
PuTTY 2- · 36
Q
quick setup 2- · 11
R
rack-mounting unit 2- · 2
rear panel 2- · 4
RECALL button 3- · 1
Recalling preset
via terminal program 2- · 37
registration card 2- · 1
remote
PC Remote software 3- · 8
remote control
connecting 2- · 3
GPI, specifications 6- · 4
remote control 2- · 4
remote interface
functions controllable by 2- · 41
GPI 1- · 7
programming GPI 2- · 40
testing 4- · 13
remote interface connector 2- · 4
Remote Software 2- · 34, 44, 47, 82
resolution
specification 6- · 1
RFI 5- · 1
right channel balance
I/O setup 2- · 23
RJ45 jack 2- · 43
routine maintenance 4- · 1
RS232
testing 4- · 14
RS-232 connector 2- · 4
RS-232 interface
circuit description 6- · 7
S
sample rate
at digital output 6- · 3
internal, specification 6- · 1
setting output 2- · 13
sample rate converter
testing 4- · 10
saving user presets 3- · 5, 20, 3
SCA
composite meter does not indicate 1- · 16
input, specifications 6- · 4
inputs 1- · 6
interference from stereo 5- · 3
modulation reduction 2- · 15
SCA inputs 2- · 5
screen display 3- · 1
screens
System Setup 2- · 11
scripted control 2- · 36
Security
lock immediately 2- · 32
security 1- · 17
security 2- · 30
Serial Communications
setting up 2- · 51
serial connection
setting up direct 2- · 44
via port #1 2- · 34
serial connector 2- · 4
service 5- · 11
setup
I/O 2- · 23
quick 2- · 11
setup button 3- · 1
shipping instructions 5- · 12
shrill sound
troubleshooting 5- · 4
signal flow diagram 6- · 51
Silence sense
Tally output 2- · 8, 21
Silence sense 2- · 20
Single-sideband mode 3- · 6
SNMP 2- · 84
soft buttons 3- · 1
Software
updating 8500 2- · 82
software updates 1- · 2, 4
Sound Technology 4- · 6
spare parts
obtaining 6- · 15
specifications 6- · 1
spectrum analyzer 4- · 6
SSB mode 3- · 6
ST ENC NO LIMIT 2- · 16
Stanford Research Systems 4- · 6
station ID
setting 2- · 15
stereo encoder
testing 4- · 12
Stereo encoder
SSB/VSB Operation 3- · 6
stereo encoder mode
audio processing for 2- · 17
input/output 1- · 6
lowpass filter 2- · 17
MPX power controller and 3- · 5
signal flow 3- · 2
Stereo mode 2- · 41
STL
systems 1- · 11, 12
studio-transmitter link 1- · 11
subassembly removal and replacement 4- ·
2
subcarrier
input, specifications 6- · 4
inputs 2- · 9
modulation reduction 2- · 15
subcarrier input 2- · 7
subcarrier inputs 1- · 6
subnet mask 2- · 42
system setup
quick setup 2- · 11
System Setup screen 2- · 11
T
Tally output
Programming 2- · 20
Silence sense threshold 2- · 20
Wiring 2- · 4
TCP/IP
setting parameters 2- · 42
technical support 5- · 18, 11
telephone support 5- · 18, 11
Telnet 2- · 34
Terminal Port 2- · 34
test modes 3- · 7
time
daylight saving 2- · 12
summer 2- · 12
time & date 2- · 11
timeserver 2- · 44
top cover
reattaching 4 · 5
removing 4 · 2
troubleshooting
installation 5- · 1
U
unlock front panel 2- · 33
unpacking 2- · 1
Updating software 2- · 82
user presets
archiving 3- · 3
creating 3- · 5, 20, 3
V
Vestigial sideband 3- · 6
VPN, setting up 2- · 49, 9
W
Windows
installing services 2- · 48
Windows 2000
adding direct serial connection 2- · 52, 56, 72
Adding direct serial connection 2- · 78
Direct Connect 5- · 6
direct serial connection 2- · 51
modem connect 5- · 8
Modem connection 2- · 71
Windows XP
direct connect 5- · 9
Modem configuration 2- · 77
modem connect 5- · 10
word length
at output, specification 6- · 3
setting output 2- · 26
wordclock 2- · 5, 9
warranty 1- · 17
Warranty 1- · 17
warranty 6- · 5
whistle on-air
troubleshooting 5- · 3
X
XLR connector
wiring standard 2- · 7
5518-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION
Section 1
Introduction
About this Manual
The Adobe pdf form of this manual contains numerous hyperlinks and bookmarks. A
reference to a numbered step or a page number (except in the Index) is a live hyperlink; click on it to go immediately to that reference.
If the bookmarks are not visible, click the “Bookmarks” tab on the left
side of the Acrobat Reader window.
1-1
This manual has a table of contents and index. To search for a specific word or
phrase, you can also use the Adobe Acrobat Reader’s text search function.
The 5518 FM Stereo Encoder
Orban’s all-digital 5518 FM Stereo Encoder is a high-quality stand-alone stereo encoder that operates at 64 kHz to 512 kHz sample rates and offers lowpass filtering,
overshoot limiting, composite limiting, diversity delay, and an ITU412 multiplex
power controller. The 5518 must be driven (usually via an STL) by a full-featured FM
audio processor (like Orban’s 8600) that incorporates preemphasis-aware HF limiting
and peak control.
Take a little time now to familiarize yourself with the 5518. A small investment of
your time now will yield large dividends in audio quality.
The rest of Section 1 explains how the 5518 fits into the FM broadcast facility. Section 2 explains how to install it and set it up. Section 3 tells how to operate the
5518. Sections 4 through 6 provide reference information.
Flexible Configuration
There are two composite outputs with independent level controls, each
capable of driving 7in parallel with 47,000pF, (100ft/30m of coaxial cable). In
addition, the overshoot-limited left/right domain audio appears at the 5518’s
analog and AES3 digital outputs.
1-2
INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 5518
The 5518 includes analog and AES3 digital inputs and outputs. Both digital in-
put and digital output are equipped with sample-rate converters and can operate at 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz sample rates. The preemphasis
status and output levels are separately adjustable for the analog and digital outputs.
The analog inputs are transformerless, balanced 10k instrumentation-
amplifier circuits, and the analog outputs are transformerless balanced, and
floating (with 50 impedance) to ensure highest transparency and accurate
pulse response.
The 5518 has two subcarrier inputs that are mixed with the output of the
5518’s stereo encoder before application to the composite output connectors.
One input can be re-jumpered to provide a 19 kHz pilot reference output. Rearpanel accessible PC-board-mounted trim pots allow the user to adjust the sensitivities of the two SCA inputs, allowing both inputs to accommodate subcarrier
generators with output levels as low as 100 mV p-p.
The 5518 has a Wordclock/10 MHz Sync Reference Input, which can be used
to lock the stereo pilot tone to a high precision external reference like a GPSbased frequency standard. This facilitates using the 5518 in single-frequency
network applications.
Silence alarm and digital audio fault tally outputs are available.
All input, output, and power connections are rigorously RFI-suppressed to
Orban’s traditional exacting standards, ensuring trouble-free installation.
The 5518 is designed and certified to meet all applicable international
safety and emissions standards.
Signal Processing Features
The sample rate is 64 kHz and multiples thereof, up to 512 kHz. The inter-
nal audio bandwidth is high enough to prevent overshoot caused by spectral
truncation of the left/right input signals that are band-limited to 18 kHz or
lower. This makes the 5518 compatible with all Orban OPTIMOD-FM audio processors.
15, 16, or 17 kHz linear-phase lowpass filtering can be applied to the input
signal. To minimize input/output delay, this filter can be bypassed, which is appropriate if the input signal is correctly band-limited by the audio processor driving the 5518.
A left/right domain overshoot limiter is available. This combines look-ahead
and band-limited clipping techniques to control STL-induced overshoots while
minimizing artifacts.
5518-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION
A dual-mode composite limiter is available. The composite limiter uses a
unique, “you can only do this in DSP” process that beats composite clippers by
preserving stereo imaging while fully protecting the stereo pilot tone,
RDS/RBDS, and subcarriers. It can operate in either “Half-Cosine Interpola-
tion” mode or conventional hard clipper mode. The “Half-Cosine” mode provides better separation and preservation of stereo imaging, while the “Hard”
mode provides brighter sound because it creates waveforms that are closer to
square waves. Both modes provide excellent spectral protection of the pilot tone
and subcarrier regions. To ensure accurate peak control, the limiter operates at
512 kHz sample rate.
Using its built-in left/right domain and composite peak limiters, the 5518
achieves extremely tight peak control.
A high-accuracy ITU412 multiplex power controller is available, with user
control over the multiplex power threshold. This allows you to compensate for
overshoots in the signal path upstream from the 5518, preventing excessive reduction of the multiplex power.
1-3
The input signal can be flat or pre-emphasized to 50 µs or 75 µs.
The 5518 can apply J.17 deemphasis to the input signal.
The 5518 can delay its output by as much as 16 seconds. This delay can be used
as the diversity delay in HD Radio™ installations, which allows the 5518’s stereo encoder (including composite limiter) to be used in an HD Radio installation.
The stereo encoder’s stereo subchannel modulator can operate in normal double
sideband mode and in an experimental compatible single sideband mode
that is offered to enable users to compare and assess the two modes. See SSB
Stereo Encoder Operation on page 3-6.
Controllable
An LCD and full-time LED meters make setup, adjustment and programming
of the 5518 easy — you can always see the metering while you are adjusting the
processor. Navigation is by dedicated buttons, soft buttons (whose functions are
context-sensitive), and a large rotary knob.
The 5518 can be remote-controlled by 5-12V pulses applied to eight pro-
grammable, optically-isolated “general-purpose interface” (GPI) ports available
at the REMOTE INTERFACE connector on the rear panel.
PC Remote software is a graphical application that runs under Windows
2000/XP/Vista/7. It communicates with a given 5518 via TCP/IP over modem, di-
rect serial, and Ethernet connections. You can configure PC Remote to switch
between many 5518s via a convenient organizer that supports giving any 5518
1-4
INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 5518
an alias and grouping multiple 5518s into folders. Clicking a 5518’s icon causes
PC Remote to connect to that 5518 through an Ethernet network, or initiates a
Windows Dial-Up or Direct Cable Connection if appropriate. The PC Remote
software allows the user to access all 5518 features and allows the user to archive and restore presets, automation lists, and system setups (containing I/O
levels, digital word lengths, GPI functional assignments, etc.).
The 5518 contains a versatile real-time clock, which allows automation of vari-
ous events (including recalling presets) at pre-programmed times. The clock can
be set automatically from an Internet timeserver.
A Bypass Test Mode can be invoked locally, by remote control (from either the
5518’s GPI port or the 5518 PC Remote application), or by automation to permit
broadcast system test and alignment or “proof of performance” tests.
The 5518 contains a built-in line-up tone generator, facilitating quick and ac-
curate level setting in any system.
The 5518’s software can be upgraded by running Orban-supplied download-
able upgrade software on a PC. The upgrade can occur remotely through the
5518’s Ethernet port or serial port (connected to an external modem), or locally
(by connecting a Windows® computer to the 5518’s serial port through the supplied null modem cable).
The SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) features allow you to moni-
tor your Optimod’s status and to send Alarm notifications via your Optimod’s
Ethernet connection to your network.
Presets in the 5518
There are two distinct kinds of presets in the 5518: factory presets and user presets.
The 5518 used the same preset logic as other OPTIMOD-FMs and should be familiar
to users of the OPTIMOD-FM family of products. Like other 5518s, it offers Factory
and User Presets. Because the 5518 is a dedicated stereo encoder, it comes with only
one Factory Preset, which allows you to set up the parameters of the stereo encoder.
Normally, when you have finished setting up the 5518 by editing its Factory Preset,
you will then save the result as a User Preset. You can save many different customized settings as different User Presets. For example, you could activate and defeat
the left/right domain overshoot limiter by creating two User Presets, one with the
limiter turned on and one with the limiter turned off.
The Factory Preset is stored in the 5518’s non-volatile memory and cannot be erased.
You can change the settings of the Factory Preset but you must then store those settings as a User Preset, which you are free to name as you wish. The Factory Preset
remains unchanged.
5518-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION
User Presets are stored in non-volatile memory that does not require battery
backup. To Create or Save a User Preset on page 3-3 has more about User Presets.
o recall a preset:
T
A) Turn the knob until your desired preset is visible in the lower line of the dis-
play.
1-5
B) Press the Recall
Next button to put your desired preset on-air.
Input/Output Configuration
The 5518 simultaneously accommodates:
Digital AES3 left/right inputs and outputs.
Analog left/right inputs and outputs.
Composite stereo outputs.
Subcarrier (SCA and RDS/RBDS) inputs.
A sync reference input that can accept 10 MHz or 1 x wordclock (32, 44.1, 48,
88.2, and 96 kHz) and lock the digital output sample rate and the 19 kHz pilot
tone frequency to this input.
Digital AES3 Left/Right Input/Output
The digital input and output conform to the professional AES3 standard. They both
have sample rate converters to allow operation at 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz
sample frequency.
The left/right digital input is on one XLR-type female connector on the rear panel;
the left/right digital output is on one XLR-type male connector on the rear panel.
The 5518 provides digital and analog inputs and outputs. You select whether the
5518 uses the digital or analog input either locally or by remote interface. If the
5518 is set to accept a digital input and the feed fails, the 5518 will automatically
switch back to the analog input.
Level control of the AES3 input is accomplished via software control through System
Setup (see step 4 on page 2-23) or through PC Remote.
Both analog and digital outputs are active continuously
The 5518’s output sample rate can be locked either to the 5518’s internal crystal
clock or to the sample rate present at its AES3 input.
.
1-6
INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 5518
The 5518 can apply J.17 deemphasis to signals applied to its digital input and J.17
preemphasis to the processed signal emitted from its digital output. J.17 is a
6 dB/octave shelving preemphasis/deemphasis standard with break points at 400 Hz
and 4 kHz. It is used mainly in older studio/transmitter links that use NICAM technology. The 5518’s provisions for J.17 make it fully compatible with systems using
this standard.
The analog and digital outputs emit the same signal that drives the 5518’s stereo
encoder DSP block. This signal may be lowpass filtered and/or protection-limited,
depending on control settings in the active preset. The level, deemphasis, and other
parameters of these outputs are set in System Setup.
Analog Left/Right Input/Output
The left and right analog inputs are on XLR-type female connectors on the rear
panel. Input impedance is greater than 10k; balanced and floating. Inputs can accommodate up to +27 dBu (0 dBu = 0.775Vrms).
The left and right analog outputs are on XLR-type male connectors on the rear
panel. Output impedance is 50; balanced and floating. The outputs can drive 600
or higher impedances, balanced or unbalanced. The peak output level is adjustable
from –6 dBu to +24 dBu.
Level control of the analog inputs and outputs is accomplished via software control
through System Setup (see step 2 on page 2-23 and step 6 on page 2-25) or through
PC Remote.
Stereo Analog Baseband Composite Output
The stereo encoder has two unbalanced analog baseband outputs on two BNC connectors on the rear panel. Each output can be strapped for or 7source impedance and can drive up to 16dBu (±13.82V peak) into 7in parallel with up to
0.047F (100ft/30m of RG-59/U cable) before any significant audible performance
degradation occurs.
Refer to Figure 2-3 on page 2-8.
Independent
page 2-23.
level control of each output is available via software (see step 5 on
Subcarriers
The stereo encoder has two unbalanced 60subcarrier (SCA) inputs with rearpanel BNC connectors to accept any subcarrier at or above 23 kHz. The subcarriers
are mixed into each composite output and their level is not affected by the composite level control for that output. The 5518 does not digitize subcarriers; the mixing
occurs after D/A conversion and is analog.
5518-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION
Subcarrier inputs sum into the composite baseband outputs. Rear-panel accessible
PC-board-mounted trim pots allow the user to adjust the sensitivities of the two SCA
inputs from <100 mV p-p to >10 V p-p to produce 10% injection with respect to
100% modulation = 4 V p-p at the 5518’s composite outputs (the factory setting is 4
V p-p to produce 10% injection). Thus both inputs accommodate subcarrier generators with output levels as low as 100 mV p-p.
The correct peak level of the stereo program applied to the stereo encoder sometimes depends on the number of subcarriers in use. Some regulatory authorities require that total baseband peak modulation be maintained within specified limits.
The 5518’s remote control feature allows you to reduce the stereo main level by
connecting an on/off signal from your subcarrier generator (See page 2-7). You define the amount of reduction in percent using the procedure in step 17 on page 2-
15. See page 2-34 for information on programming the remote control.
jumper (J6) on the circuit board can reconfigure the SCA 2 input to provide the
A
stereo pilot tone only, which can provide a pilot reference for an RDS subcarrier
generator.
Remote Control Interface
1-7
The Remote Control Interface is a set of eight optically-isolated GPI inputs on a DB25 connector, which can be activated by 5-12V DC. They can control various functions of the 5518:
Recall any Factory Preset, User Preset, Test Mode state (Bypass or Tone), or exit
from a Test Mode to the previous processing preset.
Switch the stereo encoder to stereo, mono from left, mono from right, or mono
from sum audio input. This also determines the feed to the entire processing
chain so that facilities that do not use the 5518’s stereo encoder can change stereo/mono mode and select the source when in mono mode.
Switch the 5518 to use either the analog input or the digital input.
Independently activate and defeat the diversity delay applied to the analog,
digital, and composite outputs.
Reduce the stereo main and subchannel modulation to compensate for transmit-
ter overshoot and subcarrier inputs (SCAs).
The remote control of overshoot compensation and SCA modulation (see
page 2-34) is not latching. You must supply a continuous current
programmed remote input to hold the gain at its compensated level. Use
the status outputs of your transmitter and/or SCA generators to provide
the switching signal so the compensation will automatically follow the
transmitter and/or subcarrier generator on the air.
to the
Reset the 5518’s internal clock to the nearest hour or to midnight.
The tally outputs can be programmed to indicate the following:
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INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 5518
Input: Analog: Indicates that the 5518 is using audio from its analog input.
Input: Digital: Indicates that the 5518 is using audio from its AES3 digital input.
Analog Input Silent: Indicates that the level at either or both analog input chan-
nels is below the threshold set in step (A) on page 2-20.
AES
AES
No Function: Tally output is disabled.
You can reconfigure the functions of the inputs and outputs via System Setup.
See page 2-34 for information on programming the remote control interface.
Input Silent: Indicates that the level at either or both digital input channels
is below the threshold set in step in step (A) on page 2-20.
Input Error: Indicates that the 5518’s AES input receiver chip has detected a
problem with the data being received such that the data is unusable. When the
chip detects such an error, it automatically switches the input to Analog.
Computer Interface
On the rear panel of the 5518 are an RS-232 serial port and an Ethernet port for interfacing to IBM-compatible PCs. These computer interfaces support remote control
and metering, and allow downloading software upgrades.
Each 5518 package ships with 5518 PC Remote software, an application for any IBMcompatible PC running Microsoft Windows 2000 (Service Pack 3 or higher), XP, Vista,
or 7. 5518 PC Remote permits you to adjust any 5518 preset by remote control or to
do virtually anything else that you can do from the 5518’s front panel controls. The
program displays all of the 5518’s LCD meters on the computer screen to aid remote
adjustment.
RS-232 Serial Port
5518 PC Remote can communicate at up to 115 kbps via modem or direct connection
between the computer and the 5518 through their RS-232 serial ports.
RJ45 Ethernet Connector
The 5518 can be connected to any Ethernet network that supports the TCP/IP protocol.
See Networking and Remote Control on page 2-42 for more information.
Wordclock/10 MHz Sync Reference Input
The sync reference input appears on a female BNC jack grounded to the 5518’s chassis. It accepts a 1x 5V p-p squarewave wordclock signal at 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, or 96
kHz, or a 10 MHz sinewave or squarewave signal, 0.5 to 5 V peak. 10 MHz is a common output frequency produced by GPS and rubidium frequency standards. You can
5518-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION
configure the 5518 to lock its 19 kHz pilot tone and output sample frequency to this
input.
The sample frequency at the 5518’s digital output does not have to be the same as
the reference frequency. If the output frequency is different, the output sample frequency will be the product of a quotient of integers times the reference frequency.
For example, if the reference frequency is 96 kHz and the output frequency is set to
32 kHz, the actual output frequency will be 1/3 x the reference frequency. If the reference frequency is 48 kHz and the output frequency is set to 44.1 kHz, the actual
output frequency will be 147/160 x the reference frequency.
Location of the 5518
Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels
An OPTIMOD-FM audio processor produces a signal that is pre-emphasized to either
the 50s or 75s standard preemphasis curve. It is precisely and absolutely highfrequency-controlled and peak-controlled to prevent over-modulation, and is filtered at 15 kHz to protect the 19 kHz pilot and prevent distortion caused by aliasing-related non-linear crosstalk. If this signal is fed directly into a stereo encoder
without overshoot limiters, peak modulation levels on the air will nevertheless be
precisely controlled. However, if the audio processor’s signal is fed to such a stereo
encoder through any circuitry with frequency response errors and/or non-constant
group delay, the peaks will be magnified. Peak modulation will increase, but average modulation will not. The 5518’s overshoot limiters must then be enabled, avoiding the need to reduce the modulation level to accommodate the larger peaks. Reduced average modulation level will cause reduced loudness and a poorer signal-tonoise ratio at the receiver.
1-9
Because the 5518’s overshoot limiters (like any such limiters) can introduce undesirable audible artifacts, minimizing the overshoot in the signal path between your
audio processor and the 5518 will make your transmission as clean-sounding as possible.
Landline equalizers, transformers, and 15 kHz lowpass filters and preemphasis networks in stereo encoders typically introduce frequency response errors and nonconstant group delay. There are three criteria for preservation of peak levels
through the audio system:
1) The system group delay must be essentially constant throughout the frequency
range containing significant energy (30-15,000Hz). If lowpass filters are present,
this may require the use of delay equalization. The deviation from linear-phase
must not exceed 1 from 30-15,000Hz.
2) The low-frequency 3 dB point of the system must be placed at 0.15Hz or lower
(this is not a misprint!). This is necessary to ensure less than 1% overshoot in a
50Hz square wave and essentially constant group delay to 30Hz.
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INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 5518
3) Any preemphasis used in the audio transmission system prior to the stereo en-
coder must be canceled by a precisely complementary deemphasis: Every pole
and zero in the preemphasis filter must be complemented by a zero and pole of
identical complex frequency in the deemphasis network. An all-pole deemphasis
network (like the classic series resistor feeding a grounded capacitor) is not appropriate. However, this network could be corrected by adding a second resistor
between ground and the capacitor, which would introduce a zero.
Lowpass filters (including anti-aliasing filters in digital links), highpass filters, transformers, distribution amplifiers, and long transmission lines can all cause the above
criteria to be violated and must be tested and qualified. It is clear that the above criteria for optimal control of peak modulation levels are most easily met when the
audio processor directly feeds the 5518.
Best Location for the 5518
The best location for the 5518 is as close as possible to the transmitter, so that its
composite output can be connected to the transmitter through a circuit path that
introduces the least possible change in the shape of the 5518’s carefully peak-limited
composite output waveform — a short length of coaxial cable.
If the transmitter is not accessible:
All audio processing must be done at the studio and you must tolerate any damage
that occurs later. The 5518 is only applicable to this situation if a broadband (0-75
kHz) phase-linear link to the transmitter is available.
If the transmitter is accessible:
You can achieve the most accurate control of modulation peaks by locating the 5518
at the transmitter site and then using its composite output to drive the transmitter.
You can usually also obtain good results by locating the 5518 at the studio and connecting the baseband output of its stereo encoder to the transmitter through a
composite baseband STL (see page 1-12). However, many composite baseband STLs
do not control peaks perfectly because of bounce (see page 1-13), and locating the
5518 at the transmitter site (where it can control
RF exciter) is thus likely to maximize loudness.
We strongly recommend that you use the 5518’s internal stereo encoder to feed the
output of the encoder directly to the baseband input of the exciter through less
than 100 feet (30 meters) of coaxial cable.
The shorter the baseband cable from OPTIMOD-FM to exciter, the less likely that
ground loops or other noise problems will occur in the installation. If you require a
long cable run, you can use a Jensen JT-123-BLCF transformer
loops. This transformer will ordinarily cure even the most stubborn hum or noise
caused by the composite connection between OPTIMOD-FM and the exciter. For
peaks just prior to the transmitter’s
1
to break any ground
1
http://www.jensen-transformers.com/datashts/123blcf1.pdf
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