NETGEAR MR814v2 User Manual

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Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

NETGEAR, Inc.

4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA

SM-MR814NA-2 Version 4.12 April 2003

Trademarks

NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc.

Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance

This is to certify that the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).

Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs

Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.

Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.

Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer

It is hereby certified that the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.

Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.

Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement

This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.

When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.

Read instructions for correct handling.

Customer Support

Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.

World Wide Web

NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL) http://www.netgear.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required.

iii

Preface About This Manual

Chapter 1 Introduction

Key Features of the Router ............................................................................................1-1

802.11b Standards-based Wireless Networking ......................................................1-2

A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................1-2

Security ....................................................................................................................1-3

Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink™ ........................................... 1-3

Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................1-3

Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................1-4

Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................1-4

Package Contents ..........................................................................................................1-5

The Router’s Front Panel .........................................................................................1-6

The Router’s Rear Panel .........................................................................................1-7

Chapter 2 Connecting the Router to the Internet

What You Will Need Before You Begin ........................................................................... 2-1

Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements .....................................................2-1

Computer Network Configuration Requirements .....................................................2-1

Internet Configuration Requirements ....................................................................... 2-2

Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters? .........................................2-2

Record Your Internet Connection Information ..........................................................2-3

Connecting the MR814v2 to Your LAN ........................................................................... 2-4

PPPoE Wizard-Detected Option ..............................................................................2-8

Telstra Bigpond Cable Wizard-Detected Option .......................................................2-9

Dynamic IP Wizard-Detected Option ..................................................................... 2-10

Fixed IP Account Wizard-Detected Option ............................................................. 2-11

Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection ...........................................................2-13

Contents v

Chapter 3 Wireless Configuration

Considerations For A Wireless Network .........................................................................3-1

Observe Performance, Placement, and Range Guidelines .....................................3-1

Implement Appropriate Wireless Security ................................................................3-2

Understanding Wireless Settings ...................................................................................3-2

Restricting Wireless Access to Your Network ..........................................................3-3

Restricting Access to Your Network by Turning Off Wireless Connectivity ........3-4

Restricting Wireless Access Based on the Wireless Network Name (SSID) .....3-4

Restricting Wireless Access Based on the Wireless Access List ......................3-4

Choosing Authentication and Security Encryption Methods ....................................3-6

Authentication Scheme Selection ......................................................................3-6

Encryption Strength Choices .............................................................................3-6

How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity ..............................................3-8

How to Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address ................................................. 3-9

Configure WEP ......................................................................................................3-10

Chapter 4 Content Filtering

Content Filtering Overview .............................................................................................4-1

Blocking Access to Internet Sites ...................................................................................4-2

Blocking Access to Internet Services .............................................................................4-3

Configuring a User Defined Service .........................................................................4-4

Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range ..............................................4-5

Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced .................................................................4-5

Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access ...............................................4-6

Configuring E-Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications ..........................................4-7

Chapter 5 Maintenance

Viewing Router Status Information .................................................................................5-1

Viewing a List of Attached Devices .................................................................................5-5

Upgrading the Router Software ......................................................................................5-5

Configuration File Management ..................................................................................... 5-6

Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration ........................................................... 5-7

Erasing the Configuration .........................................................................................5-8

Changing the Administrator Password ...........................................................................5-8

vi Contents

Chapter 6 Advanced Configuration of the Router

Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers ..........................................................6-1

Adding a Custom Service .........................................................................................6-2

Editing or Deleting a Port Forwarding Entry ............................................................. 6-2

Local Web and FTP Server Example ....................................................................... 6-3

Multiple Computers for Half Life, KALI or Quake III Example ..................................6-3

Configuring the WAN Setup Options ..............................................................................6-4

Setting Up a Default DMZ Server .............................................................................6-4

Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port ...................................................................6-5

Setting the MTU Size ............................................................................................... 6-5

Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................6-6

Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................6-6

Using the Router as a DHCP server ........................................................................6-7

Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................6-8

Using a Dynamic DNS Service .......................................................................................6-9

Configuring Static Routes ............................................................................................. 6-10

Enabling Remote Management Access ....................................................................... 6-12

Using Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) ........................................................................6-14

Chapter 7 Troubleshooting

Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................7-1

Power LED Not On ................................................................................................... 7-1

LEDs Never Turn Off ................................................................................................7-2

LAN or WAN Port LEDs Not On ...............................................................................7-2

Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface .......................................................... 7-3

Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................7-4

Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................7-5

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router .......................................................................7-5

Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................7-6

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................7-7

Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................7-7

Contents vii

Appendix A Technical Specifications

Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics

Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1

Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1

What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-2

Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2

IP Addresses and the Internet ....................................................................................... B-2

Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4

Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5

Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7

Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ....................................................................... B-8

MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9

Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9

Domain Name Server ............................................................................................ B-10

IP Configuration by DHCP ........................................................................................... B-10

Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10

What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11

Stateful Packet Inspection ...............................................................................B-11

Denial of Service Attack ..................................................................................B-11

Ethernet Cabling .......................................................................................................... B-12

Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-12

Cable Quality ......................................................................................................... B-13

Appendix C Preparing Your Network

Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking ....................................................... C-1

Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking ....................................... C-2

Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ................................................. C-2

Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings in Windows 95B, 98, and Me C-4

Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method .......................................................... C-6

Verifying TCP/IP Properties .................................................................................... C-6

Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ............................................ C-7

Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ................................................. C-7

DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4 ............................... C-8

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DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP ..................................................... C-8

DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................ C-10

DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 .................................................. C-13

Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 .............................. C-15

Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ...................................................... C-16

MacOS 8.6 or 9.x .................................................................................................. C-16

MacOS X ............................................................................................................... C-16

Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers ......................................... C-17

Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account ....................................................... C-18

Are Login Protocols Used? ................................................................................... C-18

What Is Your Configuration Information? .............................................................. C-18

Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers ....................... C-19

Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers ..................... C-20

Restarting the Network ................................................................................................ C-21

Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics

Wireless Networking Overview ...................................................................................... D-1

Infrastructure Mode ................................................................................................. D-1

Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) ................................................................ D-2

Network Name: Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) ................................ D-2

Authentication and WEP ................................................................................................ D-3

802.11b Authentication ............................................................................................ D-3

Open System Authentication ................................................................................... D-4

Shared Key Authentication ...................................................................................... D-4

Overview of WEP Parameters ................................................................................ D-5

Key Size .................................................................................................................. D-6

WEP Configuration Options .................................................................................... D-7

Wireless Channels ......................................................................................................... D-7

Glossary

Index

Contents ix

x Contents

Preface

About This Manual

Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR® MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.

The MR814v2 router provides connection for multiple personal computers (PCs) to the Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is normally intended for use by a single PC.

Audience

This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website.

Typographical Conventions

This guide uses the following typographical conventions:

italics Media titles and URLs.

bold times roman User input.

courier font Screen text.

[Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation [Enter] is

used for the Enter key and the Return key.

[Ctrl]+C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked

with a plus (+) sign.

SMALL CAPS File and directory names.

About This Manual xi

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Special Message Formats

This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:

Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.

xii About This Manual

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.

Key Features of the Router

The MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router with 4-port switch connects your local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem.

The MR814v2 router provides you with multiple Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts -- both via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Website addresses and address keywords, and share high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal computers. In addition to the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature, the built-in firewall protects you from hackers.

With minimum setup, you can install and use the router within minutes.

The MR814v2 router provides the following features:

• 802.11b Standards-based wireless networking

• Easy, web-based setup for installation and management

• Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security

• Built in 4-port 10/100 Mbps Switch

• Ethernet connection to a wide area network (WAN) device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem

• Extensive Protocol Support

• Login capability

• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity

• Flash memory for firmware upgrade

Introduction 1-1

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

802.11b Standards-based Wireless Networking

The MR814v2 router includes an 802.11b-compliant wireless access point, providing continuous, high-speed 11 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices. The access point provides:

• 802.11b Standards-based wireless networking at up to 11 Mbps

• 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption security

• WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase

• Wireless access can be restricted by MAC address.

• Wireless network name broadcast can be turned off so that only devices that have the network name (SSID) can connect.

A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering

Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the MR814v2 is a true firewall, using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:

• Denial of Service (DoS) protection.

Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND Attack, and IP Spoofing.

• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.

• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.

• Logs security incidents.

The MR814v2 will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and administrator logins. You can configure the router to email the log to you at specified intervals. You can also configure the router to send immediate alert messages to your email address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.

• With its content filtering feature, the MR814v2 prevents objectionable content from reaching your PCs. The router allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the router to log and report attempts to access objectionable Internet sites.

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Security

The MR814v2 router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as described in this section.

• PCs Hidden by NAT NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network. Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN.

• Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the router allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request, or to one designated “DMZ” host computer. You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports.

Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink™

With its internal 8-port 10/100 switch, the MR814v2 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.

The router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a ‘normal’ connection such as to a PC or an ‘uplink’ connection such as to a switch or hub. That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection.

Extensive Protocol Support

The MR814v2 router supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to

“Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics.”

• IP Address Sharing by NAT The MR814v2 router allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account.

Introduction 1-3

Appendix B,

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

• Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The MR814v2 router dynamically assigns network configuration information, including IP,

gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network.

• DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the router provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The router obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.

• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such as Entersys or WinPOET on your PC.

Easy Installation and Management

You can install, configure, and operate the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router within minutes after connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and management tasks:

• Browser-based management Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your router from almost any type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web Management Interface.

• Smart Wizard The MR814v2 router automatically senses the type of Internet connection, asking you only for the information required for your type of ISP account.

• Visual monitoring The MR814v2 router’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity.

Maintenance and Support

NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the MR814v2 router:

• Flash memory for firmware upgrade

• Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day

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Package Contents

The product package should contain the following items:

• MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.

•AC power adapter.

• Category 5 (CAT5) Ethernet cable.

• MR814v2 Resource CD, including:

— This guide.

— Application Notes and other helpful information.

•.

• Registration and Warranty Card.

• Support Information Card.

If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the router for repair.

Introduction 1-5

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

The Router’s Front Panel

The front panel of the MR814v2 router contains the status LEDs described below.

Figure 1-1: MR814v2 Front Panel

You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, Table 1-1 describes the LEDs on the front panel of the router. These LEDs are green when lit.

Table 1-1. LED Descriptions

Label Activity Description

On Off

Power

On Blink

Internet

1-6 Introduction

Power is supplied to the router. Power is not supplied to the router.

The Internet (Wide Area Network) port has detected a link with an attached device. Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port.

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Table 1-1. LED Descriptions

On Indicates that the Wireless port is initialized.

Wireless

Local

On (Green) Blink (Green) On (Amber) Blink (Amber) Off

The Local (LAN) port has detected link with a 100 Mbps device. Data is being transmitted or received at 100 Mbps. The Local port has detected link with a 10 Mbps device. Data is being transmitted or received at 10 Mbps. No link is detected on this port.

The Router’s Rear Panel

The rear panel of the Model RP614 router contains the port connections listed below.

Figure 1-2: MR814v2 Rear Panel

Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following features:

• AC power adapter outlet

• Four Local (LAN) Ethernet ports for connecting the router to the local PCs

• Internet (WAN) Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem

• Factory Default Reset push button

• Wireless antenna

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1-8 Introduction

Chapter 2

Connecting the Router to the Internet

This chapter describes how to set up the router on your local area network (LAN) and connect to the Internet. You find out how to configure your MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router for Internet access using the Setup Wizard, or how to manually configure your Internet connection.

What You Will Need Before You Begin

You need to prepare these three things before you begin:

1. Have active Internet service such as that provided by an cable or DSL broadband account.

2. Locate the Internet Service Provider (ISP) configuration information for your DSL account.

3. Connect the router to a cable or DSL modem and a computer as explained below.

Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements

To use the MR814v2 router on your network, each computer must have an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and an Ethernet cable. If the computer will connect to your network at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5 (CAT5) cable such as the one provided with your router.

Computer Network Configuration Requirements

The MR814v2 includes a built-in Web Configuration Manager. To access the configuration menus on the MR814v2, your must use a Java-enabled web browser program which supports HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. NETGEAR recommends using Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above. Free browser programs are readily available for Windows, Macintosh, or UNIX/Linux.

For the initial connection to the Internet and configuration of your router, you will need to connect a computer to the router which is set to automatically get its TCP/IP configuration from the router via DHCP.

Note: For help with DHCP configuration, please refer to Appendix C, “Preparing Your Network”.

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The cable or DSL modem broadband access device must provide a standard 10 Mbps (10BASE-T) Ethernet interface.

Internet Configuration Requirements

Depending on how your ISP set up your Internet account, you will need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your router to the Internet:

• Host and Domain Names

• ISP Login Name and Password

• ISP Domain Name Server (DNS) Addresses

• Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address

Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?

There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information.

• Your ISP provides all the information needed to connect to the Internet. If you cannot locate this information, you can ask your ISP to provide it or you can try one of the options below.

• If you have a computer already connected using the active Internet access account, you can gather the configuration information from that computer.

— For Windows 95/98/ME, open the Network control panel, select the TCP/IP entry for the

Ethernet adapter, and click Properties. Record all the settings for each tab page.

— For Windows 2000/XP, open the Local Area Network Connection, select the TCP/IP entry

for the Ethernet adapter, and click Properties. Record all the settings for each tab page.

— For Macintosh computers, open the TCP/IP or Network control panel. Record all the

settings for each section.

• You may also refer to the MR814v2 Resource CD for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection information for many ISPs.

Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters, you may want to record them on the page below.

2-2 Connecting the Router to the Internet

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Record Your Internet Connection Information

Print this page. Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider (ISP).

ISP Login Name: The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP. The Service Name is not required by all ISPs. If you connect using a login name and password, then fill in the following:

Service Name: _____________________________

Fixed or Static IP Address: If you have a static IP address, record the following information. For example, 169.254.141.148 could be a valid IP address.

Fixed or Static Internet IP Address: ______ . ______ . ______ . ______ Gateway IP Address: ______ . ______ . ______ . ______ Subnet Mask: ______ . ______ . ______ . ______

ISP DNS Server Addresses: If you were given DNS server addresses, fill in the following:

Primary DNS Server IP Address: ______ . ______ . ______ . ______

Secondary DNS Server IP Address: ______ . ______ . ______ . ______

Host and Domain Names: Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324-A or home. If you haven’t been given host or domain names, you can use the following examples as a

guide:

• If your main e-mail account with your ISP is aaa@yyy.com, then use aaa as your host name. Your ISP might call this your account, user, host, computer, or system name.

• If your ISP’s mail server is mail.xxx.yyy.com, then use xxx.yyy.com as the domain name.

ISP Host Name: _________________________ ISP Domain Name: _______________________

For Wireless Access: For configuration of the wireless network, record the following: Wireless Network Name (SSID): __________________ Encryption (circle one): WEP 64, WEP 128, or IPSec WEP passphrase or key: ____________________

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Connecting the MR814v2 to Your LAN

This section provides instructions for connecting the MR814v2 router. Also, the MR814v2 Resource CD included with your router contains an animated Installation Assistant to help you

through this procedure.

Procedure: Connecting the Router

There are three steps to connecting your router:

1. Connect the router to your network

2. Log in to the router

3. Connect to the Internet

Follow the steps below to connect your router to your network. You can also refer to the Resource CD included with your router which contains an animated Installation Assistant to help you through this procedure.

1. Connect the router to your network.

a. Turn off your computer and Cable or DSL Modem.

b. Disconnect the Ethernet cable (A) from your computer which connects to your cable or

DSL modem.

Cable or DSL modem

Figure 2-1: Disconnect the cable or DSL Modem

2-4 Connecting the Router to the Internet

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

c. Connect the Ethernet cable from your cable or DSL modem to the Internet port (A) on the

MR814v2.

Cable or DSL modem

Figure 2-2: Connect the cable or DSL Modem to the router

d. Connect the Ethernet cable which came with the router from a Local port on the router (B)

to your computer.

Cable or DSL modem

Figure 2-3: Connect the computers on your network to the router

Note: The MR814v2 router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense if the cable should have a normal connection or an uplink connection. This feature eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables because Auto Uplink will make the right connection either type of cable.

e. Now, turn on your computer. If software usually logs you in to your Internet connection,

do not run that software or cancel it if it starts automatically.

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f. Verify the following:

When your turn the router on, the power light goes on.

The router’s local lights are lit for any computers that are connected to it.

The router’s Internet light is lit, indicating a link has been established to the cable or DSL modem.

Note: For wireless placement and range guidelines, and wireless configuration instructions, please see

Chapter 3, “Wireless Configuration.”

2. Log in to the router.

Note: To connect to the router, your computer needs to be configured to obtain an IP address

automatically via DHCP. If you need instructions on how to do this, please refer to

Appendix C, “Preparing Your Network”.

a. Connect to the router by typing http://192.168.0.1 in the address filed of Internet Explorer

or Netscape® Navigator.

Figure 2-4: Log in to the router

b. For security reasons, the router has its own user name and password. When prompted,

enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password, both in lower case letters.

Note: The router user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection.

2-6 Connecting the Router to the Internet

A login window shown below opens:

Figure 2-5: Login window

3. Connect to the Internet

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Figure 2-6: Setup Wizard

a. You are now connected to the router. If you do not see the menu above, click the Setup

Wizard link on the upper left of the main menu.

b. Click Next and follow the steps in the Setup Wizard for inputting the configuration

parameters from your ISP to connect to the Internet.

Note: If you choose not to use the Setup Wizard, you can manually configure your Internet connection settings by following the procedure

“Manually Configuring Your

Internet Connection” on page 2-13.

Unless your ISP automatically assigns your configuration automatically via DHCP, you will need the configuration parameters from your ISP as you recorded them previously in

“Record Your Internet Connection Information” on page 2-3.

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c. When the router successfully detects an active Internet service, the router’s Internet LED

goes on. The Setup Wizard reports which connection type it discovered, and displays the appropriate configuration menu. If the Setup Wizard finds no connection, you will be prompted to check the physical connection between your router and the cable or DSL line.

d. The Setup Wizard will report the type of connection it finds. The options are:

• Connections which require a login using protocols such as PPPoE, PPTP, Telstra, or Bigpond broadband connections.

• Connections which use dynamic IP address assignment.

• Connections which use fixed IP address assignment.

The procedures for filling in the configuration menu for each type of connection follow below.

PPPoE Wizard-Detected Option

If the Setup Wizard discovers that your ISP uses PPPoE, you will see this menu:

Figure 2-7: Setup Wizard menu for PPPoE accounts

• Enter the Account Name, Domain Name, Login, and Password as provided by your ISP. These fields are case sensitive. The router will try to discover the domain automatically if you leave the Domain Name blank. Otherwise, you may need to enter it manually.

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• To change the login timeout, enter a new value in minutes. This determines how long the router keeps the Internet connection active after there is no Internet activity from the LAN. Entering a timeout value of zero means never log out.

Note: You no longer need to run the ISP’s login program on your PC in order to access the Internet. When you start an Internet application, your router will automatically log you in.

• If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is available, enter it also.

Note: If you enter DNS addresses, restart your computers so that these settings take effect.

• Click Apply to save your settings.

• Click Test to verify that your Internet connection works. If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute, refer to

Chapter 7, “Troubleshooting.”

Telstra Bigpond Cable Wizard-Detected Option

If the Setup Wizard discovers Telstra Bigpond Cable is your ISP, you will see this menu:

Figure 2-8: Setup Wizard menu for Telstra Bigpond Cable accounts

• Enter your Login, Password and Authentication Server. These fields are case sensitive.

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Note: You will no longer need to launch the ISP’s login program on your PC in order to access the Internet. When you start an Internet application, your router will automatically log you in.

• The Domain Name Server (DNS) Address parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. Note: If you enter DNS addresses, restart your computers so that these settings take effect.

• Router MAC Address: This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the router on the Internet port. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC.

To change the MAC address, select “Use this Computer’s MAC address.” The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using. You must be using the one PC that is allowed by the ISP. Or, select “Use this MAC address” and enter it.

• Click Apply to save your settings.

• Click Test to test your Internet connection. If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute, refer to

Chapter 7, “Troubleshooting.

Dynamic IP Wizard-Detected Option

If the Setup Wizard discovers that your ISP uses Dynamic IP assignment, you will see this menu:

Figure 2-9: Setup Wizard menu for Dynamic IP address accounts

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• Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. If you leave the Domain Name field blank, the router try to discover the domain. Otherwise, you may need to enter it manually.

• If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login, select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is available, enter it also.

Note: If you enter DNS addresses, restart your computers so that these settings take effect.

• Click Apply to save your settings.

• Click Test to test your Internet connection. If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute, refer to

Chapter 7, “Troubleshooting.”

Fixed IP Account Wizard-Detected Option

If the Setup Wizard discovers that your ISP uses Fixed IP assignment, you will see this menu:

Figure 2-10: Setup Wizard menu for Fixed IP address accounts

• Fixed IP is also called Static IP. Enter your assigned IP Address, Subnet Mask, and the IP Address of your ISP’s gateway router. This information should have been provided to you by your ISP. You will need the configuration parameters from your ISP you recorded in

“Record

Your Internet Connection Information” on page 2-3.

• Enter the IP address of your ISP’s Primary and Secondary DNS Server addresses.

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Note: Restart the computers on your network so that these settings take effect.

• Click Apply to save the settings.

• Click Test to test your Internet connection. If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute, refer to

Chapter 7, “Troubleshooting.”

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Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection

You can manually configure your router using the menu below, or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section.

ISP Does Not Require Login

ISP Does Require Login

Figure 2-11: Browser-based configuration Basic Settings menus

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You can manually configure the router using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 2-11 using these steps:

1. Click the Basic Settings link on the Setup menu.

2. If your Internet connection does not require a login, click No at the top of the Basic Settings

menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below. If your Internet connection does require a login, click Yes, and skip to step 3.

a. Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name.

These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers.

b. Internet IP Address:

If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for your PC, select “Use static IP address”. Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address. The Gateway is the ISP’s router to which your router will connect.

c. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address:

If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is available, enter it also.

Note: If you enter an address here, restart the computers on your network so that these settings take effect.

d. Gateway’s MAC Address:

This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the router on the Internet port. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC by “cloning” its MAC address.

e. Click Apply to save your settings.

3. If your Internet connection does require a login, fill in the settings according to the instructions

below. Select Yes if you normally must launch a login program such as Enternet or WinPOET in order to access the Internet.

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Note: After you finish setting up your router, you will no longer need to launch the ISP’s login program on your PC in order to access the Internet. When you start an Internet application, your router will automatically log you in.

a. Select you Internet service provisory from the drop-down list.

b. The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select.

c. Fill in the parameters for your ISP according to the Wizard-detected procedures starting on

page 2-8.

d. Click Apply to save your settings.

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2-16 Connecting the Router to the Internet

Chapter 3

Wireless Configuration

This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your MR814v2 router.

Considerations For A Wireless Network

In planning your wireless network, you should consider the level of security required. You should also select the physical placement of your firewall in order to maximize the network speed. For further information on wireless networking, refer to in

Basics.”

Observe Performance, Placement, and Range Guidelines

The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the wireless firewall. The latency, data throughput performance, and notebook power consumption also vary depending on your configuration choices.

Appendix D, “Wireless Networking

Note: Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance

degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router. For complete range/ performance specifications, please see Appendix A, “Technical Specifications.”

For best results, place your firewall:

• Near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate.

• In an elevated location such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected PCs have line-of-sight access (even if through walls).

• Away from sources of interference, such as PCs, microwaves, and 2.4 GHz cordless phones.

• Away from large metal surfaces.

The time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your security settings and placement. WEP connections can take slightly longer to establish. Also, WEP encryption can consume more battery power on a notebook PC.

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Implement Appropriate Wireless Security

Note: Indoors, computers can connect over 802.11b wireless networks at a

maximum range of up to 500 feet. Such distances can allow for others outside of your

immediate area to access your network.

Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can extend beyond your walls and can be received by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, use the security features of your wireless equipment. The MR814v2 router provides highly effective security features which are covered in detail in this chapter. Deploy the security features appropriate to your needs.

Wireless Data

MR814 v2

Security Options

Range: Up to 500 Feet

1) Open System: Easy but no security

2) MAC Access List: No data security

3) WEP: Security but some performance impact

Figure 3-1: MR814v2 wireless data security options

Restricting access by MAC address filtering adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network, but the data broadcast over the wireless link is fully exposed. To block a determined eavesdropper, you should use one of the data encryption options of the firewall. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption provides data security.

Understanding Wireless Settings

To configure the Wireless settings of your firewall, click the Wireless link in the main menu of the browser interface. The Wireless Settings menu will appear.

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Figure 3-2: Wireless Settings menu

The Wireless Network menu sections are discussed below.

• Name (SSID). The Service Set Identification is also known as the wireless network name. Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. In a setting where there is more than one wireless network, different wireless network names provide a means for separating the traffic. Any device you want to participate in this wireless network will need to use this SSID. The MR814v2 default SSID is: NETGEAR.

• Region. This field identifies the region where the MR814v2 can be used. It may not be legal to operate the wireless features of the router in a region other than one of those identified on this drop-down list.

• Channel. This field determines which operating frequency will be used. It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point. For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to

“Wireless Channels” on page D-7.

Restricting Wireless Access to Your Network

The MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router provides several ways to restrict wireless access to your network:

• Turn off wireless connectivity completely

• Restrict access based on the Wireless Network Name (SSID)

• Restrict access based on the Wireless Card Access List

These options are discussed below.

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Figure 3-3: Wireless Access Point settings

Restricting Access to Your Network by Turning Off Wireless Connectivity

You can completely turn off the wirless portion of the MR814v2. For example, if your notebook computer is used to wirelessly connect to your router and you take a business trip, you can turn off the wireless portion of the router while you are travelling. Other members of your household who use computers connected to the router via Ethernet cables will still be able to use the router.

Restricting Wireless Access Based on the Wireless Network Name (SSID)

The MR814v2 can restrict wireless access to your network by not broadcasting the wireless network name (SSID). However, by default, this feature is turned off. If you turn this feature on, any wireless device will not ‘see’ your MR814v2. You must configure your wireless devices to match the wireless network name (SSID) you configure in the MR814v2 router.

Note: The SSID of any wireless access adapters must match the SSID you configure in the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router. If they do not match, you will not get a wireless connection to the MR814v2.

Restricting Wireless Access Based on the Wireless Access List

This list determines which wireless hardware devices will be allowed to connect to the firewall.

1. To activate this feature, click the Setup Access List button.

Figure 3-4: Wireless Card Access List

2. Click the Turn Access Control On check box.

3. Click Add to view the Wireless Card Access Setup screen.

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Figure 3-5: Wireless Card Access List Setup

Then, either select from the list of available wireless cards the MR814v2 has found in your area, or enter the MAC address and device name for a device you plan to use. You can usually find the MAC address printed on the wireless adapter. When you click Add, you are returned to the Wireless Card Access List screen.

Figure 3-6: Apply Wireless Card Access List

Be sure click Apply to implement and save your settings.

Now, only devices on this list will be allowed to wirelessly connect to the MR814v2. This prevents unauthorized access to your network.

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Choosing Authentication and Security Encryption Methods

Figure 3-7: Encryption Strength

Restricting wireless access to your network prevents intruders from connecting to your network. However, the wireless data transmissions are still vulnerable to snooping. Using the WEB data encryption settings described below will prevent a determined intruder from eavesdropping on your wireless data communications. Also, if you are using the Internet for such activities as purchases or banking, those Internet sites use another level of highly secure encryption called SSL. You can tell if a web site is using SSL because the web address begins with HTTPS rather than HTTP.

Authentication Scheme Selection

The MR814v2 lets you select the following wireless authentication schemes.

• Automatic.

• Open System.

• Shared key.

Note: The authentication scheme is separate from the data encryption. You can

choose an authentication scheme which requires a shared key but still leave the data transmissions unencrypted. If you require strong security, use both the Shared Key and WEP encryption settings

Set your wireless adapter according to the authentication scheme you choose for the MR814v2 router. Please refer to these options, as defined by the IEEE 802.11b wireless communication standard.

Encryption Strength Choices

Choose the encryption strength from the drop-down list. Please refer to “Overview of WEP

Parameters” on page D-5 for a full explanation of each of these options, as defined by the IEEE

802.11b wireless communication standard.

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“Authentication and WEP” on page D-3 for a full explanation of each of

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Disable

No encryption will be applied. This setting is useful for troubleshooting your wireless connection, but leaves your wireless data fully exposed.

64 or 128 bit WEP

When 64 Bit WEP or 128 Bit WEP is selected, WEP encryption will be applied.

WEP provides some degree of privacy, but can be defeated without great difficulty. If WEP is enabled, you can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys. These values must be identical on all PCs and access points in your network.

Figure 3-8: 64 or 128 bit WEP encryption strength

There are two methods for creating WEP encryption keys:

• Passphrase. Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button.

• Manual. 64-bit WEP: Enter 10 hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or A-F). 128-bit WEP: Enter 26 hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or A-F).

Clicking the radio button selects which of the four keys will be active.

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How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity

Follow the instructions below to set up and test basic wireless connectivity. Once you have established basic wireless connectivity, you can enable security settings appropriate to your needs.

1. Log in to the MR814v2 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its

default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up.

2. Click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the MR814v2 firewall.

Figure 3-9: Wireless Settings menu

3. Choose a suitable descriptive name for the wireless network name (SSID). In the SSID box,

enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The default SSID is Wireless.

Note: The SSID of any wireless access adapters must match the SSID you configure in the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router. If they do not match, you will not get a wireless connection to the MR814v2.

4. Set the Region. Select the region in which the wireless interface will operate.

5. Set the Channel. The default channel is 6.

This field determines which operating frequency will be used. It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby wireless router or access point. Select a channel that is not being used by any other wireless networks within several hundred feet of your firewall. For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to

6. For initial configuration and test, leave the Wireless Card Access List set to “Everyone” and

“Wireless Channels” on page D-7.

the Encryption Strength set to “Disabled.”

7. Click Apply to save your changes.

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Note: If you are configuring the firewall from a wireless PC and you change the

firewall’s SSID, channel, or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you click on Apply. You must then change the wireless settings of your PC to match the firewall’s new settings.

8. Configure and test your PCs for wireless connectivity.

Program the wireless adapter of your PCs to have the same SSID and channel that you configured in the router. Check that they have a wireless link and are able to obtain an IP address by DHCP from the firewall.

Once your PCs have basic wireless connectivity to the firewall, then you can configure the advanced wireless security functions of the firewall.

How to Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address

To restrict access based on MAC addresses, follow these steps:

1. Log in to the MR814v2 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its

default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up.

2. Click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the MR814v2 firewall.

3. From the Wireless Settings menu, click the Setup Access List button to display the Wireless

Access menu shown below.

Figure 3-10. Wireless Access menu

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4. Click Add to add a wireless device to the wireless access control list. The Available Wireless

Cards list displays.

Figure 3-11. Wireless Access menu

5. Click the radio button next to a device on the list and then click Add to add this device to the

list.

Note: You can copy and paste the MAC addresses from the firewall’s Attached Devices menu into the MAC Address box of this menu. To do this, configure each wireless PC to obtain a wireless link to the firewall. The PC should then appear in the Attached Devices menu.

6. Be sure to click Apply to save your wireless access control list settings.

To edit a MAC address from the table, click on it to select it, then click the Edit or Delete button.

Note: When configuring the firewall from a wireless PC whose MAC address is not in

the Trusted PC list, if you select Turn Access Control On, you will lose your wireless connection when you click on Apply. You must then access the router from a wired PC or from a wireless PC which is on the access control list to make any further changes.

Configure WEP

To configure WEP data encryption, follow these steps:

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1. Log in to the MR814v2 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its

default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up.

2. Click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the MR814v2 router.

3. In the Security Encryption menu, select the authentication and encryption strength Please refer

“Overview of WEP Parameters” on page D-5 for a full explanation of each of these options,

as defined by the IEEE 802.11b wireless communication standard.

Figure 3-12. Wireless Settings encryption menu

4. You can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys. These values must

be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your network.

• Automatic - Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click

the Generate button. The four key boxes will be automatically populated with key values.

• Manual - Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or A-F)

Select which of the four keys will be active.

Be sure you clearly understand how the WEP key settings are configured in your wireless adapter. Wireless adapter configuration utilities such as the one included in Windows XP only allow entry of one key which must match the default key you set in the MR814v2.

5. Click Apply to save your settings.

Note: When configuring the router from a wireless PC, if you configure WEP settings,

you will lose your wireless connection when you click on Apply. You must then either configure your wireless adapter to match the router WEP settings or access the router from a wired PC to make any further changes.

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Chapter 4

Content Filtering

This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router to protect your network. These features can be found by clicking on the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface.

Content Filtering Overview

The MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router provides you with Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, web addresses and web address keywords. You can also block Internet access by applications and services, such as chat or games.

To configure these features of your router, click on the subheadings under the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface. The subheadings are described below:

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Blocking Access to Internet Sites

The MR814v2 router allows you to restrict access based on web addresses and web address keywords. Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The Block Sites menu is shown in

Figure 4-1 below:

Figure 4-1: Block Sites menu

To enable keyword blocking, select either “Per Schedule” or “Always”, then click Apply. If you want to block by schedule, be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu.

To add a keyword or domain, type it in the Keyword box, click Add Keyword, then click Apply.

To delete a keyword or domain, select it from the list, click Delete Keyword, then click Apply.

Keyword application examples:

• If the keyword "XXX" is specified, the URL <http://www.badstuff.com/xxx.html> is blocked.

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• If the keyword “.com” is specified, only websites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or .gov) can be viewed.

• If you wish to block all Internet browsing access during a scheduled period, enter the keyword “.” and set the schedule in the Schedule menu.

To specify a Trusted User, enter that PC’s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply.

You may specify one Trusted User, which is a PC that will be exempt from blocking and logging. Since the Trusted User will be identified by an IP address, you should configure that PC with a fixed IP address.

Blocking Access to Internet Services

The MR814v2 router allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network. This is called services blocking or port filtering. The Block Services menu is shown below:

Figure 4-2: Block Services menu

Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers. For example, Web servers serve web pages, time servers serve time and date information, and game hosts serve data about other players’ moves. When a computer on your network sends a request for service to a server computer on the Internet, the requested service is identified by a service or port number. This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets. For example, a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request.

To enable service blocking, select either Per Schedule or Always, then click Apply. If you want to block by schedule, be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu.

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To specify a service for blocking, click Add. The Add Services menu will appear, as shown below:

Figure 4-3: Add Services menu

From the Service Type list, select the application or service to be allowed or blocked. The list already displays several common services, but you are not limited to these choices. To add any additional services or applications that do not already appear, select User Defined.

Configuring a User Defined Service

To define a service, first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application. The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and published in RFC1700, “Assigned Numbers.” Service numbers for other applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application. This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the application or from user groups of newsgroups.

Enter the Starting Port and Ending Port numbers. If the application uses a single port number, enter that number in both boxes.

If you know that the application uses either TCP or UDP, select the appropriate protocol. If you are not sure, select Both.

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Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range

Under “Filter Services For”, you can block the specified service for a single PC, a range of PCs (having consecutive IP addresses), or all PCs on your network.

Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced

The MR814v2 router allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced. The Schedule menu is shown below:

Figure 4-4: Schedule menu

• Use this schedule for blocking content. Check this box if you wish to enable a schedule for Content Filtering. Click Apply.

• Days to Block. Select days to block by checking the appropriate boxes. Select Everyday to check the boxes for all days. Click Apply.

• Time of Day to Block. Select a start and end time in 23:59 format. Select All day for 24 hour blocking. Click Apply.

Be sure to select your Time Zone in the E-Mail menu.

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Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access

The log is a detailed record of what websites you have accessed or attempted to access. Up to 128 entries are stored in the log. Log entries will only appear when keyword blocking is enabled, and no log entries will be made for the Trusted User. An example is shown below:

Figure 4-5: Logs menu

Log entries are described in Table 4-1

Table 4-1. Log entry descriptions

Field Description

Number The index number of the content filter log entries. 128 entries

are available numbered from 0 to 127. The log will keep the record of the latest 128 entries.

Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded.

Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry.

Action This field displays whether the access was blocked or allowed.

The name or IP address of the website or newsgroup visited or attempted to access.

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Log action buttons are described in Table 4-2

Table 4-2. Log action buttons

Field Description

Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen.

Clear Log Click this button to clear the log entries.

Send Log Click this button to email the log immediately.

Configuring E-Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications

In order to receive logs and alerts by email, you must provide your email information in the E-Mail menu, shown below:

Figure 4-6: Email menu

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• Turn e-mail notification on Check this box if you wish to receive e-mail logs and alerts from the router.

• Your outgoing mail server Enter the name of your ISP’s outgoing (SMTP) mail server (such as mail.myISP.com). You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your e-mail program. If you leave this box blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via e-mail.

• Send to this e-mail address Enter the e-mail address to which logs and alerts are sent. This e-mail address will also be used as the From address. If you leave this box blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via e-mail.

You can specify that logs are automatically sent to the specified e-mail address with these options:

• Send alert immediately Check this box if you would like immediate notification of attempted access to a blocked site.

• Send logs according to this schedule Specifies how often to send the logs: Hourly, Daily, Weekly, or When Full.

– Day for sending log

Specifies which day of the week to send the log. Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily.

– Time for sending log

Specifies the time of day to send the log. Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly.

If the Weekly, Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log fills up before the specified period, the log is automatically e-mailed to the specified e-mail address. After the log is sent, the log is cleared from the router’s memory. If the router cannot e-mail the log file, the log buffer may fill up. In this case, the router overwrites the log and discards its contents.

The MR814v2 router uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. In order to localize the time for your log entries, you must specify your Time Zone:

•Time Zone Select your local time zone. This setting will be used for the blocking schedule and for time-stamping log entries.

• Daylight Savings Time Check this box if your time zone is currently under daylight savings time.

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Chapter 5

Maintenance

This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router. These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface.

Viewing Router Status Information

The Router Status menu provides a limited amount of status and usage information. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, click on Maintenance, then select System Status to view the System Status screen, shown below.

Figure 5-1: Router Status screen

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This screen shows the following parameters:

Table 5-1. Router Status Fields

Field Description

Account Name This field displays the Host Name assigned to the router.

Firmware Version This field displays the router firmware version.

Internet Port These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the router.

MAC Address This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the

Internet (WAN) port of the router.

IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet (WAN) port

of the router. If no address is shown, the router cannot connect to the Internet.

IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet (WAN)

port of the router.

DHCP If set to None, the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the

WAN. If set to Client, the router is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the ISP.

LAN Port These parameters apply to the Local (WAN) port of the router.

MAC Address This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the

LAN port of the router.

IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Local (LAN) port of

the router. The default is 192.168.0.1

IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local (LAN)

port of the router. The default is 255.255.255.0

DHCP Identifies if the router’s built-in DHCP server is active for the LAN

attached devices.

Wireless Port These parameters apply to the Wireless port of the router.

MAC Address This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the

Wireless port of the router.

Name (SSID) This field displays the wireless network name (SSID) being used by the

wireless port of the router. The default is Wireless.

Region This field displays the geographic region where the router being used. It

may be illegal to use the wireless features of the router in some parts of the world.

Channel Identifies if the channel the wireless port is using. See “Wireless

Channels” on page D-7 for the frequencies used on each channel.

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Click on the “Show Connection Status” button to display the connection status, as shown below.

Figure 5-2: Connection Status screen

This screen shows the following statistics:.

Table 5-2: Connection Status Items

Item Description

IP Address The WAN (Internet) IP Address assigned to the router.

Subnet Mask The WAN (Internet) Subnet Mask assigned to the router.

Default Gateway The WAN (Internet) default gateway the router communicates with.

DHCP Server The IP address of the DHCP server which provided the IP configuration addresses.

DNS Server The IP address of the DNS server which provides network name to IP address

translation.

Lease Obtained When the DHCP lease was obtained.

Lease Expires When the DHCP lease was expires.

Release Click the Release button to release the DHCP lease.

Renew Click the Renew button to renew the DHCP lease.

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Click on the “Show Statistics” button to display router usage statistics, as shown below.

Figure 5-3: Router Statistics screen

This screen shows the following statistics:

Table 5-3: Router Statistics Items

Item Description

Port The statistics for the WAN (Internet) and LAN (local) ports. For each port, the screen

displays:

Status The link status of the port.

TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear.

RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear.

Collisions The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear.

Tx B/s The current transmission (outbound) bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports.

Rx B/s The current reception (inbound) bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports.

Up Time The amount of time since the router was last restarted.

Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired the link.

Poll Interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop

to freeze the display.

Set Interval Enter a time and click the button to set the polling frequency.

Stop Click the Stop button to freeze the polling information.

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Viewing a List of Attached Devices

The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the router has discovered on the local network. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Attached Devices to view the table, shown below

Figure 5-4: Attached Devices menu

For each device, the table shows the IP address, NetBIOS Host Name (if available), and Ethernet MAC address. Note that if the router is rebooted, the table data is lost until the router rediscovers the devices. To force the router to look for attached devices, click the Refresh button.

Upgrading the Router Software

The routing software of the MR814v2 router is stored in FLASH memory, and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR. Upgrade files can be downloaded from Netgear's website. If the upgrade file is compressed (.ZIP file), you must first extract the binary (.BIN) file before sending it to the router. The upgrade file can be sent to the router using your browser.

Note: The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the MR814v2 router must support HTTP uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator

3.0 or above.

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From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Router Upgrade heading

Figure 5-5: Router Upgrade menu

to display the menu shown below.

To upload new firmware:

1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR.

2. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the binary

(.BIN) upgrade file

3. Click Upload.

Note: When uploading software to the MR814v2 router, it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page. If the browser is interrupted, it may corrupt the software. When the upload is complete, your router will automatically restart. The upgrade process will typically take about one minute.

In some cases, you may need to reconfigure the router after upgrading.

Configuration File Management

The configuration settings of the MR814v2 router are stored within the router in a configuration file. This file can be saved (backed up) to a user’s PC, retrieved (restored) from the user’s PC, or cleared to factory default settings.

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From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below.

Figure 5-6: Settings Backup menu

Three options are available, and are described in the following sections.

Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration

The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your router’s configuration settings.

To save your settings, select the Backup tab. Click the Backup button. Your browser will extract the configuration file from the router and will prompt you for a location on your PC to store the file. You can give the file a meaningful name at this time, such as pacbell.cfg.

To restore your settings from a saved configuration file, enter the full path to the file on your PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file. When you have located it, click the Restore button to send the file to the router. The router will then reboot automatically.

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Erasing the Configuration

It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to a known blank condition. This can be done by using the Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the router's password will be password, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.0.1, and the router's DHCP client will be enabled.

To erase the configuration, click the Erase button.

To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. See

Default Configuration and Password” on page 7-7.

“Restoring the

Changing the Administrator Password

The default password for the router’s Web Configuration Manager is password. Netgear recommends that you change this password to a more secure password.

From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below.

Figure 5-7: Set Password menu

To change the password, first enter the old password, and then enter the new password twice. Click Apply.

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Chapter 6

Advanced Configuration of the Router

This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router. These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface.

Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers

Although the router causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet, you can make a local server (for example, a web server or game server) visible and available to the Internet. This is done using the Port Forwarding menu. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Port Forwarding to view the port forwarding menu, shown below.

Figure 6-1: Port Forwarding Menu

Note: If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing, refer to Appendix B,

“Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics,” to become more familiar with the terms and

procedures used in this manual.

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Use the Port Forwarding menu to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to computers on your local network. In addition to servers for specific applications, you can also specify a Default DMZ Server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded. The DMZ Server is configured in the Security Menu.

Before starting, you'll need to determine which type of service, application or game you'll provide and the IP address of the computer that will provide each service. Be sure the computer’s IP address never changes. To configure port forwarding to a local server:

1. From the Service & Game box, select the service or game that you will host on your network.

If the service does not appear in the list, refer to the following section, “Adding a Custom

Service”.

2. Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box.

3. Click the Add button.

Adding a Custom Service

To define a service, game or application that does not appear in the Services & Games list, you must determine what port numbers are used by the service. For this information, you may need to contact the manufacturer of the program that you wish to use. When you have the port number information, follow these steps:

1. Click the Add Custom Service button.

2. Enter the first port number in an unused Start Port box.

3. To forward only one port, enter it again in the End Port box. To specify a range of ports, enter

the last port to be forwarded in the End Port box.

4. Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box.

5. Type a name for the service.

6. Click Apply at the bottom of the menu.

Editing or Deleting a Port Forwarding Entry

To edit or delete a Port Forwarding entry, follow these steps.

1. In the table, select the button next to the service name.

2. Click Edit or Delete.

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Local Web and FTP Server Example

If a local PC with a private IP address of 192.168.0.33 acts as a Web and FTP server, configure the Ports menu to forward HTTP (port 80) and FTP (port 21) to local address 192.168.0.33

In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet, the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP. If this address is 172.16.1.23, for example, an Internet user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http://172.16.1.23. The assigned IP address can be found in the Maintenance Status Menu, where it is shown as the WAN IP Address.

Some considerations for this application are:

• If your account’s IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires.

• If the IP address of the local PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is rebooted. To avoid this, you can manually configure the PC to use a fixed address.

• Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs’ local LAN address (192.168.0.33 in this example). Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external IP address (172.16.1.23 in this example) will fail.

Multiple Computers for Half Life, KALI or Quake III Example

To set up an additional computer to play Half Life, KALI or Quake III:

1. Click the button of an unused port in the table.

2. Select the game again from the Services/Games list.

3. Change the beginning port number in the Start Port box.

For these games, use the supplied number in the default listing and add +1 for each additional computer. For example, if you've already configured one computer to play Hexen II (using port 26900), the second computer's port number would be 26901, and the third computer would be 26902.

4. Type the same port number in the End Port box that you typed in the Start Port box.

5. Type the IP address of the additional computer in the Server IP Address box.

6. Click Apply.

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Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT. The MR814v2 router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’s IP address is entered as the default in the PORTS Menu. If one local PC acts as a game or videoconferencing host, enter its IP address as the default.

Configuring the WAN Setup Options

The WAN Setup options let you configure a DMZ server, change the MTU size and enable the router to respond to a Ping on the WAN port. These options are discussed below.

Setting Up a Default DMZ Server

The default DMZ server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT. The router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’s IP address is entered as the default DMZ server.

Note: DMZ servers pose a security risk. A computer designated as the default DMZ server loses much of the protection of the firewall, and is exposed to exploits from the Internet. If compromised, the DMZ server can be used to attack your network.

Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the router unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service that you have configured in the Ports menu. Instead of discarding this traffic, you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network. This computer is called the Default DMZ Server.

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The WAN Setup menu, shown below lets you configure a Default DMZ Server.

Figure 6-2: WAN Setup menu.

To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server, follow these steps:

1. Click WAN Setup link on the Advanced section of the main menu.

2. Type the IP address for that server. To remove the default DMZ server, replace the IP address

numbers with all zeros.

3. Click Apply.

Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port

If you want the router to respond to a 'ping' from the Internet, click the ‘Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port’ check box. This should only be used as a diagnostic tool, since it allows your router to be discovered. Don't check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so.

Setting the MTU Size

The default MTU size is usually fine. The normal MTU (Maximum Transmit Unit) value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes. For some ISPs, particularly some using PPPoE, you may need to reduce the MTU. This should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary by your ISP.

Any packets sent through the router that are larger than the configured MTU size will be repackaged into smaller packets to meet the MTU requirement. To change the MTU size:

1. Under MTU Size, enter a new size between 64 and 1500.

2. Click Apply to save the new configuration.

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Using the LAN IP Setup Options

The second feature category under the Advanced heading is LAN IP Setup. This menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on LAN IP Setup to view the LAN IP Setup menu, shown below.

Figure 6-3: LAN IP Setup Menu

Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters

The router is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act.as a DHCP server. The router’s default LAN IP configuration is:

• LAN IP addresses—192.168.0.1

• Subnet mask—255.255.255.0

These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks, and should be suitable in most applications. If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme, you can make those changes in this menu.

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The LAN IP parameters are:

• IP Address This is the LAN IP address of the router.

• IP Subnet Mask This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the router. Combined with the IP address, the IP Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it, and which must be reached through a gateway or router.

• RIP Direction RIP (Router Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction selection controls how the router sends and receives RIP packets. Both is the default.

— When set to Both or Out Only, the router will broadcast its routing table periodically.

— When set to Both or In Only, it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives.

— When set to None, it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets

received.

• RIP Version This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the router sends. (It recognizes both formats when receiving.) By default, this is set for RIP-1.

— RIP-1 is universally supported. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you

have an unusual network setup.

— RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting.

Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the browser, you will be disconnected. You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again.

Using the Router as a DHCP server

By default, the router will function as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server, allowing it to assign IP, DNS server, and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the router's LAN. The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the router. IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu. Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN.

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For most applications, the default DHCP and TCP/IP settings of the router are satisfactory. See “IP

Configuration by DHCP” on page B-10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to

assign IP addresses for your network.

If another device on your network will be the DHCP server, or if you will manually configure the network settings of all of your computers, clear the ‘Use router as DHCP server’ check box. Otherwise, leave it checked.

Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address. These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the router’s LAN IP address. Using the default addressing scheme, you should define a range between 192.168.0.2 and

192.168.0.253, although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses.

The router will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP:

• An IP Address from the range you have defined

• Subnet Mask

• Gateway IP Address (the router’s LAN IP address)

• Primary DNS Server (if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu; otherwise, the router’s LAN IP address)

• Secondary DNS Server (if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu

Using Address Reservation

When you specify a reserved IP address for a PC on the LAN, that PC will always receive the same IP address each time it access the router’s DHCP server. Reserved IP addresses should be assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings.

To reserve an IP address:

1. Click the Add button.

2. In the IP Address box, type the IP address to assign to the PC or server.

(choose an IP address from the router’s LAN subnet, such as 192.168.0.X)

3. Type the MAC Address of the PC or server.

(Tip: If the PC is already present on your network, you can copy its MAC address from the Attached Devices menu and paste it here.)

4. Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table.

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Note: The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts the router's DHCP server. Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew.

To edit or delete a reserved address entry:

1. Click the button next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete.

2. Click Edit or Delete.

Using a Dynamic DNS Service

If your network has a permanently assigned IP address, you can register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS). However, if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address, you will not know in advance what your IP address will be, and the address can change frequently. In this case, you can use a commercial dynamic DNS service, who will allow you to register your domain to their IP address, and will forward traffic directed at your domain to your frequently-changing IP address.

Note: If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address (such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x),

the dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed on the Internet.

The router contains a client that can connect to many popular dynamic DNS services. You can select one of these services and obtain an account with them. Then, whenever your ISP-assigned IP address changes, your router will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider, log in to your account, and register your new IP address.

From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Dynamic DNS. To configure Dynamic DNS:

1. Register for an account with one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear

in the ‘Select Service Provider’ box. For example, for dyndns.org, go to www.dyndns.org.

2. Select the Use a dynamic DNS service check box.

3. Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider.

4. Type the Host Name (or domain name) that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you.

5. Type the User Name for your dynamic DNS account.

6. Type the Password (or key) for your dynamic DNS account.

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7. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL, you may

select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature. For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org

8. Click Apply to save your configuration.

Configuring Static Routes

Static Routes provide additional routing information to your router. Under normal circumstances, the router has adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access, and you do not need to configure additional static routes. You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network.

From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Static Routes to view the Static Route menu, shown below.

Figure 6-4. Static Route Summary Table

To add or edit a Static Route:

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1. Click the Add button to open the Add/Edit Menu, shown below.

Figure 6-5. Static Route Entry and Edit Menu

2. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table.

(This is for identification purpose only.)

3. Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported

in RIP.

4. Select Active to make this route effective.

5. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination.

6. Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination.

If the destination is a single host, type 255.255.255.255.

7. Type the Gateway IP Address, which must be a router on the same LAN segment as the router.

8. Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value.

This represents the number of routers between your network and the destination. Usually, a setting of 2 or 3 works, but if this is a direct connection, set it to 1.

9. Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table.

As an example of when a static route is needed, consider the following case:

• Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP.

• You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where

you are employed. This router’s address on your LAN is 192.168.0.100.

• Your company’s network is 134.177.0.0.

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When you first configured your router, two implicit static routes were created. A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192.168.0.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on the

134.177.0.0 network, your router will forward your request to the ISP. The ISP forwards your

request to the company where you are employed, and the request will likely be denied by the company’s firewall.

In this case you must define a static route, telling your router that 134.177.0.0 should be accessed through the ISDN router at 192.168.0.100. The static route would look like

Figure 6-5.

In this example:

• The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134.177.x.x addresses.

• The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN router at 192.168.0.100.

• A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN router is on the LAN.

• Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated.

Enabling Remote Management Access

Using the Remote Management page, you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure, upgrade and check the status of your MR814v2 router.

Note: Be sure to change the router's default configuration password to a very secure password. The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any language, and should be a mixture of letters (both upper and lower case), numbers, and symbols. Your password can be up to 30 characters.

To configure your router for Remote Management:

1. Select the Turn Remote Management On check box.

2. Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the router’s remote management.

Note: For enhanced security, restrict access to as few external IP addresses as practical.

a. To allow access from any IP address on the Internet, select Everyone.

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b. To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet, select IP address range.

Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range.

c. To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet, select Only this PC.

Enter the IP address that will be allowed access.

3. Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface.

Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80. For greater security, you can change the remote management web interface to a custom port by entering that number in the box provided. Choose a number between 1024 and 65535, but do not use the number of any common service port. The default is 8080, which is a common alternate for HTTP.

4. Click Apply to have your changes take effect.

Note: When accessing your router from the Internet, you will type your router's WAN IP address into your browser's Address (in IE) or Location (in Netscape) box, followed by a colon (:) and the custom port number. For example, if your external address is 134.177.0.123 and you use port number 8080, you must enter in your browser:

http://134.177.0.123:8080

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Using Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) helps devices, such as Internet appliances and computers, access the network and connect to other devices as needed. UPnP devices can automatically discover the services from other registered UPnP devices on the network.

Figure 6-6. UPnP Menu

From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on UPnP. Set up UPnP according to the guidelines below.

Turn UPnP On: UPnP can be enabled or disabled for automatic device configuration. The default setting for UPnP is enabled. If disabled, the router will not allow any device to automatically control the resources, such as port forwarding (mapping), of the router.

Advertisement Period: The Advertisement Period is how often the router will broadcast its UPnP information. This value can range from 1 to 1440 minutes. The default period is 30 minutes. Shorter durations will ensure that control points have current device status at the expense of additional network traffic. Longer durations may compromise the freshness of the device status but can significantly reduce network traffic.

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Advertisement Time To Live: The time to live for the advertisement is measured in hops (steps) for each UPnP packet sent. The time to live hop count is the number of steps a broadcast packet is allowed to propagate for each UPnP advertisement before it disappears. The number of hops can range from 1 to 255. The default value for the advertisement time to live is 4 hops, which should be fine for most home networks. If you notice that some devices are not being updated or reached correctly, then it may be necessary to increase this value a little.

UPnP Portmap Table: The UPnP Portmap Table displays the IP address of each UPnP device that is currently accessing the router and which ports (Internal and External) that device has opened. The UPnP Portmap Table also displays what type of port is opened and if that port is still active for each IP address.

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Chapter 7

Troubleshooting

This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem.

Basic Functioning

After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur:

1. When power is first applied, verify that the Power LED is on.

2. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that:

a. The Test LED is not lit.

b. The LAN port LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.

c. The WAN port LED is lit.

If a port’s LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. If a LAN port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the port’s LED is green. If the port is 10 Mbps, the LED will be amber.

If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.

Power LED Not On

If the Power and other LEDs are off when your router is turned on:

• Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet.

• Check that you are using the 7.5 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product.

If the error persists, you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.

Troubleshooting 7-1

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LEDs Never Turn Off

When the router is turned on, the LEDs turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off. If all the LEDs stay on, there is a fault within the router.

If all LEDs are still on one minute after power up:

• Cycle the power to see if the router recovers.

• Clear the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to

192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in

Password” on page 7-7.

If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.

“Restoring the Default Configuration and

LAN or WAN Port LEDs Not On

If either the LAN LEDs or WAN LED do not light when the Ethernet connection is made, check the following:

• Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation.

• Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation.

• Be sure you are using the correct cable:

— When connecting the router’s WAN port to a cable or DSL modem, use the cable that was

supplied with the cable or DSL modem. This cable could be a standard straight-through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable.

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Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface

If you are unable to access the router’s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local network, check the following:

• Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the router as described in the previous section.

• Make sure your PC’s IP address is on the same subnet as the router. If you are using the recommended addressing scheme, your PC’s address should be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to

192.168.0.254. Refer to

Properties (Macintosh)” on page 4-8 to find your PC’s IP address. Follow the instructions in Chapter 4 to configure your PC.

Note: If your PC’s IP address is shown as 169.254.x.x: Recent versions of Windows and

MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server. These auto-generated addresses are in the range of 169.254.x.x. If your IP address is in this range, check the connection from the PC to the router and reboot your PC.

• If your router’s IP address has been changed and you don’t know the current IP address, clear the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to

192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in

Password” on page 7-7.

“Verifying TCP/IP Properties” on page 4-5 or “Verifying TCP/IP

“Restoring the Default Configuration and

• Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded.

• Try quitting the browser and launching it again.

• Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is admin and the password is password. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information.

If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface, check the following:

• When entering configuration settings, be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab, or your changes are lost.

• Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser. The changes may have occurred, but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration.

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Troubleshooting the ISP Connection

If your router is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address, your router must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager.

To check the WAN IP address:

1. Launch your browser and select an external site such as www.netgear.com

2. Access the Main Menu of the router’s configuration at http://192.168.0.1

3. Under the Maintenance heading, select Router Status

4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port

If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP.

If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure:

1. Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem.

2. Turn off power to your router.

3. Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem.

4. When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to

your router.

If your router is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, the problem may be one of the following:

• Your ISP may require a login program. Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) or some other type of login.

• If your ISP requires a login, you may have incorrectly set the login name and password.

• Your ISP may check for your PC's host name. Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu.

• Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet, and may check for your PC’s MAC address. In this case:

Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device, and ask them to use the router’s MAC address.

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Configure your router to spoof your PC’s MAC address. This can be done in the Basic Settings menu. Refer to

“Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection” on page 2-13.

If your router can obtain an IP address, but your PC is unable to load any web pages from the Internet:

• Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses.

A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses) to numeric IP

addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use. If you entered a DNS address during the router’s configuration, reboot your PC and verify the DNS address as described in

“Verifying TCP/IP Properties” on page 4-5. Alternatively, you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses, as explained in

your operating system documentation.

• Your PC may not have the router configured as its TCP/IP gateway.

If your PC obtains its information from the router by DHCP, reboot the PC and verify the gateway address as described in

“Verifying TCP/IP Properties” on page 4-5.

Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility

Most TCP/IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation.

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router

You can ping the router from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly.

To ping the router from a PC running Windows 95 or later:

1. From the Windows toolbar, click on the Start button and select Run.

2. In the field provided, type Ping followed by the IP address of the router, as in this example:

ping 192.168.0.1

3. Click on OK.

You should see a message like this one:

Pinging <IP address> with 32 bytes of data

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If the path is working, you see this message:

Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx

If the path is not working, you see this message:

Request timed out

If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems:

• Wrong physical connections

— Make sure the LAN port LED is on. If the LED is off, follow the instructions in “LAN

or WAN Port LEDs Not On” on page 7-2.

— Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and

for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and router.

• Wrong network configuration

— Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP/IP software are both installed

and configured on your PC or workstation.

— Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the

addresses are on the same subnet.

Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device

After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device. From the Windows run menu, type:

PING -n 10 <IP address>

where <IP address> is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.

If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the previous section are displayed. If you do not receive replies:

— Check that your PC has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway. If the IP

configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be visible in your PC’s Network Control Panel. Verify that the IP address of the router is listed as the default gateway as described in

— Check to see that the network address of your PC (the portion of the IP address specified

by the netmask) is different from the network address of the remote device.

— Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning.

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“Verifying TCP/IP Properties” on page 4-5.

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

— If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC, enter that host name as the Account Name in

the Basic Settings menu.

— Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs. Many

broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem, but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single PC connected to that modem. If this is the case, you must configure your router to “clone” or “spoof” the MAC address from the authorized PC. Refer to

Configuring Your Internet Connection” on page 2-13.

“Manually

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password

This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings, changing the router’s administration password to password and the IP address to 192.168.0.1. You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:

• Use the Erase function of the router (see “Erasing the Configuration” on page 5-8).

• Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address is not known.

To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router.

1. Press and hold the Default Reset button until the Test LED turns on (about 10 seconds).

2. Release the Default Reset button and wait for the router to reboot.

Problems with Date and Time

The E-Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and time of day. The MR814v2 router uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and time of day. Problems with the date and time function can include:

• Date shown is January 1, 2000. Cause: The router has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server. Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly. If you have just completed configuring the router, wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again.

• Time is off by one hour. Cause: The router does not automatically sense Daylight Savings Time. In the E-Mail menu, check or uncheck the box marked “Adjust for Daylight Savings Time”.

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7-8 Troubleshooting

Appendix A

Technical Specifications

This appendix provides technical specifications for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.

Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility

Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP

PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Power Adapter

North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input

United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input

Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input

Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input

All regions (output): 7.5 V DC @ 1A output, 20W maximum

Physical Specifications

Dimensions: 28 x 175 x 118 mm (1.1 x 6.89 x 4.65 in.)

Weig ht: 0.3 kg (0.66 lb)

Environmental Specifications

Operating temperature: 0° to 40° C (32º to 104º F)

Operating humidity: 90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing

Electromagnetic Emissions

Meets requirements of: FCC Part 15 Class B

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VCCI Class B

EN 55 022 (CISPR 22), Class B

Interface Specifications

LAN: 10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45

WA N : 10BASE-T, RJ-45

Wireless

Radio Data Rate 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps Auto Rate Sensing

Frequency 2.4-2.5Ghz

Data Encoding: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

802.11b Operating Range Outdoor environment Indoor environment @ 11 Mbps 398 ft (120 m) 198 ft (60 m) @ 5.5 Mbps 561 ft (170 m) 264 ft (80 m) @ 2 Mbps 890 ft (270 m) 430 ft (130 m) @ 1 Mbps 1485 ft (450 m) 660 ft (200 m)

Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network:

802.11b Operating Frequency

Ranges

Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node. Typically 30-70 nodes.

2.412~2.462 GHz (US) 2.457~2.462 GHz (Spain)

2.412~2.484 GHz (Japan) 2.457~2.472 GHz (France)

2.412~2.472 GHz (Europe ETSI)

802.11b Encryption 40-bits (also called 64-bits), 128-bits WEP data encryption

A-2 Technical Specifications

Appendix B

Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics

This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and networking.

Related Publications

As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet. The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www.ietf.org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide.

Basic Router Concepts

Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network (LAN). However, providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive. Because of this expense, Internet access is usually provided by a slower-speed wide-area network (WAN) link such as a cable or DSL modem. In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link, a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet. The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router.

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What is a Router?

A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic.

Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of physical WAN connection they support. The MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single-user broadband connection.

Routing Information Protocol

One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table.

The MR814v2 router supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home applications.

IP Addresses and the Internet

Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected across the world, every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination. Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider (ISP). You can contact IANA at www.iana.org.

The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot notation (also called dotted-decimal notation), in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form, separated by decimal points.

For example, the following binary address:

11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111

is normally written as:

195.34.12.7

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The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer.

In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address identifies the network, and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network. The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.

There are five standard classes of IP addresses. These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address, allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP software to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software can correctly identify the host section of the address. The follow figure shows the three main address classes, including network and host sections of the address for each address type.

lass A

etwork Node

lass B

Network Node

lass C

Network Node

Figure 7-1: Three Main Address Classes

The five address classes are:

• Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range:

1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x.

• Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. A Class B address uses a 16-bit network number and a 16-bit node number. Class B addresses are in this range:

128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x.

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• Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node. They are in this range:

192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x.

• Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are in this range:

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

• Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use.

This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network.

For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also, the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned, but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address.

Netmask

In each of the address classes previously described, the size of the two parts (network address and host address) is implied by the class. This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically combined (using an AND operator) with an IP address, yields the network address. For instance, the netmasks for Class A, B, and C addresses are 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively.

For example, the address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits. When combined (using an AND operator) with the Class C netmask, as shown here, only the network portion of the address remains:

11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 (192.168.170.237)

combined with:

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0)

Equals:

11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 (192.168.170.0)

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As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward slash (/), as “/n.” In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.

Subnet Addressing

By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing.

Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.

lass B

Network Subnet Node

Figure 7-2: Example of Subnetting a Class B Address

A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For example, the IP

address of 172.16.0.0 is assigned, but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum, allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address. The IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as IP

network address 172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending

number of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing

the allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization.

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Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift one bit from the host address to the network address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.255.128. The first subnet has network number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.

Note: The number 192.68.135.127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address

of the first subnet. The number 192.68.135.128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet.

The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240.

Table 7-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet

Number of Bits Dotted-Decimal Value

1 128

2 192

3 224

4 240

5 248

6 252

7 254

8 255

The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted-decimal and the masklength

Table 7-2. Netmask Formats

Dotted-Decimal Masklength

255.0.0.0 /8

255.255.0.0 /16

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Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Table 7-2. Netmask Formats

255.255.255.0 /24

255.255.255.128 /25

255.255.255.192 /26

255.255.255.224 /27

255.255.255.240 /28

255.255.255.248 /29

255.255.255.252 /30

255.255.255.254 /31

255.255.255.255 /32

Configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons:

• So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets

When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.

• So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote

Private IP Addresses

If your local network is isolated from the Internet (for example, when using NAT), you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the IANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Choose your private network number from this range. The DHCP server of the MR814v2 router is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses.

Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines explained here. For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597,

Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) publishes RFCs on its Web site at

www.ietf.org.

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Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

In the past, if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously, you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP. This type of Internet account is more costly than a single-address account typically used by a single user with a modem, rather than a router. The MR814v2 router employs an address-sharing method called Network Address Translation (NAT). This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP.

The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet. The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses. For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation.

Private IP addresses assigned by user

IP addresses

92.168.0.2

92.168.0.3

92.168.0.4

92.168.0.5

Figure 7-3: Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105

assigned by ISP

Internet

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This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall-like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection. All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router. This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system. However, using port forwarding, you can allow one PC (for example, a Web server) on your local network to be accessible to outside users.

MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol

An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another. To send data between LAN devices, you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control (MAC) address. Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address, which is a 48-bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer. The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution. Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to resolve MAC addresses.

If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network. All stations on the network receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request. All other stations discard the request.

Domain Name Server

Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www.NETGEAR.com. This addressing is very helpful at the application level, but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource. Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers, or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, a domain name system (DNS) server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses.

When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name, it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource. The PC sends the desired message using the IP address. Many large organizations, such as ISPs, maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses.

IP Configuration by DHCP

When an IP-based local area network is installed, each PC must be configured with an IP address. If the PCs need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information. A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses, along with other information (such as gateway and DNS addresses) that it may assign to the other devices on the network. The MR814v2 router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server.

The MR814v2 router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP. The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address, subnet mask, DNS server addresses, and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP.

Internet Security and Firewalls

When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router, an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network. A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the process, the network behind the router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet. However, there are methods by which a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access. A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router.

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NETGEAR MR814v2 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Reference Manual for the MR814v2 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Contents

Audience

Typographical Conventions

Special Message Formats

Key Features of the Router

802.11b Standards-based Wireless Networking

A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering

Security

Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink™

Extensive Protocol Support

Easy Installation and Management

Maintenance and Support

Package Contents

The Router’s Front Panel

The Router’s Rear Panel

What You Will Need Before You Begin

Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements

Computer Network Configuration Requirements

Internet Configuration Requirements

Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?

Record Your Internet Connection Information

Connecting the MR814v2 to Your LAN

PPPoE Wizard-Detected Option

Telstra Bigpond Cable Wizard-Detected Option

Dynamic IP Wizard-Detected Option

Fixed IP Account Wizard-Detected Option

Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection

Considerations For A Wireless Network

Observe Performance, Placement, and Range Guidelines

Implement Appropriate Wireless Security

Understanding Wireless Settings

Restricting Wireless Access to Your Network

Restricting Access to Your Network by Turning Off Wireless Connectivity

Restricting Wireless Access Based on the Wireless Network Name (SSID)

Restricting Wireless Access Based on the Wireless Access List

Choosing Authentication and Security Encryption Methods

Authentication Scheme Selection

Encryption Strength Choices

How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity

How to Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address

Configure WEP

Content Filtering Overview

Blocking Access to Internet Sites

Blocking Access to Internet Services

Configuring a User Defined Service

Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range

Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced

Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access

Configuring E-Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications

Viewing Router Status Information

Viewing a List of Attached Devices

Upgrading the Router Software

Configuration File Management

Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration

Erasing the Configuration

Changing the Administrator Password

Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers

Adding a Custom Service

Editing or Deleting a Port Forwarding Entry

Local Web and FTP Server Example

Multiple Computers for Half Life, KALI or Quake III Example

Configuring the WAN Setup Options

Setting Up a Default DMZ Server

Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port

Setting the MTU Size

Using the LAN IP Setup Options

Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters

Using the Router as a DHCP server

Using Address Reservation

Using a Dynamic DNS Service

Configuring Static Routes

Enabling Remote Management Access

Using Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

Basic Functioning

Power LED Not On