NXP Semiconductors TDA8932B User Manual

TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
Rev. 03 — 21 June 2007 Product data sheet

1. General description

The TDA8932B is a high efficiency class-D amplifier with low power dissipation. The continuous time output power is 2 × 15 W in stereo half-bridge application (RL=4Ω)
or 1 × 30 W in mono full-bridge application (RL=8Ω). Due to the low power dissipation the device can be used without any external heat sink when playing music. Due to the implementation of thermal foldback, even for high supply voltages and/or lower load impedances, the device remains operating with considerable music output power without the need for an external heat sink.
The device has two full-differential inputs driving two independent outputs. It can be used as mono full-bridge configuration (BTL) or as stereo half-bridge configuration (SE).

2. Features

n Operating voltage from 10 V to 36 V asymmetrical or ±5 V to ±18 V symmetrical n Mono-bridged tied load (full-bridge) or stereo single-ended (half-bridge) application n Application without heatsink using thermally enhanced small outline package n High efficiency and low-power dissipation n Thermally protected and thermal foldback n Current limiting to avoid audio holes n Full short-circuit proof across load and to supply lines (using advanced current
n Switchable internal or external oscillator (master-slave setting) n No pop noise n Full-differential inputs

3. Applications

n Flat panel television sets n Flat panel monitor sets n Multimedia systems n Wireless speakers n Mini and micro systems n Home sound sets
protection)
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4. Quick reference data

Table 1. Quick reference data
VP= 22 V; f
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Supplies
V
P
I
P
I
q(tot)
Stereo SE channel; R
P
o(RMS)
Mono BTL; R
P
o(RMS)
osc
supply voltage asymmetrical supply 10 22 36 V supply current Sleep mode - 0.6 1.0 mA total quiescent
current
RMS output power continuous time output power
RMS output power continuous time output power;
= 320 kHz; T
< 0.1
s
[1]
< 0.1
s
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
=25°C; unless otherwise specified.
amb
Operating mode; no load, no snubbers and no filter connected
[1]
per channel; THD+N = 10 %; f
=4Ω; VP= 22 V 13.8 15.3 - W
R
L
=8Ω; VP= 30 V 14.0 15.5 - W
R
L
= 1 kHz
i
short time output power per channel; THD+N = 10 %; f
= 1 kHz
i
RL=4Ω; VP= 29 V 23.8 26.5 - W
THD+N = 10 %; f
=4Ω; VP= 12 V 15.5 17.2 - W
R
L
=8Ω; VP= 22 V 28.9 32.1 - W
R
L
= 1 kHz
i
short time output power; THD+N = 10 %; f
= 1 kHz
i
RL=8Ω; VP= 29 V 49.5 55.0 - W
- 4050mA
[2]
[2]
[1] Output power is measured indirectly; based on R [2] Two layer application board (55 mm × 45 mm), 35 µm copper, FR4 base material in free air with natural
convection.
measurement.
DSon

5. Ordering information

Table 2. Ordering information
Type number Package
Name Description Version
TDA8932BT SO32 plastic small outline package; 32 leads;
body width 7.5 mm
TDA8932BTW HTSSOP32 plastic thermal enhanced thin shrink small outline
package; 32 leads; body width 6.1 mm; lead pitch
0.65 mm; exposed die pad
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 2 of 48
SOT287-1
SOT549-1
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6. Block diagram

TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
IN1P
IN1N
INREF
IN2P
IN2N
DIAG
CGND
OSCREF OSCIO V
10 31 8
2
3
12
15
14
4
7
OSCILLATOR
V
SSD
PROTECTIONS:
OVP, OCP, OTP,
UVP, TF, WP
PWM
MODULATOR
MANAGER
PWM
MODULATOR
DDA
CTRL
CTRL
DRIVER
HIGH
DRIVER
LOW
DRIVER
HIGH
DRIVER
LOW
V
DDA
STABILIZER 11 V
V
SSP1
V
DDA
STABILIZER 11 V
V
SSP2
28
BOOT1
29
V
DDP1
27
OUT1
26
V
SSP1
21
BOOT2
20
V
DDP2
22
OUT2
23
V
SSP2
25
STAB1
24
STAB2
POWERUP
ENGAGE
TEST
6
5
13
Fig 1. Block diagram
MODE
V
SSA
9
TDA8932B
V
SSD(HW)
1, 16, 17, 32
REGULATOR 5 V
V
SSD
V
DDA
V
SSA
HALF SUPPLY VOLTAGE
18
11
30
19
001aaf597
DREF
HVPREF
HVP1
HVP2
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 3 of 48
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7. Pinning information

7.1 Pinning

TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
V
SSD(HW)
ENGAGE BOOT1
POWERUP OUT1
OSCREF
HVPREF OUT2
V
SSD(HW)
1 2
IN1P OSCIO
3
IN1N HVP1
4
DIAG V
5 6 7
CGND V
8
V
DDA
V
SSA
INREF BOOT2
TEST V
IN2N HVP2 IN2P DREF
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TDA8932BT
001aaf598
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
V
SSD(HW)
DDP1
SSP1
STAB1 STAB2 V
SSP2
DDP2
V
SSD(HW)
V
SSD(HW)
ENGAGE BOOT1
POWERUP OUT1
OSCREF V
HVPREF OUT2
V
SSD(HW)
1 2
IN1P OSCIO
3
IN1N HVP1
4
DIAG V
5 6 7
CGND V
8
V
DDA
9
V
SSA
10 11 12
INREF BOOT2
13
TEST V
14
IN2N HVP2
15
IN2P DREF
16
TDA8932BTW
Fig 2. Pin configuration SO32 Fig 3. Pin configuration HTSSOP32

7.2 Pin description

Table 3. Pin description
Symbol Pin Description
V
SSD(HW)
IN1P 2 positive audio input for channel 1 IN1N 3 negative audio input for channel 1 DIAG 4 diagnostic output; open-drain ENGAGE 5 engage input to switch between Mute mode and Operating mode POWERUP 6 power-up input to switch between Sleep mode and Mute mode CGND 7 control ground; reference for POWERUP, ENGAGE and DIAG V
DDA
V
SSA
OSCREF 10 input internal oscillator setting (only master setting) HVPREF 11 decoupling of internal half supply voltage reference INREF 12 decoupling for input reference voltage TEST 13 test signal input; for testing purpose only IN2N 14 negative audio input for channel 2 IN2P 15 positive audio input for channel 2 V
SSD(HW)
V
SSD(HW)
DREF 18 decoupling of internal (reference) 5 V regulator for logic supply
1 negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
8 positive analog supply voltage 9 negative analog supply voltage
16 negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection 17 negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
001aaf599
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
V
SSD(HW)
DDP1
SSP1
STAB1 STAB2
SSP2
DDP2
V
SSD(HW)
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 4 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
Table 3. Pin description (Continued)
Symbol Pin Description
HVP2 19 half supply output voltage 2 for charging single-ended capacitor for
V
DDP2
BOOT2 21 bootstrap high-side driver channel 2 OUT2 22 PWM output channel 2 V
SSP2
STAB2 24 decoupling of internal 11 V regulator for channel 2 drivers STAB1 25 decoupling of internal 11 V regulator for channel 1 drivers V
SSP1
OUT1 27 PWM output channel 1 BOOT1 28 bootstrap high-side driver channel 1 V
DDP1
HVP1 30 half supply output voltage 1 for charging single-ended capacitor for
OSCIO 31 oscillator input in slave configuration or oscillator output in master
V
SSD(HW)
Exposed die pad
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
channel 2
20 positive power supply voltage for channel 2
23 negative power supply voltage for channel 2
26 negative power supply voltage for channel 1
29 positive power supply voltage for channel 1
channel 1
configuration
32 negative digital supply voltage and handle wafer connection
- HTSSOP32 package only
[1]
[1] The exposed die pad has to be connected to V

8. Functional description

8.1 General

The TDA8932B is a mono full-bridge or stereo half-bridge audio power amplifier using class-D technology. The audio input signal is converted into a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal via an analog input stage and PWM modulator. To enable the output power Diffusion Metal Oxide Semiconductor (DMOS) transistors to be driven, this digital PWM signal is applied to a control and handshake block and driver circuits forboth the high side and low side. A 2nd-order low-pass filter converts the PWM signal to an analog audio signal across the loudspeakers.
The TDA8932B contains two independent half-bridges with full differential input stages. The loudspeakers can be connected in the following configurations:
Mono full-bridge: Bridge Tied Load (BTL)
Stereo half-bridge: Single-Ended (SE)
The TDA8932B contains common circuits to both channels such as the oscillator, all reference sources, the mode functionality and a digital timing manager. The following protections are built-in: thermal foldback, temperature, current and voltage protections.
SSD(HW)
.
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 5 of 48
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8.2 Mode selection and interfacing

The TDA8932B can be switched in three operating modes using pins POWERUP and ENGAGE:
Sleep mode: with low supply current.
Mutemode: the amplifiers are switching idle (50 % duty cycle), but the audio signal at
Operating mode: the amplifiers are fully operational with output signal.
Fault mode.
Both pins POWERUP and ENGAGE refer to pin CGND.
Table 4 shows the different modes as a function of the voltages on the POWERUP and
ENGAGE pins.
Table 4. Mode selection
Mode Pin
Sleep < 0.8 V < 0.8 V don’t care Mute 2 V to 6.0 V Operating 2 V to 6.0 V Fault 2 V to 6.0 V
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
the output is suppressed bydisabling the Vl-converter input stages. The capacitors on pins HVP1 and HVP2 have been charged to half the supply voltage (asymmetrical supply only).
POWERUP ENGAGE DIAG
[1] [1] [1]
[1]
< 0.8 V
2.4 V to 6.0 V don’t care < 0.8 V
[1]
> 2 V >2V
[1] In case of symmetrical supply conditions the voltage applied to pins POWERUP and ENGAGE must never
exceed the supply voltage (V
DDA
, V
DDP1
or V
DDP2
).
If the transition between Mute mode and Operatingmode is controlled via a time constant, the start-up will be pop free since the DC output offset voltage is applied gradually to the output between Mute mode and Operating mode. The bias current setting of the VI-converters is related to the voltage on pin ENGAGE:
Mute mode: the bias current setting of the VI-converters is zero (VI-converters
disabled)
Operating mode: the bias current is at maximum
The time constant required to apply the DC output offset voltage gradually between Mute mode and Operating mode can be generated by applying a decoupling capacitor on pin ENGAGE. The value of the capacitor on pin ENGAGE should be 470 nF.
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 6 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
V
P
POWERUP
DREF
HVPREF
HVP1, HVP2
2.0 V (typical)
ENGAGE
1.2 V (typical)
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
0.8 V
audio
OUT1, OUT2
PWM
DIAG
OSCIO
Fig 4. Start-up sequence

8.3 Pulse width modulation frequency

The output signal of the amplifier is a PWM signal with a carrier frequency of approximately 320 kHz. Using a 2nd-order low-pass filter in the application results in an analog audio signal across the loudspeaker. The PWM switching frequency can be set by an external resistor Rosc connected between pins OSCREF and V frequency can be set between 300 kHz and 500 kHz. Using an external resistor of 39 k, the carrier frequency is set to an optimized value of 320 kHz (see Figure 5).
If two or more TDA8932B devices are used in the same audio application, it is recommended to synchronize the switching frequency of all devices. This can be realized by connecting all pins OSCIO together and configure one of the TDA8932B in the application as clock master, while the other TDA8932B devices are configured in slave mode.
AUDIO AUDIO AUDIO
PWMPWM
operating operating
001aaf885
SSD(HW)
sleepmute operating fault
. The carrier
Pin OSCIO is a 3-state input or output buffer.Pin OSCIO is configured in master mode as oscillator output and in slave modeas oscillator input. Master mode is enabled byapplying a resistor while slave mode is entered by connecting pin OSCREF directly to pin V
SSD(HW)
(without any resistor). The value of the resistor also sets the frequency of the carrier which can be estimated by
the following formula:
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 7 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
osc
12.45 109×
=
--------------------------- -
Rosc
f
Where:
f
= oscillator frequency (Hz)
osc
Rosc = oscillator resistor (on pin OSCREF) ()
550
f
osc
(kHz)
450
350
250
25 454030 35
Fig 5. Oscillation frequency as a function of resistor Rosc
(1)
001aad758
Rosc (k)
Table 5 summarizes how to configure the TDA8932B in master or slave configuration.
For device synchronization see Section 14.6 “Device synchronization”.
Table 5. Master or slave configuration
Configuration Pin
OSCREF OSCIO
Master Rosc > 25 k to V Slave Rosc = 0 ; shorted to V
SSD(HW)
SSD(HW)
output input

8.4 Protection

The following protection is included in the TDA8932B:
Thermal Foldback (TF)
OverTemperature Protection (OTP)
OverCurrent Protection (OCP)
Window Protection (WP)
Supply voltage protection:
UnderVoltage Protection (UVP)OverVoltage Protection (OVP)UnBalance Protection (UBP)
ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD)
The reaction of the device to the different fault conditions differs per protection.
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 8 of 48
NXP Semiconductors

8.4.1 Thermal Foldback (TF)

If the junction temperature of the TDA8932B exceeds the threshold level (Tj> 140 °C) the gain of the amplifier is decreased graduallyto a level where the combination of dissipation (P) and the thermal resistance from junction to ambient [R temperature around the threshold level.
This means that the device will not completely switch off, but remains operational at lower output power levels. Especially with music output signals this feature enables high peak output power while still operating without any external heat sink other than the printed-circuit board area.
If the junction temperature still increases due to external causes, the OTP shuts down the amplifier completely.

8.4.2 OverTemperature Protection (OTP)

If the junction temperature Tj> 155 °C, then the power stage will shut down immediately.

8.4.3 OverCurrent Protection (OCP)

When the loudspeaker terminals are short-circuited or if one of the demodulated outputs of the amplifier is short-circuited to one of the supply lines, this will be detected by the OCP.
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
] results in a junction
th(j-a)
If the output current exceeds the maximum output current (I be limitedby the amplifier to 4 A while the amplifier outputs remain switching (the amplifier is NOT shutdown completely). This is called current limiting.
The amplifier can distinguish between an impedance drop of the loudspeaker and a low-ohmic short-circuit across the load or to one of the supply lines. This impedance threshold depends on the supply voltage used:
Incase of a short-circuit across the load, the audio amplifier is switchedoff completely
and after approximately 100 ms it will try to restart again. If the short-circuit condition is still present after this time, this cycle will be repeated. The average dissipation will be low because of this low duty cycle.
In case of a short to one of the supply lines, this will trigger the OCP and the amplifier
will be shut down. During restart the window protection will be activated. As a result the amplifier will not start until 100 ms after the short to the supply lines is removed.
In case of impedance drop (e.g. due to dynamic behavior of the loudspeaker) the
same protection will be activated. The maximum output current is again limited to 4 A, but the amplifier will NOT switch off completely (thus preventing audio holes from occurring). The result will be a clipping output signal without any artifacts.

8.4.4 Window Protection (WP)

The WP checks the PWM output voltage before switchingfrom Sleep mode to Mute mode (outputs switching) and is activated:
> 4 A), this current will
O(ocp)
During the start-up sequence, when pin POWERUP is switched from Sleep mode to
Mute mode. In the event of a short-circuit at one of the output terminals to V V
, V
SSP1
for open-circuit outputs. Because the check is done before enablingthe power stages, no large currents will flow in the event of a short-circuit.
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 9 of 48
DDP2
or V
the start-up procedure is interrupted and the TDA8932B waits
SSP2
DDP1
,
NXP Semiconductors
When the amplifier is completely shut down due to activation of the OCP because a

8.4.5 Supply voltage protection

If the supply voltage drops below 10 V, the UnderVoltage Protection (UVP) circuit is activated and the system will shut down directly. This switch-off will be silent and without pop noise. When the supply voltage rises above the threshold level, the system is restarted again after 100 ms.
If the supply voltage exceeds 36 V the OverVoltage Protection (OVP) circuit is activated and the power stages will shut down. It is re-enabled as soon as the supply voltage drops below the threshold level. The system is restarted again after 100 ms.
It should be noted that supply voltages > 40 V may damage the TDA8932B. Two conditions should be distinguished:
1. If the supply voltage is pumped to higher values by the TDA8932B application itself
2. If a supply voltage > 40 V is caused by other or external causes, then the TDA8932B
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
short-circuit to one of the supply lines is made, then during restart (after 100 ms) the window protection will be activated. As a result the amplifier will not start until the short-circuit to the supply lines is removed.
(see also Section 14.3), the OVP is triggered and the TDA8932B is shut down. The supply voltage will decrease and the TDA8932B is protected against any overstress.
will shut down, but the device can still be damaged since the supply voltage will remain > 40 V in this case. The OVP protection is not a supply voltage clamp.
An additional UnBalance Protection (UBP) circuit compares the positive analog supply voltage (V
) and the negative analog supply voltage (V
DDA
) and is triggered if the
SSA
voltage difference between them exceeds a certain level. This level depends on the sum of both supply voltages. The unbalance threshold levels can be defined as follows:
LOW-level threshold: V
HIGH-level threshold: V
P(th)(ubp)l
P(th)(ubp)h
<8⁄5× V
>8⁄3× V
HVPREF
HVPREF
In a symmetrical supply the UBP is released when the unbalance of the supply voltage is within 6 % of its starting value.
Table 6 shows an overview of all protection and the effect on the output signal.
Table 6. Protection overview
Protection Restart
When fault is removed Every 100 ms
OTP no yes OCP yes no WP yes no UVP no yes OVP no yes UBP no yes
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 10 of 48
NXP Semiconductors

8.5 Diagnostic input and output

Whenevera protection is triggered, except for TF, pin DIAG is activated to LOWlevel (see
Table 6). An internal reference supply will pull-up the open-drain DIAG output to
approximately 2.4 V. This internal reference supply can deliver approximately 50 µA. Pin DIAG refers to pin CGND. The diagnostic output signal during different short conditions is illustrated in Figure 6. Using pin DIAG as input, a voltage < 0.8 V will put the device into Fault mode.
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
V
2.4 V
0 V
o
amplifier restart no restart
50 ms
50 ms
shorted load
2.4 V
0 V
V
o
short to
supply line
001aad759
Fig 6. Diagnostic output for different short-circuit conditions

8.6 Differential inputs

For a high common-mode rejection ratio and a maximum of flexibility in the application, the audio inputs are fully differential. By connecting the inputs anti-parallel, the phase of one of the two channels can be inverted, so that the amplifier can operate as a mono BTL amplifier. The input configuration for a mono BTL application is illustrated in Figure 7.
In SE configuration it is also recommended to connect the two differential inputs in anti-phase. This has advantages forthe current handling of the power supply at low signal frequencies and minimizes supply pumping (see also Section 14.8).
IN1P IN1N
OUT1
audio
input
IN2P IN2N
OUT2
001aad760
Fig 7. Input configuration for mono BTL application

8.7 Output voltage buffers

When pin POWERUP is set HIGH, the half supply output voltage buffers are switched on in asymmetrical supply configuration. The start-up will be pop free since the device starts switching when the capacitor on pin HVPREF and the SE capacitors are completely charged.
Output voltage buffers:
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 11 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PinsHVP1 and HVP2: The time requiredfor charging the SE capacitor depends on its
value. The half supply voltage output is disabled when the TDA8932B is used in a symmetrical supply application.
Pin HVPREF: This output voltage reference buffer charges the capacitor on pin
HVPREF.
PinINREF: This output voltage reference buffercharges the input referencecapacitor
on pin INREF. Pin INREF applies the bias voltage for the inputs.

9. Internal circuitry

Table 7. Internal circuitry
Pin Symbol Equivalent circuit
1V 16 V 17 V 32 V
SSD(HW) SSD(HW) SSD(HW) SSD(HW)
1, 16,
17, 32
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
V
DDA
V
SSA
001aad784
2 IN1P 3 IN1N 12 INREF 14 IN2N 15 IN2P
4 DIAG
2, 15
12
3, 14
V
DDA
2 k
± 20 %
48 k ± 20 %
48 k ± 20 %
2 k
± 20 %
V
SSA
V
DDA
4
2.5 V
50 µA
500
± 20 %
100 k ± 20 %
V/I
HVPREF
V/I
001aad785
V
SSA
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
CGND
001aaf607
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 12 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
Table 7. Internal circuitry (Continued)
Pin Symbol Equivalent circuit
5 ENGAGE
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
2 k
± 20 %
2.8 V
I
ref
= 50 µA
V
DDA
5
100 k ± 20 %
6 POWERUP
7 CGND
SSA
CGND
V
DDA
V
SSA
CGND
V
DDA
7
V
SSA
001aad789
001aaf608
001aad788
V
6
8V
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
DDA
8
V
SSA
V
SSD
001aad790
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 13 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
Table 7. Internal circuitry (Continued)
Pin Symbol Equivalent circuit
9V
SSA
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
V
DDA
9
V
SSD
001aad791
10 OSCREF
11 HVPREF
13 TEST
V
DDA
I
ref
10
V
SSA
V
11
V
13
DDA
SSA
V
V
001aad795
001aad792
001aaf604
DDA
SSA
18 DREF
V
DD
18
V
SSD
001aag025
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 14 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
Table 7. Internal circuitry (Continued)
Pin Symbol Equivalent circuit
19 HVP2 30 HVP1
19, 30
V
V
DDA
SSA
TDA8932B
Class-D audio amplifier
001aag026
20 V 23 V 26 V 29 V
DDP2 SSP2 SSP1 DDP1
21 BOOT2 28 BOOT1
22 OUT2 27 OUT1
24 STAB2 25 STAB1
22, 27
20, 29
23, 26
21, 28
V
V
V
V
001aad798
OUT1, OUT2
001aad799
DDP1,
DDP2
SSP1,
SSP2
001aag027
V
DDA
24, 25
V
SSP1,
V
SSP2
001aag028
31 OSCIO
DREF
31
V
SSD
001aag029
TDA8932B_3 © NXP B.V. 21 June 2007. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet Rev. 03— 21 June 2007 15 of 48
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