Nokia 6015 Service Manual 10RH55sys

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Nokia Customer Care

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55),

6012 (RM-20) Series Transceivers

System Module

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Contents Page

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Operational Modes ...................................................................................................................................... 4

Engine Module .............................................................................................................................................6

Environmental Specifications................................................................................................................ 6

Temperature Conditions.......................................................................................................................... 6

Baseband Module ........................................................................................................................................6

UEM .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

BB-RF Interface Connections .................................................................................................................10

UPP............................................................................................................................................................. 16

Memory..................................................................................................................................................... 16

User Interface Hardware .........................................................................................................................17

LCD............................................................................................................................................................. 17

Keyboard................................................................................................................................................... 17

Power Key ................................................................................................................................................ 18

Phone Keys............................................................................................................................................... 18

Lights......................................................................................................................................................... 18

Vibra .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

Audio Hardware .........................................................................................................................................19

Earpiece .................................................................................................................................................... 19

Microphone ............................................................................................................................................. 19

MIDI Speaker........................................................................................................................................... 19

Battery ..........................................................................................................................................................20

Battery Connector ................................................................................................................................. 20

Accessories Interface ................................................................................................................................21

System Connector.................................................................................................................................. 21

Charger IF................................................................................................................................................. 24

Test Interfaces ............................................................................................................................................24

Production Test Pattern ....................................................................................................................... 24

General Testing Information............................................................................................................... 28

RF Module ....................................................................................................................................................28

Temperature Conditions....................................................................................................................... 28

Main Technical Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 29

Antenna .................................................................................................................................................... 29

Transmitter Block Diagram ................................................................................................................. 30

Synthesizer .............................................................................................................................................. 32

Receiver ........................................................................................................................................................35

GPS Engine .................................................................................................................................................... 37

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)

Nokia Customer Care System Module

Introduction

Following is a summary of the 6015/6015i/6016i/6019i, and 6012 transceivers:

Model Type Technology Memory

6012 RM-20 Analog and CDMA IS2000 Discrete

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 4 Mb

6015 RH-55 Analog and CDMA IS2000 Discrete

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 4 Mb

6015i RH-55 Analog and CDMA IS2000 Combo

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 16 Mb

6016i RH-55 Analog and CDMA IS2000 Combo

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 16 Mb

6019i RH-55 Analog and CDMA IS2000 Combo

Flash: 128 Mb SRAM: 16 Mb

Frequency (MHz)

800 No

800/1900 No

800/1900 Yes

GPS Module

All models include a whip antenna and a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). When the whip antenna is in, only the PIFA antenna is active. When the whip is extended, both antennas are active. Access for testing cellular and GPS engines is possible once the A-cover is removed.

Phone features include the following:

• Internal vibra

• High-resolution display (96x65 pixels)

• 2.5 mm Universal headset connector with TTY/TDD support

• GPS technology (6015i, 6016i, 6019i)

• T9 predictive text input

• Voice dialing

• Two-way, hands-free speakerphone

• 16-polyphonic MIDI speaker

• High speed data (HSD) support (up to 153 Kbps)

• 4-way scroll design

• User changeable front and back cover

• Openwave 4.1 Web minibrowser (network dependant)

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Note: The 6016i (left) has a unique A-cover assembly

Operational Modes

There are several different operational modes, which have different states controlled by the cellular SW. Some examples are: Idle State (on ACCH), Camping (on DCCH), Scanning, Conversation, and No Service Power Save (NSPS).

• Power-off mode = Only the circuits needed for power-up are supplied.

• Sleep mode = Circuits are powered down and only the 32kHz sleep clock runs. In slotted mode or idle mode (a combination of sleep mode and receive mode), some circuits turn on during the wake-up slot to receive page messaging from the base station.

• Active mode = All circuits are supplied with power, although some parts might be in idle state part of the time.

• Charge mode = Effective in parallel with all previous modes. The charge mode itself consists of two different states, the fast charge and the maintenance mode.

• Local mode = Used for alignment and testing.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)

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V1A, V1B 4.60 - 4.90 vdc V2 - V7 2.70 - 2.86 vdc VIO 1.72 - 1.88 vdc

External

Antenna

1900 MHz

PCS Duplexer

850 MHz

Cellular

Duplexer

TX: 824 - 849 MHz

BT Front

EndBTReceiver

GPS

Front End

RX: 1930 - 1990 MHz TX: 1859 - 1910 MHz

RX: 869 - 894 MHz

Vbatt

GPS

Receiver

ST PAC

VR 5

2058.1-2118.1 MHz

997.11-1022.52MHz

Temp Sensor

50 KHz Steps

30KHz Steps

VR1B

UHF

PLL

TX Gate

PA Bias Enable

PA Bias

DAC

PCS

20 35

Cellular

4 GHz

Grey/dashed lines are backups or options

BB 4.0

128.1MHz

BW=30 KHz

128.1MHz

AGC2

SYNTH LE

Power Detector

Charge PumpLPF

BAND

SEL

JUPITER

AGC1

Div 2

Div 4

4 GHz

UHF PLL

Apollo 2 Top Level

BB4.0 BB4.5 BB5.0

UPP8MV3 TIKU_2G RAP_CDMA UEM UEM TAHVO

RETU

NOKIA CONFIDENTIAL

DHAxxx-EN

18-Feb-03

VREFRF01

VR 5

VR 7 VI O

RX I

BatmanAlfred

IF/

Analog

Bias

DET_OUT

SIO

RX Q

VR3

F ref

VCTCXO

19.2 MHz

RF Bus

VIO (1.8V)

I_ref

TX I

TX Q

VR2

F ref

VR4

MIDI Speaker

MUX

BuzzO

XEAR

Vibra

UEM UPP

RX_IP

RXI ADC

RX_IN

RX_QP

RXQ ADC

RX_QN

AUX Path

DAC

AFC DAC

AFC

PA TEMP

Slow ADC

PWROUT

TX_IP

TXI DAC

TX_IN

TX_QP

TXQ DAC

TX_QN

VSIM

SIMCLK

SIMCARDDECT

SIM Card

SIMDAIO

ACI

Mic2

FBus

DCT3 or Tomahawk

bottom Connector

r a

Mic1

VBAT

HeadInt

K-D Light/CalLED

BSI

VREFRF01 VREFRF02

I_PA1

I_PA2

PwrOnX

2.8-4.2v

VBat

BTemp

VBack

VR1 VR2

VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VR7 VIO

SIMIOCTRL Keyb1/2 LS

VREFRF01 VREFRF02

OSC2 OSC1

VR1A VR1B

VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VR7 VI0

SleepClk

CBus

DBus

RFConvClk

TxIQD

RxIQD

AudioConv

UEMInt

PURX AuxDa

MBus

FBus

IRTx/Rx

VCore

VIO

SleepX

SIMDAIO SIMCLK

LCD/

Keypad

32 Khz

LCDCtrl KeyB[10:0]

SYS_CLK

8MV3

PDMs

RF Bus

GP I/O

ExtAd[23:16]

Flash

TX AGC 1

TX AGC 2

RF_CLK RF_DATA RF_ENX RESETX

AGC_UP_DN

AGC_CLK PA_D(2:0) TX_GATE

FlsCtrl

ExtAdDa[15:0]

TX AGC

RF_CLK RF_DATA RF_ENX

RESET

STIBus

JTAG

DC-DC

Converter

RF Bus

VCore

(DC-DC)

Ostrich

Conn. JTAG

Conn.

Figure 1: Interconnecting diagram

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Engine Module

Environmental Specifications

Normal and extreme voltages:

• Nominal battery voltage: 3.6 V

• Maximum battery voltage: 4.5 V

• Minimum battery voltage: 3.2 V

Temperature Conditions

Following are the temperature ranges for the engine:

• Ambient temperature: -30 to +60

• PWB temperature: -30 to +85

Baseband Module

The core part of the baseband module consists of the following ASICs:

•UEM

•UPP

• Flash memory

The following sections describe these parts.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)

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PA Supply

RF Supplies

Apollo 2

BATTERY

RF RX/TX

RFIC CTRL 19.2 MHz

UEM

Ear

MIC

Buzzer

Vibra

MEMADDA MEMCONT

FLASH

UPP

PURX

RF RX/TX

Sleep Clock 32 kHz

CBUS/DBUS

AUDIO

BB Supplies

UEM

External Audio

Charger

Connection

DCT4 System

Connector

Figure 2: Baseband module diagram

UEM is the Universal Energy Management IC for DCT4 digital handportable phones. In addition to energy management, it performs all the baseband mixed-signal functions.

Most of UEM pins have 2kV ESD protection. Those signals that are considered to be exposed more easily to ESD have 8kV protection inside UEM. Such signals are all audio signals, headset signals, BSI, Btemp, Fbus, and Mbus signals.

Regulators

UEM has six regulators for baseband power supplies and seven regulators for RF power supplies. VR1 regulator has two outputs VR1a and VR1b.

Bypass capacitor (1uF) is required for each regulator output to ensure stability.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Reference voltages for regulators require external 1uF capacitors. Vref25RF is reference voltage for VR2 regulator; Vref25BB is reference voltage for VANA, VFLASH1, VFLASH2, VR1 regulators; Vref278 is reference voltage for VR3, VR4, VR5, VR6, VR7 regulators; VrefRF01 is reference voltage for VIO, VCORE, VSIM regulators, and for RF.

The baseband is powered from five different UEM regulators:

Table 1: Baseband Regulators

Regulator

VCORE DC/DC

VIO 150 1.8 Enabled always except during power-off mode

VFLASH1 70 2.78 Enabled always except during power-off mode

VFLASH2 40 2.78 Enabled only when data cable is connected

VANA 80 2.78 Enabled only when the system is awake (off during sleep

VSIM 25 3.0 Enabled during power-up mode and scanning for a SIM

Maximum Current (mA)

300 1.35 The power-up default value is 1.35V. The output voltage is

Vout (V) Notes

selectable: 1.0V/1.3V/1.5V/1.8V.

and power-off modes)

card

Table 2 includes the UEM voltage regulators used by the RF.

Table 2: RF Regulators

Regulator

Maximum Current (mA)

Vout (V) Notes

VR1A 10 4.75 Enabled when the receiver is on

VR1B 10 4.75 Enabled when the transmitter is on

VR2 100 2.78 Enabled when the transmitter is on

VR3 20 2.78 Enabled when SleepX is high

VR4 50 2.78 Enabled when the receiver is on

VR5 50 2.78 Enabled when the receiver is on

VR6 50 2.78 Enabled when the transmitter is on

VR7 45 2.78 Enabled when the receiver is on

Table 3: Regulator Descriptions

Regulator Description

VANA Supplies internal and external analog circuitry of the BB. This regulator is disabled in sleep mode.

Vflash1 Supplies the LCD and the digital parts of the UEM ASIC. This regulator is enabled during startup

and enters low Iq-mode in sleep mode.

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Table 3: Regulator Descriptions (Continued)

Regulator Description

VIO Supplies both external and internal logic circuitries. This regulator is used by the LCD, flash, Bat-

man, Jupiter, GPS RF, GPS Baseband, and the UPP. The VIO regulator enters low Iq mode in sleep mode.

VCORE Supplies the DSP, the core part of the UPP, and the GPS BB ASIC. The voltage is programmable

and the startup default is 1.35V. This regulator enters low Iq-mode in sleep mode.

VR1 (VR1A, VR1B) Uses two LDOs and a charge pump. VR1A is used in the UHF PLL, and VR1B is used

for Jupiter PLL.

VR2 Linear regulator used to supply the Jupiter RF ASIC.

VR3 Linear regulator used by the VCTCXO circuitry.

VR4 Linear regulator used by the UHF PLL and the UHF VCO.

VR5 Linear regulator used by the Batman and Alfred ASICs.

VR6 Linear regulator used by the Jupiter PLL.

VR7 Linear regulator used by the Batman ASIC.

RF Interface

In addition to the RF regulators mentioned, UEM handles the interface between the baseband and the RF section. It provides A/D and D/A conversion of the in-phase and quadrature receive and transmit signal paths, and also A/D and D/A conversions of received and transmitted audio signals to and from the UI section. The UEM supplies the analog AFC signal to the RF section according to the UPP DSP digital control. It also converts PA temperature into real data for the DSP. The UPP controls the RFIC through the 3-wire RFIC bus. UPP also provides PDM regulator for RF interface (RX/TX AGC control).

Charging Control

The CHACON block of the UEM controls charging. Needed functions for charging controls include: PWM-controlled battery charging switch, charger-monitoring circuitry, and battery voltage monitoring circuitry. In addition, external components are needed for EMC protection of the charger input to the baseband module. The DCT4 baseband is designed to electrically support both DCT3 and DCT4 chargers.

Digital Interface

Data transmission between the UEM and the UPP is implemented using two serial connections, DBUS (9.6 MHz) for DSP and CBUS (1.2 MHz in CDMA) for MCU. UEM is a dual-voltage circuit: the digital parts are running from 1.8V and the analog parts are running from 2.78V. Vbat (3.6V) voltage regulators inputs also are used.

Audio Codec

The baseband supports two external microphone inputs and one external earphone output. The inputs can be taken from an internal microphone, from a headset microphone, or from an external microphone signal source through a headset connector.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

The output for the internal earpiece is a differential type output, and the differential output is capable of driving 4Vpp to the earpiece with a 60 dB minimum signal to total distortion ratio. Input and output signal source selection and gain control is performed inside the UEM ASIC according to control messages from the UPP. Both a buzzer and an external vibra alert control signals are generated by the UEM with separate PWM outputs.

UI Drivers

The vibra, display LED, and keyboard LEDs are driven by open collector output drivers inside UEM. These drivers can generate PWM square wave signals to these devices.

AD Converters

There is an 11-channel analog-to-digital converter in UEM. The AD converters are calibrated in the production line.

BB-RF Interface Connections

All the signal descriptions and properties in the following tables are valid only for active signals.

Signal Name

RX_IF_AGC

Table 4: PDM Interface

From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

Voltage Minimum 0.0 0.1 V Controls the gain

of the VGA and mixer in the receiver

SW-controlled pulldown

UPP GenIO

Batman

Voltage Maximum 1.75 1.8 1.86

Resolution 10 bits

Load resistance 1 Kohm

Load capacity 100 nf

Setting time 0.2 ms

Source impedance 200 Ohm

Step size 7.03 mV

Filter value 27

Polarity Decreasing PDM voltage increases the gain.

Reset state N/A Input,

kohm nf

Clk Rate

(1)

9.6 19.2 MHz

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Table 4: PDM Interface (Continued)

Signal Name

TX_AGC1

From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

Voltage minimum 0.0 0.1 V Controls gain of

VGA in Jupiter

SW-controlled pulldown

UPP GenIO

Jupiter

Voltage maximum 1.75 1.8 1.86

Resolution 10 bits

Load resistance 1 Kohm

Load capacity 100 nf

Setting time 0.2 ms

Source impedance 200 Ohm

Step size 3.515 mV

Filter value 150

Polarity Decreasing PDM voltage increases the gain.

Reset state N/A Input,

kohm nf

Clk rate 9.6 19.2 MHz

TX_AGC2 UPP

GenIO

Jupiter See the values for TX_AGC1.

Table 5: General I/O Interface

Signal From To Parameter

“1” TX Off 1.38 1.88

“0” TX On 0 0.4

Load resistance 1 220 Kohm

TX_Gate

UPP GenIO

Jupiter and PAs

Load capacity 20 pF

Timing accuracy Programmable

Reset state N/A, Input, Software-controlled

Drive capability 2.0 mA

Input Characteristics

Function

Min Type Max Unit

Punctures the PAs and Jupiter ASIC

pull down

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Table 5: General I/O Interface (Continued)

Input Characteristics

Signal From To Parameter

Function

Min Type Max Unit

“0” 1.38 1.88

“1” 0 0.4

FastAGC

UPP GenIO

RF/BB/I/F

Load resistance 1 Kohm

Load capacity 20 pF

Timing accuracy Controlled by the software

Drive capability 2.0 mA

Table 6: VCTCXO Interface

Controls the PDM filter Time Constant

Signal From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

Frequency 19.2 MHz High stability

clock signal for logic circuits AC-coupled sinewave.

Signal amplitude 0.5 1.0 1.5 Vpp

Input impedance 10 kohm

Input capacity 5 7 10 pF

2nd harmonic -20 dBc 0.2 Vpp amplitude

3rd harmonic -10 dBc 0.8 Vpp amplitude

19.2MHz VCTCXO

UPP Batman Jupiter UHF PLL GPS

Table 7: Regulated Supplies from UEM to RF

Signal Name

VBAT Battery PA & UEM

VR1A UEM UHF PLL

From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

4th harmonic -15 dBc 0.8 Vpp amplitude

Settling time 0-90% amplitude

Settling time +/- 1 ppm

Voltage 3.04 3.5 4.2 V Battery supply.

Voltage 4.6 4.75 4.9 V Charge pump +

Current 5 mA

Lithium only

linear regulator. Can be used for VCO varactor control if 2.7V is not enough.

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Table 7: Regulated Supplies from UEM to RF (Continued)

Signal Name

VR1B UEM Jupiter PLL

VR2 UEM Jupiter

VR3 UEM

VR4 UEM

VR5 UEM

VR6 UEM Jupiter PLL

From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

VCTCXO and

19.2MHz buffer

UHF PLL and UHF VCO

Batman/ Alfred

Voltage 4.6 4.75 4.9 V

Current 5 mA

Voltage 2.70 2.78 2.86 V 2.78 only (3.3V

Current 100 mA

Voltage 2.70 2.78 2.86 V

Current 20 mA

Voltage 2.70 2.78 2.86 V

Current 50 mA

Voltage 2.70 2.78 2.86 V

Current 50 mA

Voltage 2.70 2.78 2.86 V

Current 50 mA

SMPS not enabled in UEM)

Low lq linear regulator

VR7 UEM Batman

VREFRF01 UEM

VREFRF02 UEM Not Used

VIO UEM

VRF_GPS

External regulator

Batman Vref

Jupiter Batman UHF PLL GPS

GPS RF

Voltage 2.70 2.78 2.86 V

Current 30 mA

Output impedance

Temp Coef -65 +65 uV/C

Voltage 1.334 1.35 1.366 V

Output impedance

Temp Coef -65 +65 uV/C

Voltage 1.70 1.8 1.88 V

Voltage 2.7 2.78 2.86 V

Current 50 mA

10 ohm

Low noise linear regulator

Voltage reference for RF-IC

1.2% accuracy

Voltage reference for RF-IC

1.2% accuracy

Supply for RF-BB digital interface and some digital parts of RF

Supplies RF section of GPS

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Table 8: RF-BB Analog Signals

Signal Name

RX_IP/RX_IN Batman UEM

RX-QP/RX-QN Batman UEM See the values for RX_IP/RX_IN Differential quad-

TX_IP/TX_IN UEM Jupiter

From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

Differential voltage swing (static)

DC level 1.3 1.35 1.4 V

Resolution 8 12 bits Depends on over-

Differential input impedance

Differential voltage swing

DC level

1.35 1.4 1.45 Vpp Differential inphase RX baseband signal

sampling rate in each system

1000 kohm

rature phase RX baseband signal

1024 mVpp Programmable

voltage swing

1.00 1.05 1.110

1.17 1.2 1.23

1.45 1.5 1.55

Programmable common mode voltage

Source impedance

Resolution 8 12 bits Depends on over-

TX_QP/TX_QN UEM Jupiter See the values for TX_IP/TX_IN Differential quad-

Voltage Min 0.0 0.1

Voltage Max 2.4 2.55

Resolution 11 bits

AFC UEM VCTCXO

Load resistance

Load capacity 100 nF

Settling time 0.2 ms

1kohm

200 ohm Between TX_IP-

TX_IN.

sampling rate in each system

rature phase TX signal

Automatic frequency control voltage for VCTCXO

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Table 8: RF-BB Analog Signals (Continued)

Signal Name

AUX_DAC UEM NC

PA_TEMP RF UEM

PWROUT Jupiter UEM 0 2.7 V TX power

From To Parameter Min Type Max Unit Function

Voltage Min 0.1

Voltage Max 2.4

Source impedance

Resolution 10 bits

Resistance at

-20° C

Resistance at +25° C

Resistance at +60° C

Input voltage range

027V

11 . 5

200 ohm

kohm

PA bias control.

Temperature sensor of PA. 47k thermistor assumed.

envelope detector output

Signal Name

RFBus_EN UPP

RFBus_Data UPP

RFBus_Clk UPP

From To Parameter

Batman Jupiter

Batman Jupiter Synth IC

Table 9: RFIC Control

Input Characteristics

Min Type Max Unit

“1” 1.38 1.88

“0” 0 0.4

Current 50 uA

Load resistance 10 kohm

Load capacity 20 pF

“1” 1.38 1.88

“0” 0 0.4

Load resistance 10 kohm

Load capacity 20 pF

“1” 1.38 1.88

“0” 0 0.4

Load resistance 10 kohm

Load capacity 20 pF

Function

Serial data enable for RF-lcs. Two enables supported.

Didirectional RF data bus

RF bus clock

Clock frequency 9.6 19.2 MHz

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Table 9: RFIC Control (Continued)

Signal Name

Synth LE UPP Synth IC

From To Parameter

UPP

The phone uses a UPP8Mv4.1/4.2 ASIC with 8Mbit of RAM. The UPP ASIC is designed to operate in a DCT4 engine, and is designed as part of the DCT4 common baseband task force. The DCT4 processor architecture consists of both DSP and MCU processors.

Blocks

UPP is internally partitioned into two main parts: the Brain and the Body.

The Brain consists of the Processor and Memory System (i.e., Processor cores, Mega-cells, internal memories, peripherals, and external memory interface). The following blocks are included: the DSP Subsystem (DSPSS), the MCU Subsystem (MCUSS), the emulation control EMUCtl, the program/data RAM PDRAM, and the Brain Peripherals–subsystem (BrainPer).

Input Characteristics

Min Type Max Unit

“1” 1.38 1.88

“0” 0 0.4

Current 50 uA

Load resistance 10 kohm

Load capacity 20 pF

Function

Load enable for synth IC

Memory

The Body consists of the NMP custom cellular logic functions. These contain all interfaces and functions needed for interfacing with other DCT4 baseband and RF parts. It includes the following sub-blocks: MFI, SCU, CTSI, RxModem, AccIF, UIF, Coder, GPRSCip, BodyIF, SIMIF, PUP, and CDMA (Corona).

Following is a summary of the memory associated with the phones:

Table 10: Memory Summary

Model Type Memory Frequency (MHz)

6012 RM-20 Discrete

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 4 Mb

6015 RH-55 Discrete

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 4 Mb

6015i RH-55 Combo

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 16 Mb

800

800/1900

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Table 10: Memory Summary (Continued)

Model Type Memory Frequency (MHz)

6016i RH-55 Combo

Flash: 64 Mb SRAM: 16 Mb

6019i RH-55 Combo

Flash: 128 Mb SRAM: 16 Mb

800/1900

The 1.8 Volt-only memory device is designed to be programmed in-system with the standard 1.8-volt Vcc supply. A 12.0 volt Vpp is not required for program or erase operations, although an acceleration pin is available if faster write performance is required. The device is a boot-sectored device, consisting of 255 x 32kW .

The flash device has two read modes: asynchronous read and synchronus burst mode read. The device powers up in an asynchronous read mode. In the linear continuous burst mode, the device delivers a continuous sequential word stream starting at the specified word and continuing until the end of the memory or until the user loads in a new starting address or stops the burst advance. The burst mode read operation is a synchronous operation tied to the rising edge of the clock. The microprocessor supplies only the initial address; all subsequent addresses are automatically generated by the device at the rising edge of subsequent clock cycles. The burst read cycle consists of an address phase and a corresponding data phase. The device also is capable of Burst Suspend and Burst Resume operations.

User Interface Hardware

LCD

The color LCD is 96 lines x 64 rows. The interface includes a reset signal from the UPP, a serial control with 3-wire, which is also from UPP (CS, Data CLK), and two power supplies (1.8V for digital and 2.8V for analog) circuitries. The LCD also has the booster output that needs to be connected to a booster capacitor.

The LCD is controlled by UI SW and control signals.

The booster capacitor (C309 1µF) is connected between a booster pin (Vout) and a ground. The capacitor stores boosting voltage.

Keyboard

The keyboard design includes up, down, left, and right navigation keys; two soft keys; and 12 number keys. The power key is located on top.

Power Key

All signals for the keyboard come from the UPP ASIC, except the power key signal, which is connected directly to the UEM. Pressing the power key creates an interrupt and connects the PWONX to the GND.

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Phone Keys

Other keys are detected so that when a key is pressed down, the metal dome connects one S-line and one R-line of the UPP to the GND and creates an interrupt for the SW. Table 11 shows how lines are connected and which lines are used for different keys. The S-line S0 and R-line R5 are not used.

Table 11: Line Connections

Lights

Returns / Scans

R0 Left Send End Right

S1 S2 S3 S4

Soft left Up Down Soft right

1 4 7 *

2 5 8 0

3 6 9 #

*NC = Not Connected

The phone has five LEDs for lighting purposes: two (V1-V2) blue LEDs for the keyboard, and three (V302, V303, and V304) white LEDs for the display.

The display and keyboard lighting is controlled by a DC/DC driver (charge-pump type). The driver is enabled by Klight. The current for the display is controlled from the driver, with the current setting coming from R303. The keyboard lighting LEDs each have a separate current source and the currents are controlled by R30 and R301.

Vibra

The LEDs have a white plastic body around the diode, which directs the emitted light to the UI side.

The vibra is located on the bottom of the D-cover and is connected by spring connectors on the PWB.

The vibra is controlled by a VIBRA PWM signal from the UEM. This signal allows control of both frequency and pulse width of the signal. Pulse width is used to control the current when the battery voltage changes. Frequency control searches for optimum frequency to ensure silent and efficient vibrating.

Table 12: Vibra Parameters

Parameter Requirement Unit

Rated DC Voltage 1.25 V

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Table 12: Vibra Parameters (Continued)

Parameter Requirement Unit

Rated speed 9700 ±2500 rpm

Rated current 125 mA

Starting current 160 max mA

Armature resistant 8.8 ohm

Rated DC voltage available 1.1 to 2.0 V

Starting DC voltage min. 1.0 V

Audio Hardware

Earpiece

The phone incorporates a 13 mm speaker capsule that is used in DCT3. The speaker is dynamic, very sensitive, and capable of producing relatively high sound pressure at low frequencies. The speaker capsule and surrounding mechanics comprise the earpiece.

Microphone

The microphone is an electric microphone with an omnidirectional polar pattern. It consists of an electrically-polarized membrane and a metal electrode, which form a capacitor. Air pressure changes (i.e., sound) move the membrane, which causes voltage changes across the capacitor. Because the capacitance is typically 2 pF, a FET buffer is needed inside the microphone capsule for the signal generated by the capacitor. The microphone needs bias voltage as a result of the FET.

MIDI Speaker

The Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) speaker produces an enriched sound and defines the data interchange format for ring tones, UI event sounds, and music for games and entertainment.

An audio amplifier is required because the audio output from the UEM does not produce enough power for the speaker. The MIDI audio signal, which is generated by the DSP and the UEM audio CoDec, is routed to the HF output of the UEM (single ended output). An audio amplifier is used to boost the audio signal so that an acceptable loudness is achieved.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Battery

The battery block contains BSI resistors and battery identification. The BSI fixed resistor value indicates the chemistry and default capacity of a battery. This resistor is connected to the BSI pins of the battery connector. The phone has pull-up resistors for this line so that it can be read by A/D inputs in the phone. A resistor array (R202) and spark caps in the BSI lines perform ESD protection.

Batteries have a specific red line to indicate if the battery has been subjected to excess humidity. The batteries are delivered in a "protection" mode, which gives longer storage time. The voltage seen in the outer terminals is zero (or floating), and the battery is activated by connecting the charger. Battery has internal protection for overvoltage and overcurrent.

Battery Connector

The phone uses a spring-type battery connector. This makes the phone easier to assemble in production and ensures a more reliable connection between the battery and PWB.

Figure 3: Interconnection diagram inside the battery pack

Figure 4: Battery pack pin order

Table 13: Battery Signal Properties

Signal

Name

1 VBAT (+) (batt.) VBAT I/O Vbat

2 BSI BSI (batt.) UEM Out Ana.

3 GND GND GND Gnd

Connected From - To

Batt I/O

Signal Properties A/D

- Levels - Freq/Timing

Description / Notes

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Accessories Interface

System Connector

Tomahawk accessories are used through a Tomahawk connection. The Tomahawk bottom connector consists of a charging plug socket and a Tomahawk system connector. Minimum configuration of Tomahawk interface includes charging, mono audio, power out, ACI, and Fbus. The USB and stereo audio out are optional.

Tomahawk system connector includes:

• Charging

• Pads for 2-wire charging in cradles

• Audio (stereo audio optional)

• 4-wire fully differential stereo audio

• FM radio antenna connection

• 2-wire differential mic input

• Power out

• 2.78V 70 mA output to accessories (bb4.0, bb4.5)

• 2.5V 90 mA output to accessories (bb5.0)

• Detection/controlling

•ACI

• Point-to-point bi-directional data line

• USB (optional)

• Power in 5V in from USB host

• USB v2.0 device mode (full speed 12M)

•Fbus

• Standard Fbus

• AT command mode (Nokia Serial Bus)

• Phone message mode

• Fast Fbus, fast data bus to add on modules

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Metal shield

Plastic housing

9.50

Contacts, 14 pcs

Locking holes for accessories, 2 pcs

Figure 5: Tomahawk system connector

6.50

5.70

6.55

5.40

2.70

1.00

21.20

PWB

DATA GND

USB D- / Fbus TX

0.30

Metal shielding

Shielding GND

ACI

Charge GND

Vout

USB Vbus

USB D+ / Fbus RX

Figure 6: Mechanical dimensions and signals of Tomahawk bottom connectors

XMIC P

XMIC N

HSEAR N

HSEAR P

HSEAR R N

HSEAR R P

An accessory is detected by the ACI line. All accessories generate interrupts while inserted or removed from the phone’s Tomahawk system connector. Insertion of an accessory generates a HEADINT interrupt by pulling the ACI line down. Vout is enabled by the UPP. The MBUS line is connected to the HEADINT line. If the HEADINT interrupt from low-to-high transition occurs within 20msec, a more advanced accessory is connected, or a basic headset is connected. The accessory flowchart outlines the routines used for all accessory detection.

3.50

Shielding GND

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The following diagram illustrates accessory detection/external audio flowchart:

Accessory

detection

Headint from hi to low tran

Power Vout line

Enable Vbus if USB not in use

Connect MBUS to Headint line

= 4.7k pullup to headint line

Low to high tran in

Headint line in 20ms

Headint YES

ACI or Fbus

accessory connected

Start ACI detection

USB

detection

High to low tran in Vp

and Vm - lines

Connect 1.3k resistor to D+ line

Host with detect phone as

full speed device

USB host

detected

Disconnect MBUS

from headint

Disable FBUS

Unpower VOUT line

Basic

headset

detected

3.th trial?

YES

Nokia Serial Bus

accessory detected

(AT mode)

Send ACI reset pulse

Phone gets learning

sequence from ACI

ASIC

Enable FBUS HW and

set FBUS to

requested command

mode, default is AT

command mode

Wait accessory ID

from Fbus Rx line

Fbus accessory

detected (phone

mode)

YESNO

YES

Read acc features

from ACI ASIC

FBUS needed?

ACI accessory

detected

Figure 7: Accessories detection flowchart

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TTY/TTD and Universal Headset Jack

TTYTTD devices use a standard 2.5mm 3-pin plug (tip = transmit, ring = receive, sleeve = ground) and the universal headset also uses same type of plug (tip = microphone, ring = earpiece, sleeve = ground). Because only three pins are available for both transmitting and receiving at the same time, both paths have to use single-end design (share the ground). The detection scheme for this interface uses a built-in switch (which is normally closed) in the universal headset jack. When there is no device being plugged in, the switch is closed, which forces the level on the detection line (GENIO[21]) to 1.8V. When a device is plugged in, the voltage is set to 0V. The detection line can then identify whether a device is plugged in.

Charger IF

The charger connection is implemented through the bottom connector. DCT-4 bottom connector supports charging with both plug chargers and desktop stand chargers. There are three signals for charging. A charger ground pin is used for both the desktop and for the plug chargers. Charger voltage and the PWM control line, which is needed for 3-wire chargers, is connected directly to the ground in the PWB so the engine does not provide any PWM control to chargers. Charge controlling is done inside UEM by switching the UEM internal charger switch on/off.

The fuse (F100) protects from high currents (e.g., when broken or pirate chargers are used). L100 protects the engine from RF noises that may occur in the charging cable. D100 protects the UEM ASIC from reverse polarity charging and from high charging voltage. C106 also is used for ESD and EMC protection.

Test Interfaces

Production Test Pattern

The interface for production testing is a 5-pin pad layout in the BB area (see Figure 8). The production tester connects to these pads using spring connectors. The interface includes the MBUS, USRX, FBUSTX, VPP, and GND signals, and the pad size is 1.7mm. The same pads also are used for AMS test equipment (e.g., module jig, service cable).

FBUS_T

VPP

MBUS

FBUS_RX

GND

Figure 8: 5-pin Pad Layout in BB area

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Display

LED’s

VR2 VR7 VR3 VR5

VR4

VR6

VR1B

FLASH

SRAM

VR1A

VFLASH1

UEM

VANA

VIO VSIM

UPP

DC-DC

VCORE

KEYPAD

CONVERTER

CONNECTOR

Figure 9: Test points - Top

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

POWERONX

GND

BSI

VBAT

19.2 MHz CLK FBUSRXI

DBUS_EN

PURX

FBUSTXI

UEMSRTX

CBUS_EN

VIBRA

VBAT_VIBRA

VPP

FBUSTXO

FBUSRXO MBUS

TOMAHAWK

CONNECTOR

MBUSTX

MBUSRXSMPSCLK

Figure 10: Test points - Bottom

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)

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GPS_B3 GPS_B2

GPS

RF ASIC

GPS_B1 GPS_B0 GPS_CLK

GPS_SPI_CLK

GPS_SPI_DATA

GPS_SPI_EN

GPS_EN_RESET GPS_INT_UI_CLK

GPS_UIRX

VRF_GPS

REGULATOR

GPS BB ASIC

GPS_UITX VCORE_GPS

VRF_GPS

VIO_GPS GPS_RFCLK GPS_RFCLK GPS_INT_DATA_R

Figure 11: GPS test points

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

General Testing Information

The phone has three different modes for test/repair. Modes can be selected with suitable resistors connected to BSI lines as follows:

Table 14: Operating Modes

Mode BSI Resistor Notes

Normal 68k

Local 33k

Test 6.8k Recommended with baseband testing. Same as

Local mode, but making a phone call is possible.

The MCU software enters automatically to Local or Test mode at start-up if corresponding resistors are connected.

Note: The baseband does not wake up automatically when the battery voltage is connected (Normal Mode).

RF Module

Supports CDMA 1900, CDMA 800, and AMPS as described in the following documents:

• IS2000-2-A Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems

• IS-98D Recommended Minimum Performance Standard for Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations

• IS-98E Recommended Minimum Performance Standard for Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations

• TIA/EIA-690 Recommended Minimum Standards for 800 MHz Cellular Subscriber Units

Temperature Conditions

Adhere to the following surface temperature (SPR5 - Product Safety) guidelines:

• Maximum temperature rise is 50 surfaces at room temperature

• Other temperature requirements (SPR4 - Operating Conditions)

• Meeting requirements: -30 to +60o C

C for nonmetallic surfaces and 30o C for metal

• Storage requirements: -30 to +85

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Main Technical Characteristics

Normal and extreme voltages include the following:

• Voltage range:

• Nominal battery voltage: 3.6V

• Maximum battery voltage: 4.5V

• Minimum battery voltage: 3.2V

• Temperature conditions:

• Ambient temperature: -30 to +60o C

• PWB temperature: -30 to +85o C

• Storage temperature range: -40 to +85o C

Antenna

A dual-band, whip antenna/internal antenna combination is used for the AMPS/Cell (CDMA) and PCS frequency bands. The whip antenna is capacitively coupled to the internal antenna when the whip is extended. An inverted-F antenna (IFA) is placed on the side of the internal antenna body for the GPS frequency band.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Transmitter Block Diagram

Following is the block diagram for the TX system.

Figure 12: TX system block diagram

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The transmit chain is a direct conversion chain which contains the upconverter/driver functionality, filters to reject unwanted harmonics and mixing products, and a power amplifier.

The channel spacing for the PCS band is 50 kHz and for the AMPS/Cell band the spacing is 30kHz. The baseband I/Q signals are converted directly to the desired RF frequency in the upconverter stage. The local oscillator frequency is an integrated 4GHz oscillator. For PCS operation, the local oscillator signal is divided by 2 while for AMPS/Cell operation the local oscillator signal is divided by 4. The transmitter also contains three automatic gain controls, which is used to vary the transmit power.

The following steps apply to the PCS and AMPS/Cell bands:

1. The differential RF outputs are combined into a single-ended output by an external balun.

2. The signal is feed into a SAW filter, which provides the required Rx band rejection.

3. The output of the filter is fed to a power amplifier, which also provides variable gain control.

4. The output of the power amplifier is fed to the duplexer, which provides further rejection of unwanted signals.

The power detector is placed at the antenna port of the duplexer, which means that variation (over frequency and temperature) in the duplexer insertion loss is automatically compensated.

5. The two frequency bands are then combined using a diplexer before going the the external RF connector and the antennas.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

Synthesizer

Figure 13 illustrates all three synthesizers and how they interconnect in the system.

Batman

RX VHF Synthesizer

RF_BUS_CLK RF_BUS_DATA RF_BUS_EN1X

SYNTH_LE

Reference

Divider

Reference

Divider

Phase

Detector

9-Bit B

Counter

LMX2310U

UHF Synthesizer

Phase

Detector

13-Bit B Counter

5-Bit A

Counter

Charge

Pump

Charge

Pump

2 mA

Prescaler

32/33

Charge

Pump

4 mA

Prescaler

32/33

5-Bit A

Counter

Band

sel

Tank

RX VHF VCO

UHF VCO

UHF RX LO

ALFRED

PCS_Cell

AFC

UEM

VCTCXO

19.2 MHz

UPP

RX UHF LO Synthesizer

The RX UHF LO synthesizer generates the first RX LO frequency for the receiver. The synthesizer has a selectable, dual-modulus 32/33 and 16/17 prescaler (up to 2.5GHz) and utilizes a phase-frequency detector with a charge pump that sinks or sources currents, which depends on the phase and frequency differences.

JUPITER D1

UHF Synthesizer

counter

Serial Control Logic&Registers

Phase

Detector

B counter

VDD BUS

AutoCAL

Prescaler

VCO_CAL

Charge

Pump

A counter

Figure 13: Synthesizer system block diagram

VDD PLL

AMPS

CDMA

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)

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For the PCS band, the channel spacing and comparison frequency are both 50 KHz. For the Cell band, the channel spacing and comparison frequency are both 30 kHz. The reference oscillator to the UHF synthesizer is 19.2MHz, and the reference divide ratio is 384 and 640 for Cell and PCS.

RX VHF Synthesizer

The RX VHF synthesizer is integrated within the Batman RFIC and generates the LO signals for the IQ demodulator. The synthesizer has an internal VCO with an external resonator and a dual-modulus prescaler type. The prescaler utilizes a phase detector with a charge pump that sinks or sources currents, depending on the phase difference between the detector input signals.

The RX VHF synthesizer generates 256.2 MHz for both the Cell and PCS bands. The RX VHF synthesizer comparison frequency for both the Cell and PCS bands is 150 kHz. The reference oscillator to the RX VHF synthesizer is a 19.2 MHz VCTCXO. The reference divide ratio is 128 for both the Cell and PCS bands.

TX UHF Synthesizer

The TX UHF synthesizer section in Jupiter consists of a fully-programmable RF PLL. The PLL contains the following:

• High-frequency, dual-modulus prescaler

• A- and B-counter with dual-modulus control logic

• Reference- (R-) counter

• Phase detector (PD) with charge pump (CP) output

The synthesizer is controlled via the common serial 3-wire interface (CLOCK, DATA, ENABLE). The reference frequency is applied at the FREF-input and divided by the R-counter.

The reference input frequency is 19.2 MHz. The RF frequency of the on-chip VCO is divided by the 64/65 (RF) divide ratio prescaler and the following programmable B/A-counters. The RF frequency value is optimized for dual-band CDMA operation. The phase and frequency detector with the charge pump has a linear operating range without a dead zone for very small phase deviations.

The LO frequency can be programmed in 120 kHz steps to achieve 30 KHz Channel spacing over the complete cellular TX band. For operation in the PCS band, the internal VCO runs at double the TX frequency. The LO frequency can be programmed in 100 kHz steps to achieve a 50 kHz channel spacing over the complete PCS TX band. For Cellular operation, the internal VCO runs at four times the TX frequency. The LO frequency can be programmed in 120 kHz steps to achieve 30 kHz channel spacing over the complete Cellular TX band. For operation in the PCS band, the internal VCO runs at double the TX frequency. The LO frequency can be programmed in 100 kHz steps to achieve a 50 kHz channel spacing over the complete PCS TX band.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

VCTCXO - System Reference Oscillator

The VCTCXO provides the frequency reference for all the synthesizers. It is a voltagecontrolled, temperature-compensated, 19.2MHz crystal oscillator that can be pulled over a small range of its output frequency.

This allows for an AFC function to be implemented for any frequency accuracy requirements. This is done by DSP processing of received I/Q signals. Closed loop AFC operation allows very close frequency tracking of the base station to be done in CDMA mode. This enables the unit to track out aging effects and give the required center frequency accuracy in Cellular and PCS bands.

UHF Synthesizer

Batman

RX VHF Synth

VCTCXO

19.2 MHz

Figure 14: VCTCXO clock distribution

TX Jupiter

UPPUEM

GPS

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Receiver

PCS RF FILTER

PCS DUPLEX FILTER

DIPLEX FILTER

CELL DUPLEX FILTER

UHF VCO

PCS LNA

Alfred Rx IC Batman Rx Down-converter

Cell

LNA

CELL RF FILTER

LOA

PCS RFA

Cell

RFA

AMPS

FILTER

AMPS

CDMA

FILTER

Figure 15: Receiver block diagram

VGA

DEMOD

ADC

BBFIL/BBAMP

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

The receiver supports dual-band and dual-mode operation, including the 800 and 1900 MHz frequency bands for CDMA, as well as the 800 MHz band for AMPS. The receiver is a dual-conversion, I/Q receiver. The IF and baseband I/Q are common for all frequency bands. AMPS and CDMA share many of the blocks except for the IF and baseband filters due to the different bandwidths. The downconversion stage for AMPS requires less gain due to a lower A/D input voltage, which also increases the dynamic range of the AMPS receiver.

This can be implemented by using two separate downconverters or by using a gain step for the mixer section. The I and Q base band filters are fully-integrated, active filters implemented in the RX IF ASIC. The AGC is implemented using a VGA and by switching out the LNA in the front end. This provides optimal control of the dynamic range and is necessary to meet all IMD requirements. At least one switch point is required to meet all CDMA specifications. The AMPS signal is digitally demodulated by the DSP after being converted to digital in the UEM. A DC offset compensation system for the I/Q path, which is incorporated in the RX IF ASIC, is needed in both AMPS and CDMA modes.

The front-end implementation can be done using an RF ASIC that contains all necessary amplifiers, mixers and switches. Alternatively, a less integrated solution is possible. A switching mechanism is needed to route the outputs of the mixers to the correct IF filter. In CDMA mode, both mixer outputs must be routed to the CDMA IF filter, while in AMPS mode the output of the 800 MHz mixer must be routed to the AMPS IF filter.

The RX IF ASIC is named "Batman D," and is used to convert the IF down to baseband I and Q. The ASIC contains a VGA section, IQ demodulator, baseband filters (BBFIL) for AMPS and CDMA, switchable gain baseband amplifier (BBAMP), and an RX VHF PLL. The I/Q BB signals are output to the UEM chip for analog-to-digital conversion and further signal processing.

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)

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GPS Engine

Figure 16: GPS Engine Block Diagram

The GPS engine (GE) major components consist of two ASICs, the RF Front End with a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a voltage regulator, and a Temperature-Controlled Crystal Oscillator (TCXO). The front end provides filtering of out-of-band signals and amplification of the frequency band of interest. The RF ASIC provides further amplification, AGC, down-conversion to low IF, IF filtering and analog-to-digital conversion of the IF. The baseband ASIC is responsible for all baseband processing of the GPS signal, including PN wipeoff, decoding, and GPS measurement calculations. The TCXO provides a 16.368 MHz signal for down-conversion and sampling and is used by the baseband ASIC for all the GPS processing. The RF regulator provides voltage regulation from the battery to provide 2.8 volts for the RF components.

The GE is controlled by the Cellular Engine (CE) via the GE/CE Interface. When the CE powers up, the GE performs a self-test and informs the CE of self-test results. If the selftest results pass, the CE will download the operational code to the GE via the GE/CE interface. If the self-test of the GE fails, the CE will declare a hardware failure and increment the “Test Mode 0 Failure” PPC. The CE will receive a GPS status message from the GE after download as to the success of the download. If the download fails, the CE will reset the GE, increment the “Code Download Failure” PPC, and try to download the code again. After the third unsuccessful attempt of download, the CE will declare a

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20) System Module Nokia Customer Care

hardware failure and hold the GE in reset. If download is successful, it will configure the GE and then put the GE to sleep. Sleep is the normal state of the GE and the only time it is woken up is from any of the following:

• To perform periodic self-test

• When an IS-801.1 location session starts

• When a command is sent to it through the test interface in the Location Server SW in the CE, (e.g., a command from Phoenix)

During sleep of the GE, the RF regulator is off and the RF ASIC is powered down. The baseband ASIC remains powered on, but has no internal clocks running except the sleep clock from the CE.

Nokia 6015 Service Manual 10RH55sys

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

System Module

Contents Page

Introduction

Operational Modes

Engine Module

Environmental Specifications

Temperature Conditions

Baseband Module

BB-RF Interface Connections

Memory

User Interface Hardware

Keyboard

Power Key

Phone Keys

Lights

Vibra

Audio Hardware

Earpiece

Microphone

MIDI Speaker

Battery

Battery Connector

Accessories Interface

System Connector

Charger IF

Test Interfaces

Production Test Pattern

General Testing Information

RF Module

Temperature Conditions

Main Technical Characteristics

Antenna

Transmitter Block Diagram

Synthesizer

Receiver

GPS Engine