Netgear MR314 Reference Guide

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

NETGEAR,Inc.

4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
Phone 1-888-NETGEAR

SM-MR314NA-1
July 2001

© 2001 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.

Trademarks

NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Netgear, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/orreliability, NETGEAR reserves the rightto
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radiation Exposure Statement

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. In order to
avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna shall not be
less than 20 cm (8 inches) during normal operation.

ii

Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations

This digital apparatus (Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router) does not exceed the Class B limits for radio-noise
emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.

EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance

This is to certify that the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router is shielded against the generation of radio
interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by
the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).

Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs

Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/
1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B.
Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der
Betriebsanleitung.

Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.

Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer

It is hereby certified that the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router has been suppressed in accordance with the
conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example,
test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the
notes in the operating instructions.

Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.

Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement

This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.

When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.

Customer Support

Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.

World Wide Web

NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL)
http://www.netgear.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer
or Netscape are required.

iii

iv

Contents

About This Guide

Technical Support ............................................................................................................xiii

Related Publications ........................................................................................................xiii

Typographical Conventions ............................................................................................. xv

Special Message Formats ............................................................................................... xv

Chapter 1
Introduction

About the Router ............................................................................................................1-1

Key Features ..................................................................................................................1-1

802.11b Standards-based Wireless Networking ......................................................1-3

Content Filtering .......................................................................................................1-3

Security ....................................................................................................................1-3

Autosensing 10/100 Ethernet ...................................................................................1-4

TCP/IP ......................................................................................................................1-4

Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................1-5

Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................1-5

Chapter 2
SettingUptheHardware

Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1

Local Network Hardware Requirements .........................................................................2-2

PC Requirements ..............................................................................................2-2

Access Device Requirement .............................................................................2-2

The Router’s Front Panel ...............................................................................................2-3

The Router’s Rear Panel ................................................................................................2-4

Connecting the Router ....................................................................................................2-5

Preparing your Wireless Devices .............................................................................2-5

Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network .............................................................2-5

Connecting to Your Internet Access Device .............................................................2-6

Connecting the Power Adapter ................................................................................2-6

Contents v

Verifying Power and Connections ............................................................................2-6

Chapter 3
Preparing Your Network

Preparing Your Personal Computers for IP Networking .................................................3-1

Configuring Windows 95 or later for IP Networking ........................................................3-2

Configuring TCP/IP Properties .................................................................................3-4

Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Windows) ...................................................................3-5

Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking .................................................................3-5

Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Macintosh) ..................................................................3-6

Your Internet Account .....................................................................................................3-7

Login Protocols ........................................................................................................3-7

Account Information .................................................................................................3-8

Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Windows) .........................................3-8

Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Macintosh) .......................................3-9

Ready for Configuration ................................................................................................3-10

Chapter 4
Basic Configuration of the Router

Configuring for Internet Access ......................................................................................4-1

Configuring for Content Filtering .....................................................................................4-9

E-Mail .....................................................................................................................4-10

Keyword .................................................................................................................4-11

Schedule ................................................................................................................4-12

Trusted ...................................................................................................................4-13

Logs .......................................................................................................................4-14

Chapter 5
Advanced Configuration of the Router

System Settings ..............................................................................................................5-1

System Tab ..............................................................................................................5-1

Dynamic DNS ...........................................................................................................5-2

Password .................................................................................................................5-2

LAN Setup ......................................................................................................................5-3

DHCP .......................................................................................................................5-3

LAN TCP/IP ..............................................................................................................5-4

Wireless LAN Setup .......................................................................................................5-5

General Wireless Setup ...........................................................................................5-6

vi Contents

Wireless Access Filter ..............................................................................................5-8

Wireless Security .....................................................................................................5-9

Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers ........................................................5-10

Local Web and FTP Server Example ...............................................................5-11

Local Game Host or Videoconference Example ..............................................5-12

Static Routes ................................................................................................................5-12

Static Route Example .............................................................................................5-14

Chapter 6
Maintenance

System Status ................................................................................................................6-1

DHCP Table ....................................................................................................................6-4

Software Upgrade ...........................................................................................................6-4

Configuration File Management .....................................................................................6-5

Restore and Backup the Configuration ....................................................................6-5

Erase the Configuration ...........................................................................................6-5

Loading Software and Configuration Files Using FTP ....................................................6-6

Updating Router Software Using FTP ................................................................6-6

Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP ...................................6-6

Using FTP from the WAN ..................................................................................6-7

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................6-7

Using the Default Reset button ................................................................................6-7

Chapter 7
Troubleshooting

Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................7-1

PWR LED Not On ....................................................................................................7-1

Test LED Never Blinks or LED Stays On .................................................................7-2

LNK/ACT or LNK LEDs Not On ................................................................................7-2

Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................7-3

Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................7-4

Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................7-5

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router .......................................................................7-5

Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................7-6

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................7-7

Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................7-7

Contents vii

Appendix A
Technical Specifications

Appendix B
Network and Routing Basics

Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1

What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-1

Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2

IP Addresses and the Internet ................................................................................. B-2

Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4

Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5

Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7

Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................. B-8

MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9

Domain Name Server .............................................................................................. B-9

IP Configuration by DHCP .................................................................................... B-10

Wireless Networking .....................................................................................................B-11

Wireless Network Configuration .............................................................................B-11

Ad-hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) .........................................................B-11

Infrastructure Mode .........................................................................................B-11

Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) ........................................................ B-12

Authentication and WEP Encryption ..................................................................... B-12

Wireless Channel Selection .................................................................................. B-13

Ethernet Cabling .......................................................................................................... B-15

Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-15

Cable Quality ......................................................................................................... B-16

Glossary
Index

viii Contents

Figure 2-1. MR314 Front Panel ..................................................................................2-3

Figure 2-2. MR314 Rear Panel ..................................................................................2-4

Figure 4-1. Login window ...........................................................................................4-2

Figure 4-2. Browser-based configuration main menu ................................................4-3

Figure 4-3. Browser-based Setup Wizard, first screen ...............................................4-4

Figure 4-4. Browser-based Setup Wizard, second screen .........................................4-5

Figure 4-5. Browser-based Setup Wizard, third screen .............................................4-6

Figure 4-6. Browser-based Setup Wizard, fourth screen ...........................................4-8

Figure 5-1. LAN Setup Menu ......................................................................................5-3

Figure 5-2. Wireless Setup Menu ...............................................................................5-6

Figure 5-3. Wireless Access Filter menu ....................................................................5-8

Figure 5-4. Port Forwarding Menu ...........................................................................5-10

Figure 5-5. Static Route Summary Table .................................................................5-12

Figure 5-6. Static Route Entry and Edit Menu ..........................................................5-13

Figure 5-7. Static Route Example ............................................................................5-15

Figure 6-1. System Status screen ..............................................................................6-1

Figure 6-2. Router Statistics screen ...........................................................................6-3

Figure 6-3. DHCP Table .............................................................................................6-4

Figure B-1. Three Main Address Classes .................................................................. B-3

Figure B-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ............................................. B-5

Figure B-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................ B-8

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x

Table 2-1. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-3

Table 4-1. Log entry descriptions ............................................................................4-14

Table 4-2. Log display buttons ................................................................................4-15

Table 5-1. Dynamic DNS configuration fields ...........................................................5-2

Table 5-2. DHCP Setup Fields .................................................................................5-4

Table 5-3. LAN TCP/IP Setup Fields .......................................................................5-4

Table 5-4. Wireless LAN Setup Fields .....................................................................5-6

Table 5-5. Port Table Entries (Example) .................................................................5-11

Table 5-6. Edit IP Static Route Fields ....................................................................5-13

Table 6-1. System Status fields ................................................................................6-2

Table 6-2. Router Statistics Fields ...........................................................................6-3

Table B-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet ................................ B-6

Table B-2. Netmask Formats .................................................................................... B-6

Table B-3. 802.11 Radio Frequency Channels ....................................................... B-13

Table B-4. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through ......................................... B-15

xi

xii

About This Guide

Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR™Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router.
The Model MR314 router provides continuous, high-speed 11 Mbps access between your wireless

and Ethernet devices. In addition, the Model MR314 router connects your entire network to the
Internetthrough an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that
is normally intended for use by a single PC.

Note:

If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing, refer to Appendix B, “Network

andRoutingBasics,” to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this

manual.

Technical Support

For help with any technical issues, contact Customer Support at 1-888-NETGEAR, or visit us on
the Web at www.NETGEAR.com. The NETGEAR Web site includes an extensive knowledge
base, answers to frequently asked questions, and a means for submitting technical questions
online.

Related Publications

As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further
information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet.
The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. The
documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www.ietf.org andaremirroredandindexedat
many other sites worldwide.

About This Guide xiii

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

For more information about address assignment, refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597,

Allocation for Private Internets,

and RFC 1466,

Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space

Address

For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address
Translator (NAT)

.

.

xiv AboutThis Guide

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Typographical Conventions

This guide uses the following typographical conventions:

italics

courier font Screen text, user-typed command-line entries.

Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names.
[Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation

[Ctrl]+C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text

ALL CAPS DOS file and directory names.

Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names.

[Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key.

linked with a plus (+) sign.

Special Message Formats

This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:

Note:

This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.

Caution:

equipment failure or loss of data.

This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent

Warning:

equipment damage.

Danger:

electrical shock if you mishandle the equipment.

About This Guide xv

This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or

This format is used to alert you that there is the potential for incurring an

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

xvi AboutThis Guide

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router
and discusses planning considerations for installation. The software version described is v3.26.

About the Router

The Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router provides continuous, high-speed 11 Mbps access
between your wireless and Ethernet devices. In addition, the Model MR314 router connects your
entire network to the Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem
or DSL modem) that is normally intended for use by a single PC.

The Model MR314 router provides you with multiple Webcontent filtering options, plus browsing
activity reporting and instant alerts -- both via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can
establishrestricted access policies based on time-of-day, Website addresses and address keywords,
and share high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal computers. Network
Address Translation (NAT) protects you from hackers.

With minimum setup, you can install and use the router w ithin minutes.

Key Features

The Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router provides the following features:

• 802.11b Standards-based wireless networking
– Wireless connectivity at 11 Mbps
– Built-in access point
– 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption security

Introduction 1-1

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

•Security
– Parental control of web browsing and newsgroup access using Web Address (URL)

keyword blocking
– Auditing and e-mail reporting of web browsing activities
– Blocking can be scheduled by day and time
– Network Address Translation (NAT) hides local PCs from the Internet
– Incoming port forwarding and DMZ for specific services

• Built in 4-port 10/100 Mbps Switch
– Allows LAN connections at 10 megabits per second (Mbps) or 100 M bps
– Autosensing for Ethernet (10BASE-T) or Fast Ethernet (100BASE-Tx) transmissions

TM

– Auto Uplink

(autosensing MDI/MDIX) configures each port for normal or uplink

connection

– Half-duplex or full-duplex operation

• Ethernet connection to a wide area network (WAN) device, such as a cable modem or DSL

modem

– RJ-45 interface allowing connection to a 10BASE-T device

• Protocol Support
–IProuting
– Dynamic extended Network Address Translation (NAT+) with port forwarding for

operation with a single static or dynamic IP address

– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server for dynamically assigning

network configuration information to PCs on the LAN

– DHCP client for dynamically obtaining configuration information from the Internet

Service Provider (ISP)
– DNS Proxy for simplified configuration
– PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) support

• Login capability
Automatically executes user login for
– RoadRunner cable modem service,
– PPP over Ethernet accounts, PPTP login (for European service providers)

1-2 Introduction

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

– BigPond service (for Telstra Australia)

• Easy, web-based setup for configuration

• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity

• Flash memory for firmware upgrade

• Five-year warranty, two years on power adapter

• Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day

802.11b Standards-based Wireless Networking

The Model MR314 router provides 11 Mbps wireless connectivity within a range of several
hundred feet, and acts as a bridge between your wired LAN and wireless PCs. The Model MR314
router supports 64-bit (sometimes referred to as 40-bit) and 128-bit WEP encryption security, and
works with any standards-based IEEE 802.11b products. WEP keywords may be entered manually
or generated by passphrase.

Content Filtering

With its content filtering features, the Model MR314 router prevents objectionable content from
reaching your PCs. Its content filtering features include:

• Content filtering by domain or keyword

The Model MR314 router uses content filtering to enforce your network’s Internet access
policies. The router allows you to control access to Internetcontent by screening for keywords
within Web URLs or newsgroup names.

• Logging of inappropriate use

You can configure the Model MR314 router to log access to Web sites and to e-mail the log to
you. You can also configure the router to send an immediate alert e-mail message to you
whenever a local user attempts to access a blocked Web site.

Security

The Model MR314 router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as
described in this section.

Introduction 1-3

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

• PCs Hidden by NAT

Network address translation (NAT) opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests
originating f rom the local network. Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded,
preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN.

• Port Forwarding with NAT

Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the
router allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number
of the incoming request, or to one designated “DMZ” host computer.

• Encryption of the Wireless Link

For security against eavesdropping of the wireless signal, the router supports IEEE 802.11b
standard 64-bit (sometimes referred to as 40-bit) and 128-bitWired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
data encryption with Shared Key authentication.

Autosensing 10/100 Ethernet

With its internal, 4-port 10/100 switch, the Model MR314 router can connect to either a 10 Mbps
standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. The local LAN interface is
autosensing and is capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.

The Model MR314 router incorporates Auto Uplink

TM

technology. Each LOCAL Ethernet port
will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a 'normal'
connection (e.g. connecting to a PC) or an 'uplink' connection (e.g. connecting to a router, switch,
or hub). That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration. This feature also
eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto Uplink

TM

will accommodate either

type of cable to make the right connection.

TCP/IP

The Model MR314 router supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
and Routing Information Protocol (RIP).

For further information about TCP/IP, refer to Appendix B, “Network and Routing Basics.”

• IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+

The Model MR314 router allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using
only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet
serviceprovider (ISP). This technique, an extension of NetworkAddress Translation (NAT), is
also known as IP address masquerading and allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP
account.

1-4 Introduction

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

• Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP

The Model MR314 router dynamically assigns network configuration information, including
IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration
of LAN-attached PCs.

• DNS Proxy

When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the router provides its own
address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The router obtains actual DNS addresses from
the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.

• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on
connection by simulating a dial-up connection.

Easy Installation and Management

You can install, configure, and operate the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router within
minutes after connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and
management tasks:

• Browser-based management

Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your router from almost any type
of personal computer, such as Windows,Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup Wizard is
provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web Management
Interface.

• Visual monitoring

The Model MR314 router’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and
activity.

Maintenance and Support

NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the Model MR314
router:

• Flash memory for firmware upgrade

• Five-year warranty, two years on power adapter.

• Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day

Introduction 1-5

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

1-6 Introduction

Chapter 2

Setting Up the Hardware

This chapter describes the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router hardware and provides
instructions for installing it.

Package Contents

The product package should contain the following items:

• Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

• ACpoweradapter,12VDCoutput

• Category 5 (Cat 5) Ethernet cable, straight-through wiring

• Model MR314 Resource CD, including:

— This guide
— Application Notes

• MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router Installation Guide

• Registration and Warranty Card

• Support Information Card
If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the

carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the router for repair.

Setting Up the Hardware 2-1

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Local Network Hardware Requirements

The Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router is intended for use in a network of personal
computers (PCs) that are interconnected by 802.11b-compliant wireless adapters or twisted-pair
Ethernet cables.

PC Requirements

To install and run the Model MR314 router over your network of PCs, each PC must have the
following:

• An installed 802.11b-compliant wireless adapter
OR

• An Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC).

For interconnecting your wired Ethernet devices, the Model MR314 router provides a 4-port
switch capable of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps operation. Links operating at 100 Mbps must
be connected with Category 5 cable.

Access Device Requirement

The shared broadband access device (cable modem or DSL modem) must provide a standard
10BASE-T Ethernet interface.

2-2 Setting Up the Hardware

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

The Router’s Front Panel

The front panel of the Model MR314 router (Figure 2-1) contains status LEDs.

Figure 2-1. MR314 Front Panel

You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Table 2-1 lists and describes each LED on
the front panel of the Model MR314 router. These LEDs are green when lit, except for the TEST
LED which is amber.

Table 2-1. LED Descriptions

Label Activity Description

PWR (Power) On

Off

TEST On

Off
Blinking

INTERNET (WAN)

LNK On The INTERNET port has detected a link with an attached device.
ACT (Activity) Blinking Data is being transmitted or received by the INTERNET port.

WIRELESS (LAN)

ON On The wireless circuit is functional.

Setting Up the Hardware 2-3

Power is supplied to the router.
Power is not supplied to the router.

The system is not ready or has failed to start up.
The system is ready and running.
The system is initializing.

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Table 2-1. LED Descriptions

ACT On Data is being tranmitted or received by the WIRELESS port.

LOCAL (LAN)

LNK/ACT
(Link/Activity)

100 (100 Mbps) On

On
Blinking

Off

The LOCAL port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being tranmitted or received by the LOCAL port.

The LOCAL port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The LOCAL port is operating at 10Mbps.

The Router’s Rear Panel

The rear panel of the Model MR314 router (Figure 2-2) contains port connections, power
connection, and an antenna:

Figure 2-2. MR314 Rear Panel

The rear panel contains the following features:

•Antenna

• 12 VDC power adapter outlet

• Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem

• Four Local Ethernet ports for connecting the router to local PCs

• Factory Default Reset pushbutton

• Ground lug

2-4 Setting Up the Hardware

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Connecting the Router

Before using your router, you need to do the following:

• Prepare your wireless devices.

• Connect your local Ethernet network to the LOCAL port(s) of the router (described next).

• Connect your cable or DSL modem to the INTERNET port of the router (see page 2-6).

• Connect the power adapter (see page 2-6).

Preparing your Wireless Devices

Unclip the antenna from its holding clip on the rear panel of your router, and rotate it to a vertical
position.

Detailed instructions on configuring your wireless devices for TCP/IP networking are provided in
the next chapter. However, if you already have a functioningwireless network and you wish to use
a wireless PC to initially configure the router, you will need to change the settings of that PC to
match the default settings of the router:

• The ESSID should be Wireless (note the capitalization).

• WEP encryption is disabled.

• Your IP address must be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254, with a netmask of

255.255.255.0.

Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network

The Model MR314 router incorporates a four-port switch for connection to your local Ethernet
network. The Ethernet ports are marked LOCAL, and are capable of operation at either 10 Mbps
(10BASE-T) or 100 Mbps (100BASE-Tx), depending on the Ethernet interface of the attached PC,
hub, or switch. For any connection which will operate at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5
(Cat 5) rated cable, such as the Ethernet cable included with the router.

To connect the Model MR314 router to your LAN:

• Connect up to four PCs directly to any of the four LOCAL ports of the router using standard

Ethernet cables.

If your local network consists of more than four hosts, you will need to connect your router to
another hub or switch:

Setting Up the Hardware 2-5

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

• Connect any LOCAL port of your Model MR314 router to any port of an Ethernet hub or

switch using a standard or crossover Ethernet cable.
Because the Model MR314 router is capable of automatically sensing the polarity of the

Ethernet connection, you can connect to the other hub’s normal or uplink port, using a
standard or crossover Ethernet cable. The LOCAL port of your Model MR314 router will
automatically configure itself for proper operation.

Connecting to Your Internet Access Device

To connect the router to the Internet (or WAN):

1.

Using the Ethernet cable provided with your cable modem or DSL modem, connect the
router’s INTERNET port to the 10BASE-T Ethernet port on your modem.

Note:

The attached modem device must provide a standard 10BASE-T Ethernet connection. The
Model MR314 router does not include a cable for this connection. Instead, use the Ethernet cable
provided with your access device or any other standard 10BASE-T Ethernet cable. If you are using
a DSL modem, the m odem’s connection to the phone line remains unchanged.

Note:

The Ethernet cable supplied by your ISP for connecting to your cable or DSL modem may
be an Ethernet crossover cable rather than a straight-through cable. It is importantto use this cable
to connect the modem to your router, not to connect your PCs to your router.

Connecting the Power Adapter

To connect the router to the power adapter:

1.

Plug the connector of the power adapter into the 12 V DC adapter outlet on the rear panel of the
router.

2.

Plug the other end of the adapter into a standard wall outlet.

3.

Verify that the PWR LED on the router is lit.

Verifying Power and Connections

After applying power to the router, complete the following steps to verify that power is correctly
applied:

1.

When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on.

2.

Verify that the TEST LED begins to blink within a few seconds.

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

3.

After approximately 30 seconds, verify that:

a.

The TEST LED is not lit.

b.

The WIRELESS ON LED is lit.

c.

The LOCAL LNK/ACT LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.

d.

The INTERNET LNK LED is lit.

If a LNK or LNK/ACT LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device.

4.

If a LOCAL port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the 100 LED is lit.

You are now ready to begin configuration of your network, as described in the following chapter.

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2-8 Setting Up the Hardware

Chapter 3

Preparing Your Network

This chapter describes how to prepare your PC network to connect to the Internet through the
Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router and how to order broadband Internet service from an
Internet service provider (ISP).

Preparing Your Personal Computers for IP Networking

The Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router uses the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP). In order to access the Internet through the router, each PC on your network
must have TCP/IP installed and selected as the networking protocol.

Note:

In this chapter, we use the term “PC” to refer to personal computers in general, and not
necessarily Windows computers.

Most operating systems include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on
your PC:

®

• Windows

establishing a TCP/IP network.

• Windows 3.1 does not include a TCP/IP component. You need to purchase a third-party TCP/

IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon.

• Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a

TCP/IP network.

• All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP/IP components.

Preparing Your Network 3-1

95 or later (including Windows NT®) includes the software components for

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Follow the instructions provided w ith your operating system or networking software to install
TCP/IP on your computer. Although TCP/IP is built into the Windows operating system (starting
with Windows 95), you need to enable and configure it as described in “Configuring Windows 95

or later for IP Networking”onpage 3-2. To configure the Macintosh, see “Configuring the
Macintosh for IP Networking on page 3-5.

In your IP network, all PCs and the router must be assigned IP addresses. Each PC must also have
certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a domain name server
(DNS) address, and a default gateway address. In most cases, you should install TCP/IP so that the
PC obtains its specific network configuration information from a DHCP server during bootup. For
a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items, refer to

Appendix B, “Network and Routing Basics.”

The Model MR314 router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server. The router assigns the
following TCP/IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted:

• PC or workstation IP addresses—192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.31

• Subnet mask—255.255.255.0

• Gateway address (the router)—192.168.0.1
These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks.

Configuring Windows 95 or later for IP Networking

As part of the PC preparation process, you need to manually install and configure TCP/IP on each
networked PC. Before starting, locate your Windows CD; you may need to insert it during the
TCP/IP installation process.

To configure Microsoft

1.

On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

2.

Double-click the Network icon.
The Network window opens, which displays a list of installed components:

3-2 Preparing Your Network

®

Windows 95 or later for IP networking:

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

You must have a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks.

Note:

It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the
Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft
Networks.

Ifyouneedtheadapter:

a.

Click the Add button.

b.

Select Adapter, and then click Add.

c.

Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter, and then click OK.

If you need TCP/IP:

a.

Click the Add button.

b.

Select Protocol, and then click Add.

c.

Select Microsoft.

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d.

Select TCP/IP, and then click OK.

If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:

a.

Click the Add button.

b.

Select Client, and then click Add.

c.

Select Microsoft.

d.

Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK.

3.

Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.

Configuring TCP/IP Properties

After the TCP/IP protocol components are installed, each PC must be assigned specific
information about itself and resources that are available on its network. The simplest way to
configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from the internal DHCP
server of the Model MR314 router.

Note:

If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of a broadband
modem, or if you configuredit using instructions provided by your ISP, you may need to
copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your router.
Refer to “Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Windows)”onpage 3-8 or

“Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Macintosh)”onpage 3-9 for further

information.

If you are using DHCP with the recommended default addresses, you can configure your PCs by
following these steps:

1.

Install TCP/IP on each PC, leaving t he PC configured to obtain configuration settings
automatically (by DHCP).

2.

In the wireless adapter configuration of your wireless-interfaced PCs, set the ESSID to the
router’s default ESSID: Wireless (note the capitalization). Disable W EP encryption.

3.

Connect your Ethernet-interfaced PCs to the router.

4.

Restart the router and allow it to boot.

5.

Restart each PC.

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Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Windows)

After your PC is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration using the
Windows 95, 98, and Millenium utility winipcfg.exe (for Windows NT systems, use ipconfig.exe).

To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration:

1.

On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.
The Run window opens.

2.

Type winipcfg, and then click OK.
The IP Configurationwindow opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet

mask, and default gateway.

3.

Select your network adapter.
The window is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are

using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends:

• The IP address is between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.31

• The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

• The default gateway is 192.168.0.1

Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking

Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7, TCP/IP is already installed on the Macintosh. On
each networked Macintosh, you will need to configure TCP/IP to use DHCP by following these
steps:

1.

From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.

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The TCP/IP Control Panel opens:

2.

From the “Connect via” box, select your Macintosh’s Ethernet interface.

3.

From the “Configure” box, select Using DHCP Server.
You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty.

4.

Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

5.

Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network.

Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Macintosh)

After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration by
returning to the TCP/IP Control Panel. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.

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The panel is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are using
the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends:

• The IP Address is between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.31

• The Subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

• The Router address is 192.168.0.1

If you do not see these values, you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch
the “Configure” setting to a different option, then back again to “Using DHCP Server”.

Your Internet Account

For access to the Internet, you need to contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a
single-user Internet access account using an external broadband access device such as a cable
modem or DSL modem. This modem must be a separate physical box (not a card) and must
provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a PC.

For a single-user Internet account, your ISP supplies TCP/IP configuration information for one
PC. With a typical account, much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned w hen
your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP, and you will not need to know that dynamic
information.

In order to share the Internet connection among several computers, your router takes the place of
the single PC, and you need to configure it with the TCP/IP information that the single PC would
normally use. When the router’s WAN port is connected to the broadband modem, the router
appears to be a single PC to the ISP. The router then allows the PCs on the local network to
masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem. The method
used by the router to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation (NAT) or IP
masquerading.

Login Protocols

Some ISPs require a special login protocol. In this case, you will need to know what type of
protocol is used, and you will need a login name and password. Some common protocols are:

• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Two common PPPoE clients are WinPOET and EnterNet.

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• RoadRunner
Not all RoadRunner service areas require a login protocol. If your ISP is RoadRunner, you
should ask whether your PC must run a RoadRunner login program.

•PPTP
PPTP is a VPN client, but it is also used in Europe by Alcatel's ANT system and others as an
account login client.

• BigPond Authentication

After your network a nd router are configured, the router will perform the login task when needed,
and you will no longer need to login from your PC.

Account Information

Unless these items are dynamically assigned by the ISP, your ISP should give you the following
basic information for your account:

• An IP address and subnet mask

• A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router

• One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses

• Host name and domain suffix
For example, your account’s full server names may look like this:

mail.xxx.yyy.com

In this example, the domain suffix is xxx.yyy.com.

If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP, your router automatically acquires them.
If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem, or if you
configured it using instructions provided by your ISP, you need to copy configuration information
from your PC’s Network TCP/IP Properties window (or Macintosh TCP/IP Control Panel) before
reconfiguring your PC for use with the router. These procedures are described next.

Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Windows)

As mentioned above, you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you
can use this information when you configure the Model MR314 router. Following this procedure is
only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information.

To get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access:

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

1.

On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

2.

Double-click the Network icon.
The Network window opens, which displays a list of installed components.

3.

Select TCP/IP, and then click Properties.
The TCP/IP Properties dialog box opens.

4.

Select the IP Address tab.
If an IP address and subnet mask are shown, write down the information. If an address is

present, your account uses a fixed (static) IP address. If no address is present, your account
uses a dynamically-assigned IP address. Click “Obtain an IP address automatically”.

5.

Select the Gateway tab.
If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways, write down the address. This is the ISP’s

gateway address. Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address.

6.

Select the DNS Configuration tab.
If any DNS server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. If any information appears

in the Host or Domain information box, write it down. Click Disable DNS.

7.

Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP/IP Properties dialog box.
You are returned to the Network window.

8.

Click OK.

9.

Reboot your PC at the prompt. You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD.

Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Macintosh)

As mentioned above, you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so
that you can use this information when you configure the Model MR314 router. Following this
procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information.

To get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access:

1.

From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
The TCP/IP Control Panel opens, which displays a list of configuration settings. If the

“Configure” setting is “Using DHCP Server”, your account uses a dynamically-assigned IP
address. In this case, close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section.

2.

If an IP address and subnet mask are shown, write down the information.

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

3.

If an IP address appears under Router address, write down the address. This is the ISP’s
gateway address.

4.

If any Name Server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. These are your ISP’sDNS
addresses.

5.

If any information appears in the Search domains information box, write it down.

6.

Change the “Configure” setting to “Using DHCP Server”.

7.

Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

Ready for Configuration

After configuring all of your PCs for TCP/IP networking and connecting them to the LOCAL
network of your Model MR314 router, you are ready to access and configurethe router. Proceed to
the next chapter.

3-10 Preparing Your Network

Chapter 4

Basic Configuration of the Router

This chapter describes how to perform the basic configuration of your Model MR314 Cable/DSL
Wireless Router using the Setup Wizard, which walks you through the configuration process for
your Internet connection. This chapter also describes the configuration for content filtering and
reporting.

Configuring for Internet Access

In order to use the browser-based Web Configuration Manager,your PC must have a web browser
program installed such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Because the
Configuration Manager uses Java, your Web browser must be Java-enabled and support HTTP
uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Netscape Navigator 3.0 or above. Free browser programs
are readily available for Windows, Macintosh, or UNIX/Linux.

If you will be using a wireless-connected PC to initially configure t he router, you must access the
PC’s wireless adapter configuration and set the ESSID to the router’s default ESSID: Wireless
(note the capitalization). Also, you must disable WEP encryption.

To configure for Internet access using your browser:

1.

Turn on the router and wait for initialization to complete.
Allow at least one minute and verify that the TEST LED is off.

2.

Reboot your PC to obtain DHCP configuration from the router.

3.

Launch your web browser.

4.

In the Address box of your browser, type http://192.168.0.1 and press ENTER.

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A login window opens as shown in Figure 4-1 below:.

Figure 4-1. Login window

This screen may have a different appearance in other browsers.

5.

Type admin in the User Name box, 1234 in the Password box, and then click OK.
If your router password was previously changed, enter the current password.

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

6.

In the opening screen, shown in Figure 4-2, select WIZARD SETUP.

Figure 4-2. Browser-based configuration main menu

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

7.

In the first Wizard screen, enter your account’s Host Name a nd Domain Name, as shown in

Figure 4-3 below:

Figure 4-3. Browser-based Setup Wizard, first screen

These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s servicessuch as mail or news servers.
If you leave the Domain Name field blank, the router will attempt to learn the domain
automatically from the ISP. If this is not successful, you will need to enter it manually.

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

8.

ClickonNexttogototheWirelessLANSetupscreen,showninFigure 4-4 below:

Figure 4-4. Browser-based Setup Wizard, second screen

This screen configures the basic parameters of your wireless interface:

a.

ESSID: All wireless-connected devices on your network must be configured with the
same ESSID in order to communicate with each other. The default is Wireless (note the
capitalization).

For network security, you should change the ESSID to a different value, up to 32
characters. The change will take effect when you finish the Wizard Setup. At that time you
must change the ESSID setting of all wireless-connected devices on your network to
match this setting.

b.

Channel: The default wireless Channel is 1. It should not be necessary to change the
wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access
point.

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9.

ClickonNexttogototheISPParametersscreen,showninFigure 4-5 below:

Figure 4-5. Browser-based Setup Wizard, third screen

This screen determines whether a login program will be run.

a.

If your service provider does not require a login program, leave Encapsulation as Ethernet
and proceed to Step 10.

b.

If your service provider uses PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), select Encapsulation as PPPoE,
and enter these additional parameters:

• If your connection supports multiple ISPs, enter the Service Name of the one you use.
Otherwise leave Service Name blank.

• Enter the PPPoE login user name and password provided by your ISP. These fields are
case sensitive.

• If you wish to change the login timeout, enter a new value in seconds.

Proceed to Step 10.

c.

European users only: If your service provider uses Alcatel's ANT (ADSL Network
Termination) with PPTP as a login method, select Encapsulation as PPTP, and enter these
additional parameters:

• Enter the PPTP login user name and password provided by your ISP. These fields are
case sensitive.

• If you wish to change the login timeout, enter a new value in seconds.

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• If provided by your ISP, enter your PPTP IP Address and the Server IP Address of
their PPTP Server.

• If provided by your ISP, enter the Connection ID/Name for your service. Otherwise
leave this field blank.

Proceed to Step 10.

d.

If your service provider is RoadRunner AND you are required to run a RoadRunner login
program, leave Encapsulation as Ethernet and select Service Type as either RR-Manager
or RR-Toshiba. Enter these additional parameters:.

• If your cable modem is Toshiba, select RR-Toshiba. Otherwise select RR-Manager.

• Enter the user name and password provided by your ISP. These fields are case
sensitive.

• If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address, enter it as Login Server IP
address. Otherwise, leave this field as 0.0.0.0.

Not all R oadRunner regions require a login program. If your region does not require a
login, leave Service Type as Standard.

Proceed to Step 10.

e.

Australia only: If your service provider is Telstra Bigpond, select Service Type as
Bigpond/Telstra, and enter these additional parameters:

• Enter the login user name and password provided by Bigpond. These fields are case
sensitive.

• If Bigpond provided an authentication server address, enter it as Login Server IP
address. Otherwise, leave this field as 0.0.0.0.

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10.

ClickonNexttogotothefinalWizardscreenshowninFigure 4-6 below.

Figure 4-6. Browser-based Setup Wizard, fourth screen

This screen provides setup for the following parameters:

a.

WAN IP Address Assignment: Unless your ISP has assigned a fixedpermanent IP address
for your use, select "Get automatically from ISP". Otherwise, enter your IP Address,
Subnet Mask, and the IP Address of your ISP’s gateway router.

b.

DNS Server Address Assignment: If you know that your ISP does not automatically
transmit DNS addresses to the router during login, select “DNS IP Fixed Address” and
enter the IP address of the ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address
is available, enter it also.

A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www
addresses)to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or
two DNS servers to your router during login. If the ISP does not transfer an address, you
must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here. If you enter an address here, you
should reboot your PCs after configuring the router.

c.

WAN MAC address: If your ISP allows access by only one specific PC’s Ethernet MAC
address, select "Spoof this PC’s MAC address" and enter the IP address of that PC.

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• For convenience, the IP address of the PC you are now using should already appear. If
this is not the PC whose MAC address is to be used, enter that PC's IP address.

• Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in
your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept trafficfrom the
MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC by
using its MAC address.

11.

ClickonFinish.

Note:

If you are configuring the router from a wireless PC and you have changed the router’s
ESSID during the Wizard configuration, you will now lose your wireless connection. You
must change the ESSID configuration of your PC to match the router’s new ESSID.

12.

Click on the NETGEAR website address to test your Internet connection.
If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute, refer to Chapter 7,

“Troubleshooting”.

Your router is now configured to provide Internet access for your network. When your router and
PCs are configured correctly, your router automatically accesses the Internet when one of your
LAN devices requires access. It is not necessary to run a dialer application such as Dial-Up
Networking or RoadRunner Login to connect,log in, or disconnect. These functions are performed
by the router as needed.

To access the Internet from any PC connected to your router, launch a browser such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. You should see the router’s Internet LED blink,
indicating communication to the ISP. The browser should begin to display a Web page.

The next section describes how to configure the security features of your router.

Configuring for Content Filtering

The Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router provides you with Web content filtering options,
plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail. Parents and network administrators
can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, web and newsgroup addresses and
web and newsgroup address keywords.

To configure these features of your router, click on the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the
browser interface. From the subheadings shown, click on Content Filter. The tabs described below
contain the settings for content filtering.

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E-Mail

In order to receive logs and alerts by email, you must provide your email information in the E-Mail
tab:

•MailServer
Specifies the name of your outgoing (SMTP) mail server. Youcan enter either the server name
(such as mail.myISP.com) or its IP Address. If you leave this box blank, log and alert
messages are not sent via e-mail.

•E-mailTo
Specifies the e-mail address to which logs and alerts are sent. This e-mail address will be used
as the From address. If you leave this box blank, the log is not sent via e-mail to any address.

You can specify that logs are automatically sent to the specified e-mail address with these options:

• Send immediate alert upon attempted access to a blocked site
Check this box if you would like immediate notification of inappropriate access attempts.

• Log Schedule
Specifies how often to send the logs: Hourly, Daily, Weekly, or When Full.

• Day for Sending Log
Specifies which day of the week to send the log. Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily.

• Time for Sending Log
Specifies the time of day to send the log, using 23:59 notation. Relevant when the log is sent
daily.

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•TimeZone
Specify your local time zone and click Apply. This setting will be used for the blocking
schedule and also for time-stamping log entries.

• Daylight Savings Time
Check this box if your time zone is currently under daylight savings time.

If the Weekly, Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log fills up before the specified period,
the log is automatically e-mailed to the specified e-mail address. A fter the log is sent, the log is
cleared from the router’smemory. If the router cannot e-mail the log file, the log buffer may fill up.
In this case, the router overwrites the log and discards its contents.

The Model MR314 router uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time and
date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. This menu displays the current
time.

Keyword

The Model MR314 router allows you to restrict access based on web and newsgroup addresses and
web and newsgroup address keywords. Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The
Keyword tab is shown below:

To enable keyword blocking, check Enable Keyword Blocking, then click Apply. Be sure that a
time period for blocking is specified on the Schedule setup screen.

To add a keyword or domain, type it in the Keyword box, click Add Keyword, then click Apply.

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To delete a keyword or domain, select it from the list, click Delete Keyword, then click Apply.
Keyword application examples:

• If the keyword "XXX" is specified, the URL <http://www.badstuff.com/xxx.html>is blocked,
as is the NNTP newsgroup alt.XXX.

• If the keyword “.com” is specified, only websites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or
.gov) can be viewed.

• If you wish to block all Internet browsing access during a scheduled period, enter the keyword
“.” and set the schedule in the Schedule menu.

Schedule

The Model MR314 router allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced. The Schedule tab
is shown below:

• Days to Block
Select days to block by checking the appropraite boxes. Select Everyday to check the boxes
for all days. Click Apply.

•TimeofDaytoBlock
Select a start and end time in 23:59 format. Select All day for 24 hour blocking. Click Apply.

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Trusted

The Model MR314 router allows you to specify one Trusted User, which is a PC that will be
exempt from blocking and logging. Since the Trusted User will be identified by an IP address, you
should configure that PC with a fixed IP address.

The Trusted tab is shown below.

To specify a Trusted User, enter that PC’s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply.

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Logs

The log is a detailed record of what websites you have accessed or attempted to access. Up to 128
entries are stored in the log. Log entries will only appear when keyword blocking is enabled, and
no log entries will be made for the Trusted User.

Log entries are described in Table 4-1

Table 4-1. Log entry descriptions

Field Description

No. The index number of the content filter log entries. 128 entries

are available numbered from 0 to 127. The log will keep the
record of the latest 128 entries.

Time and Entry Thetime the log entry was recorded. Below the time is the name

or IP address of the website visited or attempted to access.
Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry.
Action This field displays whether the packet was blocked, forwarded,

or neither (BLOCK, FORWARD, or NONE). "NONE" means

that no action is dictated by this rule.

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Log viewing buttons are described in Table 4-2

Table 4-2. Log display buttons

Field Description

Previous Page Click this button to view the previous log page.
Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen.
Clear Click this button to clear the log entries.

Next Page

Click this button to view the next log page.

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4-16 Basic Configuration of the Router

Chapter 5

Advanced Configuration of the Router

This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your Model MR314 Cable/DSL
Wireless Router. These features can be found by clicking on the Advanced heading in the Main
Menu of the browser interface.

System Settings

The first feature category under the Advanced heading is System settings. These are general
purpose settings.

System Tab

The System Tab contains fields for setting the System (Host) Name and Domain Name. These
parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers.

•SystemName
This is the host or account name given by your ISP for naming your PC. It is often the primary
email name of your account.This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces
are not allowed, but dashes "-" and underscores "_" are accepted.

•DomainName
This is the extended domain suffix that follows your ISP server names. For example, if your
ISP’s mail server is mail.sfbay.myISP.com, then your Domain Name is sfbay.myISP.com.

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Dynamic DNS

Your router supports Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS). In a Dynamic DNS service, an IP
registry server provides a public central database where dynamically-assignedIP addresses can be
stored and retrieved by hostname lookup. The Dynamic DNS server also stores
password-protected e-mail addresses along with IP addresses and hostnames and accepts queries
based on e-mail addresses.

To utilize this service, you must register with the Dynamic DNS service provider, who will give
you a password or key. At this time, the Model MR314 router only supports DynDNS service. For
more information, visit www.dyndns.org.

The configuration fields for Dynamic DNS are shown in Table 5-1:

Table 5-1. Dynamic DNS configuration fie lds

Field Description

Active Use this field to activate or deactivate dynamic DNS registration.
Service Provider Select a dynamic DNS service provider.
Host Name Enter the static host name that will link to your dynamic IP address.
E-Mail Address Enter your email address for administrative contact.
User Enter the user name of your dynamic DNS account.
Password Enter the password of your dynamic DNS account.
Enable Wildcard DynDNS.org allows the use of wildcards in resolvingyour URL.

Enabling the wildcard feature for your host will cause

*.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as
yourhost.dyndns.org.

Password

Select the Password tab to change your router’s management password. This is the password to
access the router for configuration, not for Internet access. To change the password, first enter the
old password, and then enter the new password twice. Click Apply.

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LAN Setup

The second feature category under the Advanced heading is LAN Setup. This menu allows
configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP. From the Main Menu of the browser
interface, under Advanced, click on LAN t o view the LAN Setup menu, shown in Figure 5-1

Figure 5-1. LAN Setup Menu

DHCP

The Model MR314 router have the capability to act as a DHCP server, allowing them to assign IP,
DNS, and default gateway addresses to attached PCs. The assigned default gateway address is the
LAN address of the router. IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of
addresses specified in this menu. Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid
duplicate addresses on the LAN.

See “IP Configuration by DHCP”onpage B-10 for an explanation of DHCP and information
about how to assign IP addresses for your network.

For most applications, the default DHCP and TCP/IP settings of the router are satisfactory. These
default settings are:

• DHCP server enabled with 32 client addresses starting from 192.168.0.1.

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Table 5-2 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up DHCP parameters..

Table 5-2. DHCP Setup Fields

Field Description

DHCP Server: If this box is checked, the router acts as a DHCP server.

If this box is cleared, the router’s DHCP server is disabled.
Pool Starting Address The beginning of the range of IP addresses to assign.
Count The number of sequential addresses available for assignment to

attached hosts. The maximum is 32.
Primary DNS Server If you want the router to provide the Primary DNS Server address to

attached hosts, enter the DNS address in this field. If this field is 0.0.0.0,

the router assigns its own address as DNS Server, and performs a DNS

Proxy if it can obtain a DNS address from the ISP.
Secondary DNS Server If you want the router to assign the Secondary DNS Server address

to attached hosts, enter the address in this field.

LAN TCP/IP

Table 5-3 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up TCP/IP parameters for the LAN..

Table 5-3. LAN TCP/IP Setup Fields

Field Description

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address Enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the router in dotted-decimal

notation (four 8-bit numbers, between 0 and 255, separated by periods,

for example, 192.168.0.1). Every device o n the TCP/IP network must

have a unique IP address.
IP Subnet Mask An IP address consists of two parts, the network ID and the host ID. The

IP Subnet Mask specifies the network ID portion of the address, written

in dotted-decimal notation. The router automatically calculatesthis mask

for the class of the IP address that you assign. Unless you have a

special need for subnetting,use the default subnet mask calculated by

the router. All hosts on the LAN segment should use the same mask.

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Table 5-3. LAN TCP/IP Setup Fie lds (continued)

Field Description

RIP Direction This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing

Information Protocol). RIP allows the router to exchange routing

information with other routers. If set to None (default), the router does

not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers. If set to Both, the

router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and

incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table. If set

to In Only,the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN. If set to

Out Only, the router broadcasts its routing table, but it ignores any RIP

broadcast packets that it receives. Usually,you should leave this

parameter at the default (None)

RIP Version Thisfield determines the format and broadcasting method of any RIP

(RoutingInformation Protocol) transmissions by the router. The following

RIP options are supported by the Model MR314 router:

• RIP-1—The router sends RIP-1 messages only.

• RIP-2B—The router sends RIP-2 messages in broadcast format.

• RIP-2M—The router sends RIP-2 messages in multicast format.

For most applications, the recommended version is RIP-1.

Multicast Some streaming media applications (e.g. Cisco IP/TV, RealPlayer) now

support IP Multicast. Toenable Multicast routing, select either IGMP-v1

or IGMP-v2.

.

Note:

If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the
browser or Telnet, you will be disconnected. You must then open a new connection to
the new IP address and log in again.

Wireless LAN Setup

The third feature category under the Advanced heading is Wireless LAN Setup, allowing
configuration of the wireless link.

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General Wireless Setup

From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Wireless to view the
Wireless Setup menu, shown in Figure 5-2

Figure 5-2. Wireless Setup Menu

Table 5-4 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up Wireless parameters..

Table 5-4. Wireless LAN Setup Fields

Field Description

ESSID Extended Service Set ID: Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric

characters. The same ESSID must be assigned to all wireless devices in
your network. The default ESSID is Wireless.

Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used. It should

not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice
interference problems with another nearby access point. The default
wireless Channel is 1.

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Table 5-4. Wireless LAN Setup Fields (continued)

Field Description

RTS Threshold Request To Send Threshold: The threshold (number of bytes) for

enabling RTS/CTS handshake. Packets with frame size larger than this
valuewill performthe RTS/CTShandshake. Setting this field to be larger
than the maximum MSDU (MAC service data unit) size will turn off the
RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this field to zero will turn on the RTS/CTS
handshake.The default value for RTS Threshold is 2432. To change this
value, uncheck the Default box and enter a value between 0 and 2432.

Fragment Threshold Packets larger than the size specified in this field will be fragmented and

transmitted in fragments of a size not exceeding this value. The
Fragment Threshold value must be larger than RTS Threshold value.
The default value for RTS Threshold is 2432. Tochange this value,
uncheck the Default box and enter a value between 256 and 2432.

WEP Configuration

WEP Encryption Select the WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Encryption level:

• Disabled (Open System)

• 64-bit (sometimes called 40-bit) encryption

• 128-bit encryption

WEP Key Generator

Passphrase

Key1 to Key4
(Manual Entry)

If WEP is enabled, you can generate the four data encryption keys by
entering a word or group of printable characters, and clicking Create.

If WEP is enabled, you can manually program the four data encryption
keys. These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in
your network. Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f,
or A-F)

Note:

If you are configuring the router from a wireless PC and you change the router ’s
ESSID or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you click on
Apply. You must then change the wireless settings of your PC to match the router’s new
settings.

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Wireless Access Filter

An additional menu of the Wireless Setup allows you to restrict access to the wireless network to
only allow specific PCs. The Wireless Access Filter menu shown in Figure 5-3.

Figure 5-3. Wireless Access Filter menu

To restrict access using this menu:

a.

Enable the Wireless Access Filter by clicking the Yes button.

b.

Obtain the Ethernet MAC address of the wireless interface card of each authorized PC.
This address is usually printed on the card itself, or it may appear in the router’s DHCP
table.

c.

Enter each MAC address into the Filter table.

d.

If desired, you can enter a descriptive name or label to identify each PC for reference.

e.

Click Apply.

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Wireless Security

Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can extend beyond your walls and
can be received by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, NETGEAR strongly
recommendsthat you make use of the security features of your wireless equipment. As a minimum
security precaution, you should change the ESSID setting of all devices on your network from the
factory setting to a unique password. Restricting access by MAC address filtering adds another
obstacle against unwanted hosts joining your network.

To hinder a determined eavesdropper, you should enable Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data
encryption.However, there may be a significant degradation of the data throughput on the wireless
link when WEP is enabled.

For further information on wireless networking, refer to “Wireless Networking”inAppendix B,

“Network and Routing Basics.”

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Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers

Although the router causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet,
you can make local servers for differentservices (for example, FTP or HTTP) visible and available
to the Internet. This is done using the PORTS menu. From the Main Menu of the browser
interface, under Advanced, click on PORTS to view the port forwarding screen, shown in

Figure 5-4

Figure 5-4. Port Forwarding Menu

Requested services are identified by port numbers in an incoming IP packet. For example, a packet
that is sent to the external IP address of your router and destined for port number 80 is an HTTP
(Web server) request, and port 21 is an FTP request. Examples of port numbers are shown at the
top of the PORTS menu, although you are not limited to these choices. See IETF RFC1700,
“Assigned Numbers,” for port numbers for common protocols..

Note:

Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically
check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at
your location. If you are unsure, refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP.

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Use the PORTS menu to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to IP addresses on
your local network based on the port number. In addition to servers for specific protocols, you can
also specify a Default (also called DMZ) Server to which all other incoming protocols are
forwarded. To configure port forwarding to a local server:

1.

Enter a port number in an unused Start Port box.

2.

To forward only one port, enter it again in the End Port box. To specify a range of ports, enter
the last port to be forwarded in the End Port box.

3.

Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box.

4.

Click Apply at the bottom of the menu.

Local Web and FTP Server Example

If a local PC, with a private address of 192.168.0.33, acts as a Web and FTP server, configure the
PORTS menu to forward ports 80 (HTTP) and 21 (FTP) to local address 192.168.0.33 as shown in

Table 5-5.

Table 5-5. Port Table Entries (Example)

Port # Server IP Address

Default 0.0.0.0
80 (HTTP) 192.168.0.33
21 (FTP) 192.168.0.33

In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet, the remote user must know the IP
address that has been assigned by your ISP. If this address is 172.16.1.23, for example, an Internet
user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http://172.16.1.23. The assigned IP
address can be found in the Maintenance Status Menu, where it is shown as the WAN IP Address.

Some considerations for this application are:

• If your account’s IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change
periodically as the DHCP lease expires.

• If the IP address of the local PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is rebooted.
To avoid this, change the configuration of your PCs to use fixed private addresses rather than
DHCP-assigned addresses.

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• Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs’ local LAN address (192.168.0.33 in this
example). Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external IP address
(172.16.1.23 in this example) will fail.

Local Game Host or Videoconference Example

Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT. The
Model MR314 router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work
properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well. In some cases,
one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’sIP address is entered as the default in
the PORTS Menu. If one local PC acts as a game or videoconference host, enter its IP address
as the default.

Static Routes

The fourth feature category under the Advanced heading is Static Route, which allows
configuration of additional routing information. Under normal circumstances, the router has
adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access, and you do not need
to configure additional static routes. You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such
as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network.

From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Static Route to view the
Static Route menu, shown in Figure 5-5.

Figure 5-5. Static Route Summary Table

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To add or edit a Static Route, select a number and click the Edit button to open the Edit Menu,
shown in Figure 5-6

Figure 5-6. Static Route Entry and Edit Menu

Table 5-6 lists and describes the fields for the IP Static Route Edit menu.

Table 5-6. Edit IP Static Route Fields

Field Description

Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route for identification purposes only.
Active Use this field to activate or deactivate this static route.
Destination IP Address Enter the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based

on network number.If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a
subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the

network number to be identical to the host ID.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask for this destination.
Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway to the destination network. The gateway

is the next router that your router contacts in order to forward packets to the

destination.On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment

as the router. Over the WAN, the gateway will be the IP address of the router

at your ISP.

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Table 5-6. Edit IP Static Route Fields (continued)

Field Description

Metric Enter the cost in ‘hops’ of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses

hop counts as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly

connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link.

The number does not have to be precise, but it must be between1 and 16. In

practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.
Private Use this field to determine whether the router includes the route to this

remote node in its RIP broadcasts. If set to Yes, this route is kept private and

not included in any RIP broadcast.If set to No, the route to this remote node

is propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

Static Route Example

As an example of when a static route is needed, consider the following case:

• Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP.

• You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where
you are employed. This router’s address on your LAN is 192.168.0.100.

• Your company’s network is 134.177.0.0.

When you first configured your router, two implicit static routes were created. A default route was
created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local network
for all 192.168.x.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on the

134.177.0.0 network, your router will forward your request to the ISP. The ISP forwards your
request to the company where you are employed, and the request will likely be denied by the
company’s firewall.

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In this case you must define a static route, telling your router that 134.177.0.0 should be accessed
through the ISDN router at 192.168.100. The static route would look like Figure 5-7.

Figure 5-7. Static Route Example

In this example:

• The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to
all 134.177.x.x addresses.

• The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be
forwarded to the ISDN router at 192.168.0.100.

• A Metric value of either 1 or 2 will work.

• Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated.

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5-16 Advanced Configuration of the Router

Chapter 6

Maintenance

This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your Model MR314 Cable/DSL
Wireless Router. These features can be found by clicking on the M aintenance heading in the Main
Menu of the browser interface.

System Status

The System Status menu provides a limited amount of status and usage information. From the
Main Menu of the browser interface, click on Maintenance, then select System Status to view the
System Status screen, shown in Figure 6-1

.

Figure 6-1. System Status screen

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The System Status screen shows the parameters listed in Table 6-1

Table 6-1. System Status fields

Field Description

System Name This field displays the Host Name assigned to the router.
Router Firmware Version This field displays the router firmware version.
WAN Port These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the router.

IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet (WAN) port

of the router. If no address is shown, the router cannot connect to the
Internet.

IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet(WAN)

port of the router.

DHCP If set to None, the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the

WAN or to use PPPoE.
If set to Client, the router is configured to obtain an IP address
dynamically from the ISP.

LAN Port These parameters apply to the Local (WAN) port of the router.

IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Local (LAN) port of

the router. The default is 192.168.0.1

IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local (LAN)

port of the router. The default is 255.255.255.0

DHCP If set to None, the router will not assign IP addresses to local PCs on the

LAN.
IfsettoServer,therouterisconfiguredtoassignIPaddressestolocal
PCs on the LAN.

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Click on the “Show Statistics” button to display router usage statistics, as shown in Figure 6-2
below:

Figure 6-2. Router Statistics screen

This screen shows the following statistics:.

Table 6-2. Router Statistics Fields

Field Description

Port The statistics for the WAN (Internet), LAN (local) Ethernet, and WLAN (wireless) ports.

For each port, the screen displays:
Status The link status of the port. Displays data rate and full/half duplex status.
TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear.
RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear.
Collisions The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear.
Tx B/s The current line utilization—percentage of current bandwidthused on this port.
Tx B/s The average line utilization —average CLU for this port.
Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired link.

System up Time The time elapsed since the last power cycle or reset.
Poll Interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop

to freeze the display.

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DHCP Table

The DHCP Table shows all IP address assignments that have been made by the router’s DHCP
server. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, click on Maintenance, then select DHCP
Table to view the table, shown in Figure 6-3

Figure 6-3. DHCP Table

For each PC client, the table shows the IP address, Ethernet MAC address, and NetBIOS Host
Name. Note that if the router is rebooted, the table data is lost until each PC renews its DHCP
lease.

Software Upgrade

The routing software of the Model MR314 router is stored in FLASH memory, and can be
upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR. Upgrade files can be downloaded from
Netgear's website. If the upgrade file is compressed (.ZIP file), you must first extract the binary
(.BIN) file before sending it to the router. The upgrade file can be sent to the router using your
browser.

Note:

The Webbrowser used to upload new firmware into the Model MR314 router must support

HTTP uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Netscape Navigator 3.0 or above.
To reach the Upgrade menu, click Maintenance from the navigation bar on the left, and then click

the Upgrade heading. To upload new firmware:

1.

Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR.

2.

In the Software Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the
binary (.BIN) upgrade file

3.

Click Upload.

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Note: When uploadingsoftware to the Model MR314 router, it is important not to interrupt the
Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page. If the browser is
interrupted, it may corrupt the software. When the upload is complete, your router will
automatically restart.

In some cases, you may need to reconfigure the router after upgrading.

Configuration File Management

The configuration settings of the Model MR314 router are stored within the router in a
configuration file. This file can be saved (backed up) to a user’s PC, retrieved (restored) from the
user’s PC, or cleared to factory default settings.

To manage the configuration file, click on Maintenance in the Main Menu of the browser interface,
then select Files. Three submenu tabs are available, and are described in the following sections.

Restore and Backup the Configuration

The Restore and Backup tabs in the Maintenance menu allow you to save and retrieve a file
containing your router’s configuration settings.

To save your settings, select the Backup tab. Click the Backup button. Your browser will extract
the configuration file, named‘rom-0’, from the router and will prompt you for a location on your
PC to store the file.

To restore your settings, select the Restore tab. Enter the full path to the configuration file on your
PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file. When you have located it, click on the Upload
button to send the file to the router. The router will then reboot automatically.

Erase the Configuration

It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to a known blank condition. This can be done by
using the Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the router's
password will be 1234, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.0.1, and the router's DHCP client will
be enabled.

To erase the configuration, click the Erase tab, then click the Erase button on the screen.

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To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP
address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. See “Using the

Default Reset button“ on page 6-7.

Loading Software and Configuration Files Using FTP

As an alternative to the browser interface, you can update the router software and manage the
configuration file by using an FTP program. Windows includes a very basic MS-DOS FTP client
program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu. Other FTPclient programs are
available through many software retailers and shareware sites. Refer to your FTP client program’s
instructions for details on using the FTP client.

Updating Router Software Using FTP

To update the router software over the LAN using an FTP client program, follow these steps:

1.

Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR.

2.

Rename the new software file to ras,withnoextension.

3.

Use your FTP client to establish an FTP connection to the router at the LAN address,

192.168.0.1.
No login name is necessary. The password is the current configuration Manager password.
The factory default password is 1234.

4.

Select binary (not ascii) transfer mode.

5.

Use your FTP program to put the file named

in the router.

ras

After the data transfer is finished, the router programs the upgraded firmware into flash memory
and reboots itself, dropping the FTP session.

Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP

To back up or restore the configuration file over the LAN using an FTP client program, follow
these steps

1.

If you are sending a configuration file to the router, first rename it to rom-0, with no extension.

2.

Use your FTP client to establish an FTP connection to the router at the LAN address,

192.168.0.1.
No login name is necessary. The password is the current configuration Manager password.
The factory default password is 1234.

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3.

Select binary (not ascii) transfer mode.

4.

Use your FTP program to get (back up) or put (restore) the file named rom-0 in the router.

After you have sent a configuration file to the router, the router programs the new configuration
into flash memory and reboots itself, dropping the FTP session.

Using FTP from the WAN

If you wish to load new software or transfer the configuration file over the WAN, you must know
the WAN IP address of the router. You must also use the PORTS menu to forward incoming FTP
(port 21) traffic to the router’s LAN IP address, usually 192.168.0.1.

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password

This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings, changing the
Manager password to 1234 and the IP address to 192.168.0.1. You can erase the current
configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:

• Use the Erase function of the Web Manager (see “Erase the Configuration“ on page 6-5).

• Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. Use this method for cases when
the Manager password or IP address is not known.

Using the Default Reset button

To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the Manager password or IP
address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router.

1.

Press the Default Reset button for 10 seconds, then release it.
If the TEST LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the router is now

rebooting. Otherwise, go to step 2.

2.

Disconnect the power from the router.

3.

While depressing the Default Reset button, reconnect power to the router.
Continue to hold the Default Reset button. The TEST LED will begin to blink, then will

flicker very quickly after about 10 or 15 seconds. This indicates that the defaults have been
restored and the router is now rebooting.

4.

Release the Default Reset button and wait for the router to reboot.

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6-8 Maintenance

Chapter 7

Troubleshooting

This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless
Router. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve
the problem.

Basic Functioning

After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur:

1.

When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on.

2.

Verify that the TEST LED begins to blink within a few seconds, indicating that the self-test
procedure is running.

3.

After approximately 30 seconds, verify that:

a.

The TEST LED is not lit.

b.

The WIRELESS ON LED is lit.

c.

The LOCAL LNK/ACT LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.

d.

The INTERNET LNK LED is lit.

If a LNK or LNK/ACT LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device.

4.

If any LOCAL port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the 100 LED is lit.

If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.

PWR LED Not On

If the PW R and other LEDs are off when your router is turned on:

Troubleshooting 7-1

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

• Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply
adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet.

• Check that you are using the 12 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product.

If the error persists, you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.

Test LED Never Blinks or LED Stays On

When the router is turned on, the Test LED blinks for about 30 seconds at a rate of approximately

0.5 Hz and then turns off. If the Test LED does not blink, or if it stops blinking and stays on, there

is a fault within the router.
If you experience problems with the Test LED:

• Cycle the power to see if the router recovers and the LED blinks for the correct amount of
time.

If all LEDs including the Test LED are still on one minute after power up:

• Cycle the power to see if the router recovers.

• Clear the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to

192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Using the Default Reset button“ on page 6-7.

If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.

LNK/ACT or LNK LEDs Not On

If either the LOCAL LNK/ACT LED or INTERNET LNK LED does not light when the Ethernet
connection is made, check the following:

• Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or
workstation.

• Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation.

• Besureyouareusingthecorrectcable:
— When connecting the router’s INTERNET port to a cable or DSL modem, use the cable

that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem. This cable may be a standard
straight-through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable.

7-2 Troubleshooting

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface

If you are unable to access the router’s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local
network, check the following:

• If you are using an Ethernet-connected PC, check the Ethernet connection between the PC and
the router as described in the previous section.

• If you are using a wireless-connected PC, that the ESSID and WEP settings are the same for
the router and PC. The router’s default settings are: ESSID is Wireless and WEP is disabled.

• Make sure your PC’s IP address is on the same subnet as the router. If you are using the
recommended addressing scheme, your PC’s address should be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to

192.168.0.32. Refer to “Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Windows)“ on page 3-5 or “Verifying

TCP/IP Properties (Macintosh)“ on page 3-6 to find your PC’s IP address. Follow the

instructions in Chapter 3 to configure your PC.

Note:

If your PC’s IP address is shown as 169.254.x.x:
Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the
computer cannot reach a DHCP server. These auto-generated addresses are in the range of

169.254.x.x. If your IP address is in this range, check the connection from the PC to the router
and reboot your PC.

• If your router’s IP address has been changed and you don’t know the current IP address, clear
the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to

192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Using the Default Reset button“ on page 6-7.

• Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet
Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded.

• Try quitting the browser and launching it again.

• Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is
admin and the password is 1234. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this
information.

If the router does not save changes you have made in the WebConfiguration Interface, check the
following:

• When entering configuration s ettings, be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to
another menu or tab, or your changes are lost.

• Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser. The changes may have occurred, but
the Web browser may be caching the old configuration.

Troubleshooting 7-3

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Troubleshooting the ISP Connection

If your router is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the router is able
to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address, your
router must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was
successful using either the browser interface or the Manager interface.

To check the WAN IP address from the browser interface:

1.

Launch your browser and select an external site such as www.netgear.com

2.

Access the Main Menu of the router’s configuration at http://192.168.0.1

3.

Under the Advanced heading, click on Maintenance

4.

Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port
If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP.

If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, you may need to force your cable or
DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure:

1.

Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem.

2.

Turn off power to your router.

3.

Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem.

4.

When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to
your router.

If your router is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, the problem may be one of the
following:

• Your ISP may require a login program.
Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) or a RoadRunner login.

• If you have selected a login program, you may have incorrectly set the login name and
password.

• Your ISP may check for your PC's host name.
Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account to the router in the browser-based Setup
Wizard.

• Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet, and may check for
your PC’s MAC address. In this case:

7-4 Troubleshooting

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device, and ask them to use the router’s
MAC address.

OR
Configure your router to spoof your PC’sMAC address. This can be done in the Setup Wizard.

Refer to “Configuring for Internet Access“ on page 4-1.

If your router can obtain an IP address, but your PC is unable to load any web pages from the
Internet:

• Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses)

to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS
servers for your use. If you entered a DNS address during the router’s configuration, reboot
your PC and verify the DNS address as described in “VerifyingTCP/IP Properties (Windows)“

on page 3-5. Alternatively, you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses, as

explained in your operating system documentation.

• Your PC may not have the router configured as its TCP/IP gateway.
If your PC obtains its information from the router by DHCP, reboot the PC and verify the

gateway address as described in “Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Windows)“ on page 3-5.

Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility

Most TCP/IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet
to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP
network is made very easy by using the ping utility in in your PC or workstation.

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router

You can ping the router from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly.
To ping the router from a PC running Windows 95 or later:

1.

From the Windows toolbar, click on the Start button and select Run.

2.

In the field provided, type Ping followed by the IP address of the router, as in this example:

ping 192.168.0.1

3.

Click on OK.

Troubleshooting 7-5

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

You should see a message like this one:

Pinging <IP address> with 32 bytes of data

If the path is working, you see this message:

Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx

If the path is not working, you see this message:

Request timed out

If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems:

• Wrong physical connections

— Make sure the LAN LNK/ACT LED is on. If the LNK/ACT LED is off, follow the

instructions in “LNK/ACT or LNK LEDs Not On”onpage 7-2.

— Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and

for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and router.

• Wrong network configuration

— Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP/IP software are both installed

and configured on your PC or workstation.

— Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstationare correct and that the

addresses are on the same subnet.

Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device

After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device.
From the Windows run menu, type:

PING -n 10 <

where <

IP address

> is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.

If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the previous section are displayed. If you do not
receive replies:

— Check that your PC has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway. If the IP

configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be visible in the
control panel network utility. Go to the Run… window and run winipcfg. The IP address
of the router should appear as the Default Gateway.

— Check to see that the network address of your PC (the portion of the IP address specified

by the netmask) is different from the network address of the remote device.

7-6 Troubleshooting

IP address

>

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

— Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning.
— If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC, enter that host name as the router name in the

Wizard Setup.

— Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs. Many

broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your
broadband modem, but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a
single PC connected to that modem. If this is the case, you must configure your router to
“borrow” or “spoof” the MAC address from the authorized PC. Refer to “Configuring for

Internet Access“ on page 4-1.

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password

This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings, changing the
Manager password to 1234 and the IP address to 192.168.0.1. You can erase the current
configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:

• Use the Erase function of the Web Manager. See “Erase the Configuration“ on page 6-5.

• Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. Use this method for cases when
the Manager password or IP address is not known. See “Using the Default Reset button“ on

page 6-7.

Problems with Date and Time

The E-Mail m enu in the Advanced configuration topics displays the current time of day. The
Model MR314 router uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time from one
of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and
time of day. Problems with the date and time function can include:

• Date shown is January 1, 2000
Cause: The router has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server. Check that your
Internet access settings are configured correctly. If you have just completed configuring the
router, wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again.

• Time is off by one hour
Cause: The router cannot sense Daylight Savings Time. Change the Time Zone setting to a
zone whose Standard Time matches the correct time for your zone.

Troubleshooting 7-7

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

7-8 Troubleshooting

Appendix A

Technical Specifications

This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model M R314 Cable/DSL Wireless
Router.

Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility

Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP

PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Wireless Networking Specifications

Wireless Networking Standard 802.11b
Data rate 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps (Auto Rate Sensing)
Signal Frequency 2.4Ghz to 2.5Ghz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Range Dep

ending on various environmental conditions,

maximums are:

Outdoor environment Indoor environment
1Mbps - 1650 ft (503 m) 1Mbps - 500 ft (152 m)
2Mbps - 1320 ft (402 m) 2Mbps - 400 ft (122 m)

5.5Mbps - 1155 ft (352 m) 5.5Mbps - 270 ft (82 m)
11Mbps - 835 ft (255 m) 11Mbps - 175 ft (53 m)

Encryption 64-bit (also called 40-bit) and 128-bit WEP data encryption

Technical Specifications A-1

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Maximum number of wireless
hosts

Power Adapter

Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated
by each node; typically 30 to 70 nodes.

North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input
United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input
Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input
Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input
All regions (output): 12 V DC @ 1.2A output, 30W maximum

Physical Specifications

Dimensions: 253 by 181 by 35 mm

9.95 by 7.1 by 1.4 in.

Weight: 1.1 kg

2.5 lb.

Environmental Specifications

Operating temperature: 0° to 40° C
Operating humidity: 90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing

Electromagnetic Emissions

Meetsrequirementsof: FCCPart15ClassB

VCCI Class B
EN 55 022 (CISPR 22), Class B

Interface Specifications

LAN: 10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45 (wired)

802.11b (wireless)

WAN: 10BASE-T, RJ-45

A-2 Technical Specifications

Appendix B

Network and Routing Basics

This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and firewalls.

Basic Router Concepts

Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area
network (LAN). However, providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internetcan
be very expensive. Because of this expense, Internet access is usually provided by a slower-speed
wide-area network (WAN) link such as a cable or DSL modem. In order to make the best use of the
slower WANlink, a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic
meant for the Internet. The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router.

What is a Ro uter?

A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in
the data and on routing tables m aintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a
logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers
in the network. U sing this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network
traffic.

Network and Routing Basics B-1

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of
physical WANconnection they support. The Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router is a small
office router that routes the IP protocol over a single-user broadband connection.

Routing Information Protocol

One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing
Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for
changes to add to the routing table.

The Model MR314 router supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among
other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for m ost
home applications.

IP Addresses and the Internet

Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected across the world, every machine on the Internet must
have a unique address to m ake sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination. Blocks of
addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from
an Internet service provider (ISP). You can contact IANA at www.iana.org.

The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot
notation (also called dotted-decimal notation), in which each group of eight bits is written in
decimal form, separated by decimal points.

For example, the following binary address:

11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111

is normally written as:

195.34.12.7

The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer.
In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address

identifies the network, and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network. The
dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.

B-2 Network and Routing Basics

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

There are five standard classes of IP addresses. These address classes have different ways of
determining the network and host sections of the address, allowing for different numbers of hosts
on a network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP
software to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software
can correctly identify the host section of the address. The follow figure shows the three main
address classes, including network and host sections of the address for each address type.

Class A

Network Node

Class B

Network Node

Class C

Network Node

7261

Figure B-1. Three Main Address Classes

The five address classes are:

•ClassA
Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a s ingle network. They use an eight-bit
network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range:

1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x.

•ClassB
Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. A Class B address uses a 16-bit
network number and a 16-bit node number. Class B addresses are in this range:

128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x.

•ClassC
Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the
network address and eight bits for the node. They are in this range:

192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x.

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

•ClassD
Class D addresses are used for multicasts(messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are
in this range:

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

•ClassE
Class E addresses are for experimental use.

This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each
node on each physical network.

For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host
address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also,
the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned, but is used as the broadcast
address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address.

Netmask

In each of the address classes previously described, the size of the two parts (network address a nd
host address) is implied by the class. This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask
associatedwith the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically combined (using
an AND operator) with an IP address, yields the network address. For instance, the netmasks for
Class A, B, and C addresses are 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively.

For example, the address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address w hose network portion is the
upper 24 bits. When combined (using an AND operator) with the Class C netmask, as shown here,
only the network portion of the address remains:

11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 (192.168.170.237)

combined with:

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0)

Equals:

11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 (192.168.170.0)

As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of
the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward
slash ( / ), as “/n.” In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating
that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.

B-4 Network and Routing Basics

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Subnet Addressing

By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a
large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addressesif each end of
a routed link requires a different network number.It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would
have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet
addressing.

Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical
networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead.
A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. M ost
organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet
addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.

Class B

Network Subnet Node

7262

Figure B-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address

A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For example, the
IP address of 172.16.0.0 is assigned, but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum, allowing
eight extra bits to use as a subnet address. The IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as
IP network address 172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending
the number of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing
allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different
subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the
organization.

Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are
not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only
shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C
network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift one bit from the host address to the network
address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.255.128. The first subnet has network
number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has
network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.

Network and Routing Basics B-5

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Note:

The number 192.68.135.127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address
of the first subnet. The number 192.68.135.128 is not assigned because it is the network
address of the second subnet.

The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the
table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal
value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet
mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240.

Table B-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet

Number of Bits Dotted-Decimal Value

1 128
2 192
3 224
4 240
5 248
6 252
7 254
8 255

The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted-decimal and the
masklength formats.

Table B-2. Netmask Formats

Dotted-Decimal Masklength

255.0.0.0 /8

255.255.0.0 /16

255.255.255.0 /24

255.255.255.128 /25

255.255.255.192 /26

255.255.255.224 /27

255.255.255.240 /28

255.255.255.248 /29

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Table B-2. Netmask Formats

255.255.255.252 /30

255.255.255.254 /31

255.255.255.255 /32

NETGEAR strongly recommends that you configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same
netmask for the following reasons:

• So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets
When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local

network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices
on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.

• So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote

Private IP Addresses

If your local network is isolated from the Internet (for example, when using NAT), you can assign
any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the IANA has reserved the following
three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

NETGEAR recommends that you choose your private network number from this range. The
DHCP server of the Model MR314 router is preconfigured to automatically assign private
addresses.

Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines explained here. For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597,

Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP
Address Space. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) publishes RFCs on its Web site at

www.ietf.org.

Network and Routing Basics B-7

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

In the past, if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously, you had to
obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP. This type of Internet account is more costly than a
single-address account typically used by a single user with a modem, rather than a router. The
Model MR314 router employs an address-sharing method called Network Address Translation
(NAT). This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single
IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP.

The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a
single address that is globally unique on the Internet. The internal LAN IP addresses can be either
private addresses or registered addresses. For more information about IP address translation, refer
to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation.

Private IP addresses
assigned by user

IP addresses

192.168.0.2

assigned by ISP

192.168.0.3

192.168.0.4

192.168.0.5

192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105
Internet

7786EA

Figure B-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

B-8 Network and Routing Basics

Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

This scheme offers the additional benefit of simple firewall-like protection because the internal
LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection. All incoming
inquiries are filtered out by the router. This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your
system. However, using port forwarding, you can allow one PC (for example, a Web server) on
your local network to be accessible to outside users.

MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol

An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another. To send data
between LAN devices, you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media
access control (MAC) address. Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address,
which is a 48-bit number assigned t o each device by the manufacturer. The technique that
associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution. Internet Protocol
uses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to resolve MAC addresses.

If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet
recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network. All stations on the network
receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of
the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request. All other
stations discard the request.

The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending
device. The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC
address. The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table. The
next time data is sent, the address can be obtained from the address information in the table.

Domain Name Server

Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as
www.NETGEAR.com. This addressing is very helpful at the application level, but the descriptive
name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actuallycontact the resource. Just as
a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers, or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to
MAC addresses, a domain name system (DNS) server maps descriptive names of network
resources to IP addresses.

When a PC accessesa resource by its descriptive name, it first contacts a D NS server to obtain the
IP address of the resource. The PC sends the desired message using the IP address. Many large
organizations, such as ISPs, maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the
servers to look up addresses.

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Reference Guide for the Model MR314 Cable/DSL Wireless Router

IP Configuration by DHCP

When an IP-based local area network is installed, each PC must be configured with an IP address.
If the PCs need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and
one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a methodby
which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information. A device
on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. The DHCP
server stores a list or pool of IP addresses, along with other i nformation (such as gateway and DNS
addresses)that it may assign to the other devices on the network. The Model MR314 routerhas the
capacity to act as a DHCP server.

The Model MR314 router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP. The router
can automatically obtain an IP address,subnet mask, DNS server addresses,and a gateway address
if the ISP provides this information by DHCP.

B-10 Network and Routing Basics