The TDA8932B is a high efficiency class-D amplifier with low power dissipation.
The continuous time output power is 2 × 15 W in stereo half-bridge application (RL=4Ω)
or 1 × 30 W in mono full-bridge application (RL=8Ω). Due to the low power dissipation
the device can be used without any external heat sink when playing music. Due to the
implementation of thermal foldback, even for high supply voltages and/or lower load
impedances, the device remains operating with considerable music output power without
the need for an external heat sink.
The device has two full-differential inputs driving two independent outputs. It can be used
as mono full-bridge configuration (BTL) or as stereo half-bridge configuration (SE).
2.Features
n Operating voltage from 10 V to 36 V asymmetrical or ±5 V to ±18 V symmetrical
n Mono-bridged tied load (full-bridge) or stereo single-ended (half-bridge) application
n Application without heatsink using thermally enhanced small outline package
n High efficiency and low-power dissipation
n Thermally protected and thermal foldback
n Current limiting to avoid audio holes
n Full short-circuit proof across load and to supply lines (using advanced current
n Switchable internal or external oscillator (master-slave setting)
n No pop noise
n Full-differential inputs
3.Applications
n Flat panel television sets
n Flat panel monitor sets
n Multimedia systems
n Wireless speakers
n Mini and micro systems
n Home sound sets
protection)
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4.Quick reference data
Table 1.Quick reference data
VP= 22 V; f
Symbol ParameterConditionsMinTypMaxUnit
Supplies
V
P
I
P
I
q(tot)
Stereo SE channel; R
P
o(RMS)
Mono BTL; R
P
o(RMS)
osc
supply voltageasymmetrical supply102236V
supply currentSleep mode-0.61.0mA
total quiescent
current
RMS output powercontinuous time output power
RMS output powercontinuous time output power;
= 320 kHz; T
< 0.1 Ω
s
[1]
< 0.1 Ω
s
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
=25°C; unless otherwise specified.
amb
Operating mode; no load, no
snubbers and no filter
connected
[1]
per channel;
THD+N = 10 %; f
=4Ω; VP= 22 V13.815.3-W
R
L
=8Ω; VP= 30 V14.015.5-W
R
L
= 1 kHz
i
short time output power per
channel; THD+N = 10 %;
f
= 1 kHz
i
RL=4Ω; VP= 29 V23.826.5-W
THD+N = 10 %; f
=4Ω; VP= 12 V15.517.2-W
R
L
=8Ω; VP= 22 V28.932.1-W
R
L
= 1 kHz
i
short time output power;
THD+N = 10 %; f
= 1 kHz
i
RL=8Ω; VP= 29 V49.555.0-W
- 4050mA
[2]
[2]
[1] Output power is measured indirectly; based on R
[2] Two layer application board (55 mm × 45 mm), 35 µm copper, FR4 base material in free air with natural
convection.
measurement.
DSon
5.Ordering information
Table 2.Ordering information
Type number Package
NameDescriptionVersion
TDA8932BTSO32plastic small outline package; 32 leads;
body width 7.5 mm
TDA8932BTW HTSSOP32 plastic thermal enhanced thin shrink small outline
IN1P2positive audio input for channel 1
IN1N3negative audio input for channel 1
DIAG4diagnostic output; open-drain
ENGAGE5engage input to switch between Mute mode and Operating mode
POWERUP6power-up input to switch between Sleep mode and Mute mode
CGND7control ground; reference for POWERUP, ENGAGE and DIAG
V
DDA
V
SSA
OSCREF10input internal oscillator setting (only master setting)
HVPREF11decoupling of internal half supply voltage reference
INREF12decoupling for input reference voltage
TEST13test signal input; for testing purpose only
IN2N14negative audio input for channel 2
IN2P15positive audio input for channel 2
V
SSD(HW)
V
SSD(HW)
DREF18decoupling of internal (reference) 5 V regulator for logic supply
1negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
8positive analog supply voltage
9negative analog supply voltage
16negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
17negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
HVP219half supply output voltage 2 for charging single-ended capacitor for
V
DDP2
BOOT221bootstrap high-side driver channel 2
OUT222PWM output channel 2
V
SSP2
STAB224decoupling of internal 11 V regulator for channel 2 drivers
STAB125decoupling of internal 11 V regulator for channel 1 drivers
V
SSP1
OUT127PWM output channel 1
BOOT128bootstrap high-side driver channel 1
V
DDP1
HVP130half supply output voltage 1 for charging single-ended capacitor for
OSCIO31oscillator input in slave configuration or oscillator output in master
V
SSD(HW)
Exposed die
pad
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
channel 2
20positive power supply voltage for channel 2
23negative power supply voltage for channel 2
26negative power supply voltage for channel 1
29positive power supply voltage for channel 1
channel 1
configuration
32negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
-HTSSOP32 package only
[1]
[1] The exposed die pad has to be connected to V
8.Functional description
8.1General
The TDA8932B is a mono full-bridge or stereo half-bridge audio power amplifier using
class-D technology. The audio input signal is converted into a Pulse Width Modulated
(PWM) signal via an analog input stage and PWM modulator. To enable the output power
Diffusion Metal Oxide Semiconductor (DMOS) transistors to be driven, this digital PWM
signal is applied to a control and handshake block and driver circuits forboth the high side
and low side. A 2nd-order low-pass filter converts the PWM signal to an analog audio
signal across the loudspeakers.
The TDA8932B contains two independent half-bridges with full differential input stages.
The loudspeakers can be connected in the following configurations:
• Mono full-bridge: Bridge Tied Load (BTL)
• Stereo half-bridge: Single-Ended (SE)
The TDA8932B contains common circuits to both channels such as the oscillator, all
reference sources, the mode functionality and a digital timing manager. The following
protections are built-in: thermal foldback, temperature, current and voltage protections.
The TDA8932B can be switched in three operating modes using pins POWERUP and
ENGAGE:
• Sleep mode: with low supply current.
• Mutemode: the amplifiers are switching idle (50 % duty cycle), but the audio signal at
• Operating mode: the amplifiers are fully operational with output signal.
• Fault mode.
Both pins POWERUP and ENGAGE refer to pin CGND.
Table 4 shows the different modes as a function of the voltages on the POWERUP and
ENGAGE pins.
Table 4.Mode selection
ModePin
Sleep< 0.8 V< 0.8 Vdon’t care
Mute2 V to 6.0 V
Operating2 V to 6.0 V
Fault2 V to 6.0 V
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
the output is suppressed bydisabling the Vl-converter input stages. The capacitors on
pins HVP1 and HVP2 have been charged to half the supply voltage (asymmetrical
supply only).
POWERUPENGAGEDIAG
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
< 0.8 V
2.4 V to 6.0 V
don’t care< 0.8 V
[1]
> 2 V
>2V
[1] In case of symmetrical supply conditions the voltage applied to pins POWERUP and ENGAGE must never
exceed the supply voltage (V
DDA
, V
DDP1
or V
DDP2
).
If the transition between Mute mode and Operatingmode is controlled via a time constant,
the start-up will be pop free since the DC output offset voltage is applied gradually to the
output between Mute mode and Operating mode. The bias current setting of the
VI-converters is related to the voltage on pin ENGAGE:
• Mute mode: the bias current setting of the VI-converters is zero (VI-converters
disabled)
• Operating mode: the bias current is at maximum
The time constant required to apply the DC output offset voltage gradually between Mute
mode and Operating mode can be generated by applying a decoupling capacitor on pin
ENGAGE. The value of the capacitor on pin ENGAGE should be 470 nF.
The output signal of the amplifier is a PWM signal with a carrier frequency of
approximately 320 kHz. Using a 2nd-order low-pass filter in the application results in an
analog audio signal across the loudspeaker. The PWM switching frequency can be set by
an external resistor Rosc connected between pins OSCREF and V
frequency can be set between 300 kHz and 500 kHz. Using an external resistor of 39 kΩ,
the carrier frequency is set to an optimized value of 320 kHz (see Figure 5).
If two or more TDA8932B devices are used in the same audio application, it is
recommended to synchronize the switching frequency of all devices. This can be realized
by connecting all pins OSCIO together and configure one of the TDA8932B in the
application as clock master, while the other TDA8932B devices are configured in slave
mode.
AUDIOAUDIOAUDIO
PWMPWM
operatingoperating
001aaf885
SSD(HW)
sleepmuteoperatingfault
. The carrier
Pin OSCIO is a 3-state input or output buffer.Pin OSCIO is configured in master mode as
oscillator output and in slave modeas oscillator input. Master mode is enabled byapplying
a resistor while slave mode is entered by connecting pin OSCREF directly to pin V
SSD(HW)
(without any resistor).
The value of the resistor also sets the frequency of the carrier which can be estimated by
If the junction temperature of the TDA8932B exceeds the threshold level (Tj> 140 °C) the
gain of the amplifier is decreased graduallyto a level where the combination of dissipation
(P) and the thermal resistance from junction to ambient [R
temperature around the threshold level.
This means that the device will not completely switch off, but remains operational at lower
output power levels. Especially with music output signals this feature enables high peak
output power while still operating without any external heat sink other than the
printed-circuit board area.
If the junction temperature still increases due to external causes, the OTP shuts down the
amplifier completely.
8.4.2OverTemperature Protection (OTP)
If the junction temperature Tj> 155 °C, then the power stage will shut down immediately.
8.4.3OverCurrent Protection (OCP)
When the loudspeaker terminals are short-circuited or if one of the demodulated outputs
of the amplifier is short-circuited to one of the supply lines, this will be detected by the
OCP.
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
] results in a junction
th(j-a)
If the output current exceeds the maximum output current (I
be limitedby the amplifier to 4 A while the amplifier outputs remain switching (the amplifier
is NOT shutdown completely). This is called current limiting.
The amplifier can distinguish between an impedance drop of the loudspeaker and a
low-ohmic short-circuit across the load or to one of the supply lines. This impedance
threshold depends on the supply voltage used:
• Incase of a short-circuit across the load, the audio amplifier is switchedoff completely
and after approximately 100 ms it will try to restart again. If the short-circuit condition
is still present after this time, this cycle will be repeated. The average dissipation will
be low because of this low duty cycle.
• In case of a short to one of the supply lines, this will trigger the OCP and the amplifier
will be shut down. During restart the window protection will be activated. As a result
the amplifier will not start until 100 ms after the short to the supply lines is removed.
• In case of impedance drop (e.g. due to dynamic behavior of the loudspeaker) the
same protection will be activated. The maximum output current is again limited to 4 A,
but the amplifier will NOT switch off completely (thus preventing audio holes from
occurring). The result will be a clipping output signal without any artifacts.
8.4.4Window Protection (WP)
The WP checks the PWM output voltage before switchingfrom Sleep mode to Mute mode
(outputs switching) and is activated:
> 4 A), this current will
O(ocp)
• During the start-up sequence, when pin POWERUP is switched from Sleep mode to
Mute mode. In the event of a short-circuit at one of the output terminals to V
V
, V
SSP1
for open-circuit outputs. Because the check is done before enablingthe power stages,
no large currents will flow in the event of a short-circuit.
the start-up procedure is interrupted and the TDA8932B waits
SSP2
DDP1
,
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• When the amplifier is completely shut down due to activation of the OCP because a
8.4.5Supply voltage protection
If the supply voltage drops below 10 V, the UnderVoltage Protection (UVP) circuit is
activated and the system will shut down directly. This switch-off will be silent and without
pop noise. When the supply voltage rises above the threshold level, the system is
restarted again after 100 ms.
If the supply voltage exceeds 36 V the OverVoltage Protection (OVP) circuit is activated
and the power stages will shut down. It is re-enabled as soon as the supply voltage drops
below the threshold level. The system is restarted again after 100 ms.
It should be noted that supply voltages > 40 V may damage the TDA8932B. Two
conditions should be distinguished:
1. If the supply voltage is pumped to higher values by the TDA8932B application itself
2. If a supply voltage > 40 V is caused by other or external causes, then the TDA8932B
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
short-circuit to one of the supply lines is made, then during restart (after 100 ms) the
window protection will be activated. As a result the amplifier will not start until the
short-circuit to the supply lines is removed.
(see also Section 14.3), the OVP is triggered and the TDA8932B is shut down. The
supply voltage will decrease and the TDA8932B is protected against any overstress.
will shut down, but the device can still be damaged since the supply voltage will
remain > 40 V in this case. The OVP protection is not a supply voltage clamp.
An additional UnBalance Protection (UBP) circuit compares the positive analog supply
voltage (V
) and the negative analog supply voltage (V
DDA
) and is triggered if the
SSA
voltage difference between them exceeds a certain level. This level depends on the sum
of both supply voltages. The unbalance threshold levels can be defined as follows:
• LOW-level threshold: V
• HIGH-level threshold: V
P(th)(ubp)l
P(th)(ubp)h
<8⁄5× V
>8⁄3× V
HVPREF
HVPREF
In a symmetrical supply the UBP is released when the unbalance of the supply voltage is
within 6 % of its starting value.
Table 6 shows an overview of all protection and the effect on the output signal.
Whenevera protection is triggered, except for TF, pin DIAG is activated to LOWlevel (see
Table 6). An internal reference supply will pull-up the open-drain DIAG output to
approximately 2.4 V. This internal reference supply can deliver approximately 50 µA.
Pin DIAG refers to pin CGND. The diagnostic output signal during different short
conditions is illustrated in Figure 6. Using pin DIAG as input, a voltage < 0.8 V will put the
device into Fault mode.
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
V
2.4 V
0 V
o
amplifier
restartno restart
≈ 50 ms
≈ 50 ms
shorted load
2.4 V
0 V
V
o
short to
supply line
001aad759
Fig 6. Diagnostic output for different short-circuit conditions
8.6Differential inputs
For a high common-mode rejection ratio and a maximum of flexibility in the application,
the audio inputs are fully differential. By connecting the inputs anti-parallel, the phase of
one of the two channels can be inverted, so that the amplifier can operate as a mono BTL
amplifier. The input configuration for a mono BTL application is illustrated in Figure 7.
In SE configuration it is also recommended to connect the two differential inputs in
anti-phase. This has advantages forthe current handling of the power supply at low signal
frequencies and minimizes supply pumping (see also Section 14.8).
IN1P
IN1N
OUT1
audio
input
IN2P
IN2N
OUT2
001aad760
Fig 7. Input configuration for mono BTL application
8.7Output voltage buffers
When pin POWERUP is set HIGH, the half supply output voltage buffers are switched on
in asymmetrical supply configuration. The start-up will be pop free since the device starts
switching when the capacitor on pin HVPREF and the SE capacitors are completely
charged.