Olympus BHT User Manual

MOdCI

BHT

This instruction

manual

has

been

written

for

the

use

of theOlympus

System

Microscope

Model

BHT.

lt is

recommended

thatyou

read the

manual carefully

in

orderto

familiarize

yourself

fully

with the

use

of the

microscope,

so

that

you

can

obtain

optimum

performance

from

it.

IMPORTANT

Observe

the

following

points

carefully:

I

Operation

1.

Always

handle the

microscope

with

the care

it

deserves,

and

avoid abrupt

motions.

2.

Avoid

the

use and

maintenance

of the microscope

in

direct sunlight,

high temperature

and

humidity,

dust

and

vibration.

Only

use

the tension

adjustment

ring

for altering

the

tension

of

the

coarse

adjustment

knobs.

(Do

not

twist

the two

coarse

adjustment

knobs

in

opposite

directions simultaneous-

ly,

as this

will cause

damage.)

Make

sure

that

the

voltage

selector

switch

on the

base

plate

is

set to

conform

with the

local

mains

voltage.

Make it

a

point

of

grounding

the

microscope

to

prevent

electric accidents.

I

Maintenance

1.

Lenses

must always

be

kept

clean.

Carefully

wipe

off

oil or

fingerprints

deposited

on the

lens surfaces

with

gauze

moistened

with a

small

amount

of

xylene, alcohol

or

ether.

2.

Do not

use

organic solutions

to

wipe the surfaces

of

various

components.

Plastic

parts,

especially,

should

be cleaned

with

neutral

detergent.

3.

Never

disassemble

the

microscope

for

repair.

Only

authorized

Olympus

service

personnel

should

make

repairs.

4. The

microscope

should

be

covered

with the

vinyl

dust cover

provided

and

stored

in

a

place

free

from humidity

and

fungi.

For extended storage

it is

recommended

to

keep objectives

and

eyepieces in

desiccators,

containing

desiccants such

as

silica

gel.

3.

4.

5.

I.

STANDARD

EOUIPMENT

II . NOM

ENCLATU

R E

III. ASSEM

BLY

IV. IDENTIFICATION

AND FUNCTION

V.

OPE

RATION

A. Switching

on the Light Source

CONTENTS

VARIOUS COMPONENTS

r'* ooir;.r;;;

OF

2 3 4 6 9

Voltage

Adjustment and

Light Intensity

Placement of

a

Specimen

Slide

la"""r

classl

fStadl

Observation

Tube

1.

Interpupillary Distance

Adjustment

2.

Diopter

Adjustment

3.

Light

Path

Selector

Condenser

Adjustment

1.

Condenser

Centration

Field lris Di

m

Aperture

lris Diaphragm

Focusing Adjustment

1. Tension

of

Coarse

Adjustment

Knobs

and

Use of Rubber

Cap

for Fine Adjustment

Knob

2.

Pre-Focusing Lever

3. Adjustment

of Stage Block

Height

F. Use

of

lmmersion Objectives

G.

Photomicrography

VI.

OPTICAL

DATA

.

.'. .

VII.

TROUBLESHOOTING

B.

10

11

C.

12

D.

13

E.

14

16 17

t.

STANDARD

EOUIPMENT

Component

Model

BHT-11

1

BHT-112

BHT-312

Microscope

stand

BHT-F

1

Line

cord

UYCP

1

Observation

tubes

Binocular

tube

BH2-8130

1

0

Trinocular

tube

BH2-TR30

0

1

Ouintuple

revolving

nosepiece

BH2-5RE

1

Square

mechanical

stage

with

right-hand

BH2-SVR

low

drive

coaxial

controls

1

Condensers

Abbe

condenser

BH2-CD

1

0

Swing-outcondenser

BH2-SC

0

1

Halogen

lamP

holder

LS-20H

1

Halogen

bulbs

6V20WHAL

2

Objectives

D

Ach.

4X,

D Ach.

10X,

D Ach.

40X,

D

Ach.

100X

(oil)

1

each

0

D

Plan 4X,

D

Plan 10X,

D

Plan

40X

D

Plan 100X

(oil)

0

1

each

1

each

Eyepieces

WHK1OX

2

Photo

eyepiece

NFKS'3X

Filter

KB-4

0

1

lmmersion

oil,

bottled

Vinyl

dust

cover

Allen

wrench

1

II. NOM

ENCLATURE

The

Model

BHT

consists

of

various

components

and

interchangeable

accessories

as

shown

in

the

photo

below. A

wide variety of combinations,

standard

or

optional,

isavailable

according

to

your

req u i

re

men ts.

Eyepiece

Halogen

lamp

holder

Observation

tube

Microscope

stand

Revolving

nosepiece

III.

ASSEMBLY

This

picture

illustrates

the

sequential

procedure

of assembly.

The

numbers

indicate

the

order

of assembly

of

various

components.

Remove

dust

caps

before

mounting

components'

Take

care

to

keep

all

glass

surfaces

clean,

and

avoid

scratching

the

glass

surface'

NoTE:

For

numbers

@

and @

please

refer

to

explanations

in

detail

on

the

Specimen

holder

Observation

tube

clamping

screw

Clamping

scre\n

s

Condenser

clamPi

ng

screw

NosePiece

%

I8..,,

Halogen

bulb

0

riri

@

-5l Halogen

lamp

- +l

holcier

Condenser

(The

N-A-

scale

engraved

on

the

con-

denser

shou

ld

face

the

microscoPe

front.)

Microscope

stand

;r

--4--Ta-

To AC

t-inercorO

@

outlet

Observation

tube

Circular

dovetai

I

mount

@

Explanations

in

detail

Mounting

the

stage

1) Loosen the stage

clamping

screw

O

Ov

rotating counterclockwise.

(Fig.

1)

2)

Insert

the stage

into the

mounting

dove-

tail

of

the

microscope

stand slowly and

lock with

clamping screw.

Mounting

the

revolving

nosepiece

1)

L-oosen

the

nosepiece

clamping

screw

O.

(Fig.2)

2) Aligning

the nosepiece dovetail

slide to

the mounting

block @,

push

in

the

nose-

piece

slowly all the way.

NOTE:

Do not

tilt

or rock

the nose-

piece

while inserting

into

the

mountinq

block.

Mounting

the observation

tube

1) Loosen

the clamping

knob

e

tutty.

pull

spring-loaded

clamping

knob

O

. This

will

cause

the locating

@

to

withdraw.

(Fig.

3) lf

the

does

not,

loosen

the

screw

further

until

the

withoraws.

2)

Witfr clamping

knob

e

pulled

out,

insert

the

circular

dovetail

of

the

observation

tube

into

the ring

dovetail.

3) Tighten

the

clamping

knob.

Fis.

1

@

Fig.2

Fig.3

IV.

IDENTIFICATION

AND

FUNCTION

OF

VARIOUS

COMPONENTS

Sliding

voltage

control

lever

Voltug"

lowers

as the

lever

is

pulled

toward

the

microscope

front.

&

Light

path

selector

knob

The

knob

can

be

operated

in

3

positions to

deflect

the

light

as

desired.

Tension

adjustment

rlng

Clockwise

rotation

increases

coarse

adjustment

tension'

Coarse adjustment

knob

Coarse

adjustment

range:

26mm

Fine

adjustment

knob

Stage

clamPing

screw

Loosen

the

screw

ano

the

stage

can

be

rotated.

Condenser

centering

knobs

Y-axis

low

drive

control

knob

Y

excursion

range: 50mm

_n

Diopter

adjustment

flng

Field

iris

diaPhragm

ring

Arrow

mark O

+Q

indicates

increase

in

diaPhragm

diameter'

Condenser

height

adjustment

knob

Pre-focusing

lever

Line

cord

I

<

\,\.

c)

l-

o)

-

P

:l

C)

Summary

of

Putting

dre Microscope

into

Operation

Model

BHT

A. Match

the voltage

selector

switch

to local mains voltage

(page

g).

B.

Switch

on

the light

source

(page

9).

C.

Place

a specimen

slide on

the mechanical

stage

(page

9).

D.

Coarse

focus

with

the 10X

objective

(page

10.

13).

E.

Make

interpupillary distance

and

diopter

adjustments

(page

1l

).

F.

Adjust the condenser

position

(page

12).

G.

Swing in the desired

objective.

H.

Adjust light

intensity.

l. Fine focus.

J.

Adjust

aperture

iris diaphragm

and

field

iris diaphragm

(page

12).

Adjustment

of

lllumination

System

for

Various

objective

Powers

*N.A.

is somewhat

low,

but

still compatible

with

a

100X

objective.

(Cut

off

this

page

at

dotted

line and

put

it

on

the wall

near the microscopefor useasa

reminder

of micro-

scopic

procedure.)

Objective

magnif

ication

Achromatic-

aplanatic condenser BH2.AAC

Swing-out condenser

BH2-SC

Low

power

condenser

BH2-UL-C

Compatible

Swing in

top

lens

oL:yMPus

V.

OPERATION

-

A.

Switching

on

the

Light

Source

1) Ascertain

that the voltage

selector

switch

O

is

set to conform

with

the local

mains

volt-

ase.

(Fig.

a)

lf

the

switch

is

not

correctly

set,

adjust

it

by

means

of

the

Allen wrench

provided

or

a

i

screwdriver.

T

2)

Place

the

sliding

voltage

control

lever

on

the

I

right

side of

the microscope

base

to a

posi-

tion closest

to

you

(low

voltage

position).

Switch on

the

light

source.

(Fig.

)

Voltage

Adjustment

and

Light Intensity

As

you push

the control

lever@

in the

direc-

tion of

the arrow

in order

to

obtain

increas-

ing

intensity

(Fig.

5),

the

LED readout

@

will display

the lamp

voltage.

B. Placement

of a

Specimen

Slide

1) Rotate

the coarse

adjustment

knobs

O in

the direction

of

the

arrow

to rack

down

the

stage

so that

a

specimen

slide can

be

placed

on

the

stage.

(Fig.

6)

NOTE:

The rotation

of

the

coarse

and fine

adjustment

knobs

in

the

direction

of

the

arrow

will

rack

down

the

stage.

2)

Opening

the

spring-loaded

finger

of

the

specimen

holder

with

one

hand,

place

a

specimen

slide

inside

the

holder.

(Fig.

7)

When

the

slide comes

in contact

with

the

back

of

the

specimen

holder,

slowly

return

the

spring-loaded

f

inger.

WARNING:

lf

the

spring-loaded

finger

is

returned

quickly,

it may

cause

damage

to

the

specimen

slide.

)}

..J

Fis.

5

1I'

Fig.4

Fis.6

Fig.7

a

An

Olympus

objective

engraved

"i60/0.17"

requires

a

cover

glass

of

0.17mm

thickness.

lf the

numerical

aperture

of

the

objective

is

0.7

or

higher

(except

immersion

objectives)

and

no

correction

collar

is

provided,

the

resolving

power

deteriorates

to

a

great

extent if

cover

glass

thickness

deviates

from the

above

listed

value'

NOTE:

In

some

countries

aO.17

mm

cover

glass

corresponds

to

a

designation

of

#1%.

o

A cover

glass

(O.4mm

thick)

for blood

counting,

etc.

can

be

used

with Olympusobjectives

except

D

Plan

40X, S

Plan Apo

40X

and

S

Plan 100X'

I

Specimen

slides

0.8

mm

to 1.5

mm thick

are

recommended

for Olympus

objectives.

o

Specimen

slides

0.8

mm to

1.2

mm thick

are

recommended

for the

darkfield

condenser

and

the

differential

interference

contrast

con-

denser.

3)

Bring

the

portion

of

the

specimen

for obser-

vation

into

the

light

path

by

means

of the

low

drive

control

knobs.

(Fig.

B)

*

Tighten

the

stage

clamping

screw

O

in the

microscoPe

front.

r-----------.'l

I

Stage

I

The

specimen

holder

can

accommodate

two

standard

specimen

slides

simultaneously.

o

The

specimen

holder

is

removable

to

obtain

a large

unobstructed

stage

surface

to

hold

specimens

uP to

55

mm x 85

mm.

o

To

rotate

the stage

loosen

the

stage

clamping

screw

O

and

holding

this

screw,

rotate

the

stage

into

the

desired

direciton.

(Fig.

9)

@

Stage

clips

for use

with

immersion

objectives.

(Fis.

i 0)

A

pair

of stage

clips are

optionally

available

to

hold

the

specimen

on the

stage,

eliminat-

ing

a specimen

drag

caused

by

immersion

oil

between

slide

and

stage

surface.

T'he

clips

can

be inserted

into

the

holes O

provided

on

the

specimen

holder.

Fig.

9

10

Fig.

10

c.

Observation

Tube

Interpupillary

Distance

Adjustment

1)

Click

the

i0X objective

into

position.

2) Looking

through

the

eyepieces

with

both

eyes,

adjust

the

interpupillary

distance

of

the binocular

tube

by

adjusting

the

knurled

dovetail

slides

O of

the right

and

left

eyepiece

tubes with

both

hands

until

perfect

binocular

vision

is

obtained.

(Fig.

11)

Diopter

Adjustment

1) Look

at

the image

through

the right eye-

piece

with

your

right

eye

and focus

on

the

specimen

with

the

fine

adjustment

knobs.

2) Next,

look at

the image

through

the

left

eyepiece

with

your

left eye

and

rotate

the

diopter

adjustment

ring

O to focus

on

the specimen

without

using

the coarse

and

fine

adjustment

knobs.

(Fig.

12)

Light Path

Selection

1) The trinocular

tube

is

provided

with

a

light

path

selector knob to direct

the

light

to

the observation

tube

and/or

to

the

photo

tube

in 3

positions. (Fig.

13)

1.

2.

3.

Fig.

i 1

Fis.

12

o

E\

ffilrF--s,*

Fis.

13

The

indicator

plate

is

provided

at the

knob

port

to

summarize the usage of

the above

table;

it

can be consulted

before

operating

the

knob.

V: Viewer

(white

letter)

CV:

Camera & viewer

(yellow-green

letters)

C:

Camera

(red

letter)

The colors

of

the letters

correspond

with

the color bands

on the knob

shaft.

Knob Position

Pushed

in all

the

way

(v)

Pulled

out halfway

(c.

v.)

Pulled

out

all

the

way

(c)

Amount of

light

1O0o/o

into binocular

tube

20% BO%o

nto binocular

tube

nto

photo

tube

lOO%

into

photo

tube

Application

O

Observation

@

Dark

specimens

O

Observation of

exces-

^

sively bright

specimens

€)

Photo

m icrography

(fo-

cusing

through

the

bi-

nocu lar

tube)

Photomicrography

of

dark

specimens

11

D.

CondenserAdjustment

1. Condenser

Centration

1)

Stop

down

the

f

ield

iris

diaphragm

with

knurled

ring

O by

rotating

in

the

direc-

tion

of

the

arrow.

(Fig'

14)

2)

Use

the

condenser

height

adjustment

knob

@

to

move

the

condenser

uP

and

down

until

an

image

of

the

field

dia-

phragm

can

be

seen

clearly

in

the

eye-

oieces.

The

rotation

of the

knob

in

the

direction

of

the

arrow

lowers

the

con-

Field

of

view

lf

the

polygonal

image

of

the

iris

the

field

diaphragm

is

centered.

o

The

field iris

diaphragm

controts

the

diameter

of

the

ray

bundle

impining

on

the

speci-

men

surface

and

therefore,

by

stopping

down

the

fierd

diaphragm

until

it

is

slightly

larger

than

the

field

of

view,

it

can

reduce

stray

light,

which

in

turn

increases

image

defi-

nition

and

contrast.

Fig. 14

denser.

Field

iris

diaphragm

ffi+o

Bring

the

field

iris

diaphragm

image

into

denser

centering

knobs

@.

(Fig.

1a)

the

center

of

the

field

of

view

with

the

two

con-

4)Widenthediameteroftheirisdiaphragmprogressive|y' diaphragmbecomesinscribedinthefie|ditmeansthat

(Fig.

1

5)

Field

lris

DiaPhragm

Aperture

lris

DiaPhragm

o

rn

order

to

achieve

optimum

objective

performance,

the

opening

of

the

aperture

rrs

diaphragm

should

be

matched

to

the

numerical

aperture

of

the

objective

in

use'

lt

is

often

preferable,

however,

to

stop

down

the

aperture

diaphragm

slightly

more

than

in-

dicated

by

the

objective

N.A.

Thiswill

result

in

better

image

contrast,

increased

depth

of

focus

and

a

flatter

field.

After

completing

focus

adjustment,

re-

move

one

of

the

eyepieces

from

the

ob-

servation

tube

and

look

into

the

empty

eyepiece

tube.

As

You

stoP

down

the

aperture

iris

diaphragm,

the

image

of the

iris

diaphragm

can

be

seen

in

the

object-

ive

pupil.

Adjust

the

opening

of the

diaphragm

to

match

the

N'A.

of

the

ob-

jective

in

use.

lf

the

specimen

is

low

in

contrast,

it

is recommended

to

stop

down

lo

70%

-

8O%o

of the

objective

N.R'

(Fig'

16)

Opening

of the

aperture

diaPhragm

Objective

exit

PuPil

12

Fig.

16

.

Focus Adjustment

1. Tension

of Coarse

Ad

justment

Knobs and

Fine

Adjustment.

Although the tension

of

the

coarse adjust-

ment

knobs has

been already adjusted

for

optimum

performance

by

the

manufacturer,

it is

possible

to

personally

adjust the tension

of

the

coarse

adjustment

for either

heavy or

light

movement

depending

on

the

operator's

preference

by

rotating the tension

adjust-

ment rins

e.

(Fig.

17)

The

ring can

be rotated

by

inserting

a screwdriver into

one of the holes

on

the

periphery

of

the

ring. The

clockwise

rotation

(in

the

direction

of

the arrow) tightens

the

coarse adjust-

ment

knobs. Do not loosen

the ring too

much, because the stage

may drop

or

the

fine

adjustment

knobs may

slip.

NOTE: Do

not

rotate the

right

and

left coarse

adjustment

knobs

in

the

opposite

directions

simultaneously.

lf

the stage

drops and the

specimen

goes

out of

focus,

the tension

adjustment

ring

is

too

loose. Tighten the

ring.

Use

of Rubber

Cap

for

Fine

Adjustment

Knob

Attaching

this

cap over the

fine

adjustment

knob

increases

the

sensitivity

of

the

fine

focus-

ing

motion.

(The

rubber

cap

is

optionally

avail-

able.)

2.

Pre-Focusing Lever This lever

@

is

provided

to

prevent

possible

contact

between specimen

and

objective

as

well as

to

simplify

coarse

focusing.

(Fig.

1B)

The

lever

is

locked after

coarse

focus

has

been accomplished.

This

prevents

further

upward

travel

of

the stage

by means of the

coarse

adjustment

knobs,

and automatically

provides

a limiting stop lf

the stage is

lowered

and then

raised again. The

pre-focusing

lever

does

not restrict f ine

focusing.

3. Adjustment

of

Stage

Block

Height

ln addition

to the

vertical

movement of the

stage

by means

of

coarse

and

fine

adjust-

ments, the stage

block

height can be changed

for

observation

of

specimens'which

are

thicker

than standard slides,

e.g. chambers,

flasks,

etc. with

much

larger

thickness.

The

stage

block

height can be adjusted

by

loosening

the stage

block locking screw

O

'19

Then,

dislocate

the

After

lowering the

with

the Allen

wrench

provided

and

retightening it

at

the

upper

position.

lower limit stop

beneath the stage

block

into

a

lower tapped

hole.

stage

block,

reclamp

the

stage block

locking

screw

@.

(Fig.

19)

t-

t:

t\..

Er r \

I t----l

ll---ri--- | | |

It---: | | t

l.:

l/

Fig.

17

F

is. 18

13

F. Use

of

lmmersion

Objectives

1)

Focus

the specimen

with

a low

power

objective.

2)

put

a

drop

of immersion

oil

on the

specimen

slide

and

the

front

lens of

the immersion

objective.

3) Turn

the

revolving

nosepiece

to

bring

the

immersion

objective

into

the

light

path,

and

focus

with

the

fine adjustment

knobs.

NOTE:

O

For immersion

condensers

such

as an

achromatic-aplanatic

condenser

or Abbe

condenser,

remove

the

specimen

from

the

mechanical

stage

and

place

a

drop

of

immersion

oil

on

the

front

lens

of the

condenser.

Then,

place

the specimen

on

the

stage

and

slowly

raise

the

condenser

until

firm contact

with the

underside

of

the

sPecimen

slide

is

made.

@ Care

shouid

be taken

to

prevent

oil

bubbles

from

forming

in the

oil

film

between

condenser

and

specimen

slide.

lf any,

re-apply

immersion

oil,

for

these

bubbles

greatly

deteriorate

the

lens

performance.

@

After

use

carefully

wipe

off the

immersion

oil

deposited

on

the

lens

surfaces

with

gauze

moistened

with xylene.

Never

leave

oil on

the

lens

surfaces

after

use

as

oil

remnants

will seriously

impair

the

performance

of

the lens

system.

G.

PhotomicrograPhY

The

Olympus

photomicrographic

Equipment

Model

PM-1OAD

is

uniquely

qualified

to be

used

with

the

BHT

microscope

for routine

and

advanced

photomicrography.

A separate,

detailed

instruction

manual

is

available

for

the

PM-1OAD

camera

system'

For

quick

reference,

however,

you

may

want to

refer to

the

following

pointerswhen using

the

PM-104D-

1.

Photographic

EYePiece

Use

N F K

photo

eyepieces

for

photomicro-

graPhY.

Insert

the

eyepiece

into

the

eyepiece

tube

of

the

photo

tube.

(Fig.

20)

Fig.

20

2.

Mounting

the

PhotograPhic

Unit

Slip

the

body

of the

photographic

unit

over the

photo

tube.

Align

the

dots

on

photo

tube

and

the

PM-iOAD

body and

clamp

the

camera

unit

to

the

photo

tube.

(Fig.

21)

3. Setting

the

Light

Path

Selector

Refer

to section

C.3.

on

Page

1

1.

Fis.21

14

4.

Focusing Procedure Use the

field of view eyepieces

for focusing

on

the

film

plane.

Each

field of vieweyepiece

has a

focusing

front

lens and

a reticle with 4

frames,

each

frame

indicating the area covered

by a

specif ic

power

N F

K

photo

eyepeice.

(Fig.

22!-.

The number at each frame

indicates the

magnification of

the

photo

eyepiece.

The

image in the

field

of view eyepiece

and

the

image

on

the

film

plane

are

in

focus

at

the

same time. Several

type

field of view eye-

pieces

are available,

according

to

the

film

size

employed.

Field of

view

eyepiece

35WH Kl OX

PWH

Kl

OX 4X5WH K

1OX

MHWH

Kl OX

Attachment camera

35mm Back 3T+" x 4Y+"

Polaroid

Back

4" x5"

Sheet

Film

or

Polaroid

Film

Holder

16

mm

Bolex

camera

120 Roll

Film

Holder

1) Select the

field

of view eyepiece matching

the

camera back

in

use

and insert it into the

right eyepiece

tube

of

the trinocular

tube,

aligning

locating

groove

and

locating

pin.

2)

While

looking through

the

field

of view eyepiece, rotate

the

eyepiece front

lens

in

screw

mount to

focus

on

the

double cross

lines in

the

field.

For

sharp

focusing

with objectives

4X

or

lower,

the

focusing

magnifier

FT

is recommended.

3) Bring the specimen

detail

to

be

photographed

within the

frame

corresponding to the

power

of

the

NFK eyepiece

in use

and

focus

on

the specimen

with

the

microscope fine

adjustment

knobs.

Make

sure the light

path

selector

knob on

the

observation

tube

is

either

on the white

(V)

or

yellowgreen

(CV)

band.

4) lt

is

recommended to

tighten the tension adjustment ring considerably to

prevent

the

stage

from dropping during

long

exposures.

Fig.22

15

VI.

OPTICAL

DATA

o

Resolving

power:

o

Focal

depth:

o

Field

number:

*

lmmersion

objectives

The

resolving

Power

and

Technical

terms:

o

Working

distance:

o

Numerical

aperture:

focal

depth

are

obtained

with

fully

opened

aperture

diaphragm'

The

distance

from

the

cover

glass

to

the

nearest

point

of

the objective. The

N.A.

represents

a

performance

number

which

can

be

com-

pared

to

the

relative

aperture

(f-number)

of

a camera

lens.

The

N.A.

values

can

be

used

for

directly

comparing

the

resolving

powers

of all

types

of

objectives.

The

larger

the

N.A.,

the

higher

resolving

power.

The

ability

of a

lens

to

register

smalldetails.

The

resolving

power

of a

lens

is

measured

by

its

ability

to

separate

two

points.

The

distance

between

the

upper

and

lower

limits

of sharpness

in

the

image

formed

by an

optical

system.

As

you

stop

down

the

aperture

iris

diaphragm,

the

focal

depth

becomes

larger.

The

larger

the

N.A.

of an

objective

the

shallower

the

focal

depth.

A

number

that

represents

the

diameter

in

mm

of the

image

of

the

field

diaphragm

that

is

formed

by

the

lens

in

front

of

it.

o

Field

of view

diameter:

The

actual

size

of the

f

ield

of

view

in

mm

on the

object

surface.

i.il

tii

lrl

1,,

Objective

Eyepiece

Type

D

Achromat

D

Plan

Ach.

Magnifi-

cation

4X

10x

40x

100x*

4X

10x

40x

100x*

N.A.

0.10

o.25

0.65

1.30

0.10

o.25

0.65

1.25

W.D.

(mm)

18.2

7.2

0.6

o.20

7.03

7.4

o.27

o.17

Focal length

(mm)

30.03

16.9

4.58

1.91

34.23

17.5

4.67

1.75

Resolving

power

(r)

3.36

1.34

o.52

o.26

3.36

1.34

o.52

o.27

WHKlOX

(Field

number 201

Total

mag.

40x

100x

400x

1000x

40x

100x

400x

1000x

Focal

depth

(p)

171.6

27.45

3.0

o.7

171.6

27.45

3.0

o.7

Field

of

view

(mm)

5

2

0.5

o.2

5

2

0.5

o.2

16

VII. TROUBLESHOOTING

lf

you

are

unable to obtain

table

below as

pointers

for

full

performance

from

your

microscope,

please

consult

with

the

troubleshooting.

Phenomenon

Cause

Remedy

1. Optical

System

a)

With illuminator

switched

on, the

field

of view

is

dark.

Field

iris

diaphragm

is

not

opened

sufficiently.

Open diaphragm

to

proper

diameter.

Condenser

is

lowered too

much.

Adjust condenser height.

Light

path

selector lever

is

pulled

out

to

C

position.

Push

in lever up

to CV

or V

position.

b)

Field

of

view

is

cut off or

i

I lum

inated

irregularly.

Light

path

selector

lever

is

stopped midway.

Ctick

it

into

proper position

according to

your purpose.

Nosepiece

is

not

clicked

into

place.

Slightly

rotate

nosepiece until

it clicks

into

place.

Nosepiece

is

not correctly

mounted.

Insert nosepiece dovetail

into

microscope frame

all

the way,

then lock.

The

power

of objective

used

exceeds

the illumination ca-

pacity

of

condenser.

Choose a

condenser

to meet

your purpose.

Condenser

is not centered.

Center condenser.

Field

iris

diaphragm

is

stopped

down excessively.

Open

diaphragm

to

proper

diameter.

c) Dust

or dirt

is

visible

in

the

f

ield

of view.

Dust,

etc.

on

light exit

lens. Remove

dust, etc.

Clean

front

lenses.

Dust on

condenser

top

lens.

Dirty

specimen.

Dust on eyepiece.

d) Excessive

image

contrast.

Condenser is lowered

too

much.

Adjust

condenser height.

Aperture

iris

diaphragm

is

stopped down excessively.

Open diaphragrn

to

proper

diameter.

17

e)

Resolution

Problems:

o

lmage

is

not

sharP.

o

Insufficient

contrast.

o

lmage

details

lack

defi-

nition.

Insert

nosePiece

dovetail

into

microscope

frame

all

the

waY,

then

lock.

Nosepiece

is

not

correctlY

mounted.

Click

nosePiece

into

Place.

Objective

is

not

correctlY

positioned in

the

light

Path.

R

otate

correction

col

lar,

keep-

ing

specimen

in

fine

focus

until

oPtimum

resolution

is

obtained.

Objective

correction

collar

is

not

adjusted.

Clean

front

lens.

Dust

on

objective

front

lens'

Use

immersion

oil.

lmmersion

objective

is

not

used

with

immersion

oil.

Remove

bubbles

(and

reap-

ply

oil).

Bubbles

in

immersion

oil'

Use

OlymPus

immersion

oil.

lmmersion

oil

designated

bY

Olympus

is

not

used.

Dirty

specimens.

Dust

on

condenser

lens.

lnsert

nosePiece

dovetail

into

microscope

frame

all

the

waY,

then

lock.

Nosepiece

is

not

correctlY

mounted.

f ) Field

of

view

is

PartiallY

out

of

focus,

or image

is

PartlY

out

of

focus.

Slightly

rotate

nosePiece

until

it

clicks

in

place.

Objective

is

not

correctlY

positioned

in

the

light

Path.

Place

specimen

slide

correctlY

on stage,

and

Place

stage

cliPs

open

it.

Specimen

is

not

correctlY

positioned on stage.

Insert

nosePiece

dovetail

into

microscope

frame

all

the

waY,

then

lock.

Nosepiece

is

not

correctlY

mounted.

g)

Specimen

image

is

Partial-

ly

out

of

focus.

SlightlY

rotate

nosePiece

until

it

clicks

into

Place.

Objective

is

not

correctlY

positioned

in

the

light

Path.

Center

condenser.

Condenser

is

not

centered.

h)

Field

of

view

becomes

only

slightlY

brighter

bY

increasing

voltage.

Adjust

condenser

height.

Condenser

is

lowered

too

much.

2.

Electric

System

Match

selector

switch

to

mains

voltage.

Line

voltage

selector

switch

is

not

matched

with

local

mains

voltage.

a)

llluminator

is

too

bright

(or

too

dark)

even

when

adjusting

control

lever.

b)

Voltage

for illuminator

cannot

be

raised.

Phenomenon

Cause Remedy

c) Lamp

goes

off

and

on.

Bulb

f

ilament is

likely

to

burn out.

Replace

bulb.

Loose electric

connections. Check

all connections.

d)

Bulb burns out frequently.

Line voltage

selector switch is

not matched

with local mains

voltage.

Match

selector

switch

to

mains voltage.

Bulb

is

not

standard one.

Use standard bulb.

3.

Coarse and

Fine

Adjustments

a)

Coarse adjustment knob

is

too tight.

Tension adjustment ring

is

tightened too much.

Loosen ring

properly.

User

is trying

to

raise

stage

above

the

focusing

limit

im-

posed

by

the

engaged

pre-

focusing

lever.

Unlock

lever.

b)

Stage drops

or

specimen

goes

out of focus

during

observation

due

to

slipping

fine

adjustment knobs.

Tension adjustment

ring

is

too loose.

Tighten ring

properly.

c)

Stage cannot be

raised

to

the upper limit.

Pre-focusing

lever

is

engaged

in lower than focusing

posi-

tion.

Unlock

lever.

d)

Stage

cannot be lowered

to the

lower

limit.

Stage is

mounted

too

low.

Raise

stage

mount

with

Allen

wrench.

e)

Objective

front

lens hits

specimen before coming

into

focus.

Specimen is

placed

on

stage

upside down.

Reverse

specimen.

4. Observation

Tubes

a) Incomplete binocular

vi-

sion.

I

nterpupillary

d

istance is

not

correctly

adjusted.

Correct the interpupillary distance.

Diopter adjustment

is incom-

plete.

Complete

the

diopter

adjust-

ment.

Right

and left eyepieces

are

not matched.

Use a

pair

of matched eye-

pieces.

User

is

unaccustomed

to

bi-

nocular

vision.

Prior

to

looking

into the bi-

nocular observation

tube,

look

at

a

far

away object.

5.

Stage

a)

lmage easily

goes

out of

focus

when

you

touch

the

stage.

Stage

is

not

correctly

locked.

Clamp stage securely.

b)

Specimen stops

midway

on

the

east-west

traverse.

Specimen

is

not correctly

po-

sitioned.

Adjust specimen

position.

Olympus BHT User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual